CN101400007A - 主动消噪耳机及其消噪方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种主动消噪耳机,包括一外壳、设于外壳内的一喇叭及设于外壳外的一外部麦克风,该喇叭与外部麦克风之间连接有一控制器,该控制器内储存有一特征关联函数,外部麦克风接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭发出反噪音信号,外部的噪音信号传送至外壳内并与喇叭发出的反噪音信号相互抵消。上述主动消噪耳机只需设于外壳外的一个麦克风即可达到消噪功能,可降低成本,减小体积,且消噪效果显著,反应时间快,可提高主动消噪耳机的消噪效率。本发明还包括上述主动消噪耳机的消噪方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明是涉及一种消噪耳机及其消噪方法,特别是涉及一种主动消噪耳机及其消噪方法。
背景技术
随着社会的不断进步以及人们生活水平的不断提高,人们对声音品质的要求也越来越高,在学习或工作之余,人们大多喜欢戴上耳机享受音乐,然而耳机发出的声音很容易受到外界噪音的干扰,从而影响声音的音质,因此如何消除噪音已显得相当重要。
目前业界主要采用主动式噪音控制(Active Noise Control,ANC)的方法来消除噪音,所谓主动式噪音控制是先产生与原噪音信号相反的一反相声波,并利用声波干涉的原理,对原噪音信号产生破坏性干涉而达到消音的目的。应用上述方法的耳机称为主动消噪耳机,主动消噪耳机是通过麦克风侦测环境噪音信号,并利用主动控制产生反噪音信号送至耳机喇叭以消除噪音。
市场上的主动消噪耳机主要分为两类:一种为耳罩式,另一种为耳塞式,耳塞式主动消噪耳机的特点在于体型轻巧,只有外部一个麦克风负责接收信号,不占空间且适合长时间使用,但是消噪效果不佳,这是因为耳塞式主动消噪耳机只有外部麦克风,其无法利用自适应性控制的方法(如Least MeanSquare Algorithm,LMS算法,最小均方算法)来达到消噪的效果。
图1所示为现有耳罩式主动消噪耳机10的工作示意图,该耳罩式主动消噪耳机包括一耳罩11、设于耳罩11外的一外部麦克风12及设于耳罩11内的一喇叭13与一内部麦克风14,该外部麦克风12接收外部的噪音信号,通过一自适应控制器15滤波、放大及相位变换后驱动喇叭13发声,产生一个反噪音信号来抵消进入耳罩11内的噪音信号进行内部消噪,同时内部麦克风14接收上述内部消噪的误差信号,并反馈至自适应控制器15滤波、放大及相位变换后驱动喇叭13发声来抵消上述误差信号,就这样不断反馈,最终达到较好的消噪效果。
耳罩式主动消噪耳机的特点在于内外各有一个麦克风分别接收外部信号以及内部消噪之误差信号,其消噪效果较佳,但耳罩式主动消噪耳机由于多设有一个麦克风,其体型较大,价格较为昂贵,因此需加以改进。
发明内容
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种成本较低且消噪效果好的主动消噪耳机及其消噪方法。
一种主动消噪耳机,包括一外壳、设于外壳内的一喇叭及设于外壳外的一外部麦克风,该喇叭与外部麦克风之间连接有一控制器,该控制器内储存有一特征关联函数,外部麦克风接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭发出反噪音信号,外部的噪音信号传送至外壳内并与喇叭发出的反噪音信号相互抵消。
一种耳机消噪方法,包括如下步骤:提供一主动消噪耳机,该主动消噪耳机包括一外壳、设于外壳内的一喇叭及设于外壳外的一外部麦克风;提供一控制器,将该控制器串设于喇叭与外部麦克风之间,该控制器内储存有一特征关联函数;利用外部麦克风接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭发出反噪音信号,使外部的噪音信号传送至外壳内并与喇叭发出的反噪音信号相互抵消。
与现有技术相比,上述主动消噪耳机只需设于外壳外的一个麦克风即可达到消噪功能,可降低成本,减小体积,且消噪效果显著,反应时间快,可提高主动消噪耳机的消噪效率。
附图说明
图1为现有耳罩式主动消噪耳机的工作示意图。
图2为本发明较佳实施例中转移函数的量测图。
图3为本发明较佳实施例中特征关联函数的合成图。
图4为本发明主动消噪耳机的一较佳实施例。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图,结合实施例作进一步说明。
