TW201302444A - 聚胺酯複合材及其製法 - Google Patents

聚胺酯複合材及其製法 Download PDF

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TW201302444A
TW201302444A TW100125045A TW100125045A TW201302444A TW 201302444 A TW201302444 A TW 201302444A TW 100125045 A TW100125045 A TW 100125045A TW 100125045 A TW100125045 A TW 100125045A TW 201302444 A TW201302444 A TW 201302444A
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skin layer
composite according
foam
implant
composite
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qi-wen Li
tian-cai Guo
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qi-wen Li
tian-cai Guo
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Priority to TW100125045A priority Critical patent/TW201302444A/zh
Priority to CN2012101098135A priority patent/CN102873812A/zh
Priority to US13/462,558 priority patent/US20130017384A1/en
Publication of TW201302444A publication Critical patent/TW201302444A/zh

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    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
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    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
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    • C09D167/00Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract

一種聚胺酯(PU)複合材及其製法。本發明之製法係先提供一模具,再於該模具之模穴內形成包含聚酯樹脂之皮層,然後於該具有皮層之模具內形成包覆有植入物之發泡體。本發明之PU複合材表面覆有形成於發泡體表面的皮層,其中,該發泡體係經發泡之PU,該皮層之硬度為3H至5H,且該皮層之硬度大於該發泡體。由於本發明之PU複合材覆有皮層,可避免產品表面產生細孔或裂痕,減少後續加工處理,提昇生產速度且亦具有高產品強度。

Description

聚胺酯複合材及其製法
本發明係有關於一種聚胺酯(PU)複合材及其製法,尤指一種不僅可避免表面細孔之產生,且亦具有高強度之聚胺酯(PU)複合材及其製法。
聚胺酯(PU)主要係由二異氰酸酯(Diisocyanates)單體與羥基化合物聚合而得,其應用層面相當廣泛,舉凡塗料、汽車配件、合成皮及傢俱等,更因PU製品的隔熱隔音效果良好,而應用於建築隔音板及冷凍工業。而經發泡處理之PU則常應用於坐墊、屋頂隔熱板、隔間牆及門板等。
一般坐墊之製作,係於模具內敷設一聚氯乙烯(PVC)皮革,並以真空泵令該PVC皮革緊貼模具內表面,接著在模具內灌注經發泡之PU以製、備坐墊,惟,該坐墊為符合彈性及舒適性,此類產品不具備良好之鋼性及強度。
適合做為門板等硬質產品之發泡PU複合材,主要係於經發泡之PU中設置強化材料以提升產品強度。如第4圖所示之習知PU複合材結構及其製法示意圖,主要係於模具40內先放置如木塊之強化材料45,接著於該模具40內灌注經發泡之PU47,以製得PU複合材。然而,此種PU複合材之成型過程,為提升產品的強度,係使用高發泡密度的硬質PU,但製得的PU複合材表面皆會產生如針孔或氣泡孔之細孔48或缺料,而需人工加以修補,無法提升生產速度,但即便後續進行補土或粉飾等加工處理,仍難以達到高標準之品質要求。
