TW201823438A - Burning apparatus and biomass fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a burning apparatus, in which a biomass fuel is introduced into a burning chamber to burn the biomass fuel, wherein a mixture obtained by mixing bamboo material with 20% by weight or more of bark is used as the biomass fuel.

Description

 Combustion device and biofuel  

The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus and a raw fuel, and in particular, a raw material used in a combustion apparatus is a bamboo material in which a bark is mixed.

Bamboo grows in large quantities and grows rapidly. In abandoned bamboo forests, bamboo spreads around and erodes the adjacent forests such as cedar and alfalfa, causing problems such as damage to the ecosystem.

Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increase in the number of felled bamboo forests, local governments, etc. However, the bamboo that has been felled has become industrial waste, and it requires a fee to be disposed of, and it is a burden on costs.

Therefore, attempts were made to use felled bamboo as a biomass fuel.

An example of a burning device that burns bamboo as a fuel is shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the bottom of the combustion chamber 1 is ventilated, and the bamboo material 21 as a raw fuel is held, and a grate 11 for dropping the incinerated ash is installed. The air sent out by the blower or the like of the unillustrated type is supplied into the combustion chamber 1 through the plurality of holes 11a of the grate 11 through the intake port 14.

An exhaust pipe 13 is provided above the combustion chamber 1, and the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 13 is utilized by a boiler or the like.

In the combustion chamber 1, an input port 12a for supplying raw fuel is provided, and the inlet port 12a is closed by a lid 12 in addition to the raw fuel.

The bamboo material 21 held on the grate 11 is ignited by an ignition device of the same type to burn the bamboo material 21. The ash produced by the combustion is dropped through the hole 11a of the grate 11.

However, the bamboo contains a bismuth (Si) component and a potassium (K) component, and when the bamboo is burned, a eutectic reaction of potassium oxide (K ₂ O) and cerium oxide (SiO ₂ ) in the bamboo ash occurs. The melting point of the substance produced by the eutectic reaction is as low as 800 ° C or less. In the combustion of bamboo, the inside of the combustion chamber 1 becomes a temperature of about 1000 ° C, and the substance produced by the eutectic is melted to produce a lava-like slag block (molten ash) X. In particular, bamboo has more potassium than other biomass, while potassium has more slag mass.

The generated slag block X is spread over the grate 11 to block the hole 11a of the grate 11, and an obstacle occurs in continuous combustion.

As described above, when the slag block X is generated, the inflow and discharge of the combustion air in the combustion chamber 1 are hindered, and the combustion cannot be continued. Further, in order to remove the generated slag block X, in addition to the work such as hammering, it is also problematic that the grate 11 or the like is damaged.

Here, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of modifying bamboo and removing potassium from bamboo as a fuel. In Patent Document 1, the bamboo is micronized to a particle diameter of 6 mm or less, and the micronized bamboo is immersed in water at normal pressure to dissolve potassium and chlorine, and potassium and chlorine are removed from the bamboo. Then, the bamboo immersed in water at normal pressure is dehydrated, and the dehydrated bamboo is used as a fuel.

According to the above Patent Document 1, it is possible to prevent the generation of slag blocks when used as a fuel by removing the potassium from the bamboo by modifying the bamboo. However, in order to modify the bamboo, the step of immersing in water and the step of dehydrating the bamboo are required until the operation step of preparing the fuel is increased, resulting in an increase in cost and the like.

 [Previous Technical Literature]    [Patent Literature]  

[Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2016-125030

An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion apparatus and a raw fuel which do not increase the cost and prevent the generation of a slag block.

In the combustion apparatus of the present invention, in order to solve the above problems, the raw fuel is introduced into the combustion chamber to burn the raw fuel, and the raw material is a bamboo material in which the bark is mixed. Then, the bark system may use a bark of a conifer or a broadleaf tree.

In the above combustion apparatus, the mixing ratio of the bamboo material of the raw fuel to the bark may be set so that the weight percentage of calcium oxide in the ash after combustion is greater than the weight percentage of potassium oxide. Then, it is preferred to mix 20% by weight or more of the above bark. When the mixing ratio of the bamboo material of the biomass fuel and the bark is set in this way, the melting point of the burning ash does not decrease, and the generation of the slag block can be prevented.

