201222621 四、指定代表圖： (一） 本案指定代表圖為：第（2)圖。 (二） 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明： 13B〜封裝管； 26〜氧化鋁； 30 ~陽極； 30B4®幹部； 3 0 A〜前端部； 300外周面。 五、本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學 無0 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於在發光管内配置電極的放電燈，特別是 關於用於短弧（short arc)型放電燈等的高輝度放電燈 (HID燈）的電極的表面構造。 【先前技術】 在短弧型放電燈中，是使陰極、陽極對向配置於石英 玻璃製的放電管，藉由從陰極向陽極放出電子而發生電弧 放電，而放電發光。作為電極材料者，為了防止點燈過程 中的電極熔融’ 一般使用高熔點的鎢（w)。 另外，用於高輝度放電燈的陰極的情況，為了提高電 子釋出能力而高輝度發光，是使用已摻雜動作溫度相對較 低的電子放射性物質（電子釋放材料）之氧化钍（Th〇2)的鎢 201222621 陰極（通稱鉦鎢陰極）（例如請參考專利文獻1、2)。 在電弧放電期間’藉由電子釋放而使陰極前端 極前端部的溫声μ I ^ 4及％ /彳。-旦溫度上升至電極材料的熔點附 去°刖端部、陽極前端部會熔融、蒸發，而損耗電極。 3發的金屬會附著在放電管内壁，藉此使發光管内壁專 化。也就是金屬的附著會招致透光率的下降，而降低燈： 光輸出。還有，-旦發光管内壁黑化黑化的部分會呈：局 部性的高S，而在發光管累積熱應變，而會有燈破裂的情 況0 註嫣陰極的情況，藉由還原作用敍在電極表面形成單 2子層，但是從氧滅分離的氧會與陽極前端部的鶴結 合，這會使陽極前端部的炫點下降，而損耗電極。為了防 止這樣的電極損耗，例如在钍鎢陰極成形後，藉由真办加 熱處理’在陰極表面附近形成不含氧化娃層（驗層）（請1 考專利文獻3)。 月’ 抑或是藉由在發光管内表面塗覆透明的多晶體之氧化 鋁（A12 03)’可以防止發光管的黑化（請參考專利文獻4、 5)。氧化紹的化學上、物理上的安定性優於放電管材料的 石英玻璃，不會與點燈過程中從電極釋放的金屬、離子等 的帶電粒子、化合物等反應，而防止發光f的黑化現象。 【先行技術文獻】 【專利文獻】 【專利文獻1】特開昭57-9044號公報 【專利文獻2】特開20 03-22780號公報 201222621 【專利文獻3】特開2003-257365號公報 【專利文獻4】特開昭61_294752號公報 【專利文獻5】特開2002-157974號公報 【發明内容】 【發明所欲解決的問題】 在陰極表面附近形成脫钍層這類的特殊金屬層的步 驟，疋繁雜的作業步驟，而使燈的生產效率低落。另外， 在電弧放電過程中，若未在陰極表面形成適度的鉉層，會 招致放電管的黑化現象、或是輝度下降。例如一旦由於電 子釋出而在陰極表面再結晶的鼓過多 藉由電極溫度的上 升使鉉蒸發而附著於放電管。相反妯 S祁汉地右鉦過少，則無法提 升陰極的電子釋出能力。 另一方面，在放電管内面塗覆氧化鋁等的步驟也是繁 雜的作業步驟，使生產效率惡化。另夕卜即使是塗覆，： 於加熱成形的放電管本身就含熱，由於熱能的f彡響而未滿 足足夠的塗覆性能，使透光率低落。 【用以解決問題的手段】 本發明的放電燈，是不需要繁雜的作業步驟而可以防 止放電容器的黑化的放電燈’其包含：一放電容器；以及 一陽極與一陰極，在該放電容器内對向配置。例如短弧型 放電燈等輸出高輝度的光線的放電燈，其電極處在高溫狀 態。但是亦可適用於電弧型放電燈以外的放電燈的電極。 放電谷器由透光的石英玻璃等構成即可，電極由鎢等的金 4 201222621 屬材料構成即可。另外，可使陽極含鉀。 本發月巾纟V在陽極表面形成有微小的凹凸。例 如施以表面處理而可以形成微小的凹凸。在此處的微小的 凹凸’例如可以是無光澤的粗糙狀態(如梨子一般粒狀粗糙 表面狀態）1的是數十微米尺度的凹凸。作為表面處理 者’可藉由珠粒噴擊、濕式喷擊、喷砂法(sand blast^ 的喷擊處理進行表面最後潤飾。或者藉由機械性的最後潤 飾雷射加工、放電加工等的表面處理以外的方法，形成 微細凹凸(數百微米尺度的凹凸）…尤是亦可使表面粗 化。黑化抑制體嵌入這些微小的凹凸，而容易附著於陽極 表面。 「而在本發明中，防止放電容器黑化的物質（以下稱為 …化抑制體」）是散佈、附著於形成有微小的凹凸的陽極 表面。在此處，「黑化抑制體」是指不與放電容器的組成 材料（例如石英玻璃）反應（不產生黑化現象）、即使附著於 放電谷器内表面仍使透光率儘量不下降的粒狀物質、組成 物另外，「散佈」，是指在表面上零散地（均一地分散的 狀態下）分佈，例如與黑化抑制體無暇地覆蓋陽極表面的狀 態不同。黑化抑制體例如是藉由如粒狀、粉末般的微小塊 狀物的集合體所構成’其大小並未受限。陽極表面的微小 凹凸的程度（尺寸），亦可因應黑化抑制體的尺寸而決定。 若藉由弧放電使陽極温度上升，附著於陽極表面的黑 =抑制體會炼融、蒸發。由於陽極表面粗縫，黑化抑制體 容易蒸發。藉由在放電容器產生的熱對流，蒸發的黑化抑 201222621 制體會與放電容器内矣 円表面接觸’成為固體而附著。由於黑 化抑制體散佈於陽極表面，其從陽極表面隨機蒸發，藉由 熱對流而附著於放電容器。如此一來在本發明中，藉由製 造燈後的點燈動作，如塗膜般的保護處理是隨著點燈動作 的流逝而對放電容器内表面進行。 -鎢、钍等成為電極材料的金屬’ 一旦電極受到加熱就 熔融蒸發’-旦附著在放電容器内’則引起放電容器内 表面的黑化現象。特別是短弧型放電燈的情況，陰極、陽 極刖端部會成為2。。〇。。附近的高溫，金屬電極容易蒸發。 然而，在本發明中’當製造燈後點燈起動，預先附著 於陽極表面的黑化抑制體則蒸發而附著於放電容器。附著 於放電容器内表面的黑化抑制體，由於不會與放電容器反 應、透光率不會下降，使放電容器不會黑化。 另方面，右黑化抑制體附著於放電容器内表面，從 鎢等的電極蒸發的電極材料的金屬'或是水銀等的為了發 光而封入放電管内#金屬$會與玻璃反應。也就是阻止招 致黑化的金屬附著於放電容器。其結果，即使長時間使用 燈’黑化現象仍不會進展’燈以穩定的照度持續點燈。 從製造燈的步驟直到開始點燈，作為不使黑化抑制體 剝離而確實地固定在陽極表面的方法者，較好為施以表面 處理。由於藉由表面處理使陽極表面變粗糙，黑化抑制體 會強力附著於陽極表面，在電極加熱處理等的製造燈的步 驟的過程中，黑化抑制體不會從陽極表面剝離，直到製造 後初次點亮燈之前，黑化抑制體是堅固地固定在陽極表面。 6 201222621 特別是為了以簡易的方法確實 竑IV崦Μ + ΚW者黑化抑制體，可 、处理，使黑化抑制體衝擊陽極表面。# ώ 鈿將…、化抑制體噴射至陽極表面，g # f + 在陽極表面形成凹凸狀 〜、木—般粒狀粗縫表面狀態）；另一方面，撞擊的里 化抑㈣的-部分，是-面使陽極表面沉陷、-面撞擊固' 定於該陽極表面。由於是喷擊處 疋嘴擎慝理黑化抑制體是以散佈 的狀態附著於陽極表面。 另外’藉由將黑化抑制體附著於微細溝槽的凹部，則 =止黑化抑制體從陽極表面突出，而即使在真^排氣處理 ⑽造燈的步驟的真空排氣處理之下，即使在發光管内 產生氣流’黑化抑制體仍不會剝離。 一旦鎢等的電極金屬蒸發，蒸發的金屬會在放電容器 浮斿為了從開始點燈開始，儘量使黑化抑制體早—點 :备發而附者於放電容器内表®，最好使用比陽極的電極材 料的金屬還先蒸發的黑化抑制體。 另外，水銀封入放電容器的情況，石英等的放電容器 會與水銀或氧化汞反應。若水銀進人放電容器的組成材料 内，對發光有貢獻的水銀量會減少，而照度會低落。為了 防止上述情形’較好為：與放電容器的組成材料（石英坡嗔 等）比較，不與金屬或金屬化合物起化學反應的黑化抑 體。 制 作為黑化抑制體者，可使用金屬黑化抑制體、或是金 屬氧化物等的金屬化合物黑化抑制體。例如較好為使用斜 石夬玻璃不會反應的氧化鋁。氧化鋁是物理上、化 '^上穩 201222621 定的多晶體，例如可使用透明氧化鋁。 為了在燈啟動後儘快熔融、蒸發黑化抑制體的目的 針對附著黑化抑制體的陽極表面區域 最有效率地熔融、蒸發的區域。 可決定黑化抑制體 另方面，在以陽極為上方、將電極配置在鉛直方向 、开/式·»又置放電燈的情況’陽極表面的溫度分佈成為特有 物。也就是由於來自陰極的電子釋出，陽極前端部成為非 常高溫的狀態，而與接近陰極側的電極前端部相比，在電 極^持支持棒那-側的陽極端面的溫度較低。另外在放 電官内沿著陽極外周面（側面）產生對流。 —因此，藉由使黑化抑制體沿著陽極的外周面（側面）附 著，可使黑化抑制體較快熔融而附著於放電管内表面。亦 可沿著周圍方向局部性地附著，亦可使黑化抑制體附著於 整個周圍方向的前表面。例如由錐狀前端部與柱狀躺幹部 構成陽極㈣況’將黑化抑龍附著於上述軀幹部的外周 面即可。特別是可根據分析點燈過程中的陽極溫度分佈， 判定沿著電極軸方向的黑化抑制體最容易蒸發的區域，可 將黑化抑制體集中地附著於此最容易蒸發的區域。 ^為了將氧化鋁確實地附著於陽極表面’較好為（例如沿 #周圍方向）形成供黑化抑制體嵌入的微細溝槽（例如微米 尺度的溝槽）。藉由黑化抑制體嵌入這樣的微細溝槽，則容 易附著於陽極表面。另外若黑化抑制體蒸發，微細溝槽2 作為散熱構造的功能。例如，可根據陽極的溫度分佈， 最適合的區域形成微細溝槽。 在 8 201222621 面為了增加黑化抑制體的附著量’較好為在陽極的外周 曰尺寸t者周圍方向形成剖面波狀（起皺狀）溝槽。此溝槽 疋寸运大於上述微細溝样的、、豊；I* r彳s丨L立 奪槽的溝槽（例如毫米尺度），而在 %極表面形成傾斜面。复纟士 隹 ，、…呆藉由表承處理可使更多的 ”，、化抑制體附著。例如，| θ 形成剖面波狀溝槽。考慮-度刀佈’在最適合的區域 若形成陽極表面的微細凹凸，在製造燈的步驟中容易 發生凸部的剥離，另卜 易 二^ 卜塵埃4的異物容易附著於陽極表 面。為了防止這種愔并！， ^ _ 滑形可在險極設置外徑小於陽極外徑 的縮徑部，並使上述Ρ # 心…化抑制體附者於上述縮徑部表面。 在陽極表面，特Μι丨4 + μ m 周面形成微細溝槽、剖面波狀溝 槽的情況亦是有效。 另方面為了使蒸發的黑化抑制體隨著放電管内的 對流迅速地附著於访带& ^ + 於放電官内表面之容易發生黑化的區域， 可在陽極的電極支持棒那— 1側後鳊面形成凹部。由於從鉛 直上方向下方（陰極側）沿著曾％纟& & τ % ^〜者電極支持棒下降的氣流會撞擊 於凹部而成為上升氣流 VL荽 /口者％極的外周面（側面）的上升 氣流可以重點式地將里仆女, 四將…化抑制體運送到放電管内表面之容 易發生黑化現象的區域。p M , 域因此，可以抑制起因於黑化的放201222621 IV. Designated representative map: (1) The representative representative of the case is: (2). (2) A brief description of the components of the representative figure: 13B~ package tube; 26~ alumina; 30 ~ anode; 30B4® stem; 3 0 A~ front end; 300 outer peripheral surface. 5. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please disclose the chemical that best shows the characteristics of the invention. 6. Description of the Invention: Technical Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a discharge lamp in which an electrode is disposed in an arc tube, and particularly relates to a short Surface structure of an electrode of a high-intensity discharge lamp (HID lamp) such as a short arc type discharge lamp. [Prior Art] In the short arc type discharge lamp, the cathode and the anode are arranged to face each other in a discharge tube made of quartz glass, and electrons are discharged from the cathode to the anode to cause arc discharge, thereby discharging and emitting light. As the electrode material, in order to prevent electrode melting during lighting, 'high melting point tungsten (w) is generally used. Further, in the case of a cathode for a high-intensity discharge lamp, high-intensity luminescence for improving the electron-releasing ability is a ruthenium oxide (Th〇2) using an electron radioactive material (electron release material) having a relatively low doping temperature. Tungsten 201222621 cathode (commonly referred to as tantalum tungsten cathode) (for example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2). During the arc discharge, the warmth sounds μ I ^ 4 and % / 前端 of the front end portion of the front end of the cathode are released by electron emission. Once the temperature rises to the melting point of the electrode material, the end portion of the anode is melted and evaporated, and the electrode is lost. The metal of the three hairs adheres to the inner wall of the discharge tube, thereby making the inner wall of the arc tube special. That is, the adhesion of the metal causes a decrease in the transmittance, and the lamp is reduced: the light output. In addition, the blackened portion of the inner wall of the arc tube will be: a local high S, and the thermal strain will accumulate in the arc tube, and there will be a lamp rupture. A single 2 sublayer is formed on the surface of the electrode, but the oxygen separated from the oxygen is combined with the crane at the front end of the anode, which causes the bright point of the front end portion of the anode to drop, and the electrode is lost. In order to prevent such electrode loss, for example, after the tantalum tungsten cathode is formed, a silicon oxide-free layer (inspection layer) is formed