CN111999228A - Urban new area infiltration measuring and calculating method - Google Patents
Urban new area infiltration measuring and calculating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999228A CN111999228A CN202010836936.3A CN202010836936A CN111999228A CN 111999228 A CN111999228 A CN 111999228A CN 202010836936 A CN202010836936 A CN 202010836936A CN 111999228 A CN111999228 A CN 111999228A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
A method for measuring and calculating infiltration in a new urban area belongs to the technical field of rainfall flood management. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out measuring point spatial arrangement according to the planned new area underlying surface distribution; 2) a device for measuring the infiltration amount is arranged at each measuring point; 3) monitoring the infiltration capacity and rainfall capacity of each measuring point, and collecting rainfall capacity, output capacity and infiltration capacity data of the previous year of construction; and calculating the infiltration rate, and carrying out distributed underpad surface lower body rate assignment on the planning space so as to plan the layout of the rainfall flood drain pipes in each region. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, providing a new method for measuring and calculating infiltration rate of a new urban area; and 2, evaluating the calculation result of the method to perform distributed underlay surface infiltration characteristic assignment of the new area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating infiltration coefficient of a new urban area, belongs to the technical field of rainfall flood management, and particularly relates to a method for measuring infiltration coefficient of a new urban area by taking low-influence development as a target.
Background
The construction of the new urban area utilizes the measures of 'stagnation' and 'storage' of sponge cities, reduces the runoff of the surface of the earth, relieves the pressure of urban waterlogging, and realizes the runoff control by buffering the change of rainfall. In fact, it is not appropriate for the design of new urban areas to adopt the total annual runoff control rate as a planning control standard. A large number of urban inland inundation phenomena can be seen, the core of urban inland inundation prevention is the design standard of single rainfall, and the runoff formed under the rainfall is only suitable as a planning control standard.
The urban infiltration capacity under the condition of single rainfall design standard is an important measurement index of the sponge city.
The infiltration capacity of a new urban area is a parameter reflecting the relationship between rainfall and runoff, and is a dynamic variable which is continuously changed in the rainfall process. The net rainfall minus the infiltration is the runoff. The infiltration amount is influenced by factors such as the type and gradient of the underlying surface, and is also related to the rainfall type, the duration of rainfall and the rainfall intensity, and the solving process is very complex.
Runoff coefficients are generally used in existing urban design for description. The runoff coefficient value is selected mainly by referring to GB50014-2006 outdoor drainage design specification (2016 edition), is a constant value obtained according to the type of a surface, cannot truly reflect the relation between rainfall and runoff under different conditions, and cannot meet the actual requirements of engineering. There are also scholars (Feng Yu Qi, Wang Wen Hai, Lijunqi, etc.. Water permeable road runoff coefficient test research, Water conservancy and hydropower technology, 2019[5 ]]27-35.) measuring runoff coefficient by a test platform, the test device consists of a manual rainfall simulation system, a permeable road and a flow monitoring system, the rainwater collection device is arranged at the tail end, the rainfall process and the road runoff production have time difference, the measured flow value and the rainfall formed runoff flow have certain delay time, and only the average value of the runoff coefficient in a certain period has error with the actual value[2]。
Most of the existing invention can only reflect the permeation and accumulation and discharge conditions of the road surface structure, or only can measure a certain road surface structure, and a small number of patents simulate the permeation and accumulation of rainwater conditions (Liu, Zhufeng, road industry and the like) of the real road surface structure. There is no suitable comprehensive measurement and calculation method for the complex conditions with multiple underlying surfaces and the multiple terrain features in the new urban area. Accurate estimation values cannot be obtained for infiltration characteristics of new urban areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects and discloses a method for measuring the infiltration capacity of a new urban area in a distributed manner. The distributed runoff coefficient processing can be carried out when a new area is planned, so that real runoff producing characteristics of the new city area are obtained.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1, carrying out measuring point spatial arrangement according to planned new area underlying surface distribution;
2, installing a device for measuring the infiltration amount at each measuring point;
and 3, monitoring the infiltration capacity and rainfall capacity of each measuring point, and collecting rainfall capacity, yield and infiltration capacity data of the previous year of construction.
And according to the measured values of the measuring points, carrying out distributed lower cushion surface lower body rate assignment on the planning space so as to plan the layout of the rainfall flood drain pipes in each region.
