TW201440261A - 發光裝置 - Google Patents
發光裝置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW201440261A TW201440261A TW102148545A TW102148545A TW201440261A TW 201440261 A TW201440261 A TW 201440261A TW 102148545 A TW102148545 A TW 102148545A TW 102148545 A TW102148545 A TW 102148545A TW 201440261 A TW201440261 A TW 201440261A
- Authority
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- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- illuminating device
- fluorescent
- light
- photonic crystal
- crystal film
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
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- H01L25/16—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits
- H01L25/167—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices ; Multistep manufacturing processes thereof the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups H01L27/00 - H01L33/00, or in a single subclass of H10K, H10N, e.g. forming hybrid circuits comprising optoelectronic devices, e.g. LED, photodiodes
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
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- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45139—Silver (Ag) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45144—Gold (Au) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
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- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45147—Copper (Cu) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4805—Shape
- H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
- H01L2224/48091—Arched
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
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- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
- H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
- H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
- H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/49—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of a plurality of wire connectors
- H01L2224/491—Disposition
- H01L2224/49105—Connecting at different heights
- H01L2224/49107—Connecting at different heights on the semiconductor or solid-state body
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/80—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected
- H01L2224/85—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a wire connector
- H01L2224/85909—Post-treatment of the connector or wire bonding area