图2为本发明中较佳实施例转移函数的量测图,其中该耳机为图1所示的现有主动消噪耳机20,该主动消噪耳机20包括一耳罩21,该耳罩21外设有一外部麦克风22,该耳罩21内设有一喇叭23及一内部麦克风24,为量测需要,先提供一频谱分析仪(Frequency Analyzer)25及另一喇叭27,该频谱分析仪25内设有一噪音产生器(Noise Generator)26。本发明中所要量测的转移函数(Transfer Function)有两个,一个为外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数,另一个为喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数。
外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数的量测方法如下:频谱分析仪25中的噪音产生器26产生白噪音(White Noise)信号经由另一喇叭27发出,发出的信号一方面由外部麦克风22接收,另一方面经过耳罩21消弱后由内部麦克风24接收,外部麦克风22及内部麦克风24接收的信号分别传送至频谱分析仪25,经过频谱分析仪25分析运算便可求得外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数。此外,为避免有信号过小的问题,在外部麦克风22后端串上一线性放大器28以确保信号的可靠度,如果外部麦克风22本身信号够大则不需此放大器28。
喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数的量测方法如下:频谱分析仪25中的噪音产生器26分别产生白噪音(White Noise)信号及粉红噪音(Pink Noise)信号,白噪音信号经由喇叭23发出,此过程可量得喇叭23在每个音域输出的特性曲线,喇叭23发出的信号由耳罩21内的内部麦克风24接收,此过程可量得的信号包含喇叭23的输出特性及麦克风对于每个音域信号感测之特性曲线,内部麦克风24接收的信号最终传送至频谱分析仪25,粉红噪音信号也经由喇叭23发出,发出的信号由耳罩21内的内部麦克风24接收,也传送至频谱分析仪25,两种传送至频谱分析仪25的信号作运算便可求得喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数。上述方法中以白噪音信号与粉红噪音信号当作输入信号,这是因为白噪音信号为傅立叶(FFT)频谱上每个频率都等大小的信号,粉红噪音信号为倍频带(Octave Band)频谱上每个频段都等大小的信号,而要求得喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数,必须确定喇叭23的输入信号在每个音域上皆相同,而白噪音信号与粉红噪音信号作为输入信号恰能确保在每个音域上皆相同。
下面再找出反映上述外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数与喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数之间关联度的特征关联函数。如图3所示,为本发明较佳实施例中特征关联函数的合成图,外部的噪音信号输入,一方面经过一滤波器31,该滤波器31内储存有预先求得的外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数,外部的噪音信号经过该储存有外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数的滤波器31的处理,其输出信号作为目标信号进入比较器34,另一方面,外部的噪音信号经过另一滤波器32,该滤波器32内储存有预先求得的喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数,外部的噪音信号经过该储存有喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数的滤波器32的处理,其输出信号作为原始信号进入一控制器33,让原始信号通过该控制器33之后完全或近似等于目标信号,即要使耳罩21内的喇叭23产生与外部的噪音信号经过耳罩21后至内部麦克风24完全或近似相同的信号,换句话说,即要使该控制器33对该原始信号经过补偿后通过比较器34与目标信号进行比较,基于比较结果差异最小为原则,经过反复调整从而于该控制器33中得到反映外部麦克风22至内部麦克风24的转移函数与喇叭23至内部麦克风24的转移函数之间关联度的特征关联函数。
