TW201307811A - Auto-measuring system for measuring a plurality of data of a river - Google Patents

Abstract

An auto-measuring system for measuring a plurality of data of a river, including level, deep, riverbed height, flowing speed, sand density, etc. The system has a level meter for determining the level of a river; a flow speed meter about a surface of the river which measure the data by electromagnetic wave or sound wave. A weight detector is formed by a weight, a pressure meter, a sand density meter, and a flow meter. The sand density is determined by Doppler theory of sound wave. The flow meter determines the flow speeds of different deeps. When a water meter is sunk to the surface of a riverbed, the measured deep is the distance between the water surface and the riverbed. Then from the above derived level, the height of the riverbed is got.

Description

Multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system

The invention relates to a river hydrology measurement, in particular to an automatic measurement system for a plurality of river hydrological parameters.

During the entire typhoon flooding process (hereinafter referred to as the full flooding), hydrological parameters such as water level, water flow velocity, riverbed elevation, and sediment concentration of water flow are used for river flood warning and other structures such as bridge safety warning system. The basis. However, in addition to the water level, other hydrological parameter measurements are mostly carried out manually.

Taking the elevation of the riverbed surface as an example, the traditional method is to tie a heavy object with a rope or a steel cable, and then the operator drops it into the water until the bottom of the river, and the height of the riverbed surface is obtained by subtracting the length of the rope from the bridge deck elevation. However, ropes or steel cables are easy to sway with the wind and are not completely perpendicular to the river surface, and there is a curvature, so the length of the rope that is released will exceed the actual vertical distance. Especially during the typhoon, due to the impact of wind and water flow, the curvature of the rope or steel cable is larger, and the measurement error also increases.

In the actual operation process, due to the wind and rain during the typhoon, and the flood water flow is strong, it is difficult to carry out manual observations around the clock, considering the safety of the personnel or the bridge is closed, resulting in the missed peak flow, the flood warning and the post-mortem analysis. Help is limited.

Although the current river management unit is trying to resume the full flood observation, but limited by manpower and equipment, the time of a single manual observation is usually more than 2 hours (a single observation usually requires 4 to 5 lines), daily The number of data sets that can be obtained is limited; in addition, nighttime and heavy rain can cause poor visibility, which has a great impact on personnel safety and accuracy of observation. Therefore, an automated system is needed to replace the manual observation method.

The main object of the present invention is to provide an automatic system capable of measuring multiple hydrological parameters of a river at the same time, comprising: a water level gauge, applying the emission and reflection of electric waves or sound waves to calculate the distance of the water level gauge to the water surface, and then using the water level gauge The elevation of the position deducts the distance to obtain the surface elevation (ie water level); a surface flow meter, the application of radio waves or sound waves to measure the surface velocity according to the Doppler principle; a weight detector, consisting of a weight, a hydrometer, a muddy sand concentration meter, The flow meter consists of a water pressure gauge, which is measured by water pressure measurement; the mud sand concentration meter uses the sonic Doppler principle to measure the mud sand concentration; the flow meter uses a rotary cup or propeller or resistive heat dissipation rate principle to measure The flow rate of various underwater depths. The mud sand concentration meter, the flow meter and the water pressure gauge operate simultaneously to obtain the mud sand concentration and flow rate at different water depth positions. When the water pressure gauge sinks to the riverbed surface, the measured water depth is the distance from the water surface to the riverbed surface, and the elevation of the riverbed surface is obtained by subtracting the distance from the water surface elevation (ie, water level) obtained in the front. The riverbed erosion (or siltation) depth is obtained by comparing the elevation of the riverbed surface obtained at different times.

The detailed structure of an example of the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of the present case comprises a supporting frame which is located under the bridge deck and has a vertical plate connected below the bridge deck; a lower plate is a flat plate; the support frame is fixed All the measuring unit; a waterproof iron box, the waterproof iron box is located above the flat plate of the support frame, the waterproof iron box includes: a signal processing machine and a data storage device are located in the waterproof iron box, the signal processing machine and the data The storage device can send signals to the various measuring instruments to measure the water level and the surface velocity of the water flow within a set time; a winch is located in the waterproof iron box and includes a steel cable, at least one waterproof wire (transmission signal) and At least one pulley; wherein the cable extends out of the waterproof iron box for hoisting a hollow cylindrical hammer detector; the cable is wound around the waterproof wire, and the wire is used for transmitting signals of various measuring instruments to the signal processor; The steel cable can be raised and lowered, so that hydrological parameter data at different water depths can be obtained; a water pressure gauge is located in the hollow space of the hollow cylindrical hammer detector, For measuring the water pressure, the water depth of the position of the water pressure gauge can be obtained by using a formula conversion; wherein the hollow cylindrical weight is located at the end of the steel cable, and the hollow space weight of the hollow cylindrical weight is used for the water pressure gauge for The water pressure gauge is sunk into the water and reaches the river bed. When the hollow cylindrical weight sinks into the water, the included water pressure gauge starts to measure the water pressure, and the water pressure is converted by the formula to obtain the water depth of the position of the water pressure gauge; When the hollow cylindrical weight reaches the riverbed, the water pressure does not change any more, so whether the water cylinder pressure reaches a fixed value can be used to judge whether the hollow cylindrical weight reaches the riverbed.

