TW201718799A - 用於預施用防水膜之輔助結構細化 - Google Patents
用於預施用防水膜之輔助結構細化 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201718799A TW201718799A TW105131431A TW105131431A TW201718799A TW 201718799 A TW201718799 A TW 201718799A TW 105131431 A TW105131431 A TW 105131431A TW 105131431 A TW105131431 A TW 105131431A TW 201718799 A TW201718799 A TW 201718799A
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- film
- layer
- coating
- cerium oxide
- nano
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
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Abstract
本發明提供防水膜,其不需要可移除之剝離薄片,但其仍黏合至後澆注混凝土且輔助膜至膜重疊處之水密密封。該防水膜包含載體及壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層;無機粒子層,其具有部分嵌入該PSA中且平均粒徑小於該PSA層之平均厚度之微粒體;及抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層,其附接至該等無機粒子之未嵌入部分以防止在該膜捲起或展開時完全嵌入該PSA中,由此輔助毗鄰安裝之防水膜之重疊部分之間之水密接縫,且由此該水密接縫較佳僅使用結構細化或防水帶且不額外使用液體底漆、膠黏劑或其他塗料來達成。
Description
本發明係關於黏合至後澆注混凝土之防水膜,該膜包含載體及壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層、具有受限微粒大小之部分嵌入PSA中之無機粒子層及包含奈米二氧化矽及膜形成聚合物之抗潛外塗層,其用於防止粒子完全嵌入PSA層中,用於提供抗黏連以避免需要剝離襯墊且用於在安裝時使用結構細化或防水帶輔助在重疊膜之間之水密接縫。
Wiercinski等人之美國專利8,453,405及8,713,897 (為本文共同受讓人所有)揭示防水膜,其藉由將其安裝至建築物、模板或其他表面上,且然後對其黏著劑層側澆注新鮮混凝土(「後澆注混凝土」)來「預施用」。Wiercinski等人之膜設計涉及載體薄片、壓敏黏著劑(PSA)及粒徑等於或大於PSA厚度之白色水泥粒子之使用,使得在膜捲起及展開時不需要剝離薄片來防止PSA黏附至載體薄片側。不存在剝離薄片意味著避免了工事現場之廢棄物。消除剝離襯墊意味著更簡單更快的施用。 然而,本發明者認為「預施用」膜具有缺點。由於此等膜與載體層一起抵靠安裝表面(例如,木模板、混凝土模具)安裝,向外佈置之含粒子層面向隨後安裝之膜(其在末端重疊,側邊緣使用3'' PSA鑲邊密封)之載體層以與先前安裝之(毗鄰)膜組合達成整體保護。對於施用者,此粒子至載體重疊在結構細化期間需要額外小心、時間及努力。通常需要密封黏著劑或膠黏塗料連同適宜結構細化或防水帶(或條帶)以確保沿毗鄰膜之重疊邊緣形成水密接縫。 因此,本發明者認為需要新穎及發明性預施用型防水膜以確保在重疊處密封且輔助結構細化。
在克服先前技術之缺點方面,本發明提供新穎及發明性預施用防水膜,其藉助在建築物表面上之毗鄰膜之重疊邊緣處達成水密接縫來輔助結構細化處理;且此外其不需要可移除之剝離襯墊來捲起及展開,其為徒步行走提供耐久性及抗滑性,且其甚至在膜已經受UV及濕度達延長之時期後提供良好黏合至後澆注混凝土(包括優良初始黏合強度)。 本發明之實例性防水膜包含:包含兩個主面之載體層;如界定於兩個主面之間之平均厚度為0.05 mm至2.0 mm之壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層,該兩個主面中之一者附接至載體層主面中之一者,PSA層進一步具有大於30絲米(dmm)之滲透(150 g.,5秒,70℉),如根據ASTM D 5-73所量測;包含平均大小為70 µm至450 µm之個別微粒體之無機粒子層,該無機粒子層係藉由將微粒體部分嵌入PSA層之第二主面(與附接至載體層之主面相對)中來形成,其中微粒體之一部分相對於PSA保持未浸沒;及平均厚度為0.003 mm至0.011 mm之抗潛塗層,其附接至無機微粒體之未浸沒部分以防止在膜捲起或展開時個別微粒體完全嵌入PSA層內,該塗層係藉由使用包含奈米二氧化矽粒子及至少一種膜形成聚合物之乳液塗佈無機粒子層且容許該塗層於未浸沒之個別微粒體上乾燥來形成,該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層在乾燥後具有在23℃下根據ASTM D 2240-00量測之在50-90範圍內、更佳在60-90範圍內且最佳在70-90範圍內之肖氏(Shore) D硬度。 較佳地,抗潛塗層中至少一種膜形成聚合物對奈米二氧化矽之比率較佳應在1:4至4:1範圍內(基於乾重百分比),且於無機粒子層上之此塗層之乾燥塗層厚度應為0.004 mm至0.008 mm。 因此,製作整體膜層之本發明實例性方法包含:將如上文所述第一防水膜安裝至基板(例如,模板、牆等)之第一部分上;將第二防水膜安裝至基板之第二部分上,同時部分重疊第一防水膜,且在第二防水膜之載體層主面與第一防水膜之抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層之間密封(例如,結構細化),由此在第一與第二(安裝之)膜之間產生水密重疊,同時仍提供與後澆注混凝土之優良黏合(包括初始黏合強度)。 相較於先前技術設計之預施用型膜,本發明注入顯著更多的可靠性,即使在單獨使用結構細化或防水帶(即,具有預形成之防水壓敏黏著劑層或雙面層之條帶,不另外藉助液體底漆、密封劑或其他塗佈材料)時仍達成有效的膜至膜密封(在重疊處),以在膜之重疊部分產生水密接縫。 