TW201630970A - 助熔劑及電子裝置的製造方法 - Google Patents

助熔劑及電子裝置的製造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201630970A
TW201630970A TW104143097A TW104143097A TW201630970A TW 201630970 A TW201630970 A TW 201630970A TW 104143097 A TW104143097 A TW 104143097A TW 104143097 A TW104143097 A TW 104143097A TW 201630970 A TW201630970 A TW 201630970A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
solder
flux
terminal
ethylene glycol
temperature
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TW104143097A
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English (en)
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TWI570153B (zh
Inventor
清水浩三
今泉延弘
作山誠樹
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富士通股份有限公司
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3612Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3613Polymers, e.g. resins
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Abstract

使用於接著焊料的助熔劑包含:75wt%或更多的以下列式:HO(CH2CH2O)nH[n為4或更多的整數]表示之乙二醇聚合物,其中乙二醇聚合物被加熱時的蒸發係在相等或高於焊料接著溫度的溫度終止。

Description

助熔劑及電子裝置的製造方法
本文所討論的具體例涉及助熔劑及使用助熔劑製造電子裝置的方法。
已知有使用助熔劑將焊料與電子組件(諸如半導體裝置或電路板)之端子接著的技術。例如,已知有使用含松香的助熔劑經由還原及去除焊料表面或電子組件端子表面的氧化膜而將焊料與端子接著的技術。此外,已知有於焊料接著後清洗助熔劑殘渣(如,助熔劑清洗)的技術。
取決於使用在焊料接著之助熔劑的成分,某些情況下,於焊料接著後或助熔劑清洗後,助熔劑殘渣可能殘留。焊料接著後或助熔劑清洗後殘留的助熔劑殘渣可造成焊料或焊料接著電子組件的腐蝕及品質降低。此外,助熔劑殘渣可造成從中起源的離子遷移,並導致相對於其周圍環境之絕緣電阻的降低。
以下為參考文獻。
[文獻1]Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2011-083809。
根據本發明的一面向,使用於接著焊料的助熔劑包含:75wt%或更多的由下列式:HO(CH2CH2O)nH[n為4或更多的整數]表示的乙二醇聚合物,其中乙二醇聚合物被加熱時的蒸發係在相等或高於焊料接著溫度的溫度終止。
1‧‧‧電子裝置
10、20‧‧‧電子組件
11、21、3122a、3311a、3420a、3431a、3511a、3630a‧‧‧端子
12、22‧‧‧保護膜
30、3340‧‧‧焊料
40‧‧‧助熔劑
40a‧‧‧助熔劑殘渣
3100、3220、3320、3420‧‧‧半導體晶片
3110‧‧‧半導體基板
3110a‧‧‧元件隔離區域
3120、3430‧‧‧佈線層
3130‧‧‧MOS電晶體
3131‧‧‧閘極絕緣膜
3132‧‧‧閘極
3133‧‧‧源極區
3134‧‧‧汲極區
3135‧‧‧間隔物
3210、3310‧‧‧封裝基板
3211a‧‧‧外接用端子
3230、3330‧‧‧封裝層
3300、3400‧‧‧半導體封裝件
3341‧‧‧底層填充料
3410‧‧‧樹脂層
3431、3511‧‧‧導電部分
3432‧‧‧絕緣部分
3500、3600‧‧‧電路板
3610‧‧‧芯板
3620‧‧‧絕緣層
3630‧‧‧導電性圖案
3640‧‧‧通孔
第1A至1C圖各說明焊料接著方法的第1個實例;第2A至2C圖各說明焊料接著方法的第2個實例;第3圖為說明焊料接著後狀態之實例的圖表(第1個實例);第4A及4B圖為說明焊料接著後狀態之實例的圖表(第2個實例);第5圖為說明乙二醇聚合物重量減少率之實例的圖表;第6圖為說明半導體晶片之例示性組構的圖表;第7A及7B圖為說明半導體封裝件之例示性組構的圖表(第1個實例);第8圖為說明半導體封裝件之例示性組構的圖表(第2個實例);及第9A及9B圖為說明電路板之例示性組構的圖表。
