TW201523579A - 用於判定是否停用主動噪音消除電路之一可攜式音訊裝置及方法 - Google Patents

用於判定是否停用主動噪音消除電路之一可攜式音訊裝置及方法 Download PDF

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TW201523579A
TW201523579A TW104106557A TW104106557A TW201523579A TW 201523579 A TW201523579 A TW 201523579A TW 104106557 A TW104106557 A TW 104106557A TW 104106557 A TW104106557 A TW 104106557A TW 201523579 A TW201523579 A TW 201523579A
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anc
noise
user
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Guy C Nicholson
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Apple Inc
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    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1783Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions
    • G10K11/17833Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
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    • G10K11/17833Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
    • G10K11/17835Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels using detection of abnormal input signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • G10K11/1787General system configurations
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Abstract

主動噪音消除(ANC)電路耦接至一可攜式音訊裝置中之一耳機揚聲器之輸入,用以控制在該裝置外且可由該裝置之一使用者聽到之周圍聲噪音。一麥克風將拾取該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音以及該周圍聲噪音。控制電路回應於判定該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音已由噪音破壞之程度之一估計值指示噪音造成之非充分破壞而撤銷啟動該ANC。在另一實施例中,該ANC決定係回應於判定該周圍噪音位準之一估計值大於可由該ANC誘發之一人為音訊之一臨限位準。亦描述且主張其他實施例。

Description

用於判定是否停用主動噪音消除電路之一可攜式音訊裝置及方法
本發明之一實施例係關於可攜式音訊裝置(諸如,行動電話)中之主動噪音消除(ANC)程序或電路之啟動及撤銷啟動。亦描述其他實施例。
