TW201816385A - Method for calculating wetland leakage - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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Abstract
Description
本發明關於濕地研究技術領域，尤其關於一種濕地滲漏量的計算方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of wetland research, in particular to a method for calculating the leakage of wetland.
濕地是水資源的有效賦存形式及持續補給者，其物理、生物、化學組成部分交互作用，在蓄水、調節徑流、補給地下水及維持區域水平衡中發揮著重要作用。濕地是陸地上的天然蓄水及補水庫，在輸水、儲水和供水方面發揮著巨大效益，在淡水循環中發揮著重大作用，能促進水資源的天然優化配置，有效地推動水資源的合理利用。濕地可增加大氣中的含水量，而大氣再以降雨的形式將空氣中的水分降回地表，形成的水流可以從濕地移至地下土層，來補給地下水。濕地補給地下水主要透過濕地水體滲漏過程實現，其滲漏量由兩部分組成：(1)垂直於基質產生的補給地下水的滲漏量，這部分直接補充地下水；(2)另一部分是側方向滲漏，除了部分滲漏過程中改變方向而補給地下水以外，還有部分透過側滲直接流出濕地，形成地下徑流。當地下水充足時，濕地水流向上移動變為地表水，以此來排出地下水，調節河川徑流，這樣就對地表水及地下水的天然 優化配置形成一個屏障作用，從而維持水的良性循環，促進水資源的可持續利用。 Wetlands are effective forms of water resources and continuous replenishers. Their physical, biological, and chemical components interact and play an important role in storing water, regulating runoff, recharging groundwater, and maintaining regional water balance. Wetlands are natural water storage and replenishment reservoirs on land. They play a huge role in water transportation, storage and water supply, and play a significant role in the freshwater cycle. They can promote the natural optimal allocation of water resources and effectively promote water resources. Reasonable use. Wetlands can increase the amount of water in the atmosphere, and the atmosphere reduces the moisture in the air back to the surface in the form of rainfall. The formed water stream can be moved from the wetland to the underground soil layer to supplement the groundwater. Wetland recharge groundwater is mainly realized through the wetland water leakage process, and its leakage is composed of two parts: (1) the leakage of recharged groundwater generated perpendicular to the matrix, this part directly supplements the groundwater; (2) the other part is In addition to side leakage, in addition to partly changing the direction to replenish groundwater during the leakage process, there are also partial outflows that directly flow out of the wetland through side leakage, forming underground runoff. When the groundwater is sufficient, the wetland water flow moves upwards to become surface water, so as to discharge the groundwater and regulate the river runoff. This forms a barrier to the natural optimal allocation of surface water and groundwater, thereby maintaining a virtuous cycle of water and promoting water Sustainable use of resources.
如何核算濕地滲漏，目前缺乏有效的方法，一般都是靠經驗值獲得，缺乏有效的實驗驗證。 How to account for wetland leakage is currently lack of effective methods, which are generally obtained through experience and lack of effective experimental verification.
為了彌補以上領域的不足，本發明提供了一種基於修正滲透係數的濕地滲漏量計算方法。 In order to make up for the shortcomings in the above fields, the present invention provides a wetland leakage calculation method based on a modified permeability coefficient.
本發明的目的是藉由以下方法實現：本發明提供一種濕地滲漏量的計算方法，包括如下步驟：(1)獲得不同基質的滲透係數：佈置監測點，用濕地滲漏測量裝置野外監測不同濕地類型中不同基質的單位時間單位面積的平均滲漏量，即得到不同基質的滲透係數；(2)確定濕地不同基質面積參數：透過運用ArcGIS軟體將濕地邊界與濕地土壤質地圖進行疊加獲得濕地不同基質面積參數；(3)計算濕地滲漏量：採用公式(1)計算濕地滲漏量：
式中，W b為濕地滲漏量，k為不同基質的滲透係數，I為水力坡度，A為每種濕地分佈的第i個基質面積，n為基質塊總數，T為計算時段長度。 In the formula, W b is the wetland leakage, k is the permeability coefficient of different substrates, I is the hydraulic gradient, A is the i- th matrix area of each wetland distribution, n is the total number of matrix blocks, and T is the length of the calculation period. .