因此,如何提供一種PU複合材及其製法,俾能避免表面細孔之產生,減少後續加工處理,仍能維持產品強度及提昇生產速度,實為一重要課題。
有鑑於上述習知技術之缺點,本發明提供一種聚胺酯(PU)複合材之製法,包括下列步驟:於一模具之模穴內形成皮層;於該具有皮層之模穴內,形成包覆有植入物之發泡體,以得到具有該皮層及包覆該植入物之發泡體的聚胺酯複合材,其中,該發泡體係經發泡之PU,且該皮層之硬度大於該發泡體;以及使該聚胺酯複合材脫離該模具。
本發明為使製得的PU複合材表面不會產生細孔或缺料,於製造過程中係將皮層形成於模具之模穴內表面,可避免產品表面產生細孔或裂痕。於本發明之製法中,該皮層之材質包括聚酯樹脂、增靭劑、應力分散劑及偶聯劑,其中,該皮層之硬度為3H至5H。
於前述製法中,以100重量份之該聚酯樹脂計,該增靭劑之含量為10至90重量份,該應力分散劑之含量為10至25重量份,該偶聯劑之含量為0.3至0.5重量份。
於前述製法中,該包覆有植入物之發泡體之形成係於該具有皮層之模具內設置植入物,再形成經發泡之PU,亦即填充製備PU之反應物,再於該具有皮層之模具內形成經發泡之PU;或者可先混合該植入物與製備PU之反應物;以及於該具有皮層之模穴內形成經發泡之PU。若預先混合植入物與製備PU之反應物,則通常該植入物係粉體或複數顆粒。
此外,前述製法中,係可以噴灑、塗佈或灌注方式形成0.05至10mm之皮層。且由於該皮層含有如片狀粉體之應力分散劑,特別適於噴灑或塗佈等簡易方式形成皮層,且不產生細孔或裂痕。該應力分散劑之具體實例如玻璃鱗片、石墨或雲母片。
根據本發明之製法,本發明揭示一種PU複合材,係包括:植入物;發泡體,係包覆該植入物,其中,該發泡體係經發泡之PU;以及本發明之皮層,係形成於該發泡體表面(在此係指發泡體之至少一表面)上,其中,該皮層之硬度為3H至5H,且該皮層之硬度大於該發泡體。通常,該發泡體之硬度為shore A 70至95。
較佳者,本發明之聚酯樹脂不含有氮原子,為具單純之C(=O)OR酯基者(R例如為烷基)。例如,藉由具有至少雙官能基的酸類單體和醇類單體製備而得,如一般市售可得之聚酯樹脂。
於該PU複合材中,該植入物係塊體、片體、粉體或複數顆粒。由於本發明之PU複合材係搭配皮層及發泡體,因此,可降低作為發泡體之經發泡PU的密度至0.05至0.9g/cm3
前述PU複合材中,該皮層除了可僅形成於發泡體一側表面上外,該皮層可形成於該發泡體之兩相對表面上,或者該皮層係包覆該發泡體所有表面。
此外,作為本發明的進一步改進,該皮層之材質復包括色料及氫醌(HQ-10%),以100重量份之該聚酯樹脂計,該色料之含量為15至25重量份。
因此,本發明之PU複合材及其製法主要係於模具內先形成質地較硬之皮層,俾使PU複合材覆有皮層,且該皮層之材質極適合施作,不僅操作簡單,亦可輕易製作出極真仿木質地,而後續形成的發泡體,亦可採用密度較低的發泡PU,而不會降低最終產品之強度,再搭配植入物之置入,可維持甚至提升PU複合材之強度。此外,先於模具內形成皮層,更可避免產品表面產生細孔或裂痕,無須進行補土及磨平或粉飾等事倍功半之加工處理。
以下係藉由特定的具體實施例說明本發明,熟悉此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之其他優點與功效。
須知,本說明書所附圖式所繪示之結構、比例、大小等,均僅用以配合說明書所揭示之內容,以供熟悉此技藝之人士之瞭解與閱讀,並非用以限定本發明可實施之限定條件,故不具技術上之實質意義,任何結構之修飾、比例關係之改變或大小之調整,在不影響本發明所能產生之功效及所能達成之目的下,均應仍落在本發明所揭示之技術內容得能涵蓋之範圍內。同時,本說明書中所引用之如“上、下”、“內”及“一”等之用語,亦僅為便於敘述之明瞭,而非用以限定本發明可實施之範圍,其相對關係之改變或調整,在無實質變更技術內容下,當亦視為本發明可實施之範疇。
請參閱第1A至1C圖,係為本發明之PU複合材之製法示意圖。
如第1A圖所示,提供一模具10,係可包括上模10a及下模10b;以及於該模具10之模穴10c內藉由噴灑、塗佈或灌注方式形成皮層13,尤其以刷塗的方式更為適合。於製作上可依不同需求在模具10之模穴10c內之至少一表面形成皮層13,並以模具10內兩兩相對表面形成皮層13為佳,最佳地則是在模具10所有內緣形成皮層13。通常,前述之至少一表面係指最終產品之須經常接觸或者受力的表面,於該表面形成皮層13可獲致較佳的外觀及機械強度。此外,該皮層係包括聚酯樹脂、增靭劑、應力分散劑及偶聯劑,且該皮層之硬度為3H至5H。當然,該皮層亦可包括色料、氫醌。皮層之厚度為0.05至10mm。
