TW201922340A - Asymmetric three-bladed worm shaft for a mixing and kneading machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a worm shaft for a mixing and kneading machine in particular for continuous preparation processes, comprising a shaft rod, on the circumferential surface of which blade elements are arranged which are spaced apart from one another and which extend outward from the circumferential surface of the shaft rod, wherein the blade elements are arranged on the shaft rod, at least in one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft, in three rows extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft, wherein at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows is different from one of the blade elements of one of the other rows, and/or the rows of blade elements, viewed in cross-section of the shaft rod, are distributed irregularly over the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft rod.

Description

   Asymmetric three-blade worm shaft for mixing and kneading machine   

The present invention relates to a worm shaft of a stirring and kneading machine especially used in a continuous preparation process; a corresponding worm shaft section; a housing including such a worm shaft or such a worm shaft section; A stirring and kneading machine in a continuous preparation process, comprising such a casing.

Stirring and kneading machines with such worm shafts are particularly useful for preparing plastic and / or pasty substances. For example, in order to homogenize and plasticize plastics, rubbers, the combination of fillers and reinforcing materials, and the manufacture of basic materials in the food industry, they are used for the processing of viscoplastic materials. The worm shaft hereby constitutes a working element, which conveys or conveys the material to be processed axially forward, and thereby stirs the components of the material together.

Such stirring and kneading machines are particularly suitable for the production of polymer particles, polymer extrusion profiles, polymer molded parts, and the like. In the mixing and kneading machine, a molten homogeneous polymer is thus produced, which is then conveyed, for example, to a discharge device, and from there, for example, to a granulation device, a shaft, a conveyor belt, and the like.

Such mixing and kneading machines are known, for example, from CH 278 575A and CH 464 656.

In these stirring and kneading machines, the worm shaft not only performs a rotary motion, but also moves forward and backward in translation in the axial direction (that is, toward the longitudinal direction of the worm shaft). Preferably, the sequence of movements is thus characterized in that, viewed from the axial direction, the worm shaft performs a vibrational movement plus a rotation. This sequence of movements allows components (ie, kneading elements, such as kneading bolts or kneading blunt teeth) to be incorporated into the housing of the blender and kneader. Due to the existence of the kneading element, as viewed in the direction of the section, the worm conveyor arranged on the main shaft (so-called shaft) does not run continuously, but is subdivided into a plurality of individual blade elements, each blade The element extends over a specific angular section of the section circumference of the shaft. Adjacent blade elements are spaced from each other in the axial direction and in the outer peripheral direction of the shaft, that is, a gap is provided between adjacent blades in the axial direction and in the outer peripheral direction of the shaft. If, for example, the entire shaft of a worm shaft or one shaft section of the shaft of a worm shaft (viewed from the section direction of the shaft) includes three blades, each blade element is at an angular section, for example, 100 °, of the section circumference of the shaft Upward extension, this is described as a three-leaf worm shaft or a three-leaf worm shaft section (if this blade element configuration is not extended over the entire axial length of the shaft but only over one of its sections). Control the rotation and translation movement of the worm shaft in the axial direction, so that individual blade elements move during the rotation and translation movement without the kneading element colliding with the blade element, so that their sides are close to the corresponding kneading element In order to compress the material being stirred and kneaded, and to exert a shear force on it, in order to promote stirring and / or kneading in this way. Furthermore, since the kneading element is close to the side of the blade element during the rotation and translation movement of the worm shaft, the kneading element prevents the mixture components from being accumulated on the side of the blade element, so that the kneading element also achieves cleaning of the blade element. Of course, the number and geometry of the blade elements must be adapted to the number of kneading elements. Generally, the individual kneading elements are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the casing of the mixing and kneading machine toward the axial direction in a plurality of rows of axially spaced kneading elements. These rows are coordinated with the geometry and number of blade elements and The inner peripheral surface of the housing extends over at least one shaft section. The individual kneading elements are screwed into holes or sockets provided in the inner wall of the housing (viewing the inner wall of the housing). In addition, it is known that the blade elements of the worm shaft are constructed in a symmetrical manner (that is, the three blade elements of the three-blade worm shaft), each blade element having the same shape and the same size and evenly distributed on the circumferential surface of the shaft So that the midpoints of the three blade elements are each shifted by 120 ° on the circumferential surface of the shaft. In order to adapt to it, three rows of jacks for 120 ° shifting of the kneading elements are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the casing of the mixing and kneading machine. In the case of a four-leaf worm shaft, the midpoints of the four blade elements are each shifted by 90 ° on the circumferential surface of the shaft, and are arranged correspondingly on the inner peripheral surface of the casing of the mixing and kneading machine. Four rows of jacks for kneading elements each shifted by 90 °.

