AU2017100049A4 - A method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland - Google Patents
A method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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Abstract
H:\sxd\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060 1.doc-12/01/2017 Abstract The invention discloses a method for calculation seepage quantity of the wetland. The method provided by the invention includes the following steps: 5 (1) Obtaining the Permeability coefficient of different substrates: arranging the monitoring points, monitoring seepage quantity per unit area and per unit time of different types of wetlands by using the wetland seepage quantity measuring devices to obtain permeability coefficient. (2) Determining the area parameters of different wetland substrates: Wetland boundary 10 and a wetland soil texture chart were overlaid by using ArcGIS software to obtain the area parameters of different wetland substrates. (3) Calculating the wetland seepage quantity : Using formula (1) to calculate wetland seepage quantity. The method of the invention improves the traditional calculation method of the wetland seepage quantity by using means of empirical parameters. Field 15 monitoring which can correct experience parameters is designed to achieve accurate calculation purposes. H:\sxd\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060 1doc-12/01/2017 Dleterminant matrix area of weiand 15 Fig 1 Diagonal method Cekerboard method Snakelike method Fig 2 Fig 3
Description
H:\sxd\lnterwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 - 1 - A Method for Calculating Seepage Quantity of the Wetland Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of wetland research, and particularly, to a 5 method of calculating wetland seepage quantity.
Background technology
Wetland is an effective storage media of water resources and sustainable supplier, its physical, biological, chemical components interact together to play an important role in 10 water storage, streamflow regulation, groundwater recharge and maintaining regional water balance. Wetland is natural water storage and replenishment reservoir on the land. It creates enormous benefits in water delivery, storage and water supply and also plays an important role in the fresh water cycle. It can promote the natural optimization allocation of water resources and effectively promote the reasonable use of water resources. 15 Wetlands can increase the water content of the atmosphere, while the atmosphere will give the water back to the surface in the form of rain. The formation of water can be moved from the wetlands to the subsurface soil to supply groundwater. Wetland recharge groundwater mainly through wetland water seepage process, the seepage amount consists of two parts:(l) the produced seepage which perpendicularly to the substrate directly 20 replenishes the groundwater.(2)another part is lateral seepage. In addition to part of the lateral seepage changing directions to replenish the groundwater, there is some seepage flowing out of the wetland forming subsurface runoff. When groundwater is abundant, water which stored in wetland moves up into surface water, then groundwater discharges to adjust runoffs. Thus, the natural optimal allocation of surface water and groundwater 25 have a barrier effect, so as to maintain the benign circulation of water, promote the sustainable utilization of water resources. H:\sxd\lnterwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\ 12742060_ l.doc-12/01/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 -2-
So far we are lack of effective methods to calculate wetland seepage quantity which always depend on experience value before and lack effective experimental verification.
Contents of the invention 5 In order to make up for the deficiency in the field above, the present invention provides a method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland based on the modified permeability coefficient.
The object of the present invention is achieved by: 10 This invention provides a method for calculating wetland seepage quantity comprises the following steps: (1) Obtaining the Permeability coefficient of different substrates: after arranging the monitoring points, the seepage quantity per unit area and per unit time of different types of wetlands was monitored by using the wetland seepage quantity 15 measuring devices to obtain permeability coefficient. (2) Determining the area parameters of different wetland substrates:
Wetland boundary and a wetland soil texture chart were overlaid by using ArcGIS software to obtain the area parameters of different wetland substrates. (3 ) Calculating the wetland seepage quantity: 20 Using formula (1) to calculate wetland seepage quantity. % =kxIxTx£4 (1) i=l
In this formula, W\, is wetland seepage quantity, k is permeability coefficient of different 25 substrates, I is hydraulic slope, A is the area of the rth substrate of each wetland, n is the total number of substrates, and T is the length of time period. H:\sxd\Jnterwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 -3 -
The method of arranging the monitoring points in the step (1) is as follows:
The area of wetlands which less than 1 hectare, take not less than 3 sampling points;
The area of wetlands which between 1 to 3 hectares, take not less than 10 sampling points; 5 The area of wetlands which more than 3 hectares, take not less than 15 sampling points.