行動電話使其使用者能夠在許多不同聲環境中進行對話,該等環境中之一些環境相對較安靜,而其他環境相當嘈雜。使用者可能處於特別惡劣之聲環境(亦即,具有高的背景或周圍噪音位準)中,諸如,在熱鬧的街道上或在機場或火車站附近。為了改良遠端使用者之話語對處於惡劣的聲環境(亦即,在行動電話周圍之周圍聲噪音或不需要之聲音特別高的環境)中之近端使用者來說的可理解度,可在行動電話中實施被稱為主動噪音消除(ANC)之音訊信號處理技術。關於ANC,藉由產生經設計以消除背景聲音之抗噪音信號及用此抗噪音信號驅動耳機揚聲器來減小近端使用者經由被耳機揚聲器壓住或帶著耳機揚聲器之耳朵所聽到之背景聲音。此等周圍噪音減小系統可基於兩種不同原理(即,「反饋」方法及「前饋」方法)中之一者。
在反饋方法中,將小型麥克風置放於形成於使用者之耳朵與耳機殼層之內部之間的空腔內。此麥克風用以拾取已滲入至該空腔中之 背景聲音。來自該麥克風之輸出信號經由可能包括類比放大器及數位濾波器之負反饋迴路而耦接回至耳機揚聲器。此形成一伺服系統,其中耳機揚聲器經驅動以便嘗試在拾取麥克風處產生零聲壓位準。與之形成對比,關於前饋方法,將拾取麥克風置放於耳機殼層外部以便直接偵測周圍噪音。將偵測到之信號再次放大,且可使用類比及/或數位信號處理組件將該信號反轉且以其他方式濾波,且接著將該信號饋入至耳機揚聲器。此方法經設計以產生組合式聲輸出,該組合式聲輸出不僅含有主要音訊內容信號(在此情況下為遠端使用者之下行鏈路話語),而且含有噪音減小信號分量。噪音減小信號分量經設計以在耳機揚聲器之出口處基本上消除傳入之周圍聲噪音。此等ANC技術均意欲為處於惡劣之聲噪音環境中之可攜式音訊裝置使用者產生容易收聽的體驗。
在本發明之一實施例中,一可攜式音訊裝置具有:一耳機揚聲器,其具有用以接收一音訊信號之一輸入;及一第一麥克風,其用以拾取該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音及在該裝置外但可由該裝置之一使用者聽到之任何環境或背景聲噪音。該裝置亦包括耦接至該耳機揚聲器之該輸入之ANC電路,其用以控制該周圍聲噪音。計算該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音已由周圍聲噪音破壞之程度之一估計值。控制電路接著判定此估計值是否指示噪音造成之非充分破壞,在判定此估計值指示噪音造成之非充分破壞的情況下,控制電路將撤銷啟動該ANC電路。此將幫助在可攜式裝置中節省電池壽命,因為在許多例子中,在可攜式音訊裝置之使用者周圍之聲環境並不惡劣,亦即聲環境相對較安靜,以使得執行ANC並不提供使用者益處。
然而,若該估計值指示噪音造成之充分破壞(例如,當使用者處於惡劣之聲環境中時),則做出不撤銷啟動該ANC電路之一決定。換 言之,若該估計值指示存在周圍聲噪音造成之充分破壞,則將允許該ANC電路繼續操作。
在一實施例中,在計算一信雜比且接著關於撤銷啟動或是啟動該ANC做出臨限決定之前,根據主觀響度加權來使該周圍聲噪音及該主要音訊信號之估計值平滑化且接著使該等估計值平均化。可篩選該主觀響度加權,使得(在判定SNR時)僅考慮預期該ANC有效之頻率。舉例而言,在一些情況下,該ANC造成之有效噪音減小可能限於500Hz至1500Hz之範圍。又,僅在已將滯後引入至臨限SNR值中之後,方可做出啟動或是撤銷啟動該ANC之該決定,以防止在接近臨限值時該決定之快速切換。
在另一實施例中,判定一臨限值,該臨限值表示該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音中的可由該ANC誘發之一人為音訊(audio artifact)之一實際或預期強度。此人為效應係由ANC電路之操作導致,且有時被稱為可由使用者聽到之「嘶聲」。若認為該估計之周圍聲噪音比該嘶聲臨限值響,則啟動ANC(或不撤銷啟動ANC),藉此允許ANC繼續減小不需要之周圍聲音。另一方面,若由使用者聽到之嘶聲比必須消除之噪音多,則撤銷啟動ANC電路。此反映ANC電路並不提供足夠使用者益處且因此可能關機以省電之情況。
根據本發明之另一實施例,一種用於使用一可攜式音訊裝置執行一通話或播放一音訊檔案或一音訊串流之方法可如下進行。啟動該裝置中之ANC電路以控制該通話或播放期間之周圍聲噪音。計算該裝置之一耳機揚聲器發出之聲音已由該周圍聲噪音破壞之程度之一估計值。接著進行該估計值是否指示噪音造成之非充分破壞之判定,在判定該估計值指示噪音造成之非充分破壞的情況下,撤銷啟動該ANC電路。另一方面,若該估計值指示噪音造成之充分破壞,則將允許該ANC電路繼續操作以便減小不需要之周圍聲音。可將該估計值計算為 信雜比(SNR),其可涉及一下行鏈路話語信號或在播放一音訊檔案或一音訊串流時產生之一音訊信號。