首先說明焊料接著。第1A至1C圖各說明焊料接著方法的第1個實例。第1A圖為簡略說明根據第1 個實例之助熔劑配置過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。第1B圖為簡略說明根據第1個實例之焊料配置過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。第1C圖為簡略說明根據第1個實例之焊料接著過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
此方法中,首先,如第1A圖所說明,製備設置有端子11的電子組件10。在電子組件10之端子11的配置表面側上,設置保護膜12(諸如阻焊劑)而暴露至少端子11的一部分。將助熔劑40供應到電子組件10之端子11的配置表面側。至於助熔劑40,則使用具有還原形成於以下將說明之焊料30表面及端子11表面的氧化膜之功能的助熔劑。可使用諸如噴塗法、塗覆法及印刷法的方法將助熔劑40設置在電子組件10上。
提供助熔劑40後,如第1B圖所說明,將焊料30設置在端子11上。至於焊料30,例如,可使用焊球。除焊球外,可使用諸如印刷法的方法將含有焊料粉末的焊錫膏設置在端子11上。使用焊錫膏的情況,助熔劑可含在焊錫膏中。
在安設完焊料30或正在安設焊料30時,藉由加熱並熔解焊料30,如第1C圖所說明,將焊料30接著至電子組件10之端子11。接著中,首先,被提供至電子組件10的助熔劑40係還原並去除形成於端子11表面及焊料30表面的氧化膜。因此,可以將焊料30接著至電子組件10之端子11。
藉由第1A至1C圖所說明的方法,得到其中 端子11上設置有焊料30的電子組件10(如,電子裝置)。
此外,可在電子組件10中設置複數個端子。在此情況,可藉由第1A至1C圖所說明的方法將焊料30接著到各端子11上。
第2A至2C圖說明焊料接著方法的第2個實例。第2A圖為簡略說明根據第2個實例之助熔劑配置過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。第2B圖為簡略說明根據第2個實例之焊料配置過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。第2C圖為簡略說明根據第2個實例之焊料接著過程之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
此方法中,首先,如第2A圖所說明,製備在從保護膜12暴露的端子11上設置有焊料30的電子組件10並將助熔劑40供應至焊料30的配置表面側。至於助熔劑40,則使用具有還原形成於以下將說明之焊料30表面及端子21表面的氧化膜之功能的助熔劑。可使用諸如噴塗法的方法將助熔劑40設置在電子組件10及焊料30上。
如第2B圖所說明,製備設置有端子21的電子組件20。在電子組件20之端子21的配置表面側上,設置保護膜22(諸如阻焊劑)而暴露至少端子21的一部分。藉由實施端子21及端子11間的對位製程,將電子組件20配置成面對已供應有助熔劑40的電子組件10。
在焊料30與端子21彼此接觸的狀態,如第2C圖所說明,加熱及熔解焊料30而將焊料30接著電子組件20之端子21。在接著中,首先,供應至電子組件10的 助熔劑40係還原及去除形成於端子21表面及焊料30表面的氧化膜。因此,可以將設置在電子組件10之端子11上的焊料30接著至電子組件20之端子21。
藉由第2A至2C圖所說明的方法,得到電子裝置1,其中電子組件10之端子11經由焊料30電性連接至電子組件20之端子21。
此外,可在電子組件10中設置複數個端子11,且可在電子組件20中設置複數個端子21而對應電子組件10之端子11。在此情況,可藉由第2A至2C圖所說明的方法將設置於各端子11之焊料30接著到各端子21上。
雖然第2A圖已說明將助熔劑40供應至電子組件10之於端子11上設置有焊料30之側,但也可將助熔劑40供應至電子組件20之設置有用於接著焊料30之端子21之側。可只將助熔劑40供應至電子組件20之側,或可將助熔劑40同時供應至電子組件10及電子組件20之側。如第2B圖所說明,藉由實施對位,將已被供應有助熔劑40的電子組件20配置成面對電子組件10(如,被供應有或未被供應有助熔劑40的電子組件10),且如第2C圖所說明將焊料30接著至端子21。
此外,雖然第2A至2C圖已例示其端子11上設置有焊料30的電子組件10與其上設置有端子21的電子組件20接著的實例,惟亦可在接著前將焊料設置在電子組件20之端子21上,然後再同樣地接著至電子組件10之 端子11。將助熔劑供應至電子組件10之側或電子組件20之側,或同時供應至電子組件10及電子組件20之側。然後,藉由進行對位而將在端子21上設置有焊料的電子組件20配置成面對在端子11上設置有焊料30的電子組件10,而將該焊料接著至焊料30。
至於各電子組件10及電子組件20,例如,可使用半導體元件(半導體晶片)、具有半導體晶片的半導體封裝件、或電路板。此外,稍後將說明半導體晶片、半導體封裝件及電路板的例示性組構(參見,如,第6至9B圖)。
如上文說明,有一種使用助熔劑接著焊料的方法。具有松香作為主要成分的松香基助熔劑公認為使用於接著焊料之助熔劑的一種類型。然而,使用松香基助熔劑的情況,可能發生下列事項。