1-1, arranging infiltration measuring points on all rainfall monitoring stations in a new area, wherein the infiltration measuring points are measuring points on the original underlying surface;
1-2, arranging two lower seepage measurement points as comparison seepage measurement points at the position where the lower cushion surface changes after the new area is planned, wherein the position, positioned on the original lower cushion surface, of the comparison measurement points is used as an original lower cushion surface measurement point, and the position, used as a planned lower cushion surface measurement point, of the comparison measurement points is called a planned lower cushion surface measurement point;
the positions of the measuring points above 1-3 are selected to be flat ground with the gradient not greater than 15 degrees, and the ground can provide an excavation area not less than 1m multiplied by 2.5 m; the height difference of two ends of the side length of 2.5m is not less than 5 cm; the upstream side of the lower seepage station is at the end with higher elevation, and the downstream side is at the end with lower elevation.
the boundary dividing device is a vertical isolation plate, and the height is selected according to the thickness from the ground surface to the impervious bed; the boundary dividing device surrounds 4 surfaces of the seepage measuring area, a hole is formed in the side with a lower elevation, and a water collecting tank is installed.
The water collecting tank is installed in a seepage measuring and distinguishing layer, and the installation mode is as follows:
a, for an area with an unchanged underlying surface, adopting an original underlying surface water collecting tank installation mode;
b, installing water collecting troughs aiming at two different infiltration points respectively for the lower cushion surface with changed planning; wherein, the undisturbed underlying surface adopts a water collecting tank installation mode of the undisturbed underlying surface; and planning a measuring point of the underlying surface, and adopting a water collecting tank installation mode of the planned underlying surface. The mounting mode of the water collecting tank of the original lower cushion surface is as follows:
y1, wherein the surface layer of the underlying surface is a grass land; installing no more than 3 layers of water collecting tanks, wherein the first layer is the deepest layer of grass roots, the second layer is a soil layer, and the third layer is a soil lower layer;
y2, underlayment surface layer including any woodland; installing no more than 3 layers of water collecting tanks, wherein the first layer is a forest root canopy, the second layer is a soil layer, and the third layer is a soil lower layer;
y3, wherein the surface layer of the lower cushion surface is a water-impermeable layer; the water collecting tank is not installed;
y4, the underlying surface is sand; and (4) installing 1 layer of water collecting tank.
The installation mode of the water collecting tank of the planned underlying surface is as follows:
g1, for the planning underlying surface is a waterproof layer, a water collecting tank is not installed;
g2, for a permeable layer with any form of planned underlying surface, excavating the existing underlying surface by 1m multiplied by 2.5m according to the measuring point size of the planned underlying surface, wherein the excavating depth is the impermeable layer or the depth is smaller than the impermeable layer by 1.5 m; paving impermeable plates in the excavated pit from bottom to top, paving a gravel permeable layer with the median particle size of 10cm, a reverse filtering layer and planning a lower cushion surface layer;
g3, a layer of water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the permeable layer.
The water collecting tank is provided with a time gravity sensor for recording the weight of the water body in the water collecting tank at different times.
Recording the subsurface flow water-recession process of each rainfall process of an observation point in one year, and calculating the infiltration rate by the following method:
the maximum flow value of the interflow water-withdrawal curve is as follows:
and (4) summing the water quantities of all the water collecting tanks, and calculating time to obtain the maximum value in the flow values.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, providing a new method for measuring and calculating infiltration rate of a new urban area;
and 2, evaluating the calculation result of the method to perform distributed underlay surface infiltration characteristic assignment of the new area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a seepage-measuring point arrangement;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a subsurface flow recession curve;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of rainfall corresponding to the curve of the water discharge in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the arrangement of the seepage-measuring points in example 2.
Example one
A method for measuring the infiltration capacity of new city area. The distributed runoff coefficient processing can be carried out when a new area is planned, so that real runoff producing characteristics of the new city area are obtained.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1, carrying out measuring point spatial arrangement according to planned new area underlying surface distribution;
2, installing a device for measuring the infiltration amount at each measuring point;
and 3, monitoring the infiltration capacity and rainfall capacity of each measuring point, and collecting rainfall capacity, yield and infiltration capacity data of the previous year of construction.
And according to the measured values of the measuring points, carrying out distributed lower cushion surface lower body rate assignment on the planning space so as to plan the layout of the rainfall flood drain pipes in each region.