Regarding the technical means used for the purpose of the creation of this case, I would like to follow the example shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 to elaborate on the case as follows:

This case is mainly to propose an automatic measurement method and system for multiple hydrological parameters in rivers, including a water level gauge, applying water wave or sound wave to emit and reflect water level; a surface flow meter, applying electric wave or sound wave to measure water surface by Doppler principle Flow rate; a heavy hammer detector consisting of a heavy hammer, a water pressure gauge, a mud sand concentration meter, and a flow meter: a water pressure gauge that uses a water pressure measurement to obtain a water depth; a mud sand concentration meter that uses a sonic Doppler principle to measure a mud sand concentration; A flow meter that measures the flow rate of various underwater depths. The mud sand concentration meter, the flow meter and the water pressure gauge operate simultaneously to obtain the mud sand concentration and flow rate at different water depth positions. When the water pressure gauge sinks to the riverbed surface, the measured water depth is the distance from the water surface to the riverbed surface, and the elevation of the riverbed surface is obtained by subtracting the distance from the water surface elevation (ie, water level) obtained in the front. The riverbed erosion (or siltation) depth is obtained by comparing the elevation of the riverbed surface obtained at different times.

The structure of the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system in this case, as shown in Figure 1, includes:

A support frame 10 is disposed under the bridge deck. The support frame 10 includes a vertical plate 11 connected to the lower side of the bridge panel. The vertical plate 11 is a flat plate 12. The flat plate 12 has a waterproof iron box 20, and the bottom plate 12 is below the flat plate 12. A water level gauge 30 and a flow meter 40 are placed. The support frame 10 is used to fix all the measuring units.

A waterproof iron box 20, which is located above the flat plate 12 of the support frame 10, and includes: a signal processor 21, a data storage device 22, a communication device 23, a winch 24, a cable 25, and a waterproof wire (transmission signal) 26 And pulley 27. The signal processor 21 and the data storage device 22 in the waterproof iron box 20 can be completed by a portable computer. The hoist 24 of the waterproof iron box 20 is connected to a steel cable 25 which extends out of the waterproof iron box 20 for hoisting the hollow cylindrical weight 50 and the ultrasonic mud concentration measuring meter 60.

One end of the cable 25 is connected to the hoist 24 in the waterproof iron 20 box, and the other end extends out of the waterproof iron box 20 and is suspended to hang the hollow cylindrical weight 50. The cable 25 is wound around the waterproof wire 26, and the wire 26 is used to transmit the sediment concentration meter 60 and the water pressure gauge 55 signal to the signal processor 21. Since the wire rope 25 can be raised and lowered, the sand concentration of the water flow at different water depths can be obtained.

A signal processor 21 and a data storage device 22, the signal processor and the 21 data storage device 22 can send signals to the water level gauge 30 and the surface velocity meter 40 to measure the water level and the flow surface velocity respectively within a set time. At the same time, the signal processor 21 issues a signal to activate the hoisting machine 24, and discharges the cable 25, the waterproof wire 26, the hollow cylindrical weight 50, the water pressure gauge 55, and the muddy sand concentration measuring meter 60. The signal processor 21 can automatically measure the hydrological parameters by setting the time interval and store the data in the data storage device 22. And because the use of computer control measurement, there is no concern about the safety of personnel operation, the measurement accuracy is higher than the manual method, and is not affected by weather, poor night vision or bridge closure.

The communication device 23 in the present case may be a wired and wireless connection for connecting the related signal processor and the data storage device to the remote control terminal, so that the user can perform remote control, data transmission, analysis, and the like. Personnel do not need to be on site, and can even take measurements with mobile devices such as tablets.

A water level gauge 30, which is located below the flat plate 12 of the support frame 10, is aligned with the vertical plate 11 of the support frame 10. The water level gauge 30 is an ultrasonic or radar wave water level gauge, which uses signals of emission and reflection. The surface elevation was measured.