本發明中,增靭劑之實例包括,但不限於丙烯腈橡膠、丁二烯橡膠、丙烯腈-丁二烯橡膠、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、具有羧基端基之橡膠、具有胺端基之橡膠、具有環氧基端基之橡膠、矽氧橡膠、聚丙烯酸系橡膠,亦可使用另一種聚酯樹脂作為增靭劑。該應力分散劑之具體實例如玻璃鱗片、石墨或雲母片。
偶聯劑之實例包括,但不限於包括矽烷型偶聯劑如乙烯基三氯矽烷、乙烯基三乙氧基矽烷、乙烯基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-甲基丙烯醯氧丙基三甲氧基矽烷、β-(3,4-環氧環己基)乙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-環氧丙氧基丙基甲基二乙氧矽烷、N-β(氨基乙基)γ-氨基丙基甲基甲氧矽烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基矽烷、N-苯基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基矽烷、γ-巰基丙基三甲氧基矽烷和γ-氯丙基三甲氧基矽烷;鈦酸鹽型偶聯劑;鋁型偶合劑、鋯鋁酸型偶聯劑、矽氧烷型偶聯劑及氟型偶聯劑。這些偶聯劑可以單獨或結合使用。
色料之實例包括染料及顏料,例如但不限於二氧化鈦、氧化鋅、碳黑、鎘黃(cadmium yellow)、鉻黃(chrome yellow)、鈦黃、聯苯胺黃G、聯苯胺黃10G、鎘紅等。
如第1B及1B’圖所示,於該具有皮層13之模穴10c內,形成包覆植入物15之發泡體17,其中,該發泡體17係經發泡之PU,且該發泡體17之硬度為shore A 70至95以及該皮層13之硬度大於該發泡體17。又該發泡體17之硬度shore A以80至95為佳,並以85至95為更佳。在本圖所示之實施態樣中,係首先於該具有皮層13之模具10內設置植入物15;接著再填充製備PU之反應物,再於該具有皮層之模具10內形成經發泡之PU,最後密合上模10a及下模10b即可得到本發明之PU複合材。在此實施例中,該模具係具有支撐體19,以供該植入物15置於其上,俾使發泡體17得以包覆植入物15。此外,體積較大的植入物的實例包括塊體及片體等,其中,該塊體及片體可具有各種外型,不論實心、空心或其他結構皆可依據需求及應用的產品而選擇,例如,可採用框架式或骨幹式之植入物。又本發明亦未限制植入物之材質,該植入物可為木材、經壓合之木材(中密度纖維板(Medium Density Fiberboard,MDF))、塑料板、塑料發泡板、金屬、玻璃纖維或如石棉板之防火材。具體而言,若有輕量化之需求則可添加或增加玻璃纖維,而使用金屬植入物則具有防盜之功能。
在本發明中之發泡體,主要係使用硬質發泡PU,通常,其製法係於例如水的發泡劑(blowing agent)存在下,使如聚丙二醇的聚醚聚合物或聚酯聚合物、與聚異氰酸酯(polymeric isocyanates)進行反應,反應期間產生二氧化碳則可得到硬質PU發泡體。此外,其他可用於本發明之經發泡之PU及其製法,並不限於前述說明內容,亦可選擇其他適合的硬質發泡PU。
如第1C圖所示之另一發泡體的製法態樣中,倘若該植入物係粉體或複數顆粒等較細微之植入物,則先使該植入物15與製備PU之反應物混合,亦即與聚醚聚合物或聚酯聚合物進行摻混之後,再與聚異氰酸酯進行混合,再灌注於該具有皮層13之模具10內而填充以形成PU發泡體17。
透過前述方式製備之PU複合材,其發泡體之密度可降低至0.05至0.9g/cm3。其較佳的密度範圍係0.08至0.5 g/cm3,並以0.1至0.3 g/cm3為更佳。較低的密度有利於控制經發泡之PU在模具內的填充狀況,並降低製作成本。
最後自該模具中取出表面覆有皮層之發泡體即可得到本發明之PU複合材。
依據前述製法,本發明復揭示一種PU複合材,係包括:植入物15;發泡體17,係包覆該植入物15,其中,該發泡體17係經發泡之硬質PU;以及皮層13,係形成於該發泡體17表面(在此處係指發泡體17之至少一表面)上,如前所述,該皮層13之材質包括聚酯樹脂、增靭劑、應力分散劑及偶聯劑,其中,以100重量份之聚酯樹脂計,該增靭劑之含量為10至90重量份,該應力分散劑之含量為10至25重量份,該偶聯劑之含量為0.3至0.5重量份,其中,該皮層之硬度為3H至5H,且該皮層13之硬度大於該發泡體17。