本發明亦提供用於製作上述膜之方法。實例性膜包含使用包含膠體二氧化矽及至少一種膜形成聚合乳液之水性乳液塗佈無機粒子之部分未嵌入部分,且容許塗層乾燥,由此形成抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層。在較佳實施例中,在不需要使用可移除之剝離襯墊(例如,蠟紙或矽化紙)之情形下,膜可捲起及展開。 如將在下文中使用顯微照相術解釋,與大小受限之粒子層組合使用水性乳液塗層提供可控「平面」向外面部分,其在建築物或構築體表面上兩個毗鄰安裝之膜間之重疊處形成防水密封時有利地容許使用防水或結構細化帶(例如,在一側或兩側上具有預形成之防水壓敏黏著劑層之防水條帶,其縱向摺疊或縱向平鋪);且此較佳無須使用額外液體底漆、膠黏劑或其他液體塗佈組合物來進行。同時,該膜具有足夠的抗黏連性質,使得不需要剝離薄片來捲起膜(裝運前)及展開膜(在施用至表面上之前)。 本發明之其他優點及特徵詳細闡述於下文中。
圖1圖解說明先前技術預施用防水膜1之橫截面,例如最初揭示於美國專利8,453,405及8,713,897 (參見[先前技術])中,其包含撓性載體薄片2、壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層3及PSA層3之表面上之反射性粒子層4。反射性粒子4之平均直徑等於或大於PSA層3之厚度。膜1不需要可移除之剝離薄片,其通常用於在膜捲起時防止膜1之黏著劑部分3黏著至膜1之載體薄片2或其他部分。 與此相比,圖2圖解說明本發明之實例性預施用防水膜10
,其包含具有兩個主面之撓性載體層12;具有兩個主面之壓敏黏著劑層(PSA) 14,其中之一個主面附接至該等載體層12主面中之一者;具有平均大小(直徑)小於PSA層14之平均厚度且部分嵌入PSA層14 (相對於附接至載體層12之主面)中之個別微粒體之無機粒子層16;及形成於未嵌入之微粒體16之部分上之抗潛塗層18。較佳地,抗潛塗層18係藉由將至少一種水性乳液組合物18 (其由膠體(奈米)二氧化矽及至少一種聚合膜形成材料構成)塗佈至無機微粒層16之暴露之個別微粒體上且容許塗層18乾燥而形成。 如圖3 (先前技術)中可見之掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)照片中所繪示,先前技術防水膜設計(其橫截面設計圖解說明於圖1中)之反射性粒子顯著突出在PSA層之外。圖3之SEM照片係在100×放大率下拍攝。容易明瞭,反射性粒子提供凹凸不平的表面區域以在安裝膜時經受徒步行走以及某些抗黏連益處(以使得載體側可抵靠粒徑捲起,無需使用可移除之剝離薄片以允許膜展開)。 另一方面,圖4繪示在相同放大率(100×)下拍攝之本發明實例性預施用防水膜之SEM照片,其中顯示抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層(在圖2中指定為18)具有經塗佈之無機微粒體,其界定無機粒子層(在圖2中指定為16)。如先前所述,此塗層18較佳藉由將包含膠體(奈米)二氧化矽及至少一種膜形成聚合材料之水性乳液塗佈至微粒體16之暴露部分上來形成,如在下文中將進一步詳細討論。術語「(奈米)二氧化矽」、「奈米二氧化矽」、「奈米大小二氧化矽」及「奈米級二氧化矽」在本文中可互換使用,以指含於抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層18內之二氧化矽粒子(即具有0.1奈米至100奈米(nm)之平均大小)。奈米二氧化矽之水性分散物通常稱為膠體二氧化矽。 不欲受限於理論,本發明者認為尤其在暑季在PSA可藉由日光之能量軟化時,抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層18有助於防止或最小化無機微粒體16完全浸沒(下沉)及完全嵌入(囊封)至PSA層中。可使用具有較小平均直徑之較小粒子16 (相較於PSA層之平均厚度),而不破壞粒子之抗黏連效應且不犧牲耐久性,例如對徒步行走之耐受性。然而,相當有利地且驚人地,抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層18可用於產生良好初始黏合至後澆注混凝土,且此效應可能參考圖4之顯微照片來最佳說明,該顯微照片顯示塗層18已附接至許多暴露之(未浸沒部分)粒子16,同時仍留下裂縫或開口用於後澆注混凝土嵌入,用於與膜之良好初始黏合。 如藉由圖4所表明,粒子之總表面積之減小(相較於圖3中所示之先前技術暴露之大粒子)亦表明,當單獨使用結構細化或防水帶(或條帶)、較佳不額外使用液體底漆、膠黏劑或其他液體塗佈材料將在施用位點邊緣重疊之毗鄰安裝之膜密封在一起時所獲得之益處。僅使用結構細化或防水帶,可產生由兩個或更多個本發明防水膜形成之整體障壁,且具有顯著更大之可靠性及速度。 習用防水、結構細化或接合帶(或條帶膜)可用於將諸如由Grace Construction Products出售之毗鄰薄片膜(例如,參見PV100™帶、BITUTHENE®
帶)密封在一起。許多防水製造商出售防水帶,且該等黏著劑可由瀝青或合成聚合物防水黏著劑製得,且將適用於本發明。較佳地,防水帶為雙面,其中載體膜或編織物之兩面皆具有預形成之防水壓敏黏著劑層,使得該防水帶可插入毗鄰膜之重疊邊緣之間,而無需縱向摺疊該帶。 本發明者亦認為本發明之膜設計在層壓組份之選擇方面容許更大靈活性。 最適用於本發明之實例性撓性載體層12應為膜10提供機械強度及防水完整性。載體層12通常將具有約0.05 mm至2.0 mm且更佳約0.3 mm至1.0 mm之厚度。載體層12應進一步具有一般性光滑表面,例如由膜、薄片、編織物及擠壓塗佈之織造或非織造編織物提供。用於膜及擠壓塗層之適宜材料包括聚丙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-丙烯共聚物、乙烯-烯烴共聚物、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚二氟亞乙烯(PVDF)、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚醯胺及其組合。