1-1, arranging infiltration measuring points on all rainfall monitoring stations in a new area, wherein the infiltration measuring points are measuring points on the original underlying surface;
1-2, arranging two lower seepage measurement points as comparison seepage measurement points at the position where the lower cushion surface changes after the new area is planned, wherein the position, positioned on the original lower cushion surface, of the comparison measurement points is used as an original lower cushion surface measurement point, and the position, used as a planned lower cushion surface measurement point, of the comparison measurement points is called a planned lower cushion surface measurement point;
the positions of the measuring points above 1-3 are selected to be flat ground with the gradient not greater than 15 degrees, and the ground can provide an excavation area not less than 1m multiplied by 2.5 m; the height difference of two ends of the side length of 2.5m is not less than 5 cm; the upstream side of the constructed lower seepage station is at the end with higher elevation, and the downstream side is at the end with lower elevation.
As shown in fig. 1, step 2, the apparatus for measuring infiltration amount comprises: a boundary dividing device 1, a water collecting tank 2;
the boundary dividing device 1 is a vertical isolation plate, and the height is selected according to the thickness from the earth surface to the impervious bed;
this example is 1.2 m;
the boundary dividing device 1 surrounds 4 surfaces of the seepage measuring area, a hole is formed in one side with a lower elevation, and a water collecting tank 2 is installed.
The boundary dividing device is made of a waterproof material, in the embodiment, the boundary dividing device 1 is a PVC plate, 4 surfaces of the seepage measuring points are separated, a hole is formed in the lower side of the boundary dividing device, and a water collecting tank 2 is arranged;
the water collecting tank 2 is installed in a layered mode at a seepage measuring point, and the installation mode is as follows:
a, for an area with an unchanged underlying surface, adopting an original underlying surface water collecting tank installation mode;
the surface layer of the underlying surface is the grassland; through the drilling, it is found that: the lower mat surface can be divided into a grass root layer, a permeable soil layer and a low permeability layer according to different soil characteristics,
2 layers of water collecting grooves 2 are installed, the first layer is the deepest layer of grass roots, and the second layer is a soil layer; the low infiltration rate layer is not provided with a water collecting tank;
the water collecting tank is provided with a time gravity sensor for recording the weight of the water body in the water collecting tank at different times.
Recording the subsurface flow water-recession process of each rainfall process of an observation point in one year, and calculating the infiltration rate by the following method:
the maximum flow value of the interflow water-withdrawal curve is as follows:
and (4) summing the water quantity of each water collecting tank, and calculating a time derivative to obtain a flow value, wherein the maximum value is obtained.
The water collecting tank is provided with a time-gravity sensor for recording the weight of the water body in the water collecting tank at different times.
The curve as shown in fig. 2 is obtained.
Recording the subsurface flow water-recession process of each rainfall process of an observation point in one year, and calculating the infiltration rate by the following method:
the maximum flow value of the interflow water-withdrawal curve is as follows: and (4) summing the water quantities of all the water collecting tanks, and calculating time to obtain the maximum value in the flow values.
According to the figure 2, the maximum flow value of the interflow recession curve is 7L/h. The maximum amount of rainfall per day is 160mm as can be seen from fig. 3.
The distributed permeability at this point is 7/160 × 2.5 × 1% 1.85%.
Example two
The other contents are the same as the first embodiment, and the installation manner of the water collecting tank of the underlying surface is planned as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, planning the underlying surface to be a grassland, excavating the existing underlying surface by 1m × 2.5m according to the measurement point size of the planned underlying surface, wherein the excavation depth reaches 1.1m of the impervious layer; paving impermeable plates, gravel permeable layers with the median particle size of 10cm, reversed filter layers and grasslands in the excavated pits from bottom to top;
g3, installing a layer of water collecting tank 2 at the bottom of the gravel permeable layer with the median diameter of 10 cm.
The water collecting tank is provided with a time-gravity sensor, and the time-variation curve of the weight of the water body in the water collecting tank is recorded.
Recording the subsurface flow water-recession process of each rainfall process of an observation point in one year, and calculating the infiltration rate by the following method:
the maximum flow value of the interflow water-withdrawal curve is as follows:
and (4) summing the water quantities of all the water collecting tanks, and calculating time to obtain the maximum value in the flow values.