The stirring and kneading machine is often subdivided into different processing sections in the axial direction, wherein each processing section has a corresponding number and geometric shape of blade elements and kneading elements according to the work assigned during operation. For example, a mixing and kneading machine includes an infeed section in the axial direction according to the material to be stirred, which is at the upstream end for introducing ingredients to be stirred or kneaded into the machine; a melting section, which is in the above section Downstream of the section, the ingredients are melted; a stirring and dispersing section that pulverizes and aggregates as much as possible homogeneous aggregates of the material components; and a degassing section that degasses the mixture. It has been proposed to provide different numbers of kneading elements in individual sections of the mixing and kneading machine in order to adapt the conditions in the individual sections to the requirements of the different processing sections. Therefore, a shell layer can be provided, which has several shell section sections separated from each other when viewed in the axial direction, so that individual shaft sections of the shell can be equipped with different numbers of kneading elements. For example, it is known to configure the worm shaft of the mixing and kneading machine in a three-leaf type in some sections and the four-leaf type in other sections, and it is the corresponding section of the inner casing wall of the mixing and kneading machine. The shell is equipped with three or four rows of sockets for kneading elements. If the mixing and kneading machine is optimized in this way for the starting material to be mixed, and should be used in different applications with different starting materials, the mixing and kneading machine must be re-optimized and corresponding to the processing area. to modify. If a machining section previously used a four-leaf worm shaft section and a shell with four kneading bolts installed, a three-leaf worm shaft section should be used, in which one section must be equipped with The shells of the rubbing bolts with three rows of jacks displaced by 120 ° replace the shells equipped with the four rows of rubbing bolts with 90 ° shifts. Generally, it is laborious to adjust the stirring and kneading machine according to the different basic materials to be stirred in the conventional art, especially in terms of the number of rows of kneading elements and the corresponding number of blade elements on the worm shaft. In particular, it is known that three- and four-leaf worm shafts or worm shaft sections need to be specially equipped with corresponding housing sections having a socket for a kneading element.

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks and to provide a three-leaf worm shaft or a three-leaf worm shaft section, which can also be particularly used at least also with other worm shaft sections (for example, especially four-leaf worm Shaft section) compatible housing or housing section, so that in the mixing and kneading machine, the three-leaf worm shaft or the three-leaf worm can be used without changing the housing or shell. Shaft section to replace a four-leaf worm shaft or a four-leaf worm shaft section, but at most some kneading bolts must be repositioned from one row of sockets to another.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a worm shaft of a stirring and kneading machine, which is used in particular for a continuous preparation process. The worm shaft includes a shaft, and blade elements are arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft, and the blade elements are spaced from each other. Open and extend outward from the circumferential surface of the shaft, wherein the blade elements are arranged on the shaft in three rows of shafts facing the worm shaft in at least one section extending axially toward the worm shaft Extending, where at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows is different from one of the blade elements of one of the other rows, and / or viewed from the section of the shaft, the blade element rows Irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft. Therefore, the present invention relates to a trilobal worm shaft that is at least partially asymmetric.

Since the worm shaft according to the present invention is at least partially asymmetrically configured as a three-blade type, it can also be used in mixing and kneading machines that are compatible with other worm shaft sections (e.g., especially four-leaf worm shaft sections). In the shell. Therefore, a section of the worm shaft according to the present invention, which is asymmetrically configured as a three-blade type, does not need to be replaced with a section of a worm shaft that is configured as a four-blade type without the need to replace the casing or the shell. This is because the worm shaft according to the invention, which is at least partially asymmetrically configured as a three-leaf type, can be used in a housing, where the housing is used for a kneading element in at least one section extending axially of the housing. The sockets (viewed from the cross section of the shell) are irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the inner circumferential surface of the shell or shell. The irregular distribution of the sockets for the kneading elements on the circumference defined by the inner circumferential surface of the housing is understood here as taking into account that in the section of the housing, all adjacent rows are used for kneading Of the distances between any two insertion holes of the element, at least two distances are different from each other. With the irregular arrangement of the jacks for the kneading elements, several occupational variations of the number and configuration of the jacks relative to the kneading elements can be easily achieved, that is, while maintaining the mixing and kneading machine at each unit Best results in terms of material throughput. For example, on the inner circumferential surface of the housing, if there are six rows of jacks provided for the kneading elements and extending in the axial direction of the mixing and kneading machine, since the The irregular distribution of the sockets of these rows of kneading elements (viewed in cross section), instead of occupying all rows or four rows with kneading elements, only three rows can be used with kneading elements, so three rows of jacks can not be filled Among them, however, the occupied rows are arranged at a certain distance from each other, so that the best effect of the mixing and kneading machine in terms of material production per unit time can be achieved. Within the meaning of the present invention, the socket for the kneading element is a hollow space on the inner circumferential surface of the housing, and is configured such that the kneading element (for example, a kneading bolt, a kneading blunt tooth, etc.) is disposed in Among them, and can be fixed by it, so that the kneading element extends radially inwardly from the inner circumferential surface of the housing into the hollow inner space. The socket may be a notch, an opening, a drilled hole, or the like, which more or less extends from the inner peripheral surface of the casing to the depth of the casing. Preferably, at least one socket is a notch, opening or bore, and each socket is a notch, opening or bore. In the case of a typical two-component design of a shell composed of a shell and a shell layer disposed radially inward thereon, the jack extends from the inner peripheral surface of the shell layer therein, optionally also into the shell, And optionally through the shell. In the case of a single-component design of the housing, the socket thus extends from the inner peripheral surface of the housing therein and optionally through the housing.

According to the invention, the worm shaft has outwardly extending blade elements on the circumferential surface of the shaft, the blade elements being at least in a section extending axially towards the worm shaft on the circumferential surface of the shaft The upper arrangement is arranged in three rows to extend in the axial direction of the worm shaft. Except for the blade elements arranged in three rows, this three-leaf section does not include other blade elements, and therefore no individual blade element is arranged between these rows. Within the meaning of the present invention, a row of blade elements extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft on at least a section of the (outer) circular surrounding surface of the shaft is understood to mean that the blade elements located in a row The connecting line at the center point is at least approximately straight, and the blade elements are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, wherein the maximum deviation of the connecting line from the straight line is less than 10 °, preferably less than 5 °, and more preferably less than 2 °. Here, the midpoint of a blade element is understood to be the middle point of the length of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element, where the length is the longest extension or longitudinal extension of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element, and thus is at the blade The longest possible straight line between two different points on the peripheral surface of the element.