聚乙烯及聚丙烯較佳。較佳載體層12包含高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)之熱塑性膜。編織物可為織造或非織造且可包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯及聚醯胺。織造聚丙烯編織物尤其適宜。 通常,載體層或薄片12未經表面處理以增加表面張力。然而,在一些情形中,可期望處理將於其上施用黏著劑14之載體薄片12之表面以增強黏著劑層14至載體薄片12之黏著。表面處理之實例係電暈處理。 可將添加劑納入至載體層12材料中以減小表面張力。該等添加劑可以單獨混合步驟納入至材料主體中。添加劑亦可在熔融擠壓製程期間納入至材料主體中以產生薄片、膜或擠壓塗佈之編織物。 最適用於本發明之實例性壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層14應為防水膜10提供防水完整性。PSA層14用於將無機粒子層16黏合至載體薄片12,且應較佳具有約3密耳至30密耳、更佳約5密耳至15密耳且最佳約8密耳至10密耳之厚度。儘管預期瀝青或橡膠改質之瀝青黏著劑之使用可令人滿意地用於某些防水應用(例如,隧道或其他低光應用)中,但本發明者更期望用於PSA層14中之防水黏著劑包含合成(非瀝青)壓敏黏著劑。瀝青壓敏黏著劑之使用對於本發明並非較佳的,此乃因此材料往往在UV曝光後展現差的抗降解性及快速損失對混凝土之黏合。因此,為改良至後澆注混凝土之黏著,較佳地,壓敏黏著劑包含合成聚合物且具有大於約30絲米(dmm)之滲透(150 g,5秒,70℉.),如根據ASTM D 5-73所量測。 據信適宜之實例性壓敏黏著劑層14包括基於丁基橡膠之黏著劑、基於聚異丁烯之黏著劑、基於丁基之黏著劑、基於丙烯酸之黏著劑、基於苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)之黏著劑、基於苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)之黏著劑、基於苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)之黏著劑、基於苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(SBR)之黏著劑及其組合。較佳地,合成黏著劑係SIS、SBS或SEBS之壓敏熱熔黏著劑嵌段共聚物。關於壓敏黏著劑之更詳細說明,參見Satas,Handbook Of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology
, (Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., 1982)。 適用於PSA層14之橡膠或彈性體包括聚異戊二烯、聚丁二烯、天然橡膠、聚氯丁二烯橡膠、乙烯-丙烯橡膠、乙烯α烯烴、腈橡膠、丙烯酸橡膠或其混合物。 較佳非瀝青、合成壓敏黏著劑層14可視情況含有通常用於防水膜中之添加劑,包括(但不限於)光吸收劑(例如,碳黑、苯并三唑等);光穩定劑(例如位阻胺、二苯甲酮);抗氧化劑(例如位阻酚);填充劑(例如,碳酸鈣、二氧化矽、二氧化鈦等);塑化劑;流變添加劑及其混合物。較佳組合係包含光吸收劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑或其混合物之合成PSA組合物層。在本發明其他實例性實施例中,該等可選添加劑中之一者亦可包括於抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層18中。 壓敏黏著劑(PSA) 14之另一實例包括一或多種非晶形聚烯烴。非晶形聚烯烴(APO)定義為結晶度小於30%之聚烯烴,如藉由差示掃描量熱法所量測。該等聚合物可係丙烯之均聚物或丙烯與一或多種α-烯烴共聚單體(例如乙烯、1-丁烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯及1-癸烯)之共聚物。上文所述類型之APO聚合物可以商標名EASTOFLEX™自Eastman Chemical Company, Kingsport, Tennessee購得或可以商標名REXTAC™自Huntsman Corporation, Houston, Texas購得或可以商標名VESTOPLAST™自Degussa Corporation, Parsipanny, New Jersey購得。與基於橡膠之黏著劑一樣,亦使用增黏劑及塑化劑組合聚合物以產生PSA組合物,其可塗佈於載體層12上或可係可經層壓(夾捏或擠壓)至載體薄片12上之預形成層14。例如,參見Eastman bulletin 「Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Based on Amorphous Polyolefin From Eastman Chemical Company」。儘管次佳,但亦可將瀝青PSA材料、包括經橡膠及/或其他添加劑改質之組合物熱熔塗佈或層壓至載體層或薄片上作為預形成層。 本發明無機粒子層16包含一或多種材料,例如部分水化之水泥、水化水泥、碳酸鈣、水玻璃砂、砂、非晶形二氧化矽、爐渣、三水合氧化鋁、爐底渣、板岩灰、花崗岩灰及諸如此類。較佳微粒包括水泥、部分水化之水泥及水化水泥;而更佳微粒包括白色膠結性粒子;且最佳微粒係水化膠結性粒子。 如先前所討論,個別微粒體之平均大小小於壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層14之平均厚度。精細無機粒子層16,由於其應充分黏合至下伏PSA層14及上覆抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層18二者而具有若干功能及優點。此外,該等粒子保持膜10更冷且阻斷破壞性UV曝光,因此最小化PSA層14之降解速率。粒子16亦防止黏連且消除對可移除之剝離襯墊(例如,蠟紙或矽化紙)之需要,在安裝期間剝離襯墊之移除產生廢棄物以及額外步驟。