The method of arranging the monitoring points in the step (1) is as follows:
Considering the size of wetlands, the number of sampling points, terrain, topography and the coverage of submerged plants, there are three methods for choose: diagonal type, 10 checkerboard or snakelike layout method. The distribution of points and the application conditions are in the table below:
Layout method Area size Quantity of Sampling point Terra in Topography submerged vegetation coverage diagonal type area<lhm2 Not less flat rectangle homogeneous than 3 checkerboard l<area<3 Not less Relat Oval Relatively homogeneous hm2 than 10 ively flat Snakelike area>3 hm2 Not less Not Irregular Not homogeneous than 15 flat shape
The duration of the field monitoring in the step (1) is not less than 24 hours and not less than 48 hours for the clay.
The application in the calculation wetland seepage quantity by using this method is also included in the scope of protection. H:\sxd\Interwoven\NRP£>rtbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.di>c-12/D 1/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 -4-
Comparing table 1 with table 2, the permeability coefficients monitored by the method is of the same rule with lithology permeability coefficients based on empirical parameter, indicating that the method used to monitor the permeability coefficients of different 5 substrates has good reliability, maneuverability and repeatability.
The method of the invention improves the traditional wetland seepage quantity calculating method by using means of empirical parameters. Field monitoring which can correct experience parameters is designed to achieve accurate calculation. 10
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig 1 is the route of the wetland seepage quantity calculation method.
Fig 2 is a figure of different monitoring methods.
Fig 3 is a pie chart showing the groundwater volume supplied by Beijing typical types of 15 wetland.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Example 1: The calculation method of wetland seepage quantity applied in Beijing Wetlands 20
The route of wetland seepage quantity calculation method is shown in Fig 1.
Step I. Obtain the correction permeability coefficient
Generally, the permeability coefficient of wetland seepage quantity calculation method is taken from the empirical value(see table l).It is because substrates from different types of 25 wetland in different areas are vary, which leads to big error in calculating wetland seepage quantity based on empirical value. So that a seepage instrument (a simple wetland seepage quantity fast measuring device which application number is 201520169928.2) is used to monitor seepage quantity per unit area and per unit time of 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 H:\sxd\InterwovenVNEPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 -5- different substrates (clay, loam, sandy loam, and silt) from different types of wetlands (like riverine wetland, lake and pond wetland, marsh wetland, irrigated land) to obtain permeability coefficients which is the correction coefficient (see fig 2) needed. In this way, accuracy can be improved.
Table 1 Empirical values of different lithologic permeability coefficients in Beijing wetland distribution
Soil type Permeability coefficient k (m/s) Soil type Permeability coefficient k (m/s) Soil type Hydraulic conductivity k (m/s) Clay lxlO'11 ~5xl0'9 Silt 9χ10'7~5χΙ0^ Cobble 10'3~5x10'3 Loam lxlO'9 ~2xf0"5 Fine sand 9x10'7~6x10'3 — — Sandy loam 2xf0"7 ~2xf0"4 Medium-sized sand C/i X o -fc*. o — — (The source of the Empirical values in table 1: Zhenhai Che, Discussion on experimental 10 formula and curve graphs of soil permeability coefficient
Water Resources & Hydropower of Northeast China 1995, 9(135): 17-19.) 2017100049 13 Jan 2017
Hr\sxd\lnterwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.di>c-12/Dl/2017 -6-
Table 2 Revised empirical values of different lithologic permeability coefficients in Beijing wetland distribution monitored by a seepage instrument (m/s) Permeability Permeability Permeability Soil type coefficient Soil type coefficient Soil type coefficient k (m/s) k (m/s) k (m/s) Clay 5xl0y Silt 2xl0“5 Cobble 5xl0“3 Loam 4xl0“8 Fine sand 5xl0“5 — — Sandy loam 2X10"6 Medium-sized sand 2x10^ — —
The monitoring process of permeability coefficients of different substrates includes 5 following steps: 1. Arrange the monitoring points:
The area of wetlands which less than 1 hectare, take not less than 3 sampling points;
The area of wetlands which between 1 to 3 hectares, take not less than 10 sampling points; 10 The area of wetlands which more than 3 hectares, take not less than 15 sampling points.