As shown, the blade elements are arranged in three rows on the circumferential surface of the shaft at least in a section extending axially toward the shaft. The other shaft sections of the worm shaft can be configured differently, ie, for example, a double-leaf type, a four-leaf type, or an alternating double-leaf and four-leaf type. The worm shaft according to the present invention may also include two, three, or many tri-lobed sections, each of which is separated by more than one other section, wherein these one or more other sections may also be designed in reverse. Two-leaf, four-leaf, or alternating two-leaf and four-leaf.

According to the invention, at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows is different from one of the blade elements of one of the other rows, and / or the blade elements are viewed when viewed in a section of the shaft. The rows are irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft.

According to a first particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, this can be achieved because at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows of at least one of the sections extending towards the axial direction of the worm shaft is better than the other two rows. At least one of the blade elements of one of them is also short and / or narrow. Therefore, for this embodiment of the present invention, the sizes of the blade elements in different rows are different from each other, that is, in terms of the length and / or width of the blade elements. Thus, the length of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element in this context (as described above) is the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element. Furthermore, the width B of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element in this respect extends the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element, which extends perpendicular to the length of the blade element. The individual blades can have the same form or different forms here. For example, all blade elements may have biconvex outer circumferential surfaces, where the length of the blade elements in one row is longer than the length of the blade elements in the other row. However, similarly, the blade elements may have different shapes, for example, one row of blade elements may have a biconvex outer peripheral surface, and the other row of blade elements may have parallelogram outer peripheral surfaces, of which one row of blades The width of the element is greater than the width of the blade elements in the other row.

According to a second particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle between at least two of the three rows (between the midpoint M of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element adjacent to the circumferential surface of the shaft) The distance is different from the angular distance between at least two other rows. If the rows of blade elements (looking towards the section of the shaft) are irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft, then all three rows of blade elements may thus have the same shape and the same size. Instead, all three rows of blade elements may have different shapes.

According to a third particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows of at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft is greater than the blade element of one of the other two rows. At least one of them is also short and / or narrow, and between at least two of the three rows (between adjacent midpoints M of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element on the circumferential surface of the shaft) The angular distance is different from the angular distance between at least two other rows. Also in this embodiment, all three rows of blade elements may have the same shape or different shapes.

This is usually the case in the agitating and kneading machines described above. The shaft of the worm shaft according to the invention preferably has a circular cross section, in which individual blade elements extend radially outwards from the circumferential surface of the shaft.

The invention is thus not limited to the type of manufacture of the worm shaft. For example, the worm shaft can be made by milling a metal cylinder into a blade element or by welding the blade element to the shaft. For practical purposes, however, the worm shaft is made by mounting individual worm shaft sections to a base rod, where each worm shaft section includes, for example, two rows of 1 to 4 adjacent blade elements each.

In another embodiment of the inventive concept, at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 95% of each row of at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft is quite special. Preferably at least 99%, and optimally all blade elements are identical to each other. As a result, all the blade elements of the first row each have the same shape and size and the same length and width. Similarly, all the blade elements in the second row have the same shape and size, and all the blade elements in the third row have the same shape and size, wherein at least two of the three rows are different from each other and / or the blades The element rows (looking toward the section of the shaft) are irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft.

The length of the worm shaft section extending axially (where the blade elements are configured in three rows extending axially of the worm shaft) is preferably at least 0.2D (i.e., at least equivalent) of the length of the worm shaft. At a distance of 20% of the diameter), preferably at least 5D (that is, a distance equivalent to at least 5 times the diameter), particularly preferably at least 10D (that is, a distance equivalent to at least 10 times the diameter), And quite particularly preferably at least 25D (that is, a distance equivalent to 25 times the diameter).

According to another particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the individual rows of blade elements are oriented such that their longitudinal extensions on the circumferential surface of the shaft extend perpendicular to the length of the worm shaft or extend relative to the length of the worm shaft. The vertical plane in the length direction extends at a relatively small angle. As a result, it is preferred that each of the blade elements of at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft has a longitudinal extension which is 45 ° to 135 ° with respect to the axial direction of the worm shaft, more preferably 60 ° to 120 °, particularly preferably 70 ° to 110 °, and quite particularly preferably i) 75 ° to 85 ° or ii) 95 ° to 105 ° or iii) greater than 85 ° to less than 95 °, such as To extend at an angle of 90 °. Instead, at least 50% or at least 80% or at least 90% of such blade elements may be oriented in this manner even though it is not desirable according to the present invention.

In another embodiment of the inventive concept, it is proposed that each of the blade elements of at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft has an outer circumferential surface in an upper view in a form selected from the group consisting of : Parallelogram, oval, oval, biconvex, modified ellipse, modified oval, modified biconvex, and modified rectangle. Here, the modified ellipse, modified oval, and modified biconvex represent oval, oval, or biconvex, in which the blade elements are viewed extending in the longitudinal direction, and the two ends of the outer circumferential surface It is configured in the form of a trapezoidal tapered end (preferably, an equilateral trapezoid) or a triangle tapered toward both ends (preferably, an equilateral triangle). Here, each of the two sides may have a straight line segment, or one of the two sides may have a straight line segment, or the two sides may not have a straight line segment. In addition, the modified rectangle indicates that the outer circumferential surface of the blade element has a middle rectangular segment in the upper view, on both ends (viewed toward the longitudinal extension of the blade element), in each case gradually toward the ends The tapered trapezoidal or triangular (preferably, equilateral trapezoidal or triangular) forms the end segments, respectively. Here, the blade elements of different rows need not have the same shape, so that, for example, the blade elements of the first row and the blade elements of the third row may have a biconvex outer peripheral surface, and the blade elements of the second row may have a parallelogram outer periphery. surface.