第3圖為說明焊料接著後之狀態之實例的圖表。第3圖為簡略說明用焊料接著電子組件而得到之電子裝置實例的主要部分之橫截面視圖。
例如,參考第2A至2C圖之上述方法,使用松香基助熔劑40將設置在電子組件10之端子11上的焊料30接著至電子組件20之端子21。接著後,如第3圖說明,已使用之助熔劑40的殘留物40a(如,助熔劑殘渣)可能殘留在焊料30、端子11及端子21周遭(如,焊接接頭)。
如果助熔劑殘渣40a以此方式殘留,可能因助熔劑殘渣40a而在焊料30中、端子11中及端子21中發生腐蝕,或在加熱期間或通電期間從焊料30、端子11及 端子21中發生離子遷移。起因於助熔劑殘渣40a的腐蝕或離子遷移可能造成焊接接頭的接著強度降低、焊接接頭的電阻增加、相對於外圍導電部分(如,其他焊接接頭等)的絕緣電阻降低等。
因此,如上述在端子11及端子21間用焊料30接著後,為去除助熔劑殘渣40a可進行使用異丙醇(IPA)等之清洗。然而,使用IPA等之清洗無法充分去除使用松香基助熔劑40時發生的助熔劑殘渣40a。此外,助熔劑殘渣40a的成分、IPA等可能混合在保護膜12或保護膜22中,而可能造成膨脹或剝離。
當電子組件10及電子組件20(諸如半導體晶片或電路板)的端子間距變得更微細至,例如100μm或更少,而所使用之焊料30的直徑減小時,透過焊料30而接著之電子組件10及電子組件20間的間隙亦變得更窄。依此方式,很難從以狹窄間距包含有端子11及端子21的電子組件間之狹窄間隙導入/排出清洗溶液。因此,充分去除助熔劑殘渣40a可能變得困難。
至於助熔劑,除松香基助熔劑外,可使用含有鹵素(諸如氯)的水溶性助熔劑。在水溶性助熔劑的情況,可使用水作為清洗溶液。然而,使用水清洗可能不能充分去除助熔劑殘渣或其成分,且助熔劑殘渣可能具有強烈腐蝕性。
鑒於上述,本具體例中使用下列助熔劑來接著焊料30。
即,本具體例中,使用於接著焊料30的助熔劑40,乃使用含有75wt%或更多之以下列式(1)表示的乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑。
HO(CH2CH2O)nH…(1)
式(1)中,H為氫原子、C為碳原子及O為氧原子。聚合度n為4或更多的整數。
此外,式(1)之n=2、3、4的乙二醇聚合物,即,2個分子、3個分子及4個分子之乙二醇(HOCH2CH2OH)的聚合物分別為二乙二醇、三乙二醇及四乙二醇。為方便起見,5個或更多分子的乙二醇聚合物稱為聚乙二醇。根據本具體例之助熔劑係含有75wt%或更多,較佳地,80wt%或更多的4或更多分子的乙二醇聚合物(n4),即,四乙二醇(TEG)及聚乙二醇(PEG)。
根據本具體例之助熔劑除乙二醇聚合物外可含有黏度調節劑。至於黏度調節劑,例如,使用環氧樹脂。
再者,根據本具體例之助熔劑可含有活化劑。至於活化劑,例如,使用有機酸或有機酸酐。至於使用作為活化劑的有機酸或有機酸酐,可提及者為羧酸或羧酸酐,諸如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐及松脂酸。
在使用於焊料接著之助熔劑的調整及選擇上,首先,從接著焊料的類型(如,其熔點)而決定接著時的溫度條件(如,接著溫度),並由接著溫度而決定乙二醇聚合物的類型(如,分子量或平均分子量、蒸發溫度)。此 情形中,係將焊料的接著溫度設定在焊料的熔點,或比焊料熔點稍高的溫度,如,約高出10℃至50℃的溫度,以用於製造。此外,乙二醇聚合物的蒸發溫度往往隨分子量或平均分子量(在下文簡稱為分子量)的增加而增高。
使用助熔劑接著焊料的情況,在加熱焊料至預定接著溫度時,展現還原作用的乙二醇聚合物須完全或部分包覆焊料或焊料要接著的端子表面。乙二醇聚合物不存在焊料或端子表面時,可能無法發揮乙二醇聚合物的還原作用,而無法得到助熔劑的功能,則焊料與端子不能彼此接著。因此,助熔劑中的所有乙二醇聚合物必須在低於焊料接著溫度的溫度時不會蒸發(揮發)。換言之,由於接著時之加熱而產生之助熔劑中乙二醇聚合物的蒸發,必須直至達到相等或高於焊料的接著溫度時才能終止。使用具有能展現這些關於焊料之接著溫度的性質之分子量及蒸發溫度的乙二醇聚合物,而調整助熔劑或選擇含有此種乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑。
同時,較佳為助熔劑中的乙二醇聚合物存在於焊料或端子表面直至達到焊料的接著溫度,並蒸發而使得接著完畢後,亦即加熱終止時(如,冷卻開始時),殘餘量小或消失。簡言之,焊料接著後殘留為助熔劑殘渣的乙二醇聚合物量較少則為更佳者。因為如果焊料接著完畢後乙二醇聚合物的殘留量較少或消失則可不需要接著後的清洗。如果使用具有能展現這些關於焊料接著溫度的性質之分子量及蒸發溫度乙二醇聚合物而調整助熔劑,或選擇含 有該乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,則該助熔劑可使用作為免洗助熔劑。
然而,即使焊料接著完畢後乙二醇聚合物未蒸發而殘留,因為乙二醇聚合物本身溶於水,所以可用水清洗而去除接著後殘留的乙二醇聚合物。因此,即使接著後乙二醇聚合物殘留,相較於如上述使用松香基助熔劑時發生的助熔劑殘渣而用IPA等清洗,乙二醇聚合物助熔劑殘渣容易清洗並去除。