In the combustion apparatus described above, a grate for supplying air can be provided on the bottom surface of the combustion chamber.

Further, in the present invention, a biomass fuel as a fuel is used in the combustion apparatus, and the biomass fuel is a body in which a bark is mixed with a bamboo material.

The present invention provides a combustion apparatus for introducing a raw fuel into a combustion chamber to burn the raw fuel, wherein the raw fuel is mixed with a bark in a bamboo material, thereby preventing the slag block from being modified without performing bamboo. The producer of bamboo can make the continuous operation of the combustion chamber possible without increasing the cost.

1‧‧‧ combustion chamber

2‧‧‧Biomass fuel

21‧‧‧Bamboo materials

22‧‧‧ bark

11‧‧‧Flange

11a‧‧‧ hole

12‧‧‧ cover

12a‧‧‧ Input

13‧‧‧Exhaust pipe

14‧‧‧Intake port

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a state in which a slag block is produced in a combustion apparatus using a bamboo material as a conventional raw material fuel.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a combustion apparatus in which a bark is mixed with a bamboo material which is a biomass fuel of an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the ratio of the mixing ratio of bamboo material to bark to the metal oxide in the resulting ash.

Hereinafter, a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Moreover, the combustion apparatus of the present invention is not limited to those shown in the following embodiments. Modifications may be made as appropriate within the scope of the gist of the invention.

The inventors of the present invention have focused on the generation of a slag block generated during the burning of bamboo, and have experimentally investigated whether the generation of the slag block can be suppressed when the other raw materials are mixed in the bamboo.

As a raw material for raw materials, it is a bark of pine and eucalyptus. The bark becomes an industrial waste, and currently only the degree of composting of the bark is utilized, and the bark can be considered as a raw material fuel.

The bark contains a large amount of calcium, which produces calcium oxide (CaO) in the ash when the bark is burned. The inventors of the present invention found that when the calcium oxide (CaO) is present in the ash, even if the bamboo is burned to cause potassium oxide (K ₂ O) to be present in the ash, the melting point of the ash is not lowered, and the slag block can be prevented from being generated.

Therefore, in the present invention, a person who mixes bark in a bamboo material is used as a biomass fuel to burn in the combustion chamber 1. An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 2.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the same reference numerals will be given to the same parts, and the description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in Fig. 2, the combustion chamber 1 is provided with an input port 12a for supplying raw fuel, and the raw material fuel 2 for mixing the bark 22 in the bamboo material 21 is introduced from the input port 12a. Then, the biomass fuel 2 in which the bark 22 is mixed in the bamboo material 21 is burned. In Fig. 2, the bark 22 in the raw fuel 2 is painted as a black spot.

As described above, an appropriate amount of the bark 22 of the coniferous tree such as Chinese fir or eucalyptus is mixed in the bamboo material 21 to prevent the generation of the slag block. As a result, the hole 11a of the grate 11 is not blocked by the slag block, and the air for combustion can be supplied from the hole 11a of the grate 11, and continuous combustion can be continued. The bark 22 can also use the broad-leaved tree bark other than the conifer.

Further, the bamboo material can be directly cut into bamboo or formed into a chip shape, etc., and it is preferable to process it into a person who is easy to burn.

Table 1 shows the results of measuring the melting characteristics of the softening point, the melting point, and the melting point of the burning ash when the bamboo material is mixed with the bark and the mixing ratio thereof is changed in accordance with JIS M8801 "Measurement of the melting characteristic temperature of the ash". The ash was burned in three states of 30% by weight of bamboo material and 70% by weight of bark, 50% by weight of bamboo material and 50% by weight of bark, 80% by weight of bamboo material, and 20% by weight of bark. A test cone was produced using the ash, and heating was continuously performed in the furnace to measure the temperature at which the shape of the test cone was specifically changed. Here, the softening point is the temperature at which the apex portion of the test cone starts to melt and round, the melting point test cone is melted, the height becomes the temperature of 1/2 of the apparent bottom width, and the melt point melt flows on the support table. It becomes the temperature at the height of 1/3 of the height of the melting point.