在本發明之PU複合材中,該植入物係塊體、片體、粉體或複數顆粒。該塊體及片體可具有各種外型,不論實心、空心或其他結構皆可依據需求及應用的產品而選擇,例如,可採用框架式或骨幹式之植入物。又本發明亦未限制植入物之材質,該植入物可為木材、經壓合之木材、塑料板、塑料發泡板、金屬、玻璃纖維或如石棉板之防火材。具體而言,若有輕量化之需求則可添加或增加玻璃纖維,而使用金屬植入物則具有防盜之功能。
請參閱第2圖,係顯示本發明之第二實施例之剖面示意圖。本實施例與前述實施例之製法所揭露者大致相同,主要差異係於模具內緣兩相對表面上形成皮層。如圖所示,該植入物25可如前述實施例設置及變化,所得之PU複合材的該皮層23係形成於該發泡體27之兩相對表面上。
復請參閱第3圖,係顯示本發明之第三實施例之剖面示意圖。本實施例與前述實施例之製法所揭露者大致相同,主要差異係於模具內緣所有表面上形成皮層。如圖所示,該植入物35可如前述實施例設置及變化,所得之PU複合材的該皮層33係包覆該發泡體37所有表面。
本發明之PU複合材可應用於各種領域,例如建材、傢俱、飾品、工具零件等,在建材方面可作為門板、如隔間牆或隔音板之隔板以及仿木地板等,亦可做為各式傢俱,例如桌椅、床架或床板等。
測試例
測試方法:ASTM(American Society For Testing and Materials(ASTM) D
於鐵片上塗磷化防銹底漆,待乾。以刷塗的方式刷塗形成本發明皮層於該鐵片(實驗組),待乾。而後進行10個冷熱循環試驗。以同樣方式進行比較例塗層之刷塗。測得的附著力等級結果紀錄於表1中。
另外,各物性等的測定方法係如下述方法。
膠化時間:依據熱板式膠化時間測定法,在175℃熱平板上搭載著試料,測定從試料在熱平板上熔融時點起至硬化為止的時間。將此測定時間設定為膠化時間。
硬度測試(鉛筆式硬度計,Mitsubishi):在剛成形後,便馬上使用鉛筆式硬度計測定硬度。
樹脂:間苯二甲酸與乙二醇及丙二醇之聚合物(國精化學股份有限公司,K530)
增靭劑:鄰苯二甲酸與二乙二醇之聚合物(國精化學股份有限公司,8528)
玻璃鱗片:中鹼玻璃(志成玻璃鱗片有限公司,C-150)
偶聯劑:矽烷偶聯劑(志成玻璃鱗片有限公司,KH-570)
本發明之PU複合材及其製法主要係於模具內先形成質地較硬之皮層,不僅可輕易製作出極真仿木質地,後續形成的發泡體,亦可採用密度較低的發泡PU,而不會降低最終產品之強度,其二者之間無需透過膠黏劑結合。再搭配植入物之置入,可維持甚至提升PU複合材之強度。此外,先於模具內形成皮層,更可避免產品表面產生細孔或裂痕,無須進行補土及磨平或粉飾等事倍功半之加工處理。上述實施例僅為例示性說明本發明之原理及其功效,而非用於限制本發明。任何熟習此項技藝之人士均可在不違背本發明之精神及範疇下,對上述實施例進行修飾與變化。因此,本發明之權利保護範圍,應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。
10...模具
10a...上模
10b...下模
13...皮層
15...植入物
17...發泡體
19...支撐體
23...皮層
25...植入物
27...發泡體
33...皮層
35...植入物
37...發泡體
40...模具
45...強化材料
47...經發泡之PU
48...細孔
10c...模穴
第1A至1C圖係為本發明PU複合材及其製法示意圖,其中,第1B’圖係第1B圖之立體示意圖;
第2圖係為本發明PU複合材第二實施例示意圖;
第3圖係為本發明PU複合材第三實施例示意圖;以及
第4圖係為習知PU複合材結構及其製法示意圖。
10...模具
10a...上模
10b...下模
13...皮層
15...植入物
17...發泡體
19...支撐體

Claims (25)

  1. 一種聚胺酯(PU)複合材之製法,係包括下列步驟:於一模具之模穴內形成皮層,其中,該皮層之材質包括聚酯樹脂、增靭劑、應力分散劑及偶聯劑,其中,以100重量份之該聚酯樹脂計,該增靭劑之含量為10至90重量份,該應力分散劑之含量為10至25重量份,該偶聯劑之含量為0.3至0.5重量份,且該皮層之硬度為3H至5H;於該具有皮層之模穴內,形成包覆有植入物之發泡體,以得到具有該皮層及包覆該植入物之發泡體的聚胺酯複合材,其中,該發泡體係經發泡之PU,且該皮層之硬度大於該發泡體之硬度;以及使該聚胺酯複合材脫離該模具。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該包覆植入物之發泡體之形成係於該具有皮層之模穴內設置植入物,再填充製備PU之反應物,以於該具有皮層之模具內形成經發泡之PU。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該包覆植入物之發泡體之形成係混合該植入物與製備PU之反應物,再於該具有皮層之模具內形成經發泡之PU。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第3項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該植入物係粉體或複數顆粒。