粒子(16)亦可改良在安裝期間膜10之抗滑性以及膜10之通行性(徒步行走之耐久性)。 儘管在無機粒子層16中最佳使用水化或部分水化之白色水泥微粒,但對PSA層厚度使用相對較小之粒徑及使用奈米二氧化矽塗層18最小化粒子16之下潛(完全嵌入)提供區域之較大撓性,在該等區域中可能更易於獲得或更實際採用其他無機材料(其不像水化或部分水化之白色水泥微粒那樣反光)。 在本發明之其他實例性實施例中,抗潛塗層18可進一步包含二氧化鈦以改良防水膜10之總體反射率。膜表面之反射率可使用NOVO-SHADE™ 45/0反射計來測量。此涉及自45°角之測試表面之照明及相對於表面垂直(即0°)之散射光強度之量測。數據記錄於灰階上,其中黑色係0%且白色係100%。僅量測明暗,不考慮色彩,且此明暗值係藉助「白度」來提及。在實例性實施例中,無機粒子層16較佳應具有大於或等於55%且更佳大於65%之光反射率。 根據本發明,無機粒子層16之個別粒子體之平均大小應小於PSA層14之平均厚度。典型PSA層厚度係約3密耳至80密耳、更佳約5密耳至15密耳且最佳約8密耳至10密耳。水泥之微粒大小較佳應在70 µm (小於3密耳之最小黏著劑厚度)至450 µm範圍內;而更佳微粒大小在100 µm至250 µm範圍內;且最佳微粒大小在120 µm至180 µm範圍內。作為實例,在用於無機粒子層16中時,水化白色波特蘭水泥(Portland cement)粒子較佳係藉由使用0.22 W/C至0.5 W/C之水/水泥(W/C)比率混合白色波特蘭水泥與水與聚合水泥分散劑,且藉由容許水泥固化較佳7天或更多天,隨後碾磨且篩分以達成適當範圍之粒徑來產生。較佳水泥分散劑係聚羧酸酯聚合物水泥分散劑。最佳為含有氧化乙烯之聚羧酸酯,例如由W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn.之業務單位Grace Construction Products,62 Whittemore Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140 (USA)以ADVA®及ADVA® 120出售之彼等。所用分散劑之量可係0.1%至1%活性表面活性劑於乾水泥上。 亦可端視所期望性質使用一或多種化學混合物來製備水化之白色水泥粒子。將該混合物與白色水泥及水摻和。用於本發明中之各種混合物可包含常用於達成以下性質之彼等:(1)增強膜對混凝土之黏合;(2)加速初凝之時間;(3)加速在早期階段強度發展(水泥固化或硬化)之速率;(4)增加成品材料之強度(壓縮、伸張或撓曲);(5)減小材料內水之毛細流動;(6)減小材料對液體之滲透性;及/或(7)抑制嵌入金屬之腐蝕,例如用於保護混凝土基體內之鋼筋或其他結構。 首先,如先前所討論,本發明之防水膜10包含至少一個抗潛塗層18,其用於固定或保護精細無機粒子層16以輔助藉由施用器在毗鄰防水膜10之間之重疊處建立水密接縫。在較佳實施例中,抗潛塗層18包含至少一種膜形成聚合乳液黏合劑、奈米級二氧化矽粒子及可選添加劑,包括光阻斷劑、二氧化鈦、光吸收劑、黏度改質劑或其他添加劑。將通常於水性介質中之乳膠乳液施用至精細微粒層16之表面以提供塗佈粒子且至少部分地浸漬精細粒子之間之間隙且在固化後穩定結構之乳液塗料。呈乳液形式之適宜聚合物樹脂可包括丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸酯/苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、氯丁二烯、丁基橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、SEBS及其混合物。聚乙酸乙烯酯及丙烯酸較佳。 奈米級二氧化矽溶膠通常具有0.1奈米至100奈米(nm)、較佳1 nm至50 nm且更佳5 nm至30 nm之粒徑。由於其小粒徑,故膠體二氧化矽溶膠可在水載塗佈調配物中起多種作用。已發現,非晶形奈米級二氧化矽提供防水膜10與對膜澆注之混凝土之間之良好黏合。 本發明之此複合益處係意外的,此乃因抗潛塗層極硬。由於此一硬表面之滲透值接近於0,故難以精確量測該值;因此,代替使用滲透作為硬度之量度,本發明者使用肖氏D硬度作為更可適用之量度。肖氏D硬度係根據ASTM D 2240-00在環境溫度(23℃)下來量測,如下文中進一步闡述。澆注抗潛塗層之試樣。樣本為約9-10 mm厚且直徑為6-7 cm。將樣本置於平坦水平表面上。將硬度計固持於垂直位置上且壓頭尖端置於距邊緣至少12 mm。施用足夠壓力以確保壓腳與樣本之間之接觸。在壓腳與樣本接觸1秒後,記錄所指示讀數。進行5次量測,且計算平均硬度值。 甚至在膜已浸沒於水中之後黏合強度仍優良。為測試此有利性質,本發明者對本發明膜10之條帶澆注混凝土且容許混凝土固化7天。然後將總成浸沒於水中30天。在水浸沒一定時期後量測膜10與混凝土之間之黏合且與未浸沒於水中之總成比較,且發現黏合極好。不受限於理論,本發明者認為非晶形奈米級二氧化矽粒子在鹼性環境中形成水化產物(例如在含有波特蘭水泥之混凝土中發現)。非晶形奈米級二氧化矽粒子亦增加塗層表面之摩擦係數,此增強抗黏連性以及抗滑性。 本發明防水膜10中之較佳抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層18可藉由採用具有小粒徑、低黏度且含有100%丙烯酸聚合物乳膠之丙烯酸乳液製得。藉由丙烯酸乳膠形成之塗層18具有以下性質:變色之抗性、隨時間膜降解之抗性、黏性之抗性、10-20℃且更佳10-30℃之玻璃轉換溫度。所得塗層為撓性、防水塗層,其往往加強無機粒子層16,保護該無機粒子層16免於水、油脂、粗糙處置。所得塗層較佳應在摺疊且經受向上延伸至70℃之溫度時不會自身黏合。低黏度丙烯酸乳液使其易於藉由適宜方式(例如噴霧、刷塗、滾軋及諸如此類)施用至精細無機粒子16。應控制所施用乳膠之量以達成良好覆蓋且同時避免損害塗層品質。 用於膜10之膜塗層18中之另一較佳聚合乳液塗層係聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液,其提供優良膜形成、黏著及黏合能力。