前述步驟(1)中所記載之佈置監測點的方法為：濕地面積小於1公頃，取不少於3個採樣點；或濕地面積為1~3公頃，取不少於10個採樣點；或濕地面積大於3公頃，取不少於15個採樣點。 The method of arranging monitoring points described in the foregoing step (1) is: the wetland area is less than 1 hectare, taking no less than 3 sampling points; or the wetland area is 1-3 hectares, taking no less than 10 sampling points ; Or wetland area greater than 3 hectares, take no less than 15 sampling points.
前述步驟(1)中所記載之佈置監測點的方法為：根據濕地面積大小、採樣點數、地勢、地形、沉水植物覆蓋率來確定，分對角線、棋盤式或蛇形布點方法，各布點方法及適用情況見下表。 The method of arranging monitoring points described in the foregoing step (1) is determined according to the size of the wetland area, the number of sampling points, the terrain, the terrain, and the coverage of submerged plants, and the method is divided into diagonal lines, checkerboards, or snake-shaped points. See the table below for the layout method and application.
前述步驟(1)中所記載之野外監測的持續時間不小於24小時；對於黏土不少於48小時。 The duration of the field monitoring described in step (1) above is not less than 24 hours; for clay, it is not less than 48 hours.
前述的方法在計算濕地滲漏量中的應用也屬於本發明的保護範圍。 The application of the foregoing method in calculating the leakage of wetland also belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
藉由表1及表2的比較來看，利用本發明的方法監測得到的滲透係數，與經驗值提供的不同岩性滲透係數的規律相同，說明利用本發明的方法來監測不用基質的滲透係數具有很好的可靠性、可操作性及可重複性。 According to the comparison between Tables 1 and 2, the permeability coefficients monitored by the method of the present invention are the same as the rules of different lithological permeability coefficients provided by empirical values, which shows that the method of the present invention is used to monitor the permeability coefficient without a substrate Has good reliability, operability and repeatability.
本發明的方法改進了傳統依靠經驗參數計算濕地滲漏量方法，透過野外監測修正經驗參數，達到準確計算目的。 The method of the invention improves the traditional method of calculating wetland leakage based on empirical parameters, and corrects empirical parameters through field monitoring to achieve accurate calculation purposes.
【圖1】為濕地滲漏量計算方法路線；【圖2】不同監測法示意圖；【圖3】為北京代表性濕地類型補給地下水量餅狀圖。 [Figure 1] is the calculation method course of wetland leakage; [Figure 2] is a schematic diagram of different monitoring methods; [Figure 3] is a pie chart of groundwater recharge for representative wetland types in Beijing.
實施例1、北京市濕地滲漏量計算方法 Example 1. Calculation method of Beijing wetland leakage
濕地滲漏量計算方法路線如圖1所示。 The calculation method of wetland leakage is shown in Figure 1.
一、獲得修正滲透係數 First, get the modified permeability coefficient
通常濕地滲漏量計算方法所採用的滲透係數取自於經驗值，見表1。由於不同區域不同類型濕地其基質不同，往往造成運用經驗值計算的濕地滲漏量誤差較大，為此利用滲漏儀(「一種簡易濕地滲漏快速測量裝置」，專利申請號201520169928.2)監測不同濕地類型(如：河流濕地、庫塘濕地、沼澤濕地及灌溉地)中不同基質(黏土、亞黏土、亞砂土和粉砂)的單位 時間單位面積的滲漏量，得到不同基質的滲透係數，即得到我們需要的修正滲透係數(表2)，可以有效解決誤差較大問題。 In general, the permeability coefficient used in the wetland leakage calculation method is taken from empirical values, as shown in Table 1. Due to the different substrates of different types of wetlands in different regions, the error of wetland leakage calculated using empirical values is often large. To this end, a leak meter ("a simple and rapid wetland leakage measurement device" is used, patent application number 201520169928.2 ) Monitoring the amount of leakage per unit time and area of different substrates (clay, subclay, subsoil, and silt) in different wetland types (such as river wetlands, reservoir pond wetlands, marsh wetlands, and irrigated land) To obtain the permeability coefficients of different substrates, that is, to obtain the modified permeability coefficients we need (Table 2), it can effectively solve the problem of large errors.