As an alternative to the above embodiment, even if it is not preferable according to the present invention, at least 50% or at least 80% or at least 90% of such blade elements may have the above-mentioned outer peripheral surface shape, or there may be only one row of blade elements or The two-row blade elements also have such an outer circumferential surface shape.

Preferably, all the blade elements in one row have the same shape, wherein the shape of the blade elements in two of the three rows is the same and different from the shape of the blade elements in the third row.

It is also preferred that all blade elements of all three rows have the same shape, but that the blade elements of at least one row differ in length and / or width from those of the other row.

Good results can be particularly achieved if each of the at least one blade element of the axially extending section of the worm shaft has a biconvex, modified biconvex, or parallelogram outer peripheral surface in the top view, where The shapes of the blade elements in different rows may be different from each other. For example, the blade elements of the first and third rows may have parallelogram outer peripheral surfaces, and the blade elements of the second row may have modified biconvex outer peripheral surfaces, and each side of the modified biconvex outer peripheral surfaces has a straight line segment. Also preferably, all three rows of blade elements may have modified biconvex outer circumferential surfaces, wherein in each case one or both of the two sides have straight segments, with the first and third rows of blades The elements are wider than the blade elements in the second row.

In another embodiment of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the ratio of the length to the width of each blade element of all three rows is 1 to 30, preferably 2 to 20, particularly preferably 5 to 15, and quite particularly 6 to 9 or 10 to 12, the longitudinal extension L is the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element, and the width B is the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element, which is perpendicular to the blade element Lengthwise stretch L to extend. The ratio of the length to the width of the blade elements in different rows may thus differ from each other.

For example, the ratio of the length L to the width B of the blade elements in two of the three rows may be the same and different from the ratio of the length L to the width B of the blade elements in the third row.

Furthermore, it is preferable that the blade elements of two of the three rows of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft are identical to each other, and the blade elements of the third row have blade elements of other rows. The same shape, but 1 to 25% longer or shorter than other rows of blade elements, preferably 2% to 20%, particularly preferably 5% to 15%.

As an alternative to the above embodiment, it is preferable that the blade elements of two rows of at least one of the three rows of the section extending toward the axial direction of the worm shaft are the same as each other, and the blade elements of the third row have The blade elements of the rows are different in shape, in which the blade elements of the third row are 1% to 25% longer or shorter than the blade elements of the other two rows, preferably 2% to 20%, particularly preferably 5% to 15 %.

In particular, the blade elements of two of the three rows of at least one section extending axially of the worm shaft are identical to each other, and the blade elements of the third row may have the same shape as the blade elements of the other rows. However, it is 1% to 25% wider, or narrower, than 2% to 20%, and particularly preferably 5% to 15%.

It is also possible that the blade elements of two of the three rows of at least one section extending axially towards the worm shaft are identical to each other, while the blade elements of the third row are different from the blade elements of the other rows Shape, in which the blade elements in the third row are 1% to 25% wider or narrower than the blade elements in the other two rows, preferably 2% to 20%, and particularly preferably 5% to 15%.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the blade elements of at least one of two rows of three rows of the axially extending section of the worm shaft are the same or different from each other, and are on the circumference of the shaft The angular distance between the midpoints M of the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rows of blade elements on the surface is different from the midpoint M of the outer circumferential surfaces of the other row on the circumferential surface of the shaft and the outer sides of the two rows The angular distance between each of the points M in the circumferential surface. Therefore, the length and / or width and / or the ratio of length to width of the three rows of blade elements may be the same or different. The blade elements of the third row may thus have the same or different shapes as the blade elements of the other rows.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, it is particularly preferable that at least one of the outer circumferential surfaces of the blade elements in two of the three rows in the three rows of the section extending toward the axial direction of the worm shaft on the circumferential surface of the shaft The angular distance between points M is 124 ° to 146 °, preferably 130 ° to 140 °, particularly preferably 132 ° to 138 °, particularly preferably 133 ° to 137 °, and quite particularly preferably 134 ° To 136 °, and preferably about 135 °, and each of the middle point M of the outer circumferential surface of the other row on the circumferential surface of the shaft and the middle point M of the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rows The angular distance between them is 102 ° to 123 °, particularly 107 ° to 118 °, particularly preferably 110 ° to 115 °, particularly preferably 111 ° to 114 °, and quite particularly preferably 112 ° to 113 °, And optimally about 112.5 °.

In another development of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the axial distances of two adjacent blade elements of each of the three rows of at least one section extending axially of the worm shaft are the same.

Preferably, each of the two rows of blade elements of at least one of the three rows of the axially extending section of the worm shaft (viewed towards the section of the shaft) has the same shape on the circumferential surface of the shaft Angular distances extend, and each of the blade elements of the other row extends over shorter or longer angular sections, wherein the difference between the angular distances is preferably 1% to 20%, particularly preferably 5% to 15%.