A surface flow meter 40 is located below the plate 12 of the support frame 10. The flow meter 40 is a radar wave or image tracking type flow meter that measures the surface of the water flow using signal or image comparisons of the emitted and reflected signals. Flow rate.

The hollow cylindrical weight 50 is located at the end of the cable 25 for sinking the water pressure gauge 55 and the muddy sand concentration gauge 60 into the water and reaching the river bed. The hollow cylindrical weight 50 has a water pressure gauge 55 in the hollow space. . When the hollow cylindrical weight 50 sinks into the water, the contained water pressure gauge 55 starts to measure the water pressure, and the water pressure is converted by the formula to obtain the water depth at the position of the water pressure gauge 55. When the hollow cylindrical weight 50 reaches the riverbed, the water pressure does not change any more, so whether or not the hollow cylindrical weight 50 reaches the riverbed can be judged by whether the water pressure reaches a fixed value.

The water pressure gauge 55 is located in the hollow space of the hollow cylindrical weight 50 for measuring the water pressure, and the water depth at the position of the water pressure gauge 55 can be obtained by formula conversion.

a sediment concentration meter 60, the sediment concentration meter 60 is located at the end of the cable 25, above the hollow cylindrical weight 50, is an ultrasonic sediment concentration meter, and may be installed with a resistor as needed. Flow meter.

In the present case, a resistance type heat dissipation rate principle flow meter can be added to the hollow cylindrical weight 50, and the water depth flow rate of the vertical section can be obtained by using the water depth reading of the water pressure gauge 55, and the average flow rate, flow rate, and output can be calculated. The amount of sand, etc., can give more accurate results.

Due to the modular design of the system, some modules can be cancelled depending on local conditions. For example, some bridges have a water level gauge 30, so it is not necessary to reinstall the water level gauge 30. For example, due to financial constraints, the mud sand concentration meter 60 can be eliminated, as shown in FIG. However, the calculation method and logic of the hydraulic parameters of the system are the main parts of the innovation of the invention and should not be affected by the cancellation of some modules.

The invention utilizes a computer to control the measurement of hydrology, uses a signal processor to set a hoisting machine within a certain time, discharges a steel cable, a waterproof wire, a mud sand concentration measuring instrument, a water pressure gauge, a hollow cylindrical weight hammer, and a water level gauge. And the surface velocity meter measures the water level elevation and the surface velocity of the water flow, respectively. When the heavy hammer sinks into the water, the included water pressure gauge starts to measure the water pressure, and the water pressure is converted by the formula to obtain the water depth at the position of the water pressure gauge. When the weight reaches the riverbed, the water pressure does not change any more, so it can be judged whether the weight reaches the riverbed by whether the water pressure reaches a fixed value. The fixed value of water pressure determines the total water depth at that time (refers to the water depth from the riverbed to the free surface). After deducting the water depth from the water level measured by the water level gauge, the elevation of the riverbed surface can be obtained, and the elevation of the riverbed surface measured by the front and back time can be obtained, and the depth of the riverbed surface (sludge) can be obtained. After the sediment concentration meter above the hollow cylindrical weight is sunk into the water, the muddy sand concentration is measured simultaneously with the water pressure gauge. The mud sand concentration values of different water depths (degrees) can be obtained by comparing the data time of the water pressure gauge with the mud sand concentration meter. This provides an important reference for academic research.

The advantage of this system is 1. It can automatically set the time interval to automatically measure the hydraulic parameters. 2. No personnel operation safety concerns, the measurement accuracy is higher than the manual method, and is not affected by weather, poor night vision or bridge closure. 3. Instantly obtain measurement results and return, no need to manually calculate and then remit the return. 4. It can remotely control, and the personnel do not need to be at the scene, and can even carry out measurement tasks with mobile devices such as tablet computers. 5. Because the riverbed elevation can be obtained immediately, the flow rate can be measured more accurately using the "section velocity method". 6. It can instantly obtain the sand concentration of water flow with different water depths. Compared with the laboratory analysis which can only be taken by manual method, and can only collect the sand concentration at 20% water depth under the water surface, it is greatly improved. Sexuality and timeliness. 7. If a resistance type flow meter is installed and the water depth reading of the water pressure gauge is used, the flow velocity distribution of the vertical section can be obtained, and more accurate results can be obtained by calculating the average flow rate, flow rate, sand amount, and the like. 8. Although the weight detector of this system has a steel cable connected to the hoist, the cable is only used for the vertical weight detector, and its length is not used in the elevation calculation. Therefore, even if the wind and water flow make the steel wire arc, it does not affect the elevation. Calculation, this is the most significant difference between the system and the traditional riverbed elevation measurement method, and is significantly better than the traditional method.