- H01L2224/8592—Applying permanent coating, e.g. protective coating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/181—Encapsulation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供一種發光裝置,包括:一光源本體、一導線架、一LED晶粒、一齊納二極體、一混體、一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜。該導線架置於該光源本體底部,該LED晶粒置於該導線架上方,該混體置於該光源本體內部,該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜置於於該光源本體之表面或內部,且包含至少一螢光奈米微粒,而一導線與該LED晶粒及該齊納二極體作電性連接。
Description
本發明是有關於一個可調變色溫及演色性且具有更高效率之發光裝置結構,特別針對於在光源本體上塗佈含有螢光奈米微粒之三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜形成一可調變色溫及演色性且具有更高效率之發光裝置結構。
全球LED產業之發展以白光LED應用於照明市場為發展主軸,白光LED能讓光源壽命較傳統發光元件提高10倍以上,另外在發光效率方面也更為提升,而白光LED更可以解決廢棄燈管所含汞的環保問題,尤其在環保光源日益受到重視後,白光LED已經成為開發環保光源的首要選擇。
目前白光LED發光效率較傳統白熾燈泡高出一倍以上,在台灣地區,假設白熾燈泡及日光燈完全被白光LED取代,每年可省下超過100億度電力,大約是1座核能發電廠的年發電量。照明使用的白光LED,其演色性必須高於80,目前採用的方法為藍光LED晶粒所發射藍光與綠色((Sr,Ca,Ba)SixOyNz:Eu2+、Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+)、黃色(Y3Al5O12:Ce3+、Tb3Al5O12:Ce3+、(Mg,Ba,Ca,Sr)2SiO4:Eu2+)和紅色((Ca,Sr)2Si5N8:Eu2+、(Ca,Sr)AlSiN3:Eu2+)螢光粉的激發光組合而成的白光,並依據不同顏色螢光粉的混合比例濃度來達到不同之色溫和演色性;或是利用紅、綠、藍3種發光二極體調整其個別亮度來達到白光效果。
習知一般發光二極體主要包含一基底、一發光層以及至少一個電極,其中發光層係由P型半導體、主動層以及N型半導體依序堆疊而成。當N型半導體與P型半導體之間因電位不同而形成一電位差時,N型半導體中的電子與P型半導體中的電洞則會在主動層結合而發出光線。
發光二極體的發光效率主要取決於主動層的量子效率(光生電子-空穴對數/入射光子數,即發光元件對光敏感性的精確測量),以及發光二極體的光引出效率(extraction efficiency)。其中,量子效率的提升主要取決於主動層之半導體材料品質及其結構的組合,而光引出效率的提升則取決於從主動層發出之光線的有效利用率。
在LED照明設備中,一項重要的參數就是色溫,這關係到LED燈光照明產品所顯示的顏色特性,一般的燈具也都有色溫的規格。色溫高低計量單位是以凱氏刻度(Kelvin Scale)K為單位,在不同色溫下使人對光有不同的感受,色溫大致可分為三個區塊,暖白光屬低色溫,範圍在3400K以下,光色偏紅使人有溫暖的感覺,當採用低色溫光源照射紅色物品時,能使其表現更鮮豔;中色溫範圍在3400~6000K,由於光線柔和,使人有愉快、舒適及安詳的感受,所以也稱為中性色溫;冷白光屬高色溫,範圍則超過6000K,光色偏藍,光源接近自然光,有明亮的感覺,使人精神集中及不容易睡著。
降低色溫之目的為使光線由戶外高明亮度轉換成室內溫和舒適感。依目前技術,得到暖白光LED之色溫的方法包括提高螢光粉濃度,如冷白光LED降為暖白光LED,則必需將綠色螢光粉提高為原來的一點五倍和紅色螢光粉提高為原來的三倍以上,才能達到降低色溫之要求,但此等
方法不僅會增加成本,且會使白光發光效率大大降低;另若使用色溫轉換濾光片(Conversion Color Temperature Filter),其色溫轉換濾光片亦會使白光發光效率大大降低。此外,傳統使用在發光元件上封膠體之材質較不單一,品質亦參差不齊,縱使LED有良好的發光效率也會因封膠體透明度不足,造成視覺上較無明亮感之缺點。
因此,如何有效任意降低光線之色溫,不必依靠提高螢光粉濃度,仍可維持或甚至提高發光效率且具有視覺上之明亮感為本發明之重點。
為解決先前技術發光元件中所提及,以提高螢光粉濃度降低色溫之方式,不但使成本增加,且會使白光發光效率降低之問題,本發明提供一種發光裝置包括:一光源本體、一導線架、一LED晶粒、一齊納二極體、一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜、一混體與一封膠板,其相對位置為將該導線架置於該光源本體底部、該LED晶粒置於該導線架上方、該光源本體內部填充該混體、該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜置於該光源本體之表面或內部,且包含至少一螢光奈米微粒,與至少一導線與該LED晶粒及該齊納二極體作電性連接。
該導線架之材質可以為銅合金、科瓦(Kovar)合金或鐵鎳合金。該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜塗佈於該光源本體之表面的方式可以為噴墨式、噴灑式、噴嘴式、刮刀式、旋轉式或狹縫式。粒子堆疊於該光源本體之堆疊結構可以為體心立方式、面心立方式和簡單立方式之晶體結構,並且粒子與粒子間的排列可以為四角和六角之鬆散式或緊密式晶格結構。