Claims (6)
1. A method for measuring and calculating infiltration in a new urban area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) carrying out measuring point spatial arrangement according to the planned new area underlying surface distribution;
2) a device for measuring the infiltration amount is arranged at each measuring point;
3) monitoring the infiltration capacity and rainfall capacity of each measuring point, and collecting rainfall capacity, output capacity and infiltration capacity data of the previous year of construction;
recording the subsurface flow water-recession process of each rainfall process of an observation point in one year, and calculating the infiltration rate by the following method:
the maximum flow value of the interflow water-withdrawal curve is as follows:
and (4) summing the water quantities of all the water collecting tanks, and calculating a time derivative to obtain the maximum value in the flow values.
2. The utility model provides a device is calculated in infiltration under new district in city which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: a boundary dividing device, a water collecting tank;
the boundary dividing device is a vertical isolation plate, and the height is selected according to the thickness from the earth surface to the impervious bed; the boundary dividing device surrounds 4 surfaces of the seepage measuring area, a hole is formed in the side with a lower elevation, and a water collecting tank is installed;
the water collecting tank is provided with a time gravity sensor for recording the weight of the water body in the water collecting tank at different times.
3. The urban new area infiltration measurement and calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: step 1, carrying out measuring point spatial arrangement according to planned new area underlying surface distribution; the method comprises the following steps:
1-1) arranging lower seepage measuring points on all rainfall monitoring stations in a new area, wherein the lower seepage measuring points are measuring points on the surface of an original lower cushion;
1-2) arranging two lower seepage measurement points at the position where the lower cushion surface changes after the new area is planned as comparison seepage measurement points, wherein the position, positioned on the original lower cushion surface, of the comparison measurement points is used as an original lower cushion surface measurement point, and the position, used as a planned lower cushion surface measurement point, of the comparison measurement points is called a planned lower cushion surface measurement point;
1-3) selecting a flat ground with a gradient not greater than 15 degrees at the positions of the measuring points, wherein the ground can provide an excavation area not less than 1m multiplied by 2.5 m; the height difference of two ends of the side length of 2.5m is not less than 5 cm; the upstream side of the lower seepage station is at the end with higher elevation, and the downstream side is at the end with lower elevation.
4. The urban new area infiltration measurement and calculation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 2 comprises the following steps:
the water collecting tank is installed in a seepage measuring and distinguishing layer, and the installation mode is as follows:
a, for an area with an unchanged underlying surface, adopting an original underlying surface water collecting tank installation mode;
b, installing water collecting troughs aiming at two different infiltration points respectively for the lower cushion surface with changed planning; wherein, the undisturbed underlying surface adopts a water collecting tank installation mode of the undisturbed underlying surface; and planning a measuring point of the underlying surface, and adopting a water collecting tank installation mode of the planned underlying surface.
5. The urban new area infiltration measurement and calculation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mounting mode of the water collecting tank of the original lower cushion surface is as follows:
y1, wherein the surface layer of the underlying surface is a grass land; installing no more than 3 layers of water collecting tanks, wherein the first layer is the deepest layer of grass roots, the second layer is a soil layer, and the third layer is a soil lower layer;
y2, underlayment surface layer including any woodland; installing no more than 3 layers of water collecting tanks, wherein the first layer is a forest root canopy, the second layer is a soil layer, and the third layer is a soil lower layer;
y3, wherein the surface layer of the lower cushion surface is a water-impermeable layer; the water collecting tank is not installed;
y4, the underlying surface is sand; and (4) installing 1 layer of water collecting tank.
6. The urban new area infiltration measurement and calculation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the installation mode of the water collecting tank of the planned underlying surface is as follows:
g1, for the planning underlying surface is a waterproof layer, a water collecting tank is not installed;
g2, for a permeable layer with any form of planned underlying surface, excavating the existing underlying surface by 1m multiplied by 2.5m according to the measuring point size of the planned underlying surface, wherein the excavating depth is the impermeable layer or the depth is smaller than the impermeable layer by 1.5 m; paving impermeable plates in the excavated pit from bottom to top, paving a gravel permeable layer with the median particle size of 10cm, a reverse filtering layer and planning a lower cushion surface layer;
g3, a layer of water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the permeable layer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111982780A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring and calculating relation between planned underlying surface and old underlying surface of new city area |
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| CN200950113Y (en) * | 2006-07-17 | 2007-09-19 | 中国农业大学 | Infiltrometer for producing infiltration |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111982780A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-24 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring and calculating relation between planned underlying surface and old underlying surface of new city area |
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