使用聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液之其他益處包括良好色彩穩定性及對氧及紫外光之良好穩定性(此進而產生對室外暴露之良好抗性)、對油脂及油之優良抗性、至大多基板之良好黏著及當接觸酸性材料或多價離子時之良好乳液穩定性。 本發明膜10之抗潛塗層18進一步包含奈米二氧化矽粒子,如先前所述;且在較佳實施例中,奈米二氧化矽粒子與較早提及之一或多種膜形成聚合黏合劑摻和。奈米級二氧化矽粒子通常具有0.1奈米至100奈米(nm)、較佳1 nm至50 nm且更佳5 nm至30 nm之粒徑。由於其小粒徑,故奈米二氧化矽粒子可在水載塗佈調配物中起多種作用。已發現,甚至在膜已浸沒於水中之後,非晶形奈米級二氧化矽在防水膜10與對膜澆注之混凝土之間提供良好黏合。 本發明之其他實例性防水膜10可包含兩個或更多個依序施用之抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層(18),其中每一塗層包含含奈米二氧化矽之膜形成聚合乳液,用於額外輕鬆的在毗鄰膜10之間形成水密重疊。舉例而言,在採用兩個或更多個膜塗層18來塗覆膜10之水泥微粒層16之情形下,較佳位於最外層之膜塗層18 (即,離無機粒子層16最遠者)具有較高膜形成聚合物:奈米二氧化矽比率(以重量計)。最外層塗層18應在外塗層表面上具有最少灰塵(此乃因灰塵往往阻礙或破壞在膜間重疊處之水密接縫)。因此,其他實施例包含至少兩個抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層(18),其中之最外一層含有較高膜形成聚合物:奈米二氧化矽比率(以重量計)。 膜塗層18中每一者中之膜形成聚合物:奈米二氧化矽之比率以及乾燥膜覆蓋物重量取決於所用膜形成聚合物或聚合物之摻和物以及用於製作塗佈組合物18之商業奈米二氧化矽產品之性質。本發明膜10之實例性塗層18之膜形成聚合物對奈米二氧化矽比率(聚合物:奈米二氧化矽)較佳應基於重量百分比(乾燥固體)在1:4至4:1範圍內,此端視所用聚合乳液及奈米二氧化矽之性質而定。乾燥塗層重量較佳應係5-20克/平方米且更佳8-15克/平方米。 因此,在實例性實施例中,防水膜具有包含聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)作為至少一種膜形成聚合物及奈米二氧化矽粒子之抗潛塗層18,其中較佳PVAc:奈米二氧化矽比率係1:1至1:4。在另一實例性實施例中,防水膜具有包含丙烯酸聚合物作為至少一種膜形成聚合物及奈米二氧化矽粒子之抗潛塗層18,其中較佳丙烯酸:奈米二氧化矽比率基於乾重固體係4:1至1:1。 為進一步改良抗潛塗層18及/或PSA層14之白度及日光阻斷性質,可添加白色顏料。對於外塗層18,較佳白色顏料包括二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、三氧化鋁、硫化鋅、鋅鋇白及諸如此類。更佳地,可使用金紅石二氧化鈦顏料。較佳金紅石二氧化鈦顏料可以Ti-Pure® R-960商標名自DuPont購得。為於膜塗佈組合物中分散白色顏料,可使用分散劑。適宜分散劑可以商標名Nuosperse™ FN211自Elementis Specialties購得。 如先前所提及,可將UV吸收劑添加至防水膜中(例如抗潛塗層18及/或PSA層14中)以提供保護免於UV降解。另外,一或多種光穩定劑可與一或多種UV吸收劑一起添加以改良保護。市售UV吸收劑之實例係以商標名Chisorb™ 5392E由Double Bond Chemical Ind. Co. Ltd出售,其據信為與HALS (位阻胺光穩定劑)摻和之用於塗層中之液體UV吸收劑。此為不含溶劑之水性UV吸收劑乳液。相較於苯并三唑UV吸收劑,其在室溫下具有輔助處置之液體形式且其提供寬UV吸收。另一較佳水溶性UV吸收劑係二苯甲酮,其係以商標名Escalol™ 577由ISP Technologies, Inc.供應之4寬帶UV濾劑。 本發明之較佳防水膜包含:包含兩個主面之載體層;如界定於兩個主面之間之平均厚度為0.05 mm至2.0 mm之壓敏黏著劑層,該兩個主面中之一者附接至載體層主面中之一者,壓敏黏著劑層進一步具有大於30絲米(dmm)之滲透(150 g.,5秒,70℉.),如根據ASTM D 5-73所量測,壓敏黏著劑包含丁基橡膠黏著劑、聚異丁烯黏著劑、丁基黏著劑、丙烯酸黏著劑、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(SBR)黏著劑或其組合;包含平均大小為70 µm至450 µm之個別微粒體之無機粒子層,該無機粒子層係藉由將微粒體部分嵌入壓敏黏著劑層之第二主面(相對於附接至載體層之主面)中來形成,其中微粒體之一部分保持未浸沒,個別微粒體包含部分水化之水泥、水化水泥、碳酸鈣、水玻璃砂、砂、非晶形二氧化矽、爐渣、三水合氧化鋁、爐底渣、板岩灰、花崗岩灰或其混合物;及平均厚度為0.003 mm至0.011 mm之抗潛塗層,其附接至無機微粒體之未浸沒部分以防止在膜捲起或展開時個別微粒體完全嵌入壓敏黏著劑層內,該塗層係藉由使用包含奈米二氧化矽粒子及至少一種膜形成聚合物之乳液塗佈無機粒子層且容許塗層在未浸沒之個別微粒體上乾燥來形成,塗層在乾燥後具有在23℃下根據ASTM D 2240-00量測之在50-90範圍內、更佳在60-90範圍內且最佳在70-90範圍內之肖氏D硬度,至少一種膜形成聚合材料選自丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸酯/苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯、氯丁二烯、丁基橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯、SEBS或其混合物;且其中至少一種膜形成聚合材料對奈米二氧化矽粒子之比率以乾燥膜塗層重量計在1:4至4:1 (基於乾重固體)範圍內。 本發明提供用於製造防水膜之實例性方法。PSA可使用輥式塗佈器、狹縫式塗佈器或簾式塗佈器熱熔塗佈於載體上。亦可以載體/PSA層壓(12/14)開始且當PSA變熱且軟化時,使用平均粒子厚度或直徑小於PSA層14之平均厚度之粒子將無機微粒體16嵌入PSA層14中以產生無機粒子層16。