在一實施例中,可藉由將一數位抗噪音濾波器(其輸出饋入該耳機揚聲器)之分接頭係數設定為零,使得該濾波器基本上不輸出信號,來撤銷啟動該ANC電路。另外,該ANC電路之撤銷啟動亦可包括同時停用一通常更新彼等分接頭係數之適應性濾波器控制器,使得不再更新該等分接頭係數。
在一替代實施例中,可藉由停用該適應性濾波器控制器,使得該抗噪音濾波器之不再更新該等分接頭係數(例如,凍結該適應性濾波器,使得雖然該抗噪音濾波器輸出某一信號,但該抗噪音濾波器無變化且該控制器不計算該濾波器之任何更新),來撤銷啟動該ANC電路。
在用於使用該可攜式音訊裝置執行一通話或播放一音訊檔案或音訊串流之方法之又一實施例中,在該通話或播放期間不啟動該ANC電路,直至已判定存在該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音之充分破壞(歸因於周圍聲噪音之存在)。此後,再次計算該耳機揚聲器發出之聲音(在該通話或播放期間)被破壞之程度之一估計值,且若存在周圍聲噪音造成之非充分破壞,則撤銷啟動該ANC電路。
以上概述並不包括本發明之所有態樣之詳盡清單。預期本發明包括可根據上文所概述之各種態樣之所有合適組合來實踐的所有系統及方法,以及在以下[實施方式]中揭示且在隨本申請案申請之[申請專利範圍]中特別指出之系統及方法。此等組合具有以上概述中未具體敍述之特定優點。
2‧‧‧可攜式音訊裝置
3‧‧‧網路
4‧‧‧音訊裝置
5‧‧‧基地台
6‧‧‧耳機揚聲器
8‧‧‧誤差麥克風
9‧‧‧噪音量測電路/參考麥克風
10‧‧‧主動噪音消除(ANC)電路
11‧‧‧主動噪音消除(ANC)決定控制區塊
12‧‧‧混音器/主觀響度加權區塊
13‧‧‧第一濾波器
14‧‧‧平均化區塊
15‧‧‧臨限決定區塊
16‧‧‧適應性濾波器控制器/抗噪音濾波器
17‧‧‧第二濾波器
18‧‧‧差分單元
19‧‧‧適應性濾波器控制器
20‧‧‧濾波器
21‧‧‧差分單元
22‧‧‧抗噪音數位濾波器
an(k)‧‧‧抗噪音信號
F‧‧‧設備
F'‧‧‧轉移函數
n'(k)‧‧‧噪音
n"(k)‧‧‧經平滑化之噪音估計值
s'(k)‧‧‧信號
s"(k)‧‧‧經平滑化之信號估計值
圖1描繪使用者在惡劣之聲環境中使用之行動通信裝置。
圖2為用於在音訊裝置中基於信號及噪音之估計值做ANC決定之 系統的方塊圖。
圖3為用於控制程序或電路之演算法的方塊圖,該演算法基於信號及噪音估計值做啟動或是撤銷啟動ANC之決定。
圖4為句子及單音節詞之可理解度對SNR之曲線圖。
圖5為前饋ANC及基於信號及噪音估計值之ANC決定控制之方塊圖。
圖6為反饋ANC及基於信號及噪音估計值之ANC決定控制之方塊圖。
圖7描繪用於做ANC決定之演算法或程序。
圖8描繪用於基於計算周圍噪音之強度且比較該強度與一嘶聲臨限值來做ANC決定之另一演算法。
在隨附圖式之諸圖中藉由實例而非限制來說明本發明之實施例,在該等圖中,類似參考指示類似元件。應注意,本發明中對本發明之「一」實施例之參考未必參考同一實施例,且該等參考意謂至少一實施例。
現解釋參看附加圖式之本發明之若干實施例。雖然陳述許多細節,但應理解,可在無此等細節之情況下實踐本發明之一些實施例。在其他例子中,未詳細展示熟知之電路、結構及技術,以便不混淆對此描述之理解。
圖1描繪由近端使用者在惡劣之聲環境中使用之可攜式音訊裝置2(此處為行動通信裝置)。近端使用者在與遠端使用者進行對話時使可攜式音訊裝置2(且詳言之,耳機揚聲器6)保持靠在該近端使用者之耳朵上。該對話通常以被稱為近端使用者之可攜式音訊裝置2與遠端使用者之音訊裝置4之間的「通話」之形式發生。在此情況下,通話或通信連接或頻道包括一無線區段,其中基地台5使用(例如)蜂巢式 電話協定與近端使用者之裝置2通信。然而,一般而言,此處所描述之做ANC決定之機制適用於其他類型之手持型電池供電式音訊裝置,包括結合普通舊式電話系統(POTS)、公眾交換電話網路(PSTN)及(可能)經由高速網際網路連接(例如,使用網際網路語音通信協定)之一或多個區段而使用任何已知類型之網路3(包括無線/蜂巢式及無線/區域網路)的可攜式音訊通信裝置。