如上述,乙二醇聚合物的蒸發溫度往往隨分子量的增加而增高。例如,可將具有小分子量及低蒸發溫度的乙二醇聚合物施用於具有低熔點及低接著溫度的焊料接著。例如,可將具有大分子量及高蒸發溫度的乙二醇聚合物施用於具有高熔點及高接著溫度的焊料接著。
調整助熔劑以使得具有基於焊料接著溫度之分子量的乙二醇聚合物的含量大於75wt%,或選擇助熔劑以使得具有基於焊料接著溫度之分子量的乙二醇聚合物的含量大於75wt%。助熔劑殘渣可由黏度調節劑或活化劑所構成。助熔劑中的乙二醇聚合物含量為75wt%或較少時,存在於焊料或端子表面的乙二醇聚合物量少,而不能得到充分的乙二醇聚合物還原作用。為得到充分的還原作用,較佳為助熔劑含有75wt%或更多(更佳為80wt%或更多)之具有預定分子量的乙二醇聚合物。此外,因為諸如黏度調節劑(其係幾乎不溶於水)之成分的含量因乙二醇聚合物組成增加而減少,所以在進行使用水清洗的情況,可能進一 步遏止清洗後的殘渣殘留。
使用含有75wt%或更多之具有預定分子量的乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,而進行如上述參考第1A至2C圖之焊料接著。
第4A及4B圖為說明焊料接著後狀態之實例的圖表。第4A及4B圖為簡略說明用焊料接著電子組件而得到之電子裝置實例之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
例如,至於上述參考第2A至2C圖之助熔劑40,則使用含有75wt%或更多之具有預定分子量的乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,而接著設置在電子組件10之端子11上的焊料30及電子組件20之端子21。接著後為,例如,如第4A圖所說明之助熔劑殘渣40a少的狀況,或如第4B圖所說明之沒有助熔劑殘渣的狀況。可使用含有75wt%或更多預定之乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑作為低殘渣助熔劑或免洗助熔劑。
為了選擇助熔劑中所含有的乙二醇聚合物,較宜預先得到由於乙二醇聚合物之加熱所致之重量變化的資訊。
第5圖為說明乙二醇聚合物重量減少率之實例的圖表。
第5圖中,橫座標軸表示溫度[℃],及縱座標軸表示重量減少率[%]。第5圖說明加熱一定量的乙二醇聚合物(TEG、PEG)而將溫度從室溫升至500℃時測量乙二醇聚合物重量減少率之結果的實例。
第5圖中,TEG為四乙二醇(n=4)。
PEG200為具有平均分子量200的聚乙二醇。
PEG300為具有平均分子量300的聚乙二醇。
PEG400為具有平均分子量400的聚乙二醇。
PEG600為具有平均分子量600的聚乙二醇。
PEG1000為具有平均分子量1000的聚乙二醇。
PEG2000為具有平均分子量2,000的聚乙二醇。
第5圖中,依照由於加熱所致之溫度上升之乙二醇聚合物的重量降低傾向係取決於乙二醇聚合物的類型(如,取決於乙二醇聚合物的分子量)而彼此不同。隨著乙二醇聚合物分子量增加,因為蒸發而重量開始快速降低時的溫度係轉換到高溫側,且重量減少率為100%(如,所有乙二醇聚合物均已蒸發的溫度)時的溫度係轉換到高溫側。
得到第5圖中說明的資訊後,可基於欲接著之焊料的接著溫度,及基於例如以重量減少率為100%或預定重量減少率為50%時的溫度,而選擇使用於助熔劑之乙二醇聚合物的分子量。換言之,是以乙二醇聚合物能留在焊料或端子表面直至溫度達到接著溫度之方式選擇乙二醇聚合物的分子量。或者,藉由選擇乙二醇聚合物的分子量而使得接著時在加熱終止時(如,冷卻開始時)殘留量少或消失,而可實現具有使用作為低殘渣助熔劑或免洗助熔劑之組成的助熔劑。
焊料(諸如於其中添加諸如鉍(Bi)及銦(In)之 元素的Sn系焊料,其係稱為所謂低熔點焊料)的接著溫度,係超過100℃。再者,第5圖中,接著溫度超過400℃時,殘留在焊料或端子表面的乙二醇聚合物量降低,而不能得到充分的還原作用。鑒於此點,施用使用乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑之情況的焊料的接著溫度可以為,例如在100℃至400℃的範圍內。
以下,將說明實例。
得到表1結果的情況,係使用如第1A至1C圖所說明的方法,將助熔劑供應至設置有一組端子(第1A 圖)的電子組件上,及將焊料設置在各端子上(第1B圖)並加熱至預定的接著溫度(第1B圖),從而進行焊料接著。
端子係由銅(Cu)所形成。焊料係由主要含有錫(Sn)以及銀(Ag)及銅(Cu)(如,Ag:3.0wt%,Cu:0.5wt%)的Sn-Ag-Cu焊料所形成。Sn-Ag-Cu焊料的熔點為217℃,在氮(N2)氛圍中,240℃至250℃的條件下進行加熱,此情況下為245℃。即,此情況下的接著溫度為245℃。
至於使用於接著端子及焊料的助熔劑,則使用含有乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑。然後,評估可焊性、接著後清洗前的助熔劑殘渣量及接著後的助熔劑可清洗性。表1中各實施例1至14中表示結果的實例。
表1中,用於比較,比較實施例1中表示使用松香基助熔劑作為助熔劑的結果之實例,及比較實施例2中表示使用含鹵素之水溶性助熔劑作為助熔劑時的結果之實例。