應使用重力、真空、拂拭或其組合自粒子層16移除鬆散粒子,且抗潛奈米二氧化矽層係較佳藉由使用包含至少一種膜形成聚合物及奈米二氧化矽粒子之水性乳液塗佈而形成於部分嵌入之無機粒子層16上。在另一實例性方法中,乾燥至少一個聚合塗層且在不使用可移除之剝離薄片之情形下將所得防水膜纏繞成捲。 儘管在本文中使用有限數目之實施例來闡述本發明,但該等特定實施例不欲限制如本文原本闡述且主張之本發明範圍。存在所述實施例之修改及變化形式。更特定而言,以下實例作為所主張本發明之實施例之特定說明給出。應理解,本發明不受限於實例中所述之特定細節。除非另外規定,否則實例以及說明書之其餘部分中之所有份數及百分比均以重量%計。 此外,說明書或申請專利範圍中所列舉之任何數字範圍,例如代表特定性質之組、量度之單位、條件、物理狀態或百分比之數字範圍,意欲在字面上以引用方式或其他方式將此範圍內之任何數字(包括在如此列舉之任何範圍內之數字之任何子集)明確納入本文中。舉例而言,每當揭示具有下限RL及上限RU之數值範圍時,均明確揭示在該範圍內之任何數字R。具體而言,明確揭示在該範圍內之以下數字R:R = RL + k*(RU -RL),其中k係在1%至100%範圍內之具有1%增量之變量,例如k係1%、2%、3%、4%、5%…50%、51%、52%……95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%。此外,亦明確揭示由任何兩個R值代表之任何數值範圍,如上文所計算。實例 1
本發明之防水膜可藉由以下方式來產生:用10密耳厚度之合成壓敏黏著劑(PSA) (例如SEBS、SBS、SIS、SBR等,其用於製造PSA層)塗層塗佈例如包含30密耳高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)之載體薄片。包含SIS聚合物之PSA係較佳的。 將黏著劑塗佈之薄片置於70℃下於空氣循環爐中1小時以軟化PSA層,且然後藉由使用壓力滾輪將精細無機粒子嵌入PSA中於PSA層之面上產生精細無機微粒層。 然後將膜放回爐中約30分鐘,且更精細粒子分散於PSA層之面上且再次使用壓力滾輪將粒子嵌入PSA層之面中以確保精細微粒物質於PSA層上之良好覆蓋。可藉由溫和拂拭移除過量鬆散微粒。 最後,將包含水性聚合乳液及奈米二氧化矽之抗潛奈米二氧化矽層噴霧至無機粒子層上至期望濕塗層重量。容許聚合乳液抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層在環境溫度下乾燥。 藉由遵循此一製程,產生包含HDPE載體薄片(12)、防水壓敏黏著劑(14)、精細無機粒子層(16)及至少一個抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層(18)之4層防水膜。實例 2
可如下使用於防水膜上之各種測試程序。測試至後施用混凝土之黏合 .
由於在混凝土(對膜)之後施用之前防水膜通常易受曝光至日光之影響,故非常期望此等膜在此曝光後維持其充分黏著至混凝土之能力。藉由以下方式來測試膜至混凝土之黏著:對1.5英吋 × 6英吋(3.8 cm × 15 cm)膜試樣之外面澆注混凝土,容許混凝土固化7天,然後使用Instron™機械測試儀在180°之剝離角及4英吋(100 mm)/分鐘之剝離速率下量測剝離黏著。量測在澆注混凝土之前未曝光至UV輻射(初始)之試樣及曝光至UV輻射之試樣的對混凝土之黏合強度,其中UV曝光使用EMMAQUA加速之測試,其中曝光相當於1個月UV曝光(28mj)或2個月UV曝光(56mj)之等效量。末端重疊黏合性能 ( 初始黏合及長期水浸沒 ).
使用雙面帶來黏合捲末端以形成連續防水。(在縱向摺疊時可使用單面帶,但此在實際構築工作期間需要額外時間且為次佳)。膜之捲末端最少重疊75 mm。施用雙面帶且固定黏合側於底部膜之重疊區域上。牢固地捲起以確保完全黏著,而沒有折痕或空隙。剝離雙面帶另一側之離型紙且施用第二片膜至黏合帶。牢固地捲起以確保完全黏著。使用T-剝離測試來測定在24 h固化後末端重疊之黏合性能,剝離速度係100 mm/min。長期水浸沒(即1個月)末端重疊黏合試樣以檢查水是否將滲透至末端重疊中且使黏合性能降級。測試抗黏連性測試 .
由於防水膜通常纏繞成捲,故非常期望確保膜之一個表面不會強烈黏著至膜之另一表面。否則,將難以展開該捲。為測試抗黏連性,將30密耳(0.75 mm) HDPE膜之層置於2.0英吋 × 6.0英吋膜試樣之外表面上,將3磅/平方英吋(psi)負載置於頂部上;然後將此總成置於65℃下之爐中1週。在冷卻至室溫後,使用T-剝離測試使用Instron™機械測試儀使用4英吋/分鐘之十字頭速度來測試各試樣。黏連量測為磅/線性英吋(pli)。測試水浸沒測試 .
由於在對混凝土澆注後防水膜可浸沒於水中,故非常期望此等膜在此水暴露後維持其黏著至混凝土之能力。已設計極嚴格測試來說明本發明膜之異常性能。藉由以下方式來測試防水膜至混凝土之黏著:對尺寸為1.5英吋 × 6英吋(3.8 cm × 15 cm)之膜試樣之外面澆注混凝土,容許混凝土固化7天,將此膜/混凝土總成浸沒於水中90天;且然後在180°之剝離角及100 mm/分鐘之剝離速率下使用Instron™機械測試儀量測剝離黏著。水可浸潤於總成之任一界面之間,該等界面包括混凝土/抗潛塗層界面、抗潛塗層/微粒層界面或微粒層/壓敏黏著劑層界面。由於在膜之正常使用中該等界面將不會暴露至水之浸潤,故此測試視為嚴格。LT 撓性測試 .
為在低溫下測試撓性,於防水膜上實施以下測試。將試樣(50 mm × 100 mm)之外面彎曲180度,以使得膜試樣之邊緣沿其寬度尺寸(50 mm)重疊;且邊緣經平夾或U形釘或10 mm寬帶固定。彎曲儀器應在頂板與底板之間具有為樣本厚度三倍之距離。在彎曲裝置之頂板及底板打開之情形下,將膜試樣平坦置於底板上,其中經固定重疊側朝向軸,且試樣與軸之間之距離係20 mm。將彎曲裝置與試樣一起置於維持在-25℃溫度下之冷室中1小時(或2小時),然後朝向底板壓頂板1秒至經調諧間距,且然後自裝置移除試樣。在試樣返回至室溫後,觀察彎曲試樣以檢測其在彎曲區域上是否損壞或持續裂痕。抗橫向水滲移性測試 .