該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子大小可以為100~800奈米(nm),膜厚為1~500微米(μm),其材質可選自於有機高分子、無機高分子、有機化合物、無機化合物、金屬或其組合,其中有機高分子如聚苯乙烯系列、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系列、聚馬來酸系列、聚乳酸系列、聚胺基酸系列的高分子或其組合,無機化合物如Ag2O、CuO、ZnO、CdO、NiO、PdO、CoO、MgO、SiO2、SnO2、TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、ThO2、CeO2、CoO2、MnO2、IrO2、VO2、WO3、MoO3、Al2O3、Y2O3、Yb2O3、Dy2O3、B2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、V2O5、Nb2O5、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、FeS、FeSe、FeTe、CoS、CoSe、CoTe、NiS、NiSe、NiTe、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WS2、WSe2、WTe2、Cu2S、Cu2Se、Cu2Te、Bi2S3、Bi2Se3、Bi2Te3、SiC、TiC、ZrC、WC、NbC、TaC、Mo2C、BN、AlN、TiN、ZrN、VN、NbN、TaN、Si3N4、Zr3N4或其組合,金屬如Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Pd、Pt、Al、Si、Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Mo、W、Mn或其組合。
本發明中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子堆疊構造中,更混入了該螢光奈米微粒,該螢光奈米微粒可被包覆在其粒子內或表面,散佈於該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜中;該螢光奈米微粒之材質可選自奈米螢光粉、螢光染料、螢光染劑或其混和物;其中,奈米螢光粉可為一般螢光粉、奈米有機螢光粉和奈米無機螢光粉,經由磨球機磨至納米大小粒徑,而螢光染料可為紅色染料、藍色染料、綠色染料、黃色染料等其他非無彩色染料,而螢光染劑可為有機高分子、無機高分子、有機化合物、無機化合物、金屬或其組合。
而該混體則包含一螢光粉與一光學膠,該螢光粉可為黃色、
藍色、綠色、橙色或紅色或其組合,其材質是選自於有機螢光粉、螢光顏料、無機螢光粉、放射性元素或其組合,該光學膠之材質可選自於有機高分子、無機高分子、有機聚合物、無機聚合物、金屬化合物或其組合;此外,該光源本體更可由該封膠板封裝,該封膠板可為矽封膠板(Silicon),具有視覺上較為明亮之效果,且擁有不易因溫度變質、不易因氣候老化變脆、良好的吸震性及絕緣性之特點,因此極度適合用於電子產品上。
該發光裝置之電流值操作範圍可以為0.01毫安培(mA)~10安培(A)。其中,該導線架更可包含至少一導線,該至少一導線可以為金線、銅線或銀線,該至少一導線與該LED晶粒及該齊納二極體作電性連接。
本發明係以製作特定該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子後,將粒子塗佈於該光源本體之表面上形成薄膜,其中經過實驗數據而得到該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜除了可成功降低白光之色溫之外,還能提高白光之發光效率,而粒子堆積排列方式也是影響調整白光色溫和演色性之重點參數。
本發明之該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子間的空隙與粒子間的相對位置具有高度的可微調性,藉此能微調整該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜的等效折射率、粒子間堆積的緊密度與粒子排列方式,利用光線在粒子與空氣的折射率差異,決定可通過該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜光線之波段,且散佈於該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜粒子間之該螢光奈米微粒具有吸收其他波段色光、轉換並提高特定所需波段色光之能力,除了藉由上述兩種機制改變白光色溫和演色性之外,可更進一步提高發光效率,在調整白光色溫和演色性技術屬一大突破。因此,由該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜
之可調變色溫和演色性的特性,即可有效降低光線之色溫,提高發光效率及高演色性,且因不需提高螢光粉濃度,更可有效減少成本支出。
101‧‧‧導線架
102‧‧‧LED晶粒
103‧‧‧導線
104‧‧‧混體
1041‧‧‧板狀混體
105‧‧‧光源本體
106‧‧‧齊納二極體
107‧‧‧三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜
1071‧‧‧螢光奈米微粒
201‧‧‧封膠板
圖1係本發明實施例一之示意圖。
圖2係本發明實施例二之示意圖。
圖3係本發明實施例三之示意圖。
圖4係本發明三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖。
圖5係本發明螢光奈米微粒分佈之穿透式電子顯微鏡圖。
圖6係本發明螢光奈米微粒分佈之示意圖。
圖7係本發明使用三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜前後差異之折線圖。
為能瞭解本發明的技術特徵及實用功效,並可依照說明書的內容來實施,茲進一步以如圖式所示的較佳實施例,詳細說明如後:請參閱圖1,圖1係本發明實施例一之示意圖。如圖1所示,本發明之實施例一中包含:一光源本體105、一導線架101、至少一導線103、一LED晶粒102、一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107、一齊納二極體106與一混體104。其相對位置為將該導線架101置於該光源本體105底部,該LED晶粒102置於該導線架101上方,該光源本體105內部填充滿該混體104,該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107塗佈於該光源本體105之表面,該導線架101包含該至少一導線103與該LED晶粒102及該齊納二極體106作電性連接。