(表1中經驗值的出處：車振海。試論土壤滲透係數的經驗公式和曲線圖。東北水利水電。1995,9(135)：17-19。) (The source of the empirical values in Table 1: Che Zhenhai. On the empirical formula and graph of soil permeability coefficient. Northeast Water Resources and Hydropower. 1995, 9 (135): 17-19.)
對不同基質的滲漏係數監測流程，包括： Process for monitoring the leakage coefficient of different substrates, including:
(1)首先進行監測點佈置如下：監測點佈置規則：一般濕地面積小於1公頃，其利用滲漏儀監測濕地滲漏係數需要取不少於3個採樣點；1~3公頃，不少於10個採樣點；大於3公頃，不少於15個採樣點。監測點設計原則是分佈均勻，不能過於集中，要避開濕地邊緣地帶、沉水植物覆蓋率、混凝土結構或者鋪裝防滲膜等特殊部位。根據濕地面積大小、沉水植物覆蓋率、地形地勢、基底情況等因素來確定，分對角線、棋盤式和蛇形等三種方法，各布點法適用情況和布點示意圖見 表3和圖2。 (1) First of all, the monitoring point layout is as follows: The monitoring point layout rule is: generally, the wetland area is less than 1 hectare, and its leakage coefficient for monitoring the wetland leakage coefficient needs to take no less than 3 sampling points; 1-3 hectares, not Less than 10 sampling points; greater than 3 hectares and no less than 15 sampling points. The design principle of monitoring points is to be evenly distributed and not to be too concentrated. Avoid special areas such as wetland margins, submerged plant coverage, concrete structures or impermeable membranes. It is determined according to factors such as the size of the wetland area, the coverage of submerged plants, the terrain, the basement, and other factors. There are three methods: diagonal, checkerboard, and serpentine. The application and layout of each point method are shown in Table 3 and Figure 2. .
(2)監測滲透係數：然後利用滲漏儀(實用新型專利「一種簡易濕地滲漏快速測量裝置」，專利申請號201520169928.2)連續監測不同濕地類型(河流濕地、庫塘濕地、沼澤濕地及灌溉地)中不同基質(黏土、亞黏土、亞砂土及粉砂)的單位時間單位面積的滲漏量，其持續時間一般不小於24小時，對於黏土不少於48小時。每個監測點需要持續獲得三個數據方可停止監測，然後計算其三個數據的平均值得到滲透係數(見表2)。 (2) Monitoring the permeability coefficient: Then use a leak meter (utility model patent "a simple wetland leakage rapid measurement device", patent application number 201520169928.2) to continuously monitor different wetland types (river wetland, reservoir pond wetland, marsh Wetland and irrigated land) leakage from different substrates (clay, subclay, subsoil, and silt) per unit time per unit area, the duration is generally not less than 24 hours, and for clay is not less than 48 hours. Each monitoring point needs to continuously obtain three data to stop monitoring, and then calculate the average value of the three data to obtain the permeability coefficient (see Table 2).
二、確定濕地不同基質面積 Determine the different substrate areas of the wetland
濕地不同基質面積透過運用ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3軟體(Esri中國信息技術有限公司，ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3)將濕地邊界與濕地土壤質地圖進行疊加獲得濕地不同基質面積參數。 The different substrate areas of wetlands were obtained by overlaying wetland boundary and wetland soil quality maps by using ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3 software (Esri China Information Technology Co., Ltd., ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3).