此外,表1中,用於比較,比較實施例3至7中表示使用乙二醇、二乙二醇、二乙二醇二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚及三乙二醇作為助熔劑的結果。
表1之"可焊性",當焊料與全部端子接著時則評估為"○",與一些端子未接著時則評估為"△",與全部端子未接著時則評估為"×"。
用裸眼檢查與焊料接著之端子的外觀而評估表1之"助熔劑殘渣量",量為小、大及中時則分別指明為"小"、"大"及"中"。當助熔劑殘渣量指明為小時,電子組件 甚至不用清洗就可使用作為產品。當助熔劑殘渣量指明為大時,為了要使用該電子組件作為產品,較佳進行清洗。
焊料接著後進行清洗而可能將助熔劑殘渣充分去除時,則表1之"助熔劑可清洗性"指明為"○",而焊料接著後進行清洗而不可能將助熔劑殘渣充分去除時,則指明為"×"。使用乙二醇聚合物之實施例1至14及使用水溶性助熔劑之比較實施例2,清洗時使用水作為清洗溶液。使用松香基助熔劑之比較實施例1,清洗時使用IPA作為清洗溶液。
此外,比較實施例3至7,因為焊料未與端子接著,所以未進行助熔劑殘渣量及助熔劑可清洗性的評估。
比較實施例3至7及實施例1至8中,使用表1"助熔劑成分"中所說明者作為助熔劑,且未含有添加物,諸如黏度調節劑及活化劑。
實施例9至14中,使用含有具有平均分子量300的聚乙二醇,及5wt%至20wt%的琥珀酸、L-戊二酸、己二酸、琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐及松脂酸作為活化劑者,作為助熔劑。
表1"助熔劑成分"中所描述在聚乙二醇後面的數目200、300、400、600、1000、1540及2000表示聚乙二醇的平均分子量。
關於表1,首先說明比較實施例1至7的結果。
如比較實施例1中使用松香基助熔劑作為助熔劑的情況,雖然因為焊料與所有端子接著所以可焊性良好,但是助熔劑殘渣量大,且甚至使用IPA也不可能充分清除助熔劑殘渣。
如比較實施例2中使用含鹵素水溶性助熔劑作為助熔劑的情況,雖然因為焊料與所有端子接著所以可焊性良好,且助熔劑殘渣量小,但是不可能使用水清洗而充分去除助熔劑殘渣。
在比較實施例3中使用乙二醇、比較實施例4中使用二乙二醇(n=2)及比較實施例7中使用三乙二醇(n=3)作為助熔劑的情況,焊料與全部端子未接著而未觀察可焊性。同樣地,使用二乙二醇衍生物的情況,即,比較實施例5的二乙二醇二甲醚及比較實施例6的二乙二醇二乙醚,焊料與全部端子未接著而未觀察可焊性。
隨後,說明實施例1至14的結果。
實施例1中使用四乙二醇作為助熔劑的情況,雖然可焊性指明焊料與一些端子未接著,但是助熔劑殘渣量小,且由於其水溶解性所以可清洗性良好。
如第5圖所說明,在得到表1的結果之接著溫度為245℃的條件下,四乙二醇(TEG)的重量減少率為90%或更多。因此,咸認為在四乙二醇的情況,蒸發係進行直至溫度達到245℃之接著溫度,存在於焊料或端子表面的四乙二醇量變小而未能在接著溫度245℃充分展現還原作用。同時,因為以此方式進行蒸發而在接著點245℃ 時存在於焊料或端子表面的四乙二醇量變小,咸認為助熔劑殘渣量係變小。
在比Sn-Ag-Cu焊料為低的接著溫度進行焊料接著的情況,諸如於其中添加諸如Bi或In等元素的Sn系焊料,則存在焊料或端子表面的四乙二醇量增加而可在接著溫度充分展現還原作用。此外,雖可能由於低接著溫度而增加助熔劑殘渣量,但是可以使用水清洗而相對地簡單去除助熔劑殘渣。
此外,在實施例2中使用聚乙二醇200、實施例3中使用聚乙二醇300及實施例4中使用聚乙二醇400作為助熔劑的情況,因為焊料與全部端子接著所以可焊性良好。助熔劑殘渣量小,且由於其水溶解性所以可清洗性亦良好。
從第5圖咸信甚至在245℃接著溫度,仍有一定量之實施例2至4的聚乙二醇(PEG200、PEG300、PEG400)存在於焊料或端子表面。因此,可藉由蒸發遏止助熔劑殘渣量同時得到充分的還原作用。
在實施例5中使用聚乙二醇600及實施例6中使用聚乙二醇1000作為助熔劑的情況,因為焊料與全部端子接著所以可焊性良好。助熔劑殘渣量為中,但是由於其水溶解性所以可清洗性良好。
從第5圖咸信即使在245℃接著溫度,有比實施例2至4的聚乙二醇(PEG200、PEG300、PEG400)較大量之實施例5及6的聚乙二醇(PEG600、PEG1000)存在於焊料 或端子表面。因此,認為雖然可能得到充分還原作用,但助熔劑殘渣量增加。然而,可以使用水清洗而相對地簡單去除助熔劑殘渣。
在實施例7中使用聚乙二醇1540及實施例8中使用聚乙二醇2000作為助熔劑的情況,因為焊料與全部端子接著所以可焊性良好。助熔劑殘渣量變得比實施例5中使用聚乙二醇600或實施例6中使用聚乙二醇1000的大,但是由於其水溶解性所以可清洗性良好。
從第5圖咸信即使在245℃接著溫度,與實施例6的聚乙二醇(PEG1000)相同或較大量的實施例8的聚乙二醇(PEG2000)存在於焊料或端子表面。因此,在實施例7的聚乙二醇1540或實施例8的聚乙二醇2000的情況,一般認為雖然可能得到充分還原作用,但助熔劑殘渣量增加。