  5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該發泡體之密度為0.05至0.9g/cm3
  6. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該發泡體之硬度為shore A 70至95。
  7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該聚酯樹脂不含有氮原子。
  8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該應力分散劑係片狀粉體。
  9. 如申請專利範圍第8項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該應力分散劑係選自玻璃鱗片、石墨或雲母片。
  10. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該皮層之材質復包括色料及氫醌(HQ-10%)。
  11. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該皮層之厚度為0.05至10mm。
  12. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該植入物係塊體、片體、粉體或複數顆粒。
  13. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,係以噴灑、塗佈或灌注方式形成皮層。
  14. 一種PU複合材,係包括:植入物;發泡體,係包覆該植入物,其中,該發泡體係經發泡之PU;以及皮層,係形成於該發泡體至少一表面上,其中,該皮層之材質包括聚酯樹脂、增靭劑、應力分散劑及偶聯劑,其中,該皮層之硬度為3H至5H,且該皮層之硬度大於該發泡體。
  15. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,以100重量份之該聚酯樹脂計,該增靭劑之含量為10至90重量份,該應力分散劑之含量為10至25重量份,該偶聯劑之含量為0.3至0.5重量份。
  16. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該植入物係塊體、片體、粉體或複數顆粒。
  17. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該發泡體之密度為0.05至0.9g/cm3
  18. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該發泡體之硬度為shore A 70至95。
  19. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該聚酯樹脂不含有氮原子。
  20. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該應力分散劑係片狀粉體。
  21. 如申請專利範圍第20項所述之PU複合材之製法,其中,該應力分散劑係選自玻璃鱗片、石墨或雲母片。
  22. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該皮層之材質復包括復包括色料及氫醌(HQ-10%)。
  23. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該皮層之厚度為0.05至10mm。
  24. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該皮層係形成於該發泡體之兩相對表面上。
  25. 如申請專利範圍第14項所述之PU複合材,其中,該皮層係包覆該發泡體所有表面。
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