If at least one of the two rows of blade elements in three of the three rows of axially extending sections of the worm shaft (viewed from the section of the shaft) is between 20 ° to 175 of the circumferential surface of the shaft °, preferably 45 ° to 175 °, particularly preferably extending at an angular distance of 60 ° to 175 °, and each of the blade elements of the other of the three rows is at 20 ° to 120 °, preferably Extending over an angular distance of 20 ° to 90 °, particularly good results can be obtained. Although shorter blade elements can achieve better stirring effects than longer blade elements, those blade elements that almost or indeed overlap in the circumferential direction of the shaft particularly lead to a high throughput of each worm shaft diameter and time unit .

In principle, the invention is not limited to the structure of the side of the blade element of at least one double-blade section of the worm shaft. The sides of the blade elements can thus extend vertically upwards from the circumferential surface of the shaft to the outer circumferential surface of the blade elements. Of course, it is preferable that the side surfaces of the blade elements do not extend vertically upward from the circumferential surface of the shaft, but are inclined. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is therefore proposed that the side of each of the blade elements of the at least one three-leaf section of the worm shaft is at 1 ° to 60 ° relative to the cross section of the shaft, An angle α of preferably 2 ° to 40 °, particularly preferably 3 ° to 20 °, very particularly preferably 4 ° to 10 ° extends upwardly to the outer peripheral surface of the blade elements. Or, even if it is not desirable, not all of the blade elements, but at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% also have outwards from the circumferential surface of the shaft at the above angle Extended side.

Another object of the present invention is a section for a worm shaft having a shaft having a circular cross section, in which blade elements are arranged at a distance from each other and extending outward from a circumferential surface of the shaft, the The equal blade elements are arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft in three rows extending axially of the worm shaft, wherein at least one of the blade elements of one of the rows is different from one of the blade elements of one of the other rows. , And / or the blade element rows (viewed toward the section of the shaft) are irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft, and each row preferably includes a certain distance from each other. One, two, three or four blade elements arranged axially.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a casing of a stirring and kneading machine for a continuous preparation process, in which a hollow interior space is disposed in the casing, and in the hollow interior space, one of the above-mentioned worm shafts or a worm shaft is used. One or more said sections of the shaft extend at least partly in the axial direction, and on the inner circumferential surface of the housing, sockets for kneading elements are arranged, and the sockets extend to at least some sections to In the housing, the sockets are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the housing in at least three rows extending axially on at least one section of the inner circumferential surface of the housing.

Preferably, the jacks on the inner circumferential surface of the casing are arranged in two rows, three rows, four rows or six rows, preferably three rows, four rows or six rows, particularly preferably four rows or Six rows, preferably six rows extending axially on at least one section of the inner circumferential surface of the housing.

Further, it is preferable that the socket rows (viewed toward a cross section of the case) for the kneading element are irregularly distributed on the inner circumferential surface of the case.

According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is proposed that the inner circumferential surface of the casing has a circular cross section, and two adjacent rows of two on the inner circumferential surface of the casing when viewed toward the cross section of the casing. At least one of the angular distances between the sockets has a deviation from the value of 360 ° / n of at least 1 °, preferably at least 2.5 °, particularly preferably at least 5 °, and quite particularly preferably at least 10 °, And all angular distances between two jacks of adjacent rows have a deviation of at least 1 ° from the value of 360 ° / n, preferably at least 2.5 °, particularly preferably at least 5 °, and quite particularly preferably at least 10 °, n Number of rows of such jacks.

In another embodiment of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the kneading element is installed in three rows of the plurality of rows of jacks for the kneading element.

Another object of the present invention is a stirring and kneading machine for a continuous preparation process, which comprises the aforementioned casing. Continuous preparation procedures can be the production of polymer particles (for example, soft PVC, rigid PVC, PVC mixtures, chlorinated PVC or wood plastic composites (WPC)), polymer extrusion profiles, or polymer moldings; cables Preparation of compounds; production of coatings (powder coatings, toners, duo plastics); calender feed (e.g. PVC, PP, PET, TPE); viscous food (e.g. chewing gum composites) ) Production; anode pastes production and other applications.

10‧‧‧shell

12‧‧‧ worm shaft

14, 14'‧‧‧ half shell

16‧‧‧Shell

18‧‧‧ hollow interior space

20‧‧‧ shaft

22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ‧‧‧ blade elements

24‧‧‧ Kneading element / kneading bolt

28‧‧‧ Jack / drilling hole for kneading element

29, 29 ', 29 "‧‧‧ jack sockets (axially extending) for kneading elements

34, 34 ', 34 "‧‧‧ processing section

36‧‧‧Feeding Funnel

38‧‧‧Export

39, 39'‧‧‧ Improved straight section of lenticular blade element

40‧‧‧ (axially extending) blade element row

42‧‧‧ Side of blade element

100‧‧‧ Mixing and Kneading Machine

α‧‧‧ angular distance between the midpoints of the two blade elements on the circumferential surface of the shaft

β‧‧‧ angular distance between the midpoints of the two blade elements on the circumferential surface of the shaft

A‧‧‧ Axial distance between two adjacent blade elements in a row

B‧‧‧Width (the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element extends perpendicular to the length of the blade element)

L‧‧‧length (longest straight extension of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element)

M‧‧‧ Midpoint of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1a shows a schematic longitudinal section of the stirring and kneading machine; FIG. A perspective view of a shaft section of a worm shaft according to an embodiment; FIG. 2b shows a top view of the shaft section of the worm shaft shown in FIG. 2a; FIG. 2c shows a side view of the shaft section of the worm shaft shown in FIG. 2a; A perspective view showing a shaft section of a worm shaft according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3b shows an upper view of the shaft section of the worm shaft shown in FIG. 3a; FIG. 4a shows a worm shaft according to another embodiment of the present invention A perspective view of one of the shaft segments; FIG. 4b shows an upper view of the shaft segment of the worm shaft shown in FIG. 4a; and FIG. 5 shows a shaft of a shaft segment of a worm shaft with a blade element arranged thereon according to another embodiment of the present invention Surface treatment of the shell surface of the rod and kneading element protruding to the gap between the blade elements; FIG. 6 shows a casing surface of a shaft of a shaft section of a worm shaft on which the blade element is arranged according to another embodiment of the present invention Processing Projecting to the gap between kneading elements blade element.