在高於表1所得結果之245℃之接著溫度之接著溫度進行焊料接著時,存在於焊料或端子表面如實施例5至8所使用的聚乙二醇之量在接著溫度時會降低。因此,可以降低助熔劑殘渣量。
如實施例9至14中使用添加各種類型的有機酸或有機酸酐至聚乙二醇300而得到的材料作為助熔劑的情況,因為焊料與全部端子接著所以可焊性良好。助熔劑殘渣量小,且由於其水溶解性所以可清洗性亦良好。
對各種類型的聚乙二醇,各有一個溫度而在這溫度其活性增加且容易得到充分還原作用。例如,對四乙二醇該溫度為233℃,對聚乙二醇200為240℃,對聚乙 二醇300為292℃,對聚乙二醇400為360℃,對聚乙二醇600為380℃,及對聚乙二醇1000為393℃。對添加各種類型的有機酸或有機酸酐至聚乙二醇300而得到的材料,則約為290℃。此外,對二乙二醇為180℃,對二乙二醇二甲醚為78℃,及對三乙二醇為203℃。當焊料接著溫度接近容易得到高活性的溫度時,則得到高還原作用。選擇使用於助熔劑的乙二醇聚合物時,除了焊料接著溫度和乙二醇聚合物分子量間的關係外,較佳考量容易得到高活性的溫度。
進一步,說明實例。
第1個實例中,在助熔劑中使用如表1實施例1至6中所說明之具有平均分子量200至1000的聚乙二醇,將具有直徑40μm及節距80μm之焊錫凸塊的半導體裝置與設置有具有相同80μm節距之端子的電路板互相接著。使用Sn-Ag-Cu焊料(如,具有熔點217℃)作為焊錫凸塊,將半導體裝置的焊錫凸塊配置成面對電路板的端子,透過在N2氛圍中回焊而進行焊錫凸塊與端子間的接著。接著溫度為245℃。確定經由接著而得到的電子裝置沒有電氣問題後,施行500個循環的-55℃至125℃溫度循環試驗。其結果,電阻的增加為10%,這是令人滿意的。甚至將電子裝置留在121℃及濕度85%的環境下1000小時後,對沒有電氣問題的電子裝置施行相同的溫度循環試驗時,電阻的增加為10%或較少,這是令人滿意的。
第2個實例中,在助熔劑中使用如表1實施 例9至14中所說明之具有平均分子量300且其中添加有機酸或有機酸酐的聚乙二醇,將具有直徑40μm及節距80μm之焊錫凸塊的半導體裝置與設置有具有相同80μm節距之端子的電路板互相接著。使用Sn-Ag-Cu焊料(如,具有熔點217℃)作為焊錫凸塊,將半導體裝置的焊錫凸塊配置成面對電路板的端子,透過在N2氛圍中回焊而進行焊錫凸塊與端子間的接著。接著溫度為245℃。確定經由接著而得到的電子裝置沒有電氣問題後,施行500個循環的-55℃至125℃溫度循環試驗。其結果,電阻的增加為10%,這是令人滿意的。甚至將電子裝置留在121℃及濕度85%的環境下1000小時後,對沒有電氣問題的電子裝置施行相同的溫度循環試驗時,電阻的增加為10%或較少,這是令人滿意的。進一步,在130℃、濕度85%及4V偏壓下,對沒有電氣問題的電子裝置施行高加速壽命試驗,其結果,確認甚至在96小時後亦無絕緣電阻劣化。
使用含有75wt%或更多乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,得到良好可焊性,且得到有優異連接可靠性的電子裝置。再者,表2中表示含有75wr%或更多乙二醇聚合物之助熔劑的組成實例。
例如,可使用,將兩種類型之環氧樹脂(環氧樹脂-1、2)各10wt%作為黏度調節劑及5wt%之各種活化劑其中之一添加至75wt%乙二醇聚合物而得到的材料作為助熔劑。添加黏度調節劑使助熔劑具有高黏度以便展現還原作用的乙二醇聚合物可易於留在焊料表面等。添加活化劑諸如琥珀酸酐、戊二酸酐、己二酸及L-戊二酸而改善焊料可濕性、可焊性、助熔劑可清洗性等。
基於焊料接著溫度而選擇乙二醇聚合物的分子量後,可以添加預定量的黏度調節劑或活化劑至75wt%或更多的乙二醇聚合物中而調整用於焊料接著的助熔劑,例如,如表2中所示。
如上述,本具體例中,使用含有75wt%或更多之具有4或更多聚合度的乙二醇聚合物之助熔劑做為焊料接著用的助熔劑。此情況下,基於焊料接著條件而選擇助熔劑中乙二醇聚合物的分子量,且係依下述條件選擇: 乙二醇聚合物在低於焊料接著溫度的溫度時不會全部蒸發,亦即,直至達到與焊料接著溫度相同或較高的溫度,否則不會終止蒸發。
使用主要含有乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,可以獲得良好可焊性。再者,著眼於接著溫度而適當地選擇分子量,可以遏止助熔劑殘渣。即使接著後助熔劑殘渣殘留,亦可使用水清洗而去除助熔劑殘渣。
根據本具體例之助熔劑不含松香、造成助熔劑殘渣的觸變劑及活化劑成分之一的胺鹽,或可只含很少量。因此,可遏止甚至使用清洗溶液諸如IPA亦難以去除之助熔劑殘渣的發生。此外,可實現不含對保護膜諸如阻焊劑有害成分的助熔劑。
根據本具體例之助熔劑含有乙二醇聚合物作為主要成分,而助熔劑殘渣主要由乙二醇聚合物所形成。因此,著眼於接著溫度而適當地選擇分子量並使乙二醇聚合物作為助熔劑,而蒸發直到加熱後之冷卻,藉此可降低或消除助熔劑殘渣。因此,可使用作為低殘渣助熔劑或免洗助熔劑。即使發生助熔劑殘渣,該助熔劑殘渣主要由乙二醇聚合物所形成,可使用水清洗而去除,不需要使用有機溶劑諸如IPA清洗。
根據含有預定量之預定乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑,可以獲得經由遏止助熔劑殘渣造成的腐蝕或離子遷移及諸如絕緣電阻降低之缺點而有高可靠性及高性能的電子裝置。