以北京地區為例，按照上述方法獲得的北京地區濕地不同基質面積如下：其結果見表4。 Taking the Beijing area as an example, the different matrix areas of the wetlands in Beijing area obtained according to the above method are as follows: The results are shown in Table 4.
表4北京地區不同類型濕地不同基質面積 Table 4 Different matrix areas of different types of wetlands in Beijing
三、計算不同基質濕地滲漏量： 3. Calculate the leakage of wetlands in different substrates:
獲得修正的滲透係數後，濕地滲漏量採用公式(1)進行估算。濕地滲漏量估算公式如下：
式中，W b為濕地滲漏量(立方米)，k為修正滲透係數，I為水力坡度(我們在計算濕地滲漏量時假定濕地水面底部是平坦的，此時I可以取恒值1)，A為每種濕地分佈的第i個基質面積(平方米)，n為基質塊總數，T為計算時段長度(T指一年中有液態水的天數，單位為天)。 In the formula, W b is the wetland leakage (cubic meters), k is the modified permeability coefficient, and I is the hydraulic gradient (we assume that the bottom of the wetland water surface is flat when calculating the wetland leakage, at this time I can be taken as Constant value 1), A is the i- th matrix area (m2) of each wetland distribution, n is the total number of matrix blocks, and T is the length of the calculation period ( T refers to the number of days with liquid water in a year, the unit is day) .
以北京地區為例：北京地區不同基質濕地滲漏量採用公式(1)進行估算。濕地滲漏量估算公式如下：
式中，W b為北京地區不同基質濕地滲漏量(立方米)，k為修正滲透係 數(見表2)，I為水力坡度(I取恒值1)，A為北京市分佈的每種濕地分佈的第i個基質面積(平方米)(見表4)，n為基質塊總數(n值為4，表示北京市濕地共有4種基質類型)，T為計算時段長度(260天)。 In the formula, W b is the leakage amount (cubic meters) of wetlands in different matrices in Beijing, k is the modified permeability coefficient (see Table 2), I is the hydraulic slope ( I is a constant value of 1), and A is each The i- th matrix area (m 2) of a wetland distribution (see Table 4), n is the total number of matrix blocks (n is 4, which means there are 4 types of matrix in Beijing wetland), T is the length of the calculation period (260 day).
不同濕地類型滲漏量計算結果見表6和圖3。 See Table 6 and Figure 3 for the calculation results of the leakage of different wetland types.
經過修正後核算，北京市濕地滲漏總量約為5.035億m3。核算結果表明，庫塘濕地補給地下水量最大，約為3.41億m3，沼澤濕地次之1.92億m3，而河流濕地補給地下水量最小，僅為0.06億m3。而採用經驗值計算得出每年滲漏13.80億m3，顯然與事實不符，因此採用修正係數法計算更符合實際，更科學準確。 After correction, the total amount of wetland leakage in Beijing is about 503.5 million m 3 . The calculation results show that the Kutang wetland recharges the largest amount of groundwater, about 341 million m 3 , followed by the swamp wetland, which is 192 million m 3 , and the river wetland recharges the smallest amount of groundwater, only 106 million m 3 . The empirical value calculation shows that the annual leakage of 1.380 billion m 3 is obviously inconsistent with the facts. Therefore, the calculation using the modified coefficient method is more in line with reality and more scientific and accurate.
表6濕地滲漏量計算結果比較 Table 6 Comparison of calculation results of wetland leakage
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| CN114544455A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-27 | 北京北华中清环境工程技术有限公司 | Undercurrent artificial wetland blocking positioning and blocking degree judging method |
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| US8252182B1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2012-08-28 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Subsurface upflow wetland system for nutrient and pathogen removal in wastewater treatment systems |
| CN102661768A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Wetland leakage measuring device |
| CN103214095A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Indoor minitype full-automatic subsurface wetland simulation test device |
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