在通話期間,近端使用者可聽到其周圍的周圍聲噪音中之一些,其中周圍聲噪音可滲入已在使用者之耳朵與殼層或外殼(耳機揚聲器6位於其後)之間產生的空腔中。在此單耳配置中,近端使用者可在其左耳中聽到遠端使用者之話語,但另外亦可聽到已滲入至緊靠其左耳之空腔中之周圍聲噪音中之一些。近端使用者之右耳完全曝露於周圍噪音。
如上文所解釋,在音訊裝置2內操作之主動噪音消除(ANC)機制可減小進入使用者之左耳且本來將破壞主要音訊內容(在此情況下為遠端使用者之話語)之不需要的聲音。然而,在一些情況下,ANC給予話語可理解度很少的明顯改良,特別是在使用者之耳朵處之信雜比(SNR)大於特定臨限值之情況下(如下文所論述)。此外,ANC誘發在相對安靜之環境中可由使用者聽到之人為聲訊(audible artifact)。當已判定ANC對使用者可能並無實質益處時,本發明之各種實施例以幫助減少此等人為聲訊之存在且節約電力的方式關於ANC之啟動及撤銷啟動做決定。
現轉而參看圖2,展示了用於在音訊裝置中基於信號及噪音之估計值做ANC決定之系統的方塊圖。ANC區塊10(亦被稱為ANC電路10)產生抗噪音信號an(k),藉由混音器12組合該抗噪音信號an(k)與所要音訊信號,然後饋入至耳機揚聲器6之輸入。此可能完全為習知之反饋或前饋ANC機制。根據本發明之一實施例,ANC決定控制區塊11基 於信號s'(k)及噪音n'(k)之所計算或估計之值來判定啟動或是撤銷啟動ANC區塊10。此處使用對s'(k)及n'(k)之參考來表示離散值之時間序列,因為本發明中所描繪之區塊對任何音訊信號執行之信號處理操作係在離散時域中。更一般而言,有可能以類比形式(連續時域)實施該等功能單元區塊中之一些或全部。然而,據信數位域更加靈活且更適合於在現代消費型電子音訊裝置(諸如,智慧型電話、數位媒體播放器,以及桌上型個人電腦及筆記型個人電腦)中實施。
藉由噪音量測電路9來計算信號及噪音估計值,該噪音量測電路9包括誤差麥克風8,該誤差麥克風8係以拾取如下兩者的方式來定位及定向:(a)耳機揚聲器6發出之聲音及(b)已滲入至在耳機揚聲器6前面之手機外殼或殼層(圖中未繪示)與使用者之耳朵之間的空腔或區域中之周圍聲噪音。誤差麥克風8可嵌入於亦整合有耳機揚聲器6之蜂巢式手機之外殼中,對準由使用者之耳朵及手機之正面耳機區域形成之空腔(亦即,靠近耳機揚聲器且遠離用以拾取近端使用者之話語之主要或談話者麥克風(圖中未繪示)而定位)。耳機揚聲器6及誤差麥克風8連同靠著使用者之耳朵所形成之聲空腔之此組合被稱為由ANC電路10控制之系統或設備;將此系統或設備之頻率回應標記為F。一數位濾波器模型化該系統或設備F,且將該數位濾波器描述為具有頻率回應F',如所展示,該頻率回應之一例子作為第一濾波器13出現在噪音量測電路9中。由該麥克風拾取之一信號被饋入至一差分單元18,該差分單元18之另一輸入接收來自第一濾波器13之輸出之一信號。此允許差分單元18之輸出提供周圍聲噪音n'(k)之估計值,而第二濾波器17(F'之第二例子)之輸出提供主要或所要音訊信號s'(k)(此處為下行鏈路話語信號)之估計值。
將估計之信號s'(k)及n'(k)輸入至ANC決定控制電路11,ANC決定控制電路11可接著判定耳機揚聲器6發出之聲音已由周圍聲噪音破壞 之程度之估計值(例如,SNR)。可在ANC有效之主要為聲訊的頻率範圍中(例如,在300Hz至500Hz之間的低端,至多在1.5kHz至2kHz之高端)計算SNR。可將信號及噪音位準計算為在ANC之有效頻率範圍內及在序列s'(k)及n'(k)之有限時間間隔或訊框中之信號能量。若該指示為存在噪音造成之非充分破壞(或SNR大於一預定臨限值),則撤銷啟動ANC電路10,此符合ANC在此情形下對近端使用者可能無益處之想法。
ANC決定控制11或者可判定其計算出之估計值確實指示噪音造成之充分破壞(或SNR小於該預定臨限值)。在該情況下,不應撤銷啟動ANC電路10(符合此處的預期ANC藉由增加遠端使用者之話語之可理解度而對近端使用者有益之想法)。在本發明之再一實施例中,ANC決定控制11接著實際啟動ANC電路10。