該導線架101之製作材料需要考慮其導電性、熱傳導性、機
械強度、焊接性與抗腐蝕性,常使用的材質為銅合金、42合金(鎳:42%、鐵:58%)、科瓦合金(鎳:29%、鈷:17%、鐵:54%)與鐵鎳合金(鐵:42%、鎳:58%)。
在該至少一導線103材料選擇當中,可為金、銀或銅。金、銀與銅為導電速率最快的前三名,金的穩定性最好導電速率也最快,但其成本較為高,銅的單價最便宜,其耐離子遷移率性質佳。
該LED晶粒102製程步驟可分為上游、中游及下游,上游包括形成基板(藍寶石,陶瓷,金屬)→單晶棒(GaN,GaAs,GaP)→單晶片→結構設計→磊晶片,中游包括金屬蒸鍍→光照蝕刻→熱處理→切割,下游封裝則包括覆晶式(Flip-chip)、晶片黏著式(SMD,surface mount device)與晶片封裝式(COB,chip on board);而該LED晶粒102形式可為傳統藍寶石基板(Sapphire-based)LED、覆晶式(Flip-chip)LED和垂直式(Vertical)LED。
該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107於製造其粒子時混入一螢光奈米微粒1071,之後將之塗佈於該光源本體105,其方式包括噴墨式(ink-jet)、噴灑式(spray)、噴嘴式(nozzle)、刮刀式(blade)、旋轉式(spin)或狹縫式(slit)。噴墨式、噴灑式與噴嘴式的工作原理是利用電腦程式控制步進馬達帶動噴嘴前後左右移動,從噴墨頭中噴出的墨水依序噴佈於元件上,完成著色的工作;刮刀式係將塗佈著料儲存於墨斗內,由滾墨輪滾動塗佈將著料帶出,經由刮刀控制厚度,將著料塗佈至元件上;旋轉式多應用於光電與半導體製程,以旋轉塗佈方式將液體滴至晶片中央;狹縫式為利用一模具擠出一液膜,塗布於移動的基材上。
該螢光奈米微粒1071為直徑小於100奈米(nm)之粒子,其係由螢光染料、螢光染劑或其混和物所組成;其中,螢光染料可為紅色染料、
藍色染料、綠色染料、黃色染料等其他有彩色染料或其依任意比例混色之有彩色染料;而螢光染劑則可為羅丹明(Rhodamine)、藻紅素(Phycoerythrin)或異硫氰酸螢光素(Fluorescein isothiocyanate)等常見螢光染劑。螢光染料在化學上之分類為混和物,其材料可選自有機高分子、無機高分子、有機化合物、無機化合物、金屬或其組合;而螢光染劑則為化合物,其材料亦可選自有機高分子、無機高分子、機化合物、無機化合物、金屬或其組合。
該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107之粒子堆疊結構可以為體心立方式(Body-Centered Cubic Crystal Structure)、面心立方式(Face-Centered Cubic Crystal Structure)和簡單立方式(Simple cubic lattice)之晶體結構,並且粒子與粒子間的排列可以為四角和六角之鬆散式(non-close-packed crystal structure)或緊密式(close-packed crystal structure)晶格結構。每一個體心立方單位裡含有2個粒子,有8個角落粒子,角落每一個粒子係八分之一個粒子,在中心的單一粒子,則全部包含於此單位中,體心立方式的粒子堆積密度為68%;每一面心立方式單位共有4個粒子,內含有8個角落粒子和6個面心粒子,面心粒子為二分之一個粒子,加總共有4個完整粒子被分配於一單位,其粒子堆積密度為74%;簡單立方在每個單位內含有8個角落粒子,共有1個完整粒子被分配於一單位,粒子堆積密度為52%。
該混體104包含一螢光粉與一光學膠,該螢光粉材料由主晶體、助活化劑(敏感劑)與活化劑組成。該螢光粉可以為黃色、藍色、綠色、橙色、紅色或其組合,如黃橙色和紅黃色之氮化物螢光粉。當螢光物質接受光能量後,其外層電子受激發至高能階的激發狀態後,回到原有的低能階狀態時,能階差之能量以光的形式發射出來。
該光學膠係保護該LED晶粒102避免電氣和環境損害,該混體104必須把該光源本體105區域內全部灌滿,若有空氣間隙(air cap),則會有思乃爾效應(snell loss)而大大降低出光量。傳統上,該光學膠多由環氧樹脂(epoxy)和有機高分子所製成,如今LED照明市場朝向更高功率且高亮度的發展,無機矽封膠(silicon)則愈來愈廣為使用,矽封膠不僅可耐高溫程度承受較環氧樹脂為高,和更好的透光率。
請參閱圖2,圖2係本發明實施例二之示意圖。如圖2所示,本發明之實施例二中包含:一光源本體105、一導線架101、至少一導線103、一LED晶粒102、一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107、一齊納二極體106與一板狀混體1041。其相對位置為將該導線架101置於該光源本體105底部,該LED晶粒102置於該導線架101上方,該光源本體105以該板狀混體1041封裝,該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107塗佈於該板狀混體1041之正面或背面,該導線架101包含該至少一導線103與該LED晶粒102及該齊納二極體106作電性連接。
本實施例二中,除了該板狀混體1041之外,其餘之材料及製程請參照圖1之說明;該板狀混體1041為依照該光源本體105之開口大小,以玻璃基板為基底壓製合併而成之膠體複合板狀結構,並封裝在該光源本體105上;該板狀混體1041包含一螢光粉或更可包含一光學膠,該螢光粉材料由主晶體、助活化劑(敏感劑)與活化劑組成。該螢光粉可以為黃色、藍色、綠色、橙色、紅色或其組合,如黃橙色和紅黃色之氮化物螢光粉。當螢光物質接受光能量後,其外層電子受激發至高能階的激發狀態後,回到原有的低能階狀態時,能階差之能量以光的形式發射出來;該光學膠可