此外,只要助熔劑含有75wt%或更多之具有4或更多聚合度的乙二醇聚合物且在低於焊料接著溫度的溫度時不會蒸發,則該助熔劑可含有複數類型分子量、複數類型平均分子量的乙二醇聚合物。
前述中,說明使用乙二醇聚合物的助熔劑。如上述。至於使用助熔劑而接著的電子組件10及20等,可使用半導體晶片、包含半導體晶片的半導體封裝件、或電路板。將參考以下第6至9圖而說明半導體晶片、半導體封裝件及電路板的例示性組構。
第6圖為說明半導體晶片之例示性組構的圖表。第6圖為簡略說明半導體晶片之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
第6圖所說明的半導體晶片3100包含:半導體基板3110,其中設置有元件諸如電晶體;及設置在半導體基板3110上的佈線層3120。
至於半導體基板3110,除了諸如矽(Si)、鍺(Ge)及矽鍺(SiGe)之基板外,還使用諸如砷化鎵(GaAs)及磷化銦(InP)之基板。半導體基板3110中,設置有諸如電晶體、電容器及電阻器之元件。第6圖中說明作為元件實例的金屬氧化物半導體(MOS)電晶體3130。
將MOS電晶體3130設置在由元件隔離區域3110a限定的元件區域,而該元件隔離區域則設置在半導體基板3110上。MOS電晶體3130包含隔著閘極絕緣膜3131而在半導體基板3110上形成的閘極3132,及在半導體基 板3110的閘極3132兩側形成的源極區3133及汲極區3134。在閘極3132的側牆上,設置以絕緣膜所形成的間隔物3135(側牆)。
將佈線層3120設置在半導體基板3110上,而該半導體基板3110上設置有MOS電晶體3130等。佈線層3120包含電性連接至設置在半導體基板3110上的MOS電晶體3130等的導電部分3121(如,佈線及通孔),及覆蓋在導電部分3121的絕緣部分3122。第6圖中,舉例說明電性連接至MOS電晶體3130的源極區3133及汲極區3134之導電部分3121。於導電部分3121,使用各種不同導電材料,諸如Cu。於絕緣部分3122,使用諸如二氧化矽之無機絕緣材料或諸如樹脂之有機絕緣材料。
佈線層3120之最外表面的導電部分3121包含成為外接用端子3121a的部分。在接著半導體晶片3100與其他電子組件之前或當時,可預先將焊料(如,上述焊料30)接著至端子3121a。
第7A及7B圖為說明半導體封裝件之例示性組構的圖表。第7A及7B圖各為簡略說明半導體封裝件之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
第7A圖中所說明的半導體封裝件3200包含封裝基板3210(如,電路板)、安設在封裝基板3210上的半導體晶片3220及封裝半導體晶片3220的封裝層3230。
至於封裝基板3210,則例如,使用印刷基板。封裝基板3210包含導電部分3211(如,佈線及通孔) 及覆蓋導電部分3211的絕緣部分3212。至於導電部分3211,則使用各種不同導電材料,諸如Cu。至於絕緣部分3212,則使用樹脂材料,諸如酚樹脂、環氧樹脂及聚醯亞胺樹脂、樹脂材料經浸漬於玻璃纖維或碳纖維而成的複合樹脂材料等。
用固晶材料3240(諸如樹脂或導電膠)將半導體晶片3220附著或固定在封裝基板3210上,並用線3250電性連接(打線接合)至封裝基板3210。用封裝層3230封裝封裝基板3210上的半導體晶片3220及線3250。至於封裝層3230,則使用諸如環氧樹脂之樹脂材料、於樹脂材料中含有絕緣填充劑的材料等。
在封裝基板3210之安裝有半導體晶片3220的表面的相反側表面的導電部分3211包含成為外接用端子3211a的部分。在接著半導體封裝件3200與其他電子組件之前或當時,可預先將焊料(如,上述焊料30)接著至端子3122a。
此外,可在封裝基板3210安設複數個半導體晶片3220,及除了半導體晶片3220外,可安設其他電子組件,諸如晶片電容器。
第7B圖中所說明的半導體封裝件3300包含封裝基板3310(如,電路板)、安設在封裝基板3310上的半導體晶片3320及覆蓋半導體晶片3320的封裝層3330。
至於封裝基板3310,則例如使用印刷基板。封裝基板3310包含Cu等的導電部分3311(如,佈線及 通孔),及覆蓋導電部分3311的樹脂材料等的絕緣部分3312。
利用設置在其中的焊料3340(如,凸塊)將半導體晶片3320電性連接(如,覆晶接著)至封裝基板3310。在封裝基板3310及半導體晶片3320間填充底層填充料3341。用封裝層3330將半導體晶片3320封裝在封裝基板3310上。至於封裝層3330,則使用諸如環氧樹脂之樹脂材料、在樹脂材料中含有絕緣填充劑的材料等。
在封裝基板3310之安設有半導體晶片3320之表面的相反側表面的導電部分3311包含成為外接用端子3311a的部分。在接著半導體封裝件3300與其他電子組件之前或當時,可預先將焊料(如,上述焊料30)接著至端子3311a。
此外,可在封裝基板3310上安設複數個半導體晶片3320,及除了半導體晶片3320外,可安設其他電子組件,諸如晶片電容器。
至於半導體封裝件,可使用如第8圖所說明之所謂偽系統晶片(偽SoC)。