The principle of arranging the monitoring point is to arrange uniformly, not to centralize the points. Special parts like the edges of the wetlands, submerge plant coverage area, concrete structure and impermeable membrane etc. should be avoided when arranging the points. 15 Considering the size of wetlands, the number of sampling points, terrain, topography and the coverage of submerged plants, there are three methods for choose: diagonal type, checkerboard or snakelike layout method. The distribution of points and the application conditions are in the Table 3 and Fig 2.: 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 H:\sxd\lnterwoven\NRPortbl\DCGSXD\12742060_ l.doc-12/ϋ1/2017 -7-
Table 3 the requirement of different monitoring methods Layout method Area size Quantity of Sampling point Terra in Topography submerged vegetation coverage diagonal type area<lhm2 Not less flat rectangle homogeneous than 3 checkerboard l<area<3 Not less Relat Oval Relatively homogeneous hm2 than 10 ively flat Snakelike area>3 hm2 Not less Not Irregular Not homogeneous than 15 flat shape (2) Monitor the permeability coefficient:
The seepage instrument (a simple wetland seepage quantity fast measuring device which application number is 201520169928.2) is used to constantly monitor seepage quantity 5 amount per unit area and per unit time of different substrates( clay, loam, sandy loam, and silt) from different types of wetlands (like riverine wetland, lake and pond wetland, marsh wetland, irrigated land) to obtain permeability coefficient. The duration is not less than 24 hours while it is not less than 48 hours for clay. Each monitoring point needs to continuously monitor until collects three data, and then calculate the average of the three 10 data to obtain the permeability coefficient (see Table 2).
Step II. Determine the area of different wetland substrates
Wetland boundary and a wetland soil texture chart were overlaid by using ArcGIS for Desktop 10.3 (Esri China Information Technology Co., Ltd.) to obtain the area 15 parameters of different wetland substrates.
Taking the Beijing area as an example, the area of different wetland substrates obtained in accordance with the above method is as follows. The results are shown in Table 4. 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 H:\sxd\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\l 2742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 -8-
Table 4 The area of different wetland substrates in Beijing Area Area Substrate Corrected permeability coefficient (m/day) Area of different substrates of k riverine wetland A (hm2) Area of different substrates of lake and pond wetland A (hm2) of different substrates of marsh wetland A (hm2) of different substrates of irrigated wetland A (hm2) Clay area 0.001 1302.2200 19602.1100 20012.1100 2200.2122 Loam area 0.020 20.8600 2154.7000 1048.3600 291.0400 Sandy loam 0.030 0 826.6500 533.9300 11.4660 area Silt area 0.200 0 68.0000 0 0 Summation - 1323.08 22651.46 21594.4000 2502.7182
Step III. Calculate the wetland seepage quantity of different substrates The wetland seepage quantity is calculated with formula (1) after the permeability 5 coefficient is obtained. The estimation formula used to calculate wetland seepage quantity is as follows:
Wb =£χ7χΓχ jfq /=1 (1) 10 In this formula, W\> is wetland seepage quantity, k is corrected Permeability coefficient, / is hydraulic slope(assuming that the bottom of the wetland surface is flat when calculating, 1=1) , is the area of the z'th substrate of each wetland, n is the total number of substrates, and T is the length of time. (T refers to the number of days when there are liquid water in an year, unit is day) 15 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 H:\sxd\InterwovenVNEPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 -9-
Taking Beijing area as an example:
The wetland seepage quantity of different substrates in Beijing is calculated with formula (1). The formula is as follows: r^kxIxTxf/, a) i=l 5
In this formula, W\> is wetland seepage quantity(cubic meter) of wetland with different substrates in Beijing, k is corrected Permeability coefficient (see table 2), / is hydraulic slope(/=l) , /1(see table 4) is the area(square meter) of each wetland substrate, n is the total number of substrates(The value of n is 4, which means there are 4 types of substrate 10 in Beijing wetlands), and T is the length of time period (260 days).