仍參看圖2,在耳機揚聲器6為行動或無線電話手機(例如,蜂巢式電話、具有基於無線區域網路之網際網路電話能力之智慧型電話,及基於衛星之行動電話)之整合式「接收器」之實施例中,視使用者如何及是否使手機的耳機區域保持靠著其耳朵而定,設備F實質上改變(例如)多達40分貝。在該情況下,轉移函數F'(其出現在濾波器13、17兩者中)之固定模型可能無法正確判定信號估計值s'(k)及噪音估計值n'(k)。因此,應在手機之操作期間(例如,在通話期間)連續地更新轉移函數F'。可將濾波器13、17實施為數位適應性濾波器,其分接頭係數係由適應性濾波器控制器16根據任何合適之習知演算法(例如,最小均方演算法)來調適。適應性濾波器控制器16以音訊信號(其亦輸入至混音器12)及噪音之估計值n'(k)作為輸入,且使用(例如)最小均方演算法進行一迭代程序,該迭代程序嘗試使該等分接頭係數收斂,使得來自音訊信號之極少內容或無來自音訊信號之內容出現在差分單元21之輸出中。換言之,適應性濾波器控制器16調適該等分接頭係數 (反映在濾波器13、17兩者中),使得濾波器之轉移函數F'基本上匹配系統或設備F之轉移函數。實務上,獲得此匹配可能需要短的收斂時間(例如,大約一或兩秒),因為在使用者將手機移動靠近及遠離耳朵時,設備F改變。因此,ANC決定控制區塊11所做之任何決定可取決於來自適應性濾波器控制器16之如下信號:設備F之模型化為最新的,或適應性濾波器演算法中存在充分收斂。
圖2中所描繪之配置實務上可在一音訊編碼器/解碼器積體電路晶粒(亦被稱為編碼解碼器晶片)內實施,該晶粒可執行若干其他音訊相關功能,諸如,麥克風信號之類比至數位轉換、數位至類比轉換及類比預先放大。在其他實施例中,圖2之配置可在一適合於行動無線通信之數位信號處理編碼解碼器中實施,其中該編碼解碼器可包括諸如下行鏈路及上行鏈路話語增強處理之功能,例如下列各者中之一或多者:混音、聲回音消除、噪音抑制、話語頻道自動增益控制、壓擴及擴展,及等化。可在離散時域中執行圖2中所描繪之完整功能性,其中諸如類比麥克風之輸出之類比信號已轉換成數位形式,且混音器12之輸出信號已在輸入至耳機揚聲器6之前轉換成類比形式;不必在圖中明確地描述或展示、指示此等熟知態樣。
現轉而參看圖3,展示了用於ANC決定控制11(參見圖2)之演算法,其中計算信雜比(SNR)且比較其與一臨限值。圖3中所描繪之區塊可為數位時域處理元件,或該等區塊可為頻域處理元件。信號估計值s'(k)及噪音估計值n'(k)均通過一平滑化調節器,在此情況下,該平滑化調節器包括主觀響度加權區塊12及平均化區塊14。響度加權區塊12可為在量測音訊系統中之噪音時所使用之典型篩選操作(例如,A加權、ITU-R 468)。平均化區塊14可實施典型的均方根或其他合適的信號平均化演算法(例如,ITU-T G.160),如下式所例示:
接著由臨限決定區塊15使用在響度加權區塊12及平均化區塊14之後的輸出序列,基於如圖3所示之可組態臨限參數x,藉由本質上比較經平滑化之噪音估計值n"(k)與經平滑化之信號估計值s"(k)來計算信雜比。此區塊本質上如下判定耳機揚聲器6發出之聲音是否已被周圍聲噪音充分破壞(參見圖2)。若SNR低於可組態參數或臨限值,則做出不撤銷啟動ANC電路或啟動ANC電路之決定。此係因為,在此情況下,預期ANC很可能達成使用者可能聽到之不需要的聲音之某種實質減少。另一方面,若SNR高於臨限值,則此暗示周圍聲環境可能足夠安靜,以使得ANC很可能不對使用者提供益處且因此應被撤銷啟動或停用或者不被啟動或啟用,以便省電及避免不需要之人為音訊。
可使用已公開之關於典型通信系統所攜載之各種類型之話語之可理解度的已知資訊來判定SNR比較之臨限值。圖4描繪此等發現之結果。根據本發明之一實施例,可能適合於ANC決定控制11之特定臨限值可為大約12dBA。在12dBA,預期單音節詞在80%或以上之時間中可理解,而句子在90%之時間中可理解。然而,更一般而言,在理解如下情況後,可將臨限值設定為高於12dBA或低於12dBA:藉由將臨限值設定為較高,周圍聲噪音位準必須更低以便做出撤銷啟動ANC之決定。