in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode by the heat treatment (see Patent Document 3). The blackening of the arc tube can be prevented by coating the transparent polycrystalline aluminum oxide (A12 03)' on the inner surface of the arc tube (refer to Patent Documents 4 and 5). The chemical and physical stability of the oxidation is superior to that of the quartz glass of the discharge tube material, and does not react with charged particles, compounds, etc. of metals, ions, etc. released from the electrodes during lighting, and prevents blackening of the luminescence f. phenomenon. [Patent Document 1] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. 2003-257365. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The step of forming a special metal layer such as a debonding layer in the vicinity of the surface of the cathode, [Patent Document 5] JP-A-2002-157974 (Patent Document 5) The complicated working steps make the production efficiency of the lamp low. In addition, in the arc discharge process, if a proper ruthenium layer is not formed on the surface of the cathode, blackening of the discharge tube or a decrease in luminance may occur. For example, if the drum is recrystallized on the surface of the cathode due to the release of electrons, the enthalpy is evaporated by the rise in the temperature of the electrode to adhere to the discharge tube. On the contrary, if the right side of the S祁han area is too small, the electron emission capacity of the cathode cannot be improved. On the other hand, the step of coating alumina or the like on the inner surface of the discharge tube is also a complicated work step, which deteriorates the production efficiency. In addition, even if it is coated, the heat-dissipating discharge tube itself contains heat, and the light transmittance is lowered due to the insufficient coating performance due to the thermal energy f squeaking. [Means for Solving the Problem] The discharge lamp of the present invention is a discharge lamp which can prevent blackening of the discharge vessel without complicated work steps, which comprises: a discharge vessel; and an anode and a cathode at the discharge The opposite direction is configured inside the container. For example, a discharge lamp that outputs high-intensity light such as a short-arc discharge lamp has its electrodes at a high temperature. However, it can also be applied to an electrode of a discharge lamp other than an arc type discharge lamp. The discharge valley device may be composed of a light-transmissive quartz glass or the like, and the electrode may be made of a material such as tungsten or the like. In addition, the anode can be made to contain potassium. The moon mask 纟V has minute irregularities formed on the surface of the anode. For example, a surface treatment can be applied to form minute irregularities. The minute irregularities here may be, for example, a matte rough state (e.g., a generally grainy rough surface state of a pear) 1 is a embossing of a tens of micrometer scale. As a surface treatment agent, the surface can be finished by bead blasting, wet blasting, sandblasting (sand blast^ blasting treatment, or mechanical finishing, laser processing, electric discharge machining, etc.) In addition to the surface treatment, fine concavities and convexities (concavities and convexities on the order of several hundred micrometers) are formed. In particular, the surface may be roughened. The blackening inhibitor is embedded in these minute irregularities and easily adheres to the surface of the anode. The substance that prevents the blackening of the discharge vessel (hereinafter referred to as the "suppressor") is dispersed and adhered to the surface of the anode on which the fine unevenness is formed. Here, the "blackening inhibitor" means a composition that does not overlap with the discharge vessel. A material (for example, quartz glass) reacts (no blackening phenomenon), and even if it adheres to the inner surface of the discharge vessel, the light-transmitting material does not decrease as much as possible. The "dispersion" means that it is scattered on the surface. The distribution of the ground (in a uniformly dispersed state) is, for example, different from the state in which the blackening inhibitor covers the surface of the anode without flaws. The blackening inhibitor is, for example, microscopically or powdery. The size of the aggregate of the bulk is not limited. The degree (size) of the fine unevenness on the surface of the anode can also be determined according to the size of the blackening inhibitor. If the temperature of the anode is raised by the arc discharge, the adhesion is increased. The black on the surface of the anode = inhibits the body to smelt and evaporate. Due to the rough surface of the anode, the blackening inhibitor easily evaporates. With the heat convection generated by the discharge vessel, the blackening of evaporation inhibits the internal cavity of the capacitor and the discharge vessel. The surface contact 'becomes a solid and adheres. Since the blackening inhibitor is scattered on the surface of the anode, it is randomly evaporated from the surface of the anode and attached to the discharge vessel by heat convection. Thus, in the present invention, the point after the lamp is manufactured The lamp action, such as the film-like protection process, is performed on the inner surface of the discharge vessel as the lighting action elapses. - The metal that becomes the electrode material such as tungsten or tantalum is melted and evaporated once the electrode is heated. In the inside of the container, the blackening of the inner surface of the discharge vessel is caused. Especially in the case of a short arc type discharge lamp, the cathode and the anode end portion become 2. In the vicinity of the high temperature, the metal electrode is easily evaporated. However, in the present invention, when the lamp is turned on after the lamp is manufactured, the blackening inhibitor previously attached to the surface of the anode evaporates and adheres to the discharge vessel, and adheres to the inner surface of the discharge vessel. The blackening inhibitor does not react with the discharge vessel, and the light transmittance does not decrease, so that the discharge vessel does not become black. On the other hand, the right blackening inhibitor adheres to the inner surface of the discharge vessel and evaporates from the electrode such as tungsten. The metal of the electrode material, or mercury, is enclosed in the discharge tube for light emission. #Metal$ will react with the glass. That is, the metal that causes blackening is prevented from adhering to the discharge vessel. As a result, even if the lamp is blackened for a long time. The lamp does not progress. The lamp continues to be lit with a stable illuminance. From the step of manufacturing the lamp to the start of lighting, it is preferable to apply a surface treatment as a method of reliably fixing the blackening inhibitor to the surface of the anode without peeling off the blackening inhibitor. Since the surface of the anode is roughened by surface treatment, the blackening inhibitor strongly adheres to the surface of the anode, and is subjected to steps of manufacturing a lamp such as electrode heat treatment. Process, not blackening suppression body peeled off from the anode surface, after the production until the initial lighting point, blackening suppression body is firmly fixed to the surface of the anode. 