第8圖為說明半導體封裝件之例示性組構的圖表。第8圖為簡略說明半導體封裝件另一個實例之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
第8圖中所說明的半導體封裝件3400包含樹脂層3410、嵌入樹脂層3410的複數個半導體晶片3420(如,此實施例中為2個)及設置在樹脂層3410上的佈 線層3430(如,重新佈線層)。
將半導體晶片3420嵌入樹脂層3410中以暴露端子3420a的配置表面。佈線層3430包含Cu等的導電部分3431(如,重新佈線及通孔),及覆蓋導電部分3431的樹脂材料等的絕緣部分3432。
佈線層3430之最外表面的導電部分3431包含成為外接用端子3431a的部分。重新定位半導體晶片3420之端子3420a的位置到端子3431a的位置而用於導電部分3431的外連接。在接著半導體晶片3400與其他電子組件之前或當時,預先將焊料(如,上述焊料30)接著至端子3431a。
此外,可在樹脂層3410中嵌入1或3個或更多個半導體晶片3420,及除了半導體晶片3420外,可嵌入其他電子組件,諸如晶片電容器。
第9A及9B圖為說明電路板之例示性組構的圖表。第9A及9B圖各為簡略說明電路板實例之主要部分的橫截面視圖。
第9A圖說明包含複數個佈線層而作為電路板3500的多層印刷電路版。如第7A圖所說明的封裝基板3210及第7B圖所說明的封裝基板3310的相同方式,電路板3500包含Cu等的導電部分3511(如,佈線及通孔),及覆蓋導電部分3511的樹脂材料等的絕緣部分3512。
電路板3500之最外表面的導電部分3511包含成為外接用端子3511a的部分。在接著電路板3500與其 他電子組件之前或當時,預先將焊料接著至端子3511a。
第9B圖說明使用積層法所形成的積層基板作為電路板3600。電路板3600包含芯板3610、設置在芯板3610上的絕緣層3620、透過絕緣層3620而設置的導電性圖案3630及連接不同導電性圖案3630間的通孔3640。至於芯板3610,則使用陶瓷材料、有機材料等。至於絕緣層3620,則使用絕緣材料諸如預浸料。至於導電性圖案3630及通孔3640,則使用導電性材料諸如Cu。
電路板3600之最外表面的導電性圖案3630包含成為外接用端子3630a的部分。在接著電路板3600與其他電子組件之前或當時,預先將焊料(如,上述焊料30)接著至端子3630a。
例如,可在電子組件10及20等中使用如第6圖所說明的半導體晶片3100、如第7A至8圖所說明的半導體封裝件3200、3300及3400及如第9A及9B圖所說明的電路板3500及3600。
至於接著的電子組件組合,例如,有半導體晶片與電路板的組合、半導體封裝件與電路板的組合及半導體晶片與半導體晶片的組合。此外,至於接著的電子組件組合,有半導體晶片間的組合、半導體封裝件間的組合及電路板間的組合。
1‧‧‧電子裝置
10、20‧‧‧電子組件
11、21‧‧‧端子
12、22‧‧‧保護膜
30‧‧‧焊料
40a‧‧‧助熔劑殘渣

Claims (9)

  1. 一種使用於接著焊料的助熔劑,包括:75wt%或更多的以下列式表示之乙二醇聚合物:HO(CH2CH2O)nH…[n為4或更多的整數],其中該乙二醇聚合物被加熱時的蒸發係在相等或高於焊料的接著溫度的溫度終止。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之助熔劑,其中該乙二醇聚合物所具有之分子量係使該乙二醇聚合物被加熱時的蒸發在相等或高於該接著溫度的溫度時終止。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之助熔劑,其中該接著溫度在100℃至400℃的範圍內。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之助熔劑,其中當該接著溫度在240℃至250℃的範圍內時,該乙二醇聚合物的分子量在200至1000的範圍內。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之助熔劑,其中該助熔劑含有有機酸或有機酸酐。
  6. 一種製造電子裝置的方法,該方法包括:使用助熔劑將焊料接著至第一電子組件的第一端子,其中該助熔劑含有75wt%或更多的以下列式表示之乙二醇聚合物:HO(CH2CH2O)nH…[n為4或更多的整數],其中乙二醇聚合物被加熱時的蒸發係在相等或高於該焊料的接著溫度的溫度終止。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該助熔劑係設置在該焊料及該第一端子其中至少一者,且使該焊料與要被加熱至該接著溫度的該第一端子接觸。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中該焊料係被配置在第二電子組件的第二端子上。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述之方法,其中在將該焊料接著至該第一端子後,使用水進行清洗。
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