The mixing and kneading machine shown in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and generally indicated by 100 includes a casing 10 and a worm shaft 12 disposed in the casing 10. The casing 10 comprises two half-shells 14, 14 ', which are lined on the inside with a so-called shell layer 16. Here, the shell 16 in this patent application is considered as a component of the housing 10. When the two half shells 14, 14 ′ are closed, the inner circumferential surface of the shell 10 defines a cylindrical hollow inner space 18 and thus an inner space 18 having a circular cross section. The worm shaft 12 includes a shaft 20, and blade elements 22 are arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft 20, and the blade elements 22 extend outward on the circumferential surface of the shaft 20, wherein the individual blade elements 22 are arranged at a certain distance from each other. In the two half-shells 14, 14 ', a socket 28 is provided for the kneading element 24 (ie, for kneading bolts, kneading blunt teeth, etc.). Here, each socket 28 is a bore 28 that extends from the inner circumferential surface of the shell 16 through the wall of the housing. The radially inward end portion of each of the insertion holes 28 may be configured into a square cross section, for example. Each of the kneading bolts 24 may have, for example, at its lower end an end portion in a square-shaped radially inner end of the square configuration that can be accurately mounted to the socket 28, and thus fixed in the rotation lock position in the socket 28 in the use state. The end of the kneading bolt 24 located in the insertion hole 28 is connected to a fixing element (not shown) used in the covering end of the insertion hole 28 by screw rotation. Alternatively, the kneading bolt 24 may have an internal thread for a screw, and thus may be fixed with a screw instead of the fixing element and the nut.

As shown particularly in Fig. 1b, viewed in the axial direction, the equidistant jacks 28 for the kneading bolts 24 extend in three rows 29, 29 ', 29 "to each of the two half-shells 14, 14' Among them, the total number of socket rows 29, 29 ', 29 "in the housing is six. It is understood that a row within the meaning of the present invention means that a connecting line is drawn in a straight line on a row of axially separated jacks 28 of 29, 29 ', 29 ". As shown in Figures 1a and 1b, the mixing and kneading machine 100 is axially subdivided into several machining sections 34, 34 ', 34 ", wherein each machining section 34, 34', 34" has the number of kneading bolts 24 and the number of blade elements 22 on the shaft 20 The scope and scope are suitable for the functions of the individual processing sections 34, 34 ', 34 ". As shown in FIG. 1 b, in the section 34 and the section 34 ″ of the upper half shell 14, there are two rows of the three rows 29, 29 ′, 29 ″ of the sockets 28 for kneading the bolts 24 (ie, The upper row 29 and the lower row 29 ") are provided with the kneading bolts 24, and the middle row 29 'is not provided with the kneading bolts 24. In contrast, three rows 29, 29 in the middle section 34' of the upper half shell 14 Of the 29 ', 29 "sockets 28 for the kneading bolts 24, one row (ie, the middle row 29') is equipped with the kneading bolts 24, while the upper and lower rows 29 and 29" are not provided with the kneading bolts 24 In the middle section 34 'of the lower half shell 14', two rows (ie, the upper and lower rows) are provided with kneading bolts, so that the middle section 34 'of the shell 10 has three rows of opposing The kneading bolt 24. The raw materials to be stirred are added to the kneading and kneading machine 100 through the feeding funnel 36, then guided through the processing sections 34, 34 ', 34 ", and finally discharged through the outlet 38. Instead of the depicted processing sections 34, 34 ', 34 ", the mixing and kneading machine 100 according to the present invention may also have more processing sections (especially four processing sections) or fewer processing sections (for example two Or a processing section).

According to the present invention, the worm shaft 12 for the stirring and kneading machine is designed such that the blade element 22 on the circumferential surface of the shaft 20 is at least in a section (such as shown in FIG. 1b) extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft 12. The middle processing section 34 ′) is configured in three rows extending axially toward the worm shaft 12, that is, the worm shaft 12 is designed as a double leaf in some sections, and at least one of the blade elements in one of these rows has blade elements. One is different from one of the blade elements of one of the other rows and / or these blade element rows (viewed towards the cross section of the shaft) are unevenly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft.

Such a three-lobed section of the worm shaft 12 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c. The blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv, and 22 ^{v are} disposed on the cylindrical shaft 20 of the worm shaft 12 and extend radially outward from the circumferential surface of the shaft 20. Here, The individual blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv, and 22 ^{v are} configured such that they have a modified biconvex outer circumferential surface in the upper view, where both ends of the outer circumferential surface (in the blade element's Longitudinal stretch viewed from above) is constructed in the form of edges and sides, with one side of each of the two opposite ends being a straight line 39, 39 '. The longitudinal extensions L of the blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv, and 22 ^v extend almost perpendicular to the length of the worm shaft 12. It is understood that the longitudinal extensions L are within one blade element 22, 22 ' , 22 ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^{v The} longest possible straight line between two different points on the circumferential surface (ie, in this case, the length L). All blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v have the same shape and same size. Individual blade elements 22, 22 ', 22", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v The ratio of the length L to the width B is about 8.5, where the width B is the longest straight line of the outer circumferential surface of the blade element 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v , which is perpendicular to the blade element 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v to extend the length L.