6 201222621 In particular, in order to confirm the 黑IV崦Μ + ΚW blackening inhibitor by a simple method, the blackening inhibitor can be applied to the surface of the anode. # ώ 钿 ...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The surface of the anode is such that the surface of the anode sinks and the surface impact is fixed to the surface of the anode. Since it is a squirt, the blackening inhibitor is attached to the surface of the anode in a dispersed state. Further, by attaching the blackening suppressing body to the concave portion of the fine groove, the blackening inhibitor is protruded from the surface of the anode, and even under the vacuum exhausting treatment of the step of making the lamp (10) Even if a gas flow is generated in the arc tube, the blackening inhibitor does not peel off. Once the electrode metal such as tungsten evaporates, the evaporated metal will float in the discharge vessel. In order to start from the start of lighting, try to make the blackening inhibitor early-point: it is attached to the surface of the discharge vessel, preferably using ratio The blackening inhibitor of the metal of the electrode material of the anode is also evaporated first. In addition, when mercury is enclosed in a discharge vessel, a discharge vessel such as quartz reacts with mercury or oxidized mercury. If mercury enters the composition of the discharge vessel, the amount of mercury that contributes to the luminescence will decrease, and the illuminance will be low. In order to prevent the above, it is preferable that the blackening inhibitor does not chemically react with the metal or the metal compound as compared with the constituent material of the discharge vessel (quartz rocker, etc.). As the blackening inhibitor, a metal blackening inhibitor or a metal compound blackening inhibitor such as a metal oxide can be used. For example, it is preferred to use alumina which does not react with stellite glass. Alumina is a polycrystalline body that is physically and chemically stabilized. For example, transparent alumina can be used. The purpose of melting and evaporating the blackening inhibitor as soon as possible after the lamp is started is directed to the region where the surface area of the anode of the blackening inhibitor is most efficiently melted and evaporated. The blackening inhibitor can be determined. On the other hand, in the case where the anode is placed above the electrode and the electrode is placed in the vertical direction, and the discharge lamp is placed on the anode, the temperature distribution on the anode surface becomes a characteristic. That is, since the electrons from the cathode are released, the anode tip end portion is in a state of a very high temperature, and the temperature of the anode end face on the side of the electrode holder is lower than that of the electrode tip end portion close to the cathode side. In addition, convection is generated along the outer peripheral surface (side) of the anode in the discharge officer. - Therefore, by adhering the blackening suppressing body along the outer peripheral surface (side surface) of the anode, the blackening suppressing body can be melted faster and adhered to the inner surface of the discharge tube. It may be locally adhered in the peripheral direction, or the blackening inhibitor may be attached to the front surface of the entire peripheral direction. For