現轉而參看圖5,展示前饋ANC以及圖2之相同噪音量測電路9及ANC決定控制11之方塊圖。在本發明之此實施例中,ANC電路10包括一參考麥克風9,在一實施例中,該參考麥克風9亦可整合於可攜式音訊裝置2之手機外殼中,且經定位及定向以便拾取周圍聲噪音。換言之,參考麥克風9經定向以且因此意欲主要偵測周圍聲噪音,而非近端使用者之話語或耳機揚聲器6發出之任何聲音。在一些情況下,參 考麥克風9將定位成離耳機揚聲器6比離誤差麥克風8遠,或參考麥克風9可定向在一不同於通常用以拾取近端使用者之話語之主要或談話者麥克風(圖中未繪示)的方向上。舉例而言,現參看圖1,與自正面或底側指向外之耳機揚聲器6形成對比,參考麥克風9可自可攜式音訊裝置之手機外殼之背面指向外。
圖5之前饋配置亦可包括一抗噪音濾波器16,該濾波器之輸入可耦接至該參考麥克風9之輸出,而該濾波器之輸出產生饋入該混音器12之抗噪音信號。另外,在本發明之此實施例中,ANC電路10包括一適應性濾波器控制器19,其連續地調整抗噪音濾波器16之分接頭係數以便在耳機空腔中達成最低位準之總噪音。為了進行此操作,適應性濾波器控制器19使用濾波器20接收參考麥克風9之輸出之經濾波版本作為輸入,濾波器20之轉移函數亦為F'(其為實際系統或設備F之模型)。此實際上為可由使用者聽到之周圍聲噪音之另一估計值。適應性濾波器控制器19基於作為輸入之此等兩個噪音估計值來連續地調整抗噪音濾波器16,以便將耳機空腔中之噪音(亦即,由誤差耳機8拾取之聲音減去經濾波之話語信號s'(k))之量減小或減至最小。在一實施例中,亦可將最小均方演算法用於適應性濾波器控制器19以便找到抗噪音濾波器16之分接頭係數之一使耳機空腔中之估計噪音減至最小之解n'(k)+an'(k)。
應注意,儘管圖5中未明確地描繪,但藉由出現在濾波器13、17、20中之轉移函數F'對設備F之模型化應為「線上」的,即,在可攜式音訊裝置2之操作期間被連續地調整。因此,轉移函數F'並不固定,而是改變以便匹配實際設備F中歸因於使用者將手機的耳機區域移動靠近及遠離耳朵而發生之變化。
圖5中所描繪之用於ANC之前饋機制形成對比,圖6展示反饋ANC之方塊圖。在此情況下,噪音量測電路9及混音器12係以與圖5中 之方式相同的方式配置,只是現在輸入至混音器12之抗噪音信號係由抗噪音數位濾波器22產生,抗噪音數位濾波器22之輸入經耦接以接收噪音估計值n'(k)。ANC決定控制11可以與圖5中之方式相同的方式操作,以噪音及信號估計值作為輸入,且使用該等估計值來判定耳機揚聲器6發出之聲音已由周圍聲噪音破壞之程度(且以此為基礎來撤銷啟動或啟動抗噪音數位濾波器22)。在一實施例中,抗噪音數位濾波器22藉由產生估計值n'(k)之反量(inverse)來執行其輸入序列之簡單反轉,以便消除耳機揚聲器6之輸出處之不需要的聲音(周圍聲噪音)。
目前為止,本發明已在一般意義上提及ANC電路10或抗噪音濾波器22(圖6)之啟動及撤銷啟動。可存在用以達成此啟動及撤銷啟動之若干不同實施。在一實施例中,可藉由將抗噪音濾波器16(參見圖5)及抗噪音濾波器22(圖6)之分接頭係數設定為零,使得此等濾波器不輸出信號,來撤銷啟動ANC。此基本上類似於切斷可插在濾波器16、22之輸出與混音器12之輸入之間的硬開關。可藉由同時停用適應性濾波器控制器19,使得抗噪音濾波器16之分接頭係數不再更新,來完成濾波器16、22之此撤銷啟動(在圖5中所描繪之前饋實施例中)。作為一實例,在LMS控制器之情況下,可藉由將LMS增益設定為零,藉此強迫控制器停止更新,來達成此撤銷啟動。
在另一實施例中,可藉由僅停用適應性濾波器控制器19(圖5),使得抗噪音濾波器16之分接頭係數不再更新,來撤銷啟動ANC。在該情況下,抗噪音濾波器16輸出某一抗噪音信號,然而,濾波器轉移函數無變化且控制器19不計算濾波器16之任何更新。亦可將此情況稱為凍結適應性濾波器控制器19。
類似地,ANC之啟動可涉及上述操作之反向操作,例如,解凍適應性濾波器控制器19及允許抗噪音濾波器16之分接頭係數由控制器19設定或回復至一預定預設值(例如,在圖6中所描繪之反饋版本中使 用之抗噪音濾波器22之情況下)。
現轉而參看圖7。描繪用於做ANC決定之演算法或程序流程。當一通話或一音訊檔案或音訊串流之播放開始(步驟24)時,可攜式音訊通信裝置中之操作開始。此時,可能或可能不啟動ANC電路。操作在步驟26中繼續,在該步驟26中計算耳機揚聲器發出之單耳聲音已由(可由使用者聽到之)周圍聲噪音破壞之程度之一估計值。亦可將步驟此稱為計算SNR。