由矽膠(silicon)、環氧樹脂(epoxy)和有機高分子所製成。此外,該板狀混體1041被設計為遠程螢光粉結構(Remote Phosphor),可以增加該發光裝置之光輸出量。
請參閱圖3,圖3係本發明實施例三之示意圖。如圖3所示,本發明之實施例三中包含:一光源本體105、一導線架101、至少一導線103、一LED晶粒102、一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107、一齊納二極體106、一混體104與一封膠板201。其相對位置為將該導線架101置於該光源本體105底部,該LED晶粒102置於該導線架101上方,該LED晶粒102由該混體104包覆於該光源本體105內部,而該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107塗佈於該混體104之表面及部分該光源本體105與該導線架101上,但未塗佈在該齊納二極體106上,該導線架101包含該至少一導線103與該LED晶粒102及該齊納二極體106作電性連接,最後,該光源本體105以該封膠板201封裝。此外,該混體104之形式被設計為適形塗佈結構(Conformal Phosphor),可以增加該發光裝置之白光顏色均勻性。
本實施例三中,除了該封膠板201之外,其餘之材料及製程請參照圖1之說明;該封膠板201可為矽封膠板(Silicon),矽封膠板具有極佳的溫度穩定性,可在攝氏-40度到200度之間穩定使用不變性,對於氣候變化亦有極佳的耐適性,縱使長時間置於戶外也不易老化龜裂,此外,還具有良好的吸震能力及極佳的絕緣性,最重要的一點是,能有提供該發光裝置相當不錯的光輸出量。
請參閱圖4、圖5及圖6,圖4係本發明三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之掃描式電子顯微鏡圖;圖5係本發明螢光奈米微粒分佈之穿透式電子顯
微鏡圖;圖6係本發明螢光奈米微粒分佈之示意圖。其中,圖4及圖5係透過場效發射式電子顯微鏡(Field-emission scanning electron microscope,FESEM)所拍攝,揭示了該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107及其粒子與該螢光奈米微粒1071之結構與關係;如圖4所示,該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107及之粒子的排列模式可為排列緊密式(close-packed),如圖5所示,該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107及之粒子的排列模式可為排列鬆散式(non-close-packed),且其粒徑為500奈米(nm),而該螢光奈米微粒1071之分佈模式可為包覆於該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107粒子之中或散佈於其表面,如圖6所示。
請參閱圖7,圖7係本發明使用三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜前後差異之折線圖。如圖7所示,橫軸為LED所發出之光波波長,介於400到800奈米(nm)之間,縱軸為各波段色光之相對發光強度(Arbitrary unit(arb.unit));其中,純黑色線條為色溫7000K(凱氏刻度(Kelvin Scale))LED單獨使用時所測得之各波長光波其相對發光強度折線,而帶有矩形之淺色線條為使用該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107,且色溫同為7000K(凱氏刻度(Kelvin Scale))之LED所測得之各波長光波其相對發光強度折線;顯示出使用了該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107之LED可有效降低光波波長位於藍紫光400~475奈米(nm)之相對發光強度,轉換並提升光波波長位於綠光520~550奈米(nm)之相對發光強度。
最後,請參照表1,表1解釋了各色溫分別為7000K、6500K及5500K之LED樣品在使用了該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107前後之光通量、功率、色溫、演色性及其發光效率增幅強度之比較,可看出無論是
7000K、6500K及5500K之LED,在使用了該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜107後,皆具有提高光通量及發光效率之效果,且色溫及演色性皆降低為視覺上較為舒適的中色溫範圍(3400~6000K),茲以證明本發明之成果。
101‧‧‧導線架
102‧‧‧LED晶粒
103‧‧‧導線
104‧‧‧混體
105‧‧‧光源本體
106‧‧‧齊納二極體
107‧‧‧三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜
Claims (45)