抗橫向水滲移性係防止水在盲側防水系統與混凝土結構之間移動。若在混凝土安置前或在其期間防水系統由鋼筋或其他鋒利物體刺穿(此產生破口或空隙),則水可穿過防水系統。若水在防水膜系統與混凝土之間自由地橫向行進,則其將找到進入建築物中之路。防止防水膜與地基之間之橫向水滲移之防水系統為保持建築物內部乾燥所需。在試樣中心製備一10 mm直徑洞以模擬防水膜之破洞。將混凝土澆注至膜上且容許固化7天,然後進行靜水頭壓力測試。壓力在58磅/平方英吋(psi)下保持24小時(h),然後在72 psi下保持4 h且在87 psi下保持4 h。橫向水滲移測試結果報告為[通過/失敗];通過定義為達成極限壓力步驟時;失敗定義為水穿過樣本漏出或水存在於膜與混凝土之間。熱老化測試
:將3個100 mm × 50 mm膜試樣垂直懸掛於維持在70℃溫度下之爐中2小時,試樣間之最小間距大於30 mm。測試後,取出試樣且觀察膜試樣上是否出現任何斷層、凹陷或液滴。 關於本發明之兩種實例性防水膜之各種測試結果顯示於下表1中。使用SIS製作壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層。在該等膜中之一者中,膜塗層係自包含丙烯酸作為膜形成聚合物之水性乳液與奈米二氧化矽之組合製得。在第二膜中,膜塗層係自包含聚乙酸乙烯酯作為膜形成聚合物之水性乳液與奈米二氧化矽之組合製得。表 1
兩種調配物皆展現優良的對混凝土之初始黏合,UV曝光後對混凝土之黏合,極好的抗黏連性及水浸沒3個月後保持對混凝土之良好黏合。兩種調配物皆顯示良好的末端重疊黏合強度及1個月水浸沒後保持末端重疊黏合。末端重疊黏合試樣在水浸沒後剝離且界面係乾燥的。兩種調配物皆顯示優良的低溫及高溫穩定性,且在0.6M Pa水滲透測試後未發生水滲透。實例 3
如上文所述,對於包含聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液及奈米二氧化矽之調配物以及包含丙烯酸乳液及奈米二氧化矽之調配物進行滲透量測。對於該等實施例中之每一者,一方面相對於聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVAc)及丙烯酸、且另一方面相對於奈米二氧化矽分析乾聚合物對奈米二氧化矽比率對肖氏D之效應。結果概述於下表2中。表 2
本發明之原理、較佳實施例及操作模式已闡述於前述說明書中。然而,意欲於本文中受保護之本發明不應解釋為受限於特定揭示形式,此乃因該等形式欲視為具有說明性而非具有限制性。熟習此項技術者可作出變化及改變,而不背離本發明精神。
1‧‧‧預施用防水膜;膜
2‧‧‧撓性載體薄片
3‧‧‧壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層;黏著劑部分
4‧‧‧反射性粒子層;反射性粒子
10‧‧‧預施用防水膜;防水膜
12‧‧‧撓性載體層;載體層;薄片;載體薄片;載體
14‧‧‧黏著劑;黏著劑層;壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層;合成壓敏黏著劑層;壓敏黏著劑(PSA);預形成層;防水壓敏黏著劑
16‧‧‧無機粒子層;微粒體;無機微粒層;無機微粒體;精細無機粒子層;精細微粒層;精細無機粒子;水泥微粒層
18‧‧‧抗潛塗層;水性乳液組合物;塗層;抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層;抗潛含奈米二氧化矽之塗層;奈米二氧化矽塗層;膜塗層;塗佈組合物;外塗層
在結合附圖進行較佳實施例之以下詳細說明時可更容易理解本發明之其他優點及特徵,其中: 圖1係具有載體薄片、壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層及平均大小等於或大於PSA層平均厚度之白色水泥粒子層之預施用防水膜之橫截面之圖解說明(未按比例繪製); 圖2係具有載體薄片、PSA層、無機粒子(其平均大小小於PSA層之平均厚度且其部分嵌入PSA層中)及抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層(其附接至未嵌入PSA層中之無機粒子部分)之本發明實例性預施用防水膜之橫截面之圖解說明(亦未按比例繪製); 圖3係藉由掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)在100×放大率下所拍攝之先前技術防水膜(其橫截面設計圖解說明於圖1中)之白色水泥粒子層之顯微照片;且 圖4係亦藉由SEM在100×放大率下拍攝之本發明實例性防水膜之顯微照片,其中使用包含膠體奈米二氧化矽及膜形成聚合物之水性乳液使抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層形成於大小受限之無機粒子(其部分嵌入PSA層中)上,由此容許乳液乾燥以形成附接至粒子且用於在膜捲起及展開時最小化或防止大小受限之無機粒子完全嵌入(或浸沒)至PSA層中之塗層。
10‧‧‧預施用防水膜;膜;防水膜
12‧‧‧撓性載體層;載體層;薄片;載體薄片;載體
14‧‧‧黏著劑;黏著劑層;壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層;合成壓敏黏著劑層;壓敏黏著劑(PSA);預形成層;防水壓敏黏著劑
16‧‧‧無機粒子層;微粒體;無機微粒層;無機微粒體;精細無機粒子層;精細微粒層;精細無機粒子;水泥微粒層
18‧‧‧抗潛塗層;水性乳液組合物;塗層;抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層;抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層;奈米二氧化矽塗層;膜塗層;塗佈組合物;外塗層
Claims (25)
- 一種用於後澆注混凝土施用之防水膜,其包含: 包含兩個主面之載體層; 如界定於兩個主面之間之平均厚度為0.05 mm至2.0 mm之壓敏黏著劑層,該兩個主面中之一者附接至該等載體層主面中之一者,該壓敏黏著劑層進一步具有大於30絲米(dmm)之滲透(150 g.,5秒,70℉.),如根據ASTM D 5-73所量測; 包含平均大小為70 µm至450 µm之個別微粒體之無機粒子層,該無機粒子層係藉由該等微粒體部分嵌入該壓敏黏著劑層之第二主面(相對於附接至該載體層之該主面)中來形成,其中該等微粒體之部分保持未浸沒;及 平均厚度為0.003 mm至0.011 mm之抗潛塗層,其附接至該等無機微粒體之未浸沒部分以防止在該膜捲起或展開時個別微粒體完全嵌入該壓敏黏著劑層中,該塗層係藉由使用包含奈米二氧化矽粒子及至少一種膜形成聚合物之乳液塗佈該無機粒子層且容許該塗層於該等未浸沒個別微粒體上乾燥來形成,該塗層在乾燥後具有在23℃下根據ASTM D 2240-00量測之在50至90範圍內之肖氏(Shore) D硬度。