example, the tapered tip end portion and the columnar lying portion may constitute an anode (four) condition, and the blackening inhibitor may be attached to the outer peripheral surface of the trunk portion. In particular, it is possible to determine the region where the blackening inhibitor in the direction of the electrode axis is most likely to evaporate based on the analysis of the anode temperature distribution during the lighting process, and the blackening suppressing body can be concentratedly attached to the region which is most easily evaporated. In order to surely adhere the alumina to the surface of the anode, it is preferable to form fine grooves (e.g., micro-scale grooves) into which the blackening inhibitor is embedded (e.g., in the circumferential direction of #). By embedding such a fine groove in the blackening inhibitor, it is easy to adhere to the surface of the anode. Further, if the blackening inhibitor evaporates, the fine groove 2 functions as a heat dissipation structure. For example, a fine groove may be formed in the most suitable region depending on the temperature distribution of the anode. In order to increase the adhesion amount of the blackening inhibitor on the surface of the 2012 201221, it is preferable to form a cross-sectional corrugated (wrinkled) groove around the outer circumference t dimension t of the anode. The groove is larger than the above-mentioned fine groove-like, 豊; I* r彳s丨L groove (for example, in the millimeter scale), and an inclined surface is formed on the surface of the % pole. Recuperry, ..., 呆 藉 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 表 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The fine unevenness on the surface of the anode is likely to cause peeling of the convex portion in the step of manufacturing the lamp, and the foreign matter of the dust 4 is likely to adhere to the surface of the anode. In order to prevent such flaws, ^ _ slip can be dangerous The pole is provided with a reduced diameter portion having an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the anode, and the above-mentioned Ρ #心... is attached to the surface of the reduced diameter portion. On the surface of the anode, a fine groove is formed on the surface of the anode Μ 4 + μ m The case of the cross-sectional wavy groove is also effective. In addition, in order to make the evaporation blackening inhibitor rapidly adhere to the area where the access band & ^ + is easily blackened on the inner surface of the discharge main body with the convection in the discharge tube, A concave portion may be formed on the back surface of the electrode support rod of the anode. The airflow descending from the upper side to the lower side (the cathode side) along the electrode support rod of the front side (the cathode side) may impinge upon The recess becomes the updraft VL荽/port The ascending airflow of the outer peripheral surface (side surface) of the % pole can focus on the servant, the fourth suppressor, and the region where the blackening phenomenon is easily transmitted to the inner surface of the discharge tube. p M , the domain can therefore suppress the cause Blackened