- 一種發光裝置,其包含:一光源本體;一導線架,置於該光源本體底部;一LED晶粒,置於該導線架上方;一混體,置於該光源本體內部;以及一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜,置於該光源本體之表面,具有至少一螢光奈米微粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該LED晶粒可以為藍色LED、紅色LED、綠色LED或紫外光LED。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該LED晶粒形式可以為傳統藍寶石基板(Sapphire-based)LED、覆晶式(Flip-chip)LED和垂直式(Vertical)LED。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之塗佈方式可以為噴墨式、噴灑式、噴嘴式、刮刀式、旋轉式或狹縫式,塗佈於該光源本體之表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一螢光奈米微粒位於該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子內部或表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一螢光奈米微粒的材質可選自奈米螢光粉、奈米有機螢光粉、奈米無機螢光粉、螢光染料、螢光染劑或其混和物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子堆疊結構方式可以為體心立方式、面心立方式、簡單立方式之晶體結構,而粒子與粒子間的排列可為四角或六角之緊密式和鬆散式晶格結構,且堆疊於該光源本體之表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子平均粒徑可以為100~800奈米(nm)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之厚度可以為1~500微米(μm)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子的材質可選自於一有機高分子、一無機高分子、一有機化合物、一無機化合物、一金屬或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之發光裝置,其中該有機高分子可以為聚苯乙烯系列、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系列、聚馬來酸系列、聚乳酸系列、聚胺基酸系列的高分子或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之發光裝置,其中該無機化合物可以為Ag2O、CuO、ZnO、CdO、NiO、PdO、CoO、MgO、SiO2、SnO2、TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、ThO2、CeO2、CoO2、MnO2、IrO2、VO2、WO3、MoO3、Al2O3、Y2O3、Yb2O3、Dy2O3、B2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、V2O5、Nb2O5、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、FeS、FeSe、FeTe、CoS、CoSe、CoTe、NiS、NiSe、NiTe、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WS2、WSe2、WTe2、Cu2S、Cu2Se、Cu2Te、Bi2S3、Bi2Se3、Bi2Te3、 SiC、TiC、ZrC、WC、NbC、TaC、Mo2C、BN、AlN、TiN、ZrN、VN、NbN、TaN、Si3N4、Zr3N4或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項所述之發光裝置,其中該金屬可以為Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Pd、Pt、Al、Si、Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Mo、W、Mn或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該發光裝置之電流值操作範圍可以為0.01毫安培(mA)~10安培(A)。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該導線架之材質可以為銅合金、科瓦(Kovar)合金或鐵鎳合金。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該導線架包含至少一導線,該至少一導線與該LED晶粒及一齊納二極體作電性連接。
- 如申請專利範圍第16項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一導線可以為金線、銅線或銀線。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該混體包含一螢光粉與一光學膠。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之發光裝置,其中該混體可為填充膠體或含有玻璃基板之膠體複合板狀結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之發光裝置,其中該螢光粉可以為黃色、藍色、綠色、橙色、紅色或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之發光裝置,其中該螢光粉之材質是選自於有機螢光粉、螢光顏料、無機螢光粉、放射性元素或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之發光裝置,其中該光學膠之材質是選自於有機高分子、無機高分子、有機聚合物、無機聚合物、金屬化合物或其組合。
- 一種發光裝置,其包含:一光源本體;一導線架,置於該光源本體底部;一LED晶粒,置於該導線架上方;一混體,置於該光源本體內部;以及一三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜,置於該光源本體內部,具有至少一螢光奈米微粒。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該LED晶粒可以為藍色LED、紅色LED、綠色LED或紫外光LED。