The calculation result of seepage quantity of different types of wetlands is shown in Table 6 and Fig 3. 15 After correction, the total wetland seepage quantity in Beijing is about 503.5 million m3. The result shows that lake and pond wetlands supply for the groundwater the most, about 341 million m3, and the second is marsh wetland, 192 million m3, while the least one, riverine wetland is only 6 million m3. 20 While the calculation results based on empirical value is 1.38 billion m3, which is obviously not in line with the facts. Therefore, it is more realistic, more scientific and accurate to calculate using coefficient correction method. H:\sxd\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 - 10-
Table 5 Calculation results of wetland seepage quantity based on empirical value Permeability Substrate coefficient (Uncorrected, empirical value, mm/s) Riverrine wetland (m3) Lake and pond wetland (m3) Marsh wetland (m3) Irrigated wetland (m3) Clay lx 10'11 877.5921024 13210.25397 13486.56 1482.767 Loam lxlO-9 28115.9424 2904190.848 1413022 392275.4 Sandy loam 2xl0“7 0 334257580.8 216000000 0 Silt 9xl0“7 0 824878080 0 0 Subtotal 28993.5345 1162053062 217000000 393758.1 Summation (hundred 13.80 {Zi m3 million m3) H:\sxdVlnterwovenVNEPortbl\DCC\SXD\12742060_l.doc-12/01/2017 2017100049 13 Jan 2017 - 11 -
Table 6 Comparison of calculation results of wetland seepage quantity Substrate Corrected permeability coefficient (mm/s) Riverine wetland (m3) Lake and pond wetland (m3) Marsh wetland (m3) Irrigated wetland (m3) Clay 5xl0-8 4387960.512 66051269.86 67432806 7413835 Loam 4xl0-7 1405797.12 145209542.4 70651077 19613768 Sandy loam 2xl0"5 0 83564395.2 53973916 0 Silt 2xl0"4 0 45826560 0 0 Subtotal 5793757.632 340651767.5 192000000 27027603 Summation (hundred 5.035 billion m3)
Claims (5)
- Claims1. A method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland comprises the following steps: (1) Obtaining the Permeability coefficient of different substrates: after arranging the monitoring points, the seepage quantity per unit area and per unit time of different types of wetlands was monitored by using the wetland seepage quantity measuring devices to obtain permeability coefficient. (2) Determining the area parameters of different wetland substrates: Wetland boundary and a wetland soil texture chart were overlaid by using ArcGIS software to obtain the area parameters of different wetland substrates. (3 ) Calculating the wetland seepage quantity Using formula (1) to calculate wetland seepage quantity(1) In this formula, Wb is wetland seepage quantity, k is permeability coefficient of different substrates, / is hydraulic slope, A is the area of the z'th substrate of each wetland, n is the total number of substrates, and T is the length of time period.
- 2. The method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland according to claim 1: The method of arranging the monitoring points in the step (1) is as follows: The area of wetlands less than 1 hectare, take not less than 3 sampling points; The area of wetlands h between 1 to 3 hectares, take not less than 10 sampling points; The area of wetlands more than 3 hectares, take not less than 15 sampling points.
- 3. The method for calculating seepage quantity of the wetland according to claim 2: The method of arranging the monitoring points in the step (1) is as follows: Considering the size of wetlands, the number of sampling points, terrain, topography and the coverage of submerged plants, there are three methods for choose: diagonal type, checkerboard or snakelike layout method. The distribution of points and the application conditions are in the table below:
- 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duration of the field monitoring in the step (1) is not less than 24 hours and not less than 48 hours for the clay.
- 5. The application of the method of any one from claim 1 to 4 in the calculation of wetland seepage quantity. The application in calculating wetland seepage quantity amount by using any method of 1 to 4 of the claims.
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| CN201610908137.6A CN106501148A (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2016-10-18 | A kind of computational methods of wetland leakage |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110389097A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-29 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of field portable wetland soil leaking equipment in situ |
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| CN114544455A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-27 | 北京北华中清环境工程技术有限公司 | Undercurrent artificial wetland blocking positioning and blocking degree judging method |
| CN115527125A (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2022-12-27 | 中国农业大学 | Farmland leakage estimation method based on satellite observation and deep neural network |
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| CN201242521Y (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2009-05-20 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Apparatus for measuring soil pervasion parameter |
| US8252182B1 (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2012-08-28 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Subsurface upflow wetland system for nutrient and pathogen removal in wastewater treatment systems |
| CN102661768A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Wetland leakage measuring device |
| CN103214095A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-07-24 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Indoor minitype full-automatic subsurface wetland simulation test device |
| CN104677801A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-03 | 西安理工大学 | Soil infiltration parameter and ground roughness measuring method |
| CN105527212A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-04-27 | 滨州学院 | Adjustable penetration method liquid positioning and monitoring simulation experiment device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110389097A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2019-10-29 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of field portable wetland soil leaking equipment in situ |
| CN110389097B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2021-05-14 | 北京师范大学 | Portable wetland soil seepage appearance of open-air normal position |
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| TWI628427B (en) | 2018-07-01 |
| TW201816385A (en) | 2018-05-01 |
| CN106501148A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
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