電容器的應變。例如，〉VI·基田闽^ L /σ者周圍方向形成相對較大的溝槽。 本發明的放電燈的制袢t、土 ^ .. ^ π表化方法，其特徵在於：藉由喷擊 處理將黑化抑制體投射在陽搞矣； 町仕陽極表面，而使上述黑化抑制體 散佈、附著於上述陽極矣品.、丨 4陽極表面，以及在上述黑化抑制體的熔 點以下的溫度，對陽極進行用 仃用以移除不純物的加熱處理。 201222621 【發明功效】 °以不伴隨繁雜的#業步驟而防止 根據本發 ^ 1 _r•示叉哪昍丨万止瓜电 谷器的黑化。另外，可以如生丨丨如m 起因於黑化的放電容器的熱 應變的累積’而可以防止放電容器的破損。 【實施方式】 【用以實施發明的最佳形態】 以下，參照圖式而針對本發明的资说^ & T个赞明的實施形態作說明。 第1圖是第—實施形態的短弧型放電燈的概略性的剖 面圖。 短弧型放電燈县呈古j n ”有透月的石奂玻璃製的發光管 12’在發光管12内，陰極20、嗒is Qn 桠ZU陽極30以既定間隔對向配 置。在發光管12的兩側石英製的封裝管13a i3b則與發 光管12相連設置而-體性地形成。在發光管12内的放電 空間S中，封入有水銀以及氬氣等的稀有氣體。 在封裝管13A、13B的内部，配置有支持陰極2〇、陽 極30的導電性的電極支持棒17A、17卜電極支持棒ΠΑ、 17B是分別經由金屬猪16A、16B，而與導電性的導引棒 15A、15B連接。封裝管13A、13B的兩端是被金屬蓋19八、 19B塞住的同時，與設於内部的氣體管21、氣體棒（未圖示） 熔接’藉此而封裝發光管12。 導引棒15A、15B是連接於外部的電源部（未圖示），經 由導引棒15A、15B將電力供應至陰極20、陽極3〇。—曰 在陰極20、陽極30之間施加電壓，在陰極2〇、陽極3〇的 10 201222621 ，：：發生電弧放電，而朝向發光管i2的外部放射光線。 ^處，是將放電燈!。配置為使陽極2。、3 向並排。 第2圖是從陽極的側面那-側看過來的放大平面圖。 陽極30是在鎢電極含有〇〇〇2%的鉀的電極而由* =支持棒ΠΒ連結的圓柱狀軀幹部规、以及從躺幹部 〇B朝向陰極2〇形成錐狀的前端部_所構成。在點燈過 知中，從陰極前端部釋放電子，而在陰極2〇、陽極3。之 間發生電弧放電。 在外徑為固定的軀幹部3GB的外周面（側面）3〇c中， ^明多晶體之氧化！呂26(祕）是散佈、附著於附著區域r 。附者區域R是沿著電極軸χ方向具有既定的寬度，而 =決定為橫跨全體周圍方向的區域。另外，附著區域κ的 =度是可以考慮點燈過程中的沿著電極^之陽極表面溫 ^佈而決定，但亦可決定為至少含有成為高溫的前端部 那一側的陽極表面。 氧化鋁26是物理性、化學性安定的結晶體不會盥石 的發光Μ反應。氧化'26是藉由對陽極的 地理而附著於陽極30。在本實施形態中，是進 處理作為表面虚理.且、 i面處理’具體而§，是進行以高壓將氧化鋁喷 射於％極3。的珠粒喷擊(sh〇tblast)e作珠粒嘴擊時，將 既定範圍的粒徑。。5…25“)的氧化紹粉末，朝向外周 面30C的附著區域3〇R以高壓喷射。 陽極3G的外周面3GC的附著區域R，以氧化銘打擊的 11 201222621 結果，形成為如梨子一般粒肤 θ 祖狀粗糙表面狀、凹凸狀，也就 疋成為具有微小的凹凸的.妙矣二 j祖^表面。另外，撞擊於外周面 3 0 C的氧化|呂的一部份，丨一 貝J H几陷於外周面30C的狀態扎 入（陷入），藉由自身的撞擊使外用& 军使外周面30C凹陷，並撞擊固 定於外周面30C。 另外，珠粒喷擊之時，朝向外周面獄均一地嗔射氧 化紹粉末。…附著的氧化紹會分散、疏離地散佈在全 體外周面30C。在進仃表面處理的噴射裝置(未圖示)中， 將喷射壓力設定為使氧化銘撞擊在外周面就後直接附 著0 進行喷塗處理後’在真空氣氛下加熱陽極2()。加敎處 理是在低於氧化紹的炫點的溫度下進行，冑免氧化紹的蒸 發^列如在16G(TC加熱陽極數分鐘至數十分鐘。藉此，在 附著於陽極30的氧化銘密切地固定於外周面抓的同時， 除去在電極組裝時的步驟包含於電極的不純物。 一旦在製造燈後點燈起動燈，陽極3〇的溫度會到達氣 化鋁的熔點附近（約2000。〇其結果，氧化鋁26會熔融、 蒸發。隨著點燈時間的流逝，氧化紹26依次蒸發，最後幾 乎所有附著於陽極30的氧化鋁會離開陽極3〇。蒸發的氣 化鋁會藉由發光管丨2内的熱對流而附著於發光管12的 表面的既定區域中。此區域是藉由熱對流金屬相對 : 著的區域。 附 橫跨發光管12的全體内表面而附著的氧化鋁，是發揮 與塗覆臈相同的功能。也就是在發光管12内蒸發、浮游的 12 201222621 鹤、趾、或是因放電發光而產生的氧化汞、其他的不純物 等’不會附著於發光管12的内表面之氧化紹已附著的區 域，而是附著於未附著氧化鋁的區域，或是繼續浮游。 如此一來，根據本實施形態，藉由珠粒噴擊將氧化鋁 噴射於陽極30的外周面30C，而將氧化鋁26以散佈的狀 態附著於側面30C。然後，在氧化鋁26的熔點以下對陽極 3〇作真空加熱處理，移除不純物氣體。一旦將燈點燈起動， 隨著陽極30的溫度上升，氧化鋁26則熔融、蒸發。然後， 蒸發的氧化銘則附著於發光管12的内表面。 鎢的熔點非常高，但是若陰極前端面、陽極前端面受 到相當程度的加熱，鎢會蒸發。另外，封入於發光管内的 水銀會與氧反應而生成氧化汞，氧化汞會附著於發光管的 内表面。這樣的氧化汞、鎢的附著會使發光管的黑化惡化。 另一方面，氧化鋁為透明的多晶體，與發光管12的材 料之石奂玻璃相比，不會與鎢、水銀、或放電發光過程中 產生的不純氣體、帶電粒子f反應，是穩定的物質。 在本實施形態中，在製造燈後點燈起動短時間後，氧 化紹就蒸發而附著於發光管12内表面。此氧化㈣附著在 時間上早於鎢的蒸發，另外與從陰極前端部的钍的蒸發為 同時期。其結果，附著於陽極側面030C的氧化鋁 26為了防止黑化’而先行移動至發光管12的内表面上。 —因此即使鎢、氧化汞在發光管12内浮游，仍不會附 著於：光管i 2 ’而可以全面性地防止鎢、氧化汞等附著於 發光管内表面而使發光管黑& (透光率低落）。$外，由於 13 201222621 光s 1 2 e產生熱對流，蒸發的氧化紹會重點式地附著 於發光s 12的内表面之容易發生黑化現象的區域，防止發 光管12發生黑化。 由於在燈之製造步驟中未實施塗覆作業而實現這樣的 塗覆帶來的保護功能，就無必要在燈之製造步驟中特別設 置繁雜的作業。還有，進行珠粒喷擊作為電極表面的最後 潤飾’可與其結合而使氧化紹附著，而無必要特別設置用 來附著氧化鋁的步驟。 由於在陽極表面粗化並設置凹凸的狀態下，以扎入、 陷入、或沉陷於表面的狀態使氧化鋁附著於表面，氧化鋁 26確實地附著於陽極表面。因此，防止在燈點燈起動前的 製造步驟中途的剝離。還有，氧化鋁是在陽極一體成形後， 附著固定於陽極表面。也就是與混入陽極内部的情況比 較’氧化鋁並未與陽極表面形成堅固的結合體，因此一旦 電極溫度上升至氧化鋁熔點附近，氧化鋁容易自陽極表面 蒸發。 在放電燈點燈過程中’陽極是配置在陰極上方，藉由 放電空間内的熱對流，產生沿著陽極側面的上升流。在本 實施形態中’由於氧化鋁附著於陽極側面，氧化鋁會早期 蒸發’且错由向電極轴上方的對流而迅速地在放電空間内 移動’附著於發光管内。還有’由於氧化鋁的附著區域R 是根據點燈過程中的陽極溫度分佈所決定，可確實地使氧 化銘蒸發。 在本實施形態中’使氧化4呂附著於在放電空間内容易 14 201222621 ㈣對流移動的陽極側面，❻亦可使氧㈣附著於上述以 ㈣極表面部分。另夕卜’亦可對陽極噴射氧化銘以外的 叙末畚體。作為喷射粒者’是不會使發光管的透光率下 :的::透明性的結晶體’只要是不會與石英玻璃等的發光 官材料、或是鶴、水銀、放電氣體等在發光管内部對流的 物質、化合物起化學反應之物理性、化學性安定的粒體(金 屬粒、金屬氧化物等）皆可。 、作為噴擊處理者，可進行喷砂法、濕式喷擊（液體搪 光）'珠粒噴擊的任意方法。另外，亦可藉由喷擊以外的方 法對陽極作表面加工處理。還有，亦可藉由表面加工處理 以外的方法（例如將粒體強力加壓附著而從陽極表面進入 内部等）而使粒體散佈、附著於陽極表面。 接下來，以第3圖針對第二實施形態的放電燈作說 明。在第二實施形態中，是沿著陽極表面的周圍方向形成 微細的溝槽。關於此外的構成，實質上是與第—實施形熊 相同。 第3圖是第二實施形態中的陽極表面的放大剖面圖。 在陽極130的表面130C中，藉由雷射加工、切削加工、 放電加工等，沿著周圍方向形成微小間距（pitch)的溝槽 130N(在此處稱為微細溝槽），在軸向以既定寬度形成—連 串的溝槽。 微細溝槽130N的凹部130G是被形成為換形（銳角 狀），並以微米（A m)尺度的間距130 J形成溝槽，而在喷擊 處理時使氧化鋁嵌入凹部130G。形成微細溝槽13〇N的陽 15 201222621 極表面區域，疋第一實施形態中所示的附著區域r的一部 分或全體區域’特別是決定在點燈過程中氧化鋁容易蒸發 的區域。 為了防止與微細溝槽13〇n交互出現的表面凸部ΐ3〇τ 剝離（缺損）而嵌於自身的凹部13〇G，微細溝槽l3〇N的間 距1301是定得相對較大。也就是凸部130T的寬度相當程 度大於凹部130G的寬度。 藉由形成這樣的微細溝槽，藉由喷砂法處理會進一步 更確實地附著於表面’在製造燈時亦是密切附著。另外， 由於根據沿著電極軸方向的溫度分佈而在最有效地實現氧 化鋁蒸發的區域形成微細溝槽1 30，而使氧化鋁蒸發確實。 還有，氧化鋁蒸發後，微細溝槽丨3〇是發揮散熱鰭片的功 能，可以防止電極的過熱。 另外，亦可藉由喷擊以外的處理使氧化鋁附著於微細 溝槽。例如’亦可藉由將氧化鋁強力加壓附著於陽極表面 而使粒體其附著。另外，亦可使氧化鋁附著區域更為集中 在特定的區域。 接下來，以第4圖針對第三實施形態的放電燈作說 明。