The invention is only intended to be a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. That is, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the patent application of the present invention are covered by the scope of the invention.

10. . . Support frame

11. . . Riser

12. . . flat

20. . . Waterproof iron box

twenty one. . . Signal processor

twenty two. . . Data storage device

twenty three. . . Communication equipment

twenty four. . . hoist

25. . . Steel cable

26. . . Waterproof wire

27. . . pulley

30. . . Water level gauge

40. . . Surface flow meter

50. . . Hollow cylindrical hammer

55. . . Water pressure gauge

60. . . Mud concentration test

The first picture is a schematic diagram of the complete design of the case.

The second figure is a schematic diagram of the detailed components of the waterproof iron box of the present case.

The third picture is a schematic diagram of the simplified design of the case.

10. . . Support frame

11. . . Riser

12. . . flat

20. . . Waterproof iron box

25. . . Steel cable

26. . . Waterproof wire

30. . . Water level gauge

40. . . Surface flow meter

50. . . Hollow cylindrical hammer

55. . . Water pressure gauge

60. . . Mud concentration test

Claims (10)

An automatic measuring system for riverbed elevation, comprising: a water level gauge, calculating the distance of the water level gauge to the water surface by applying emission or reflection of electric waves or sound waves; and a water pressure gauge, applying water pressure to measure the water surface to the river bed The distance from the location of the water level gauge, minus the distance between the water level gauge and the water surface and the water surface to the riverbed, is the elevation of the riverbed. A multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system comprises a support frame, the support frame is located under the bridge deck, and a vertical plate is connected under the bridge panel; a lower plate is a flat plate; the support frame is used for fixing all the measuring units; a waterproof iron box, which is located above the flat plate of the support frame, the waterproof iron box includes: a signal processing machine and a data storage device are located in the waterproof iron box, the signal processing machine and the data storage device can be set at a time Inside, the signal is sent to measure the water level and the surface velocity of the water flow by various measuring instruments; a winch is located in the waterproof iron box and includes a steel cable, at least one waterproof wire (transmission signal) and at least one pulley; The cable extends out of the waterproof iron box for hoisting a hollow cylindrical weight; the cable is wound around the waterproof wire, and the wire is used for transmitting signals of various measuring instruments to the signal processor; the cable can be raised and lowered, so Obtaining data of different water depths; and a water pressure gauge located in the hollow space of the hollow cylindrical weight for measuring the water pressure, which can be obtained by formula conversion Piezometers where the depth of the position. The multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 1, wherein the hollow cylindrical weight is located at the end of the steel cable, and the hollow space of the hollow cylindrical weight contains the water pressure gauge for water The pressure gauge sinks into the water and reaches the river bed. When the hollow cylindrical weight sinks into the water, the contained water pressure gauge starts to measure the water pressure, and the water pressure is converted by the formula to obtain the water depth of the position of the water pressure gauge; When the hollow cylindrical weight reaches the riverbed, the water pressure does not change any more, so whether the water cylinder pressure reaches a fixed value can be used to judge whether the hollow cylindrical weight reaches the riverbed. For example, the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of the second application patent scope includes: a sediment concentration measuring instrument, which is located at the end of the steel cable and above the inside of the hollow cylindrical weight. For example, the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 4, wherein the sediment concentration measuring instrument is an ultrasonic sediment concentration measuring instrument. For example, the multi-function river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 5 includes a flow meter; with the water depth reading of the water pressure gauge, the vertical flow velocity distribution can be obtained, and the average flow rate, flow rate, and sand transport can be calculated. Amount, etc., can get more accurate results. For example, the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 2 includes: a surface flow meter, which is located below the flat plate of the support frame, and the flow meter is a radar wave or image tracking type flow meter. The surface velocity of the water flow is measured using a signal or image alignment of the emitted and reflected signals. For example, the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 2 includes: a water level gauge which is located below the flat plate of the support frame and aligned with the vertical plate of the support frame. For example, the multi-function river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 8 wherein the water level gauge is an ultrasonic or radar wave water level gauge, and the water surface elevation is measured by the signal of emission and reflection. For example, the multifunctional river hydrological automatic measuring system of claim 2, wherein the communication device is a wired or wireless connection for connecting the relevant signal processor and the data storage device to the remote control end, so the user Remote remote control and data transmission and analysis are available.