- 如申請專利範圍第22項所述之發光裝置,其中該LED晶粒形式可以為傳統藍寶石基板(Sapphire-based)LED、覆晶式(Flip-chip)LED和垂直式(Vertical)LED。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之塗佈方式可以為噴墨式、噴灑式、噴嘴式、刮刀式、旋轉式或狹縫式,塗佈於該光源本體內部。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一螢光奈米微粒位於該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子內部或表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一螢光奈米微粒的材質可選自奈米螢光粉、奈米有機螢光粉、奈米無機螢光粉、螢光染料、螢光染劑或其混和物。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子堆疊結構方式可以為體心立方式、面心立方式、簡單立方式之晶體結構,而粒子與粒子間的排列可為四角或六角之緊密式和鬆散式晶格結構,且堆疊於該光源本體之表面。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子平均粒徑可以為100~800奈米(nm)。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之厚度可以為1~500微米(μm)。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該三維螢光球光子晶體薄膜之粒子的材質可選自於一有機高分子、一無機高分子、一有機化合物、一無機化合物、一金屬或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第32項所述之發光裝置,其中該有機高分子可以為聚苯乙烯系列、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯系列、聚馬來酸系列、聚乳酸系列、聚胺基酸系列的高分子或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第32項所述之發光裝置,其中該無機化合物可以為Ag2O、CuO、ZnO、CdO、NiO、PdO、CoO、MgO、SiO2、SnO2、TiO2、ZrO2、HfO2、ThO2、CeO2、CoO2、MnO2、IrO2、VO2、WO3、MoO3、Al2O3、Y2O3、Yb2O3、Dy2O3、B2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、V2O5、Nb2O5、ZnS、ZnSe、ZnTe、CdS、CdSe、CdTe、FeS、FeSe、FeTe、CoS、CoSe、CoTe、NiS、NiSe、NiTe、PbS、PbSe、PbTe、MnS、MnSe、MnTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、MoS2、MoSe2、MoTe2、WS2、WSe2、WTe2、Cu2S、Cu2Se、Cu2Te、Bi2S3、Bi2Se3、Bi2Te3、SiC、TiC、ZrC、WC、NbC、TaC、Mo2C、BN、AlN、TiN、ZrN、VN、NbN、TaN、Si3N4、Zr3N4或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第32項所述之發光裝置,其中該金屬可以為Au、Ag、Cu、Fe、Co、Ni、Pd、Pt、Al、Si、Ti、Zr、V、Nb、Mo、W、Mn或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該發光裝置之電流值操作範圍可以為0.01毫安培(mA)~10安培(A)。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該導線架之材質可以為銅合金、科瓦(Kovar)合金或鐵鎳合金。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該導線架包含至少一導線,該至少一導線與該LED晶粒及一齊納二極體作電性連接。
- 如申請專利範圍第38項所述之發光裝置,其中該至少一導線可以為金線、銅線或銀線。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該混體包含一螢光粉與一光學膠。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項所述之發光裝置,其中該螢光粉可以為黃色、藍色、綠色、橙色、紅色或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項所述之發光裝置,其中該螢光粉之材質是選自於有機螢光粉、螢光顏料、無機螢光粉、放射性元素或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第40項所述之發光裝置,其中該光學膠之材質是選自於有機高分子、無機高分子、有機聚合物、無機聚合物、金屬化合物或其組合。
- 如申請專利範圍第23項所述之發光裝置,其中該發光裝置更可包含一封膠板,置於該光源本體外部。
- 如申請專利範圍第44項所述之發光裝置,其中該封膠板之材質可以為矽膠(Silicon)。
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CN104393157A (zh) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-03-04 | 上海祥羚光电科技发展有限公司 | Led光白光二次光转换用荧光塑料母粒制备及应用 |
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