Here, the axially separated blade elements 22, 22 'are configured as an axially extending row 40, and the axially separated blade elements 22 ", 22'", and 22 ^iv , 22 ^{v are} configured as an axially extending row. 2a, 2b and 2c, when the connecting line drawn at the midpoint M of the outer circumferential surface of the blade elements 22, 22 'spaced axially apart is a straight line, there is a blade element according to the present invention An axially extending row 40 of 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v . The midpoint M of the blade elements 22, 22 ′ is here a point located in the middle of the length L of the blade elements 22, 22 ′. The ratio of the axial distance A of the adjacent blade elements 22, 22 'of the row 40 is approximately 5.5 in each case. Here, the width B of the blade element is as defined above, and the axial distance A between two axially adjacent blade elements 22, 22 'is the middle of the outer circumferential surface of the axially adjacent blade elements 22, 22'. The distance between points M. Looking at the cross section of the shaft 20, one of the three blade elements, the adjacent blade elements 22 in the circumferential direction of the shaft 20 are slightly axially displaced relative to the other two blade elements 22 ′ ″ and 22 ^iv. . All blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v respectively extend on the same outer angular section of 115 ° on the (outer) circumferential surface of the shaft 20 or the surface of the housing.

However, looking at the cross section of the shaft 20, the rows 40 of blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v are irregularly distributed on the outer circumferential surface defined by the shaft 20 On the circumference. The angular distance α of the midpoint M between the blade elements 22 ′ ″, 22 ^iv on the circumferential surface of the shaft 20 is 135 °, and the blade elements 22, 22 on the circumferential surface of the shaft 20 The angular distance β of the midpoint M between '''and the blade elements 22, 22 ^iv is 112.5 ° in each case.

3a and 3b show a three-lobed section of a worm shaft 12 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The outer circumferential surfaces of the blade elements 22, 22 'are configured in a modified biconvex shape as in the embodiment of Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c, while the other two rows of blade elements 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , The outer peripheral surfaces of 22 ^v have different equally modified biconvex shapes, wherein, however, the outer peripheral surfaces of the blade elements 22 ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v are more than those of the outer peripheral surfaces of the blade elements 22, 22'. wide, and 'having straight segments 39,39, 22 ^iv, 22 ^v, the two ends of the same side of the' in ',' blade member 2222.

4a and 4b show a three-lobed section of a worm shaft 12 according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention. The outer circumferential surfaces of the blade elements 22, 22 'are configured in a modified biconvex shape as in the embodiment of Figs. 2a, 2b and 2c, while the other two rows of blade elements 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , The outer circumferential surface of 22 ^v has a different, equally modified biconvex shape, wherein, however, the outer circumferential surface of the blade elements 22 ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v is wider than the outer circumferential surface of the blade elements 22, 22' The ends of the outer circumferential surface of the blade elements 22 ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v are arranged in a trapezoidal shape tapering toward the ends, and the blade elements 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv In 22, ^v , the two opposite ends of the side have straight line segments 39, 39 '.

Fig. 5 shows the housing of a shaft 20 of a shaft section of a worm shaft 12 with blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v disposed thereon according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention The surface is designed and extended to the kneading elements 24 in the spaces between the blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v . During the operation of the mixing and kneading machine, the worm shaft 12 rotates and simultaneously performs a forward and backward axial translation once per rotation. The kneading element 24 thus moves back and forth along the sides of the blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v , and also adjacent blade elements 22, 22 "in the circumferential direction of the shaft 20 Or in the space between 22 ", 22 ^iv . The outer circumferential surfaces of the blade elements 22, 22 ', 22", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v are in each case parallelograms, where however , four blade elements 22,22 ', 22 ^iv, 22 ^v than two blade elements 22', 22 '''long and wide.

FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of FIG. 5. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^{v are} also parallelograms, of which four blade elements 22, 22 ', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v is shorter and wider than the two blade elements 22 ", 22 '".

Claims (15)