找出上述最佳的特征关联函数后,便可通过该特征关联函数简化图2所示的主动消噪耳机20的结构。如图4所示,为本发明主动消噪耳机40的一较佳实施例,该主动消噪耳机40较现有的主动消噪耳机20少了一个麦克风,即该主动消噪耳机只包括设于耳罩41内的一喇叭43及设于耳罩41外的一外部麦克风42,喇叭43与外部麦克风42之间连接有上述内设有特征关联函数的控制器33,外部麦克风42接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器33并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭43发出,即喇叭43产生与外部的噪音信号经过耳罩41消弱后至耳罩41内完全或近似相同的信号,为使喇叭43发出的声音信号与外部的噪音信号经过耳罩41后至耳罩41内的信号抵消,达到噪音抑制的功能,需让喇叭43产生与外部的噪音信号经过耳罩41后至耳罩41内的信号相位相反大小相等的反噪音信号,在本实施中,该主动消噪耳机40设置一减法器44进行控制,音乐信号与控制器33处理后的信号通过该减法器44处理后,由喇叭43发出,喇叭43发出的声音信号与外部的噪音信号经过耳罩41后至耳罩41内的信号部分抵消,从而只剩下纯音乐信号,最终达到消噪的目的。此外,为避免有信号过小的问题,在外部麦克风42与控制器之间串上一线性放大器45以确保信号的可靠度。
与现有的主动消噪耳机20相比,上述主动消噪耳机40只需一个麦克风(外部麦克风42)即可达到消噪功能,可降低成本,减小体型,且消噪效果显著,反应时间快,不像适应性控制方法需要时间进行收敛才达到消噪效果,可提高主动消噪耳机40的消噪效率。另外,上述主动消噪耳机40只需一个麦克风,因此该主动消噪耳机40在形式上并不受限,可以为耳罩式耳机,也可以为耳塞式耳机,其中耳塞式耳机的外壳即相当于耳罩式耳机的耳罩。
Claims (9)
1.一种主动消噪耳机,其特征在于:包括一外壳、设于外壳内的一喇叭及设于外壳外的一外部麦克风,该喇叭与外部麦克风之间连接有一控制器,该控制器内储存有一特征关联函数,外部麦克风接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭发出反噪音信号,外部的噪音信号传送至外壳内并与喇叭发出的反噪音信号相互抵消。
2.如权利要求1所述的主动消噪耳机,其特征在于:该主动消噪耳机为一耳罩式耳机,该外壳为一耳罩。
3.如权利要求1所述的主动消噪耳机,其特征在于:还包括一放大器,该放大器串设于外部麦克风与控制器之间,该放大器将过小的信号放大。
4.一种耳机消噪方法,包括如下步骤:
提供一主动消噪耳机,该主动消噪耳机包括一外壳、设于外壳内的一喇叭及设于外壳外的一外部麦克风;
提供一控制器,将该控制器串设于喇叭与外部麦克风之间,该控制器内储存有一特征关联函数;
利用外部麦克风接收外部的噪音信号,经由控制器并通过其内的特征关联函数的处理后,由喇叭发出反噪音信号,使外部的噪音信号传送至外壳内并与喇叭发出的反噪音信号相互抵消。
5.如权利要求4所述的耳机消噪方法,其特征在于:该控制器内的特征关联函数的设置方法包括如下步骤:
提供一内部麦克风,将该内部麦克风设于该主动消噪耳机的外壳内;
提供外部麦克风至内部麦克风的转移函数,并将该转移函数储存于一第一滤波器中;
提供喇叭至内部麦克风的转移函数,并将该转移函数储存于一第二滤波器中;
输入外部的噪音信号,一方面经过该第一滤波器,并通过储存于其内的外部麦克风至内部麦克风的转移函数的处理,其输出信号作为目标信号,另一方面,外部的噪音信号经过该第二滤波器,并通过储存于其内的喇叭至内部麦克风的转移函数的处理,其输出信号作为原始信号进入该控制器,由该控制器对该原始信号进行补偿后并与上述目标信号进行比较,基于使补偿后的信号与目标信号的差异最小为原则,于该控制器中得到反映内部麦克风至外部麦克风的转移函数与喇叭至内部麦克风的转移函数之间关联度的特征关联函数。
6.如权利要求5所述的耳机消噪方法,其特征在于:外部麦克风至内部麦克风的转移函数的量测方法包括如下步骤:
提供一频谱分析仪,其内设有一噪音产生器;
提供另一喇叭;
该噪音产生器产生白噪音信号经由该另一喇叭发出,发出的信号一方面由外部麦克风接收,另一方面经过外壳后由内部麦克风接收,内部麦克风及外部麦克风接收的信号分别传送至频谱分析仪,经过频谱分析仪运算求得该外部麦克风至内部麦克风的转移函数。
7.如权利要求5所述的耳机消噪方法,其特征在于:喇叭至内部麦克风的转移函数的量测方法包括如下步骤:
提供一频谱分析仪,其内设有一噪音产生器;
该噪音产生器分别产生白噪音信号及粉红噪音信号,白噪音信号经由喇叭发出,发出的信号由外壳内的内部麦克风接收,并传送至频谱分析仪,粉红噪音信号也经由喇叭发出,发出的信号由外壳内的内部麦克风接收,也传送至频谱分析仪,两种传送至频谱分析仪的信号作运算便可求得喇叭至内部麦克风的转移函数。
8.如权利要求4所述的耳机消噪方法,其特征在于:该主动消噪耳机为一耳罩式耳机,该外壳为一耳罩。
9.如权利要求4所述的耳机消噪方法,其特征在于:还包括一放大器,该放大器串设于外部麦克风与控制器之间,该放大器将过小的信号放大。
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