As shown in Table 1, when the bark was mixed and burned in the bamboo material, the melting point was 1,250 ° C even in the combustion ash at a mixing ratio of 80% by weight of the bamboo material to 20% by weight of the bark. It can be seen that since the temperature in the combustion chamber 1 is about 1000 ° C, the combustion ash does not melt and the generation of the slag block can be prevented.

Next, when the bark is mixed in the bamboo material and the mixing ratio is changed to burn, the weight of the metal oxide such as potassium oxide (K ₂ O), calcium oxide (CaO), or cerium oxide (SiO ₂ ) is measured. The result of measuring the weight % ratio is shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, the black dots are cerium oxide (SiO ₂ ), the black triangles are potassium oxide (K ₂ O), and the black squares are calcium oxide (CaO).

As shown in Fig. 3, even if the mixing ratio of bamboo material to bark is changed, the ratio of cerium oxide (SiO ₂ ) does not change much. When the mixing ratio of bamboo material is increased, potassium oxide (K ₂ O) increases and calcium oxide ( CaO) is reduced. Then, until the bamboo material became 85% by weight and the bark became 15% by weight, the calcium oxide (CaO) in the ash was more than potassium oxide (K ₂ O). When there is a large amount of calcium oxide (CaO), the melting point of the ash is 1127 ° C or more, and no slag block is generated.

Therefore, the mixing ratio of the bamboo material 21 and the bark 22 in the raw fuel can be set such that the weight % of calcium oxide (CaO) in the burned ash is more than the weight % of potassium oxide (K ₂ O). .

As can be seen from Fig. 3, until the bamboo material 21 is 85% by weight and the bark 22 is 15% by weight, the calcium oxide (CaO) in the ash is more than the potassium oxide (K ₂ O), but the bamboo or bark is grown in nature. Since there are many kinds of calcium and potassium present in these, it is expected that the calcium oxide (CaO) in the ash is more than potassium oxide (K ₂ O), and it is expected to use 20% by weight or more of the mixture. The bark 22 and the biomass fuel 2 of the bamboo material 21 of 80% by weight or less.

Further, the bark is easily entangled, and only the bark is likely to form agglomerates and is difficult to be used as a fuel. If the bark 22 is mixed with the bamboo material 21, the entanglement between the bark 22 is suppressed by the bamboo material 21, and the formation of agglomerates can be suppressed. There is an advantage that it is easy to handle as the raw fuel 2 . In this way, a raw material fuel can be provided, and bamboo and bark of industrial waste that cannot be used can be utilized without generating a slag block without modifying the bamboo.

In the case where the grate 11 is provided on the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 1, when the mixed bamboo material 21 of the present invention and the biomass fuel 2 of the bark 22 are burned, the slag block is not generated, and combustion can be maintained. The supply of air, and the ash falls down from the hole 11a of the grate 11.

The combustion apparatus shown in Fig. 2 is provided with a furnace strip 11 for supplying air on the bottom surface of the combustion chamber 1, and supplies combustion air from the bottom, but the type of the combustion chamber is not limited thereto, and the present invention of various combustion chambers can be application.

Claims (6)

 A combustion apparatus is used to introduce a raw fuel into a combustion chamber to burn the raw fuel, and the raw fuel is used in a bamboo material in which bark is mixed.    The combustion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bark is a bark of a conifer or a broad-leaved tree.    The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bamboo material and the bark of the raw fuel are set in such a manner that the weight percentage of calcium oxide in the burned ash is greater than the weight percentage of potassium oxide. Mix ratio.    The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein 20% by weight or more of the bark is mixed.    The combustion apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a grate for supplying air is installed on a bottom surface of the combustion chamber.    A raw material fuel is a raw material fuel used as a fuel in a combustion apparatus, and the raw material fuel is a bark mixed with a bamboo material.