在一些情況下,近端使用者之話語可導致在步驟26中計算出一相對較低之SNR,其可能歸因於亦可輸入至混音器12之側音信號(參見圖2)。因此,在一實施例中,若可攜式音訊通信裝置2處於RX狀態(亦即,無上行鏈路話語正在傳輸),則僅執行步驟26。換言之,僅當近端使用者不在說話(但遠端使用者可能正在說話)時,應做出撤銷啟動ANC之決定。此可能需要在步驟27中獲得通話之傳輸或接收(TX/RX)狀態。
假設可攜式音訊裝置不在發送上行鏈路話語(或處於RX狀態,如步驟27中所判定),則可關於存在下行鏈路話語信號之充分破壞(由周圍噪音造成)(步驟28)或是存在下行鏈路話語信號之非充分破壞(由周圍噪音造成)(步驟30)做出決定。若存在充分破壞(步驟28),則啟動ANC電路(步驟31)。歸因於抗噪音信號係經由耳機揚聲器驅動,此導致由使用者聽到之周圍噪音之減小。該演算法可接著在某一預定時間間隔(例如,s'(k)及n'(k)中之下一個音訊訊框)之後循環回至步驟26,直至通話或播放結束(步驟34)。此時,可撤銷啟動ANC電路(步驟35)。
在另一情形下,在步驟31中對ANC電路之初始啟動之後,在通話期間,該演算法循環回至步驟26且計算在通話期間的SNR之新估計值。這一次,可能周圍聲噪音位準已充分下降,以使得存在下行鏈路 話語信號之非充分破壞(步驟30)。作為回應,撤銷啟動ANC電路(步驟33)。因此,在通話期間,視周圍聲噪音之位準及下行鏈路話語信號因此被破壞之程度而定,可啟動及接著撤銷啟動ANC電路若干次。
在另一實施例中,仍參看圖7之演算法,一旦通話或播放開始(步驟24),即可自動啟動ANC電路以控制使用者在通話期間聽到之周圍噪音。該演算法可接著再一次進行步驟26,在該步驟26中該演算法估計下行鏈路話語由周圍噪音破壞之程度,且若存在非充分破壞(步驟30),則在通話期間撤銷啟動ANC電路。此後,該演算法循環回至步驟26以重新計算信雜比,且這一次,若該演算法遇到噪音造成之充分破壞,則可在通話期間重新啟動(步驟31)ANC電路。
目前為止,ANC啟動/撤銷啟動決定已基於信號及噪音之估計值。根據本發明之另一實施例,ANC決定控制11係基於由ANC之操作誘發之人為音訊之實際或預期存在。亦將此稱為「嘶聲臨限值」實施例。此實施例可使用前饋或反饋實施例之相同噪音量測電路9及ANC電路10,只是ANC決定控制區塊11在估計之周圍聲噪音與嘶聲臨限值之間進行比較,以判定周圍聲噪音是否比使用者可聽到之任何嘶聲響。若周圍聲噪音不比使用者可聽到之任何嘶聲響,則應撤銷啟動ANC。
在一實施例中,ANC決定控制11計算人為音訊的強度,此人為音訊已由ANC電路10之操作造成或誘發且可由使用者在耳機揚聲器6發出之聲音中聽到。有時將此人為效應稱為嘶聲(hiss)。使用臨限位準或響度來表示人為音訊之強度,且此臨限位準可儲存於裝置2中以在與估計之周圍噪音n'(k)比較時由ANC決定控制11存取。
在另一實施例中,ANC決定控制11判定人為音訊之強度是否大於周圍聲噪音n'(k)之估計位準。若人為音訊比周圍噪音響,則撤銷啟動ANC電路10。
在一實施例中,在超出ANC預期有效之頻率範圍時,存在人為效應。舉例而言,ANC可能在300Hz至500Hz之間的低端、至多為1.5kHz至2kHz之高端對減少噪音有效。在該情況下,在高於2kHz時,可能出現嘶聲。因此,若在高於2kHz時之信號能量大於在據信ANC有效之範圍中之噪音能量,則使用者很可能聽到比周圍噪音多的嘶聲。
圖8中描繪用於基於周圍噪音與預期或實際人為音訊之比較來做ANC決定之演算法。一旦通話或音訊檔案或串流之播放開始(步驟40),即可能或可能不自動啟動ANC電路。此時,估計使用者聽到之周圍聲噪音(步驟42)。若估計之周圍噪音比嘶聲臨限值(其可為自記憶體載入之預定臨限值(步驟44))「響」,則作為回應,啟動ANC電路(步驟46)。另一方面,若周圍噪音不夠響,則ANC電路保持撤銷啟動或被撤銷啟動(步驟48)。