- 如請求項1之防水膜,其中該載體層包含聚合膜、編織物或二者。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該載體層包含高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)膜。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該載體層包含織造或非織造編織物,其包含聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚醯胺或其混合物。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該載體層係織造聚丙烯編織物。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該壓敏黏著劑層包含瀝青或合成黏著劑或其組合。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該壓敏黏著劑層包含丁基橡膠黏著劑、聚異丁烯黏著劑、丁基黏著劑、丙烯酸黏著劑、苯乙烯-異戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)黏著劑、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡膠(SBR)黏著劑或其組合。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該壓敏黏著劑層包含SIS、SBS或SEBS之嵌段共聚物。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中合成壓敏黏著劑層進一步包含光吸收劑、光穩定劑、抗氧化劑或其混合物。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該無機微粒層包含以下各項之個別微粒體:部分水化之水泥、水化水泥、碳酸鈣、水玻璃砂、砂、非晶形二氧化矽、爐渣、三水合氧化鋁、爐底渣、板岩灰、花崗岩灰或其混合物。
- 如請求項10之防水膜,其中該等無機微粒體包含水化水泥、部分水化之水泥或其混合物。
- 如請求項10之防水膜,其中該等水化或部分水化之白色水泥粒子係藉由混合白色波特蘭水泥(Portland cement)與水及聚羧酸酯聚合物水泥分散劑來產生。
- 如請求項2之防水膜,其中該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層係藉由使用包含以下之水性乳液塗料塗佈無機微粒體之非嵌入部分來形成:(i)膠體二氧化矽及(ii)至少一種膜形成聚合材料,其選自丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸酯/苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯、氯丁二烯、丁基橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯、SEBS或其混合物。
- 如請求項13之防水膜,其中在該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層中,該至少一種膜形成聚合材料對奈米二氧化矽粒子之比率以乾燥膜塗層重量計基於乾重固體在1:4至4:1範圍內。
- 如請求項14之防水膜,其中該載體層包含HDPE膜;該壓敏黏著劑層選自SEBS、SBS、SIS或其混合物;該無機粒子層包含水化白色水泥粒子;且該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層包含丙烯酸聚合物、聚乙酸乙烯酯聚合物或其混合物。
- 如請求項14之防水膜,其中該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層包含聚乙酸乙烯酯聚合物,且聚乙酸乙烯酯聚合物對奈米二氧化矽之比率(PVAc:奈米二氧化矽)以乾重固體計係1:1至1:4。
- 如請求項14之防水膜,其中該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層包含丙烯酸聚合物,且丙烯酸聚合物對奈米二氧化矽之比率(丙烯酸:奈米二氧化矽)以乾重固體計係4:1至1:1。
- 如請求項15之防水膜,其在該壓敏黏著劑層、該抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層或兩層中進一步包含二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、三氧化鋁、硫化鋅、鋅鋇白或其混合物中之至少一者。
- 如請求項1之防水膜,其中該膜係以捲起形式提供,其可展開且施用至建築物或構築體表面上,而不使用剝離薄片。
- 如請求項1之防水膜,其係與相同構築之至少一個其他防水膜重疊且在該等重疊膜之間僅使用結構細化或防水帶形成防水密封,而不額外使用其他液體底漆、膠黏劑或其他塗料。
- 如請求項1之防水膜,其中在與測試表面呈45度角之入射光下使用反射計量測時,該防水膜具有至少55%之表面反射率。
- 一種用於製作整體膜層之方法,其包含:安裝如請求項1之第一防水膜,且其載體層相對於基板;且安裝如請求項1之第二防水膜,且其載體層相對於該先前安裝之防水膜之抗潛奈米二氧化矽塗層;且在該第二防水膜之該載體層與該第一安裝之防水膜之該抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層之間使用結構細化或防水帶在該第一防水膜與該第二防水膜之重疊部分之間防水密封。
- 如請求項22之方法,其中僅使用結構細化或防水帶來達成該等膜之間之該防水密封,而不額外使用其他液體底漆、膠黏劑或其他塗料。
- 一種用於製造防水膜之方法,其包含: 提供附接至載體層之壓敏黏著劑(PSA)層; 當該PSA係於熱軟化狀態中時,將平均粒徑小於該PSA層之平均厚度之個別微粒體部分嵌入該PSA層中,由此產生部分嵌入之無機粒子層; 藉助重力、真空、拂拭或其組合自該部分嵌入之無機粒子層移除鬆散個別微粒體;且 藉由將包含膠體二氧化矽及至少一種選自以下之膜形成聚合物之水性乳液塗佈至該無機粒子層之未嵌入部分上來形成抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層:丙烯酸、聚乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸酯/苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯/乙酸乙烯酯、氯丁二烯、丁基橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯、SEBS及其混合物,在23℃下根據ASTM D 2240-00量測時,該抗潛層在乾燥後具有在50至90範圍內之肖氏D硬度。
- 如請求項24之方法,其中容許該抗潛含奈米二氧化矽塗層乾燥且在不使用可移除之剝離薄片來容許展開之情形下將所得防水膜纏繞成捲。
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