A worm shaft (12) of a stirring and kneading machine (100) especially for a continuous preparation process, which has a shaft (20), and blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22 ''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ), the blade elements (22, 22', 22", 22 ''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are spaced from each other and from the shaft (20) The circumferential surface of the blade element extends outwardly, wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are at least in a section extending axially toward the worm shaft (12) On the circumferential surface of the shaft (20), three rows (40) are arranged to extend in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12), wherein the blade elements (22, 22) of one of the rows (40) At least one of ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) is different from the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22", 22''' of one of the other rows (40), 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) and / or the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) towards the shaft (20) Viewed in section, it is irregularly distributed over the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft (20). The worm shaft (12) of claim 1, wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ') of at least one of the rows (40) of the section (40) extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12). , 22 ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) at least one blade element i) than those blade elements (22, 22', 22 ", 22 'in one of the other two rows (40) '', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ), at least one other blade element of the blade element (22) on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) is short and / or narrow and / or ii) adjacent rows (40) , 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) The angular distance between the midpoints M on the outer circumferential surface is different from the angular distance between at least the other two rows (40). The worm shaft (12) of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of each row (40) of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12), Particularly preferably at least 95%, quite particularly preferably at least 99%, and most preferably all blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", ^22iv , ^22v ) are identical to each other. The worm shaft (12) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the length of the section of the worm shaft (12) extending towards the axial direction (wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22 ''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are arranged in three rows (40) towards the axial extension of the worm shaft (12) by at least 0.2D, preferably at least 5D, of the worm shaft (12), especially It is preferably at least 10D, and quite particularly preferably at least 25D. The worm shaft (12) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22 of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12) ''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) each has a longitudinal extension which is 45 ° to 135 °, preferably 60 ° to 120 ° with respect to the axial direction of the worm shaft (12), particularly It preferably extends from 70 ° to 110 °, and quite particularly preferably from 75 ° to 85 ° or 95 ° to 105 ° or an angle greater than 85 ° to less than 95 °. The worm shaft (12) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22 of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12) ''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and very preferably at least 90% in the upper view have an outer circumferential surface of the form selected from the group consisting of: parallel Quadrilateral, oval, oval, biconvex, modified oval, modified oval, modified biconvex and modified rectangle. As in the worm shaft (12) of claim 6, wherein all such blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) of a row (40) have the same shape, wherein the The shape of the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) in two of the three rows (40) is the same and different from the third row (40). The shape of the equal blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ). The worm shaft (12) of at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the blade elements (22) of the two rows of the three rows (40) of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft , 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are identical to each other and the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 of the third row (40) ^iv, 22 ^v) have the same or different from the other row (40) of such leaf elements (22,22 ', 22 ", 22 ''', 22 iv, 22 v) the shape, wherein a third row (40) Of these blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) than the other two rows of these blade elements (22, 22 ', 22", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) 1% to 25% long, short, narrow or wide, preferably 2% to 20%, particularly preferably 5% to 15%. The worm shaft (12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the blade elements of two of the three rows (40) of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12) (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are the same as each other and on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20), the blade elements of the two rows (40) ( 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) The angular distance α between the midpoints M of the outer circumferential surfaces is different from the other row on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) The angular distance between the midpoint M of the outer circumferential surface of and the midpoint M of the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rows. The worm shaft (12) according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the three on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) the at least one of the three sections of the worm shaft (12) extending axially The angular distance α between the midpoints M of the peripheral surfaces of the outer circumferential surfaces of the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v in two of the rows (40) is 124 ° To 146 °, preferably 130 ° to 140 °, particularly preferably 132 ° to 138 °, particularly preferably 133 ° to 137 °, quite particularly preferably 134 ° to 136 °, and most preferably about 135 °, and the angular distance between each point M of the outer circumferential surface of the other row on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) and each of the point M of the outer circumferential surfaces of the two rows (40) 102 ° to 123 °, particularly 107 ° to 118 °, particularly preferably 110 ° to 115 °, particularly preferably 111 ° to 114 °, quite particularly preferably 112 ° to 113 °, and most preferably About 112.5 °. The worm shaft (12) of at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the blades of the two rows of the three rows (40) of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12) Each of the elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) faces the cross section of the shaft (20) to see the same angular distance on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) Each of the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) of the other row (40) is on a shorter or longer angular section Extension, wherein the difference between the angular distances is preferably 1% to 20%, particularly preferably 5% to 15%. The worm shaft (12) of at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the blades of the two rows of the three rows (40) of the at least one section extending in the axial direction of the worm shaft (12) Each of the elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) is oriented toward the cross section of the shaft (20) to see 20 ° to 20 ° of the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) 175 °, preferably 45 ° to 175 °, particularly preferably 60 ° to 175 °, extending over an angular distance and the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22) of the other of the three rows (40) ", 22 '", 22 ^iv , 22 ^v ) each extend over an angular distance of 20 ° to 120 °, preferably 20 ° to 90 °. A section for a worm shaft (12), the worm shaft (12) having a shaft (20) with a circular cross section, wherein spaced-apart blade elements (13) extend outwardly from a circumferential surface of the shaft (20) 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ) are arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20), wherein the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''' , 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ) arranged on the circumferential surface of the shaft (20) in three rows (40) extending axially of the worm shaft (12), wherein one of the rows (40) of the At least one of the equal blade elements (22, 22 ', 22 ", 22'", 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ) is different from the blade elements (22, 22 ', 22) of one of the other rows (40) ", 22 '", 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ), and / or the rows of these blade elements (22, 22', 22 ", 22 ''', 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ) towards the axis The cross section of the rod (20) is viewed irregularly distributed on the circumference defined by the outer circumferential surface of the shaft (20), and wherein each row (40) preferably includes one or two axially spaced apart from each other. , Three or four blade elements (2, 22 ', 22 ", 22''', 2 ^iv , 22 ^v ).     A shell (10) of a stirring and kneading machine (100) for a continuous preparation process, in which a hollow inner space (18) is formed in the shell (10), in the hollow inner space (18), such as The worm shaft (12) of at least one of claims 1 to 22 or one or more sections for a worm shaft (12) as of claim 23 extend at least partially in the axial direction, and in which the housing (10 ), The sockets (28) for the kneading element (24) are arranged on the inner circumferential surface, and the sockets (28) extend at least partially into the housing (10), among which the sockets (28) On the inner circumferential surface of the casing (10), at least three rows (29, 29 ', 29 ") are arranged to extend axially on at least one section of the inner circumferential surface of the casing (10).         An agitating and kneading machine (100) for continuous production processes, for example, the production of polymer pellets, polymer extrusions, or polymer moldings, comprising a housing as claimed in claim 14.