應注意,雖然已分開描述圖7中之演算法(基於SNR)及圖8中之演算法(基於嘶聲臨限值比較),但有可能在ANC決定控制中組合兩個態樣。舉例而言,可藉由根據圖8關於估計之周圍噪音是否比嘶聲臨限值響做判定來驗證有關是否撤銷啟動ANC電路之決定(如圖7之步驟33中所進行)。
根據本發明之另一實施例,可部分或完全基於已偵測到行動電話手機未穩固地保持靠在使用者之耳朵上來做出撤銷啟動ANC之決定。舉例而言,在習知iPhoneTM裝置中,存在一接近度偵測電路或機構,其可指示該裝置何時保持靠在使用者之耳朵上(及該裝置何時未保持靠在使用者之耳朵上)。此接近度感測器或偵測器可使用併入於行動電話手機中之紅外線傳輸及偵測來提供如下指示:該手機係靠近諸如使用者之耳朵之物件。在此實施例中,ANC決定控制電路可耦接至接近度偵測器以及ANC電路,且可在接近度偵測器指示該手機未保 持充分靠近使用者之耳朵時撤銷啟動ANC電路。在此情況下撤銷啟動ANC之決定可完全基於接近度偵測器之輸出,或該決定可基於考慮如下兩者:接近度偵測器之輸出,及上文關於(例如)圖7圖8所描述的基於音訊信號處理之技術中之一或多者。
如上文所解釋,本發明之一實施例可為一儲存有指令之機器可讀媒體(諸如,微電子記憶體),該等指令程式化一或多個資料處理組件(通常被稱為「處理器」)以執行上文所描述之數位音訊處理操作,包括噪音及信號強度量測、濾波、混音、添加、反轉、比較及做決定。在其他實施例中,此等操作中之一些可由含有硬連線邏輯之特定硬體組件(例如,專用數位濾波器區塊)來執行。彼等操作或者可由程式化之資料處理組件及固定之硬連線電路組件之任何組合來執行。
雖然已描述且在隨附圖式中展示了特定實施例,但應理解,此等實施例僅說明且不限制廣泛發明,且本發明不限於所展示及所描述之特定構造及配置,因為一般熟習此項技術者可想到各種其他修改。舉例而言,誤差麥克風8可改為定位於連接至智慧型電話手機之有線或無線頭戴式耳機之外殼內。本描述因此被視為說明性而非限制性的。
6‧‧‧耳機揚聲器
8‧‧‧誤差麥克風
9‧‧‧噪音量測電路
10‧‧‧主動噪音消除(ANC)電路
11‧‧‧主動噪音消除(ANC)決定控制區塊
12‧‧‧混音器
13‧‧‧第一濾波器
16‧‧‧適應性濾波器控制器
17‧‧‧第二濾波器
18‧‧‧差分單元
21‧‧‧差分單元
an(k)‧‧‧抗噪音信號
F‧‧‧設備
F'‧‧‧轉移函數
n'(k)‧‧‧噪音
s'(k)‧‧‧信號

Claims (4)

  1. 一種用於使用一可攜式音訊通信裝置執行一通話之方法,其包含:估計由該可攜式通信裝置之一使用者在該通話期間聽到之周圍聲噪音;判定一人為音訊臨限值,其指示一人為音訊之強度,該人為音訊可由ANC電路誘發且在由該裝置之一耳機揚聲器發出之後由該裝置之一使用者聽到;及回應於該估計之噪音位準小於該人為音訊臨限值而在該通話期間撤銷啟動ANC電路。
  2. 如請求項1之方法,其中該判定一人為音訊臨限值包含載入一預定嘶聲臨限值。
  3. 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包含:回應於該估計之噪音位準大於該人為音訊臨限值而在該通話期間啟動ANC電路。
  4. 一種可攜式音訊裝置,其包含:一行動電話手機,其中整合有一耳機揚聲器,該耳機揚聲器具有:經耦接以接收一下行鏈路話語信號之一輸入,及可指示該手機何時保持靠在一使用者之耳朵上及何時未保持靠在該使用者之耳朵上之一偵測器;耦接至該耳機揚聲器之該輸入之主動噪音消除(ANC)電路,其用以控制由該裝置之一使用者聽到之在該裝置外之周圍聲噪音;及耦接至該偵測器及該ANC電路之ANC決定控制電路,其用以在該偵測器指示該手機未保持靠在該使用者之耳朵上時撤銷啟動該ANC電路。
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WO2011153165A2 (en) 2011-12-08
EP2577651B1 (en) 2014-04-02
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US8515089B2 (en) 2013-08-20

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