在第三實施形態中，是沿著陽極表面形成波浪狀（剖面 波狀）的溝槽。關於此外的構成，是與第一實施形態相同。 第4圖是第三實施形態中的陽極平面圖。 在陽極230的外周面230C中，波浪狀溝槽230W是形 成於氧化紹的附著區域R的一部分之區域^^波浪狀溝槽 230W是沿著電極軸向形成一連串的鋸狀剖面波形的溝槽， 16 201222621 而形成相當程度大於（可肉眼辨識）氧化鋁粒子的凹部。在 處藉由切削加工等，以毫米（mm)尺度沿著外周面230C 的周圍方向形成溝槽230W。 藉由沿著周圍方向形成波浪狀溝槽23〇w，而擴大陽極 表面的面冑。因此’在增加氧化鋁的附著量的同時，藉由 從斜向施作噴砂法，而使氧化㈣附著變得容易。 另外’與第二實施形態同樣，亦可藉由喷擊處理以外 的處理使氧化銘附著於微細溝槽。另夕卜亦可作為將第二 實施形態說明的微細溝槽進-步地形成至波浪狀溝槽之上 明 部 中 接下來，以第5圖針對第四實施形態的放電燈作說 在第四實施形態中，是在陽極表面形成外徑小的細徑 關於此外的構成，是與第三實施形態相同。 Ϊ跨5寬圖Λ第四實施形態中的陽極平面圖。在陽極330 &跨寬度Ζ而形成外徑相對小於電極支持棒附近的端 部330Α所在的外徑之細徑部 的-部分區域只中，藉由喷‘以、後在％極表面_ 波浪狀溝槽是橫収：w :理而附著氧化紹。還有， 疋知跨Q域W而形成於周圍方向。 藉由在％極形成這樣的細徑部，可以防 銘在製造燈時剝離，還防止氧化_微小的塵埃等異： ，附者於％極表面H防止藉由噴砂 表面的微細的凸部、或是微細溝槽的凸部的剝離於 止異物一起附著。 ；W離或是防 另外’亦可藉由嘴 相表面處理以外的方法來附 17 201222621 著氧化銘。另夕卜’亦可不形成波浪狀溝槽、亦可不形成微 細溝槽。 下-來以第6圖針對第五實施形態的放電燈作說 明。在第五實施形態中，是在電極背面側形成凹部。關於 此外的構成，是與第三實施形態實質上相同。 第6圖疋第五實施形態中的陽極剖面圖。在陽極43〇 的電極支持棒那一側的端面，以沿著周圍方向畫圓的方式 形成溝槽43GM。氧化|呂是橫跨區域附著，並橫跨區域 W而在周圍方向形成波浪狀溝槽430w。 藉由將這樣成為低處的凹部設在陽極端面側，在點燈 過程中產生的下降氣流會與電極碰撞，而與上升氣流一起 向上方&去隨著此氣流的氧化铭會早一步移動至放電管 内之容易漂流到的部分，可以預先集中於氧化鋁附著區域 而提高塗覆效果。 以下’針對放電燈的實施例作說明。 【實施例1】 本實施例的放電燈，是相當於在第一實施形態說明的 放電燈。 第7圖是喷擊處理前與喷擊處理後的陽極侧面的電子 顯微鏡放大照片。如第7(A)圖所示，在喷擊處理前，陽極 側面幾乎是平滑的。另一方面，喷擊處理後的陽極側面， 是無光澤的粗糙狀態（如梨子一般粒狀粗糙表面狀態），成 為微細的凹凸形狀。在第7(B)圖的放大照片中，顯示氧化 紹的瑞粒狀地扎入部分、電極破片附著的部分，連帶還有 18 201222621 氧化紹撞擊陽極側面而以陷入的狀態固定的部分。 【實施例2】 本實施例是相當於第二實施例中的放電燈。 第8圖是從上方注視本實施例的放電燈的陽極表面之 電子顯微鏡放大照片。第9圖是從斜向注視陽極表面的電 子顯微鏡放大照片。 從第8、9圖明確得知，在陽極表面沿著周圍方向形成 有溝槽間距大於溝槽寬度的微細溝槽。而大量的氧化鋁確 實地嵌於、附著於微細溝槽的部分。 【實施例3】 本實施例的放電燈，是相當於在第五實施形態說明的 放電燈。 進行使氧化鋁附著於陽極表面時的抑制發光管的黑化 的效果的確認實驗。實施例的短弧型放電燈是外徑121 、 谷積885cc，具有石英玻璃構成的發光管。在發光管内， 封入約3Gmg/CC的水銀。另外，封人氬氣，而使其在常溫 時成為約190kPa。 陽極疋3重量比約〇 〇〇2%的鉀的鎢電極。陰極是已摻 雜重里比約2%的氧化钍（Th〇2)的鎢電極，電極間距離設定 為約12麗。陽極、陰極形狀是與上述實施形態所示形狀大 致相同。在陰極形成有錐狀的前端部。 對於陽極之已形成波浪狀溝槽的側面，進行噴射氧化 紹_的噴擊處理，對陽極側面作表面加工。使用粒徑 勺115 // m的氧化紹粉末，藉由加壓氣體的喷射壓力，使氧 19 201222621 化銘粉末撞擊陽極側面的既定區域，在作表面最後潤飾的 同時，使氧化紹附著。 另一方面’準備一個除了氧化鋁的附著其他與本實施 例為相同構成的短弧型放電燈，作為比較例。 然後’進行氧化鋁蒸發的確認實驗。在此處，是在真 空環境進行陽極的加熱處理，而實際製造出與點燈時的電 極溫度同樣的環境（150(rc以上），分別在低於氧化鋁熔點 的電極溫度及高於氧化鋁熔點的電極溫度下，求得氧化鋁 的殘流量。 將電極加熱至l50(rc時，還殘留著氧化鋁，但加熱至 2 2 0 0 C後’則無氧化鋁殘留。 接下來，在氧化铭附者於陽極表面之下，進行防止黑 化的確認實驗。在此處，對上述實施例的短弧型放電燈， 以12kW的電力點燈，檢查1 〇〇〇小時的點燈後的發光管内 表面的黑化狀態。 照度維持率是藉由在350nm附近具有感度的照度計來 測定。相對於未形成波浪狀溝槽、無藉由喷砂法處理的氧 化鋁附著之習知燈的照度維持率為67%’實施例之本燈的 照度維持率是7 5 %，而確認了抑制發光管的黑化。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是第一實施形態的短弧型放電燈的概略性的剖 面圖。 第2圓是從陽極的側面那—側看過來的放大平面圖。 20 201222621 第3圖是第二實施形態中的陽極表面的放大剖面圖。 第4圖是第三實施形態中的陽極平面圖。 第5圖是第四實施形態中的陽極平面圖。 第6圖是第五實施形態中的陽極剖面圖。 第7(A) (B)圖是喷擊處理前與噴擊處理後的陽極侧面 的電子顯微鏡放大照片。 第8圖是從上方注視本實施例的放電燈的陽極表面之 電子顯微鏡放大照片。 第9圖是從斜向注視陽極表面的電子顯微鏡放大照 12〜發光管； 13B〜封裝管； 15B〜導引棒； 16 B〜金屬箔； 17B〜電極支持棒； 19 B〜金屬蓋； 21~氣體管； 3 0〜陽極； 3 0 B〜軀幹部； 130~陽極； 13 0 G〜凹部； 130卜槪Hu 微細溝槽； 【主要元件符號說明】 10~短弧型放電燈 13A-封裝管； 15A〜導引棒； 1 6 A ~金屬箔； 17A〜電極支持棒； 19A〜金屬蓋； 20~陰極； 26〜氧化鋁； 30A〜前端部； 300外周面； 130C〜表面； 13 0 J〜間距； 21 201222621 130Τ~凸部； 230~陽極； 2300外周面； 230W〜波浪狀溝槽 330-陽極； 330Β〜細徑部； 3300陽極表面； 330W〜波浪狀溝槽 430〜陽極； 430Μ~溝槽； 430W〜波浪狀溝槽； R〜附著區域； S〜放電空間； W〜區域。 22The strain of the capacitor. For example, >VI·基田闽^ L /σ forms a relatively large groove around the direction. In the discharge lamp of the present invention, the 袢t, the soil ^.. ^ π characterization method is characterized in that the blackening inhibitor is projected by the blasting treatment on the surface of the anode, and the blackening is performed on the anode surface. The suppressing body is dispersed, adhered to the anode electrode, the surface of the anode 4, and the temperature below the melting point of the blackening inhibitor, and the anode is subjected to heat treatment for removing impurities. 201222621 [Effects of the invention] ° Preventing the blackening of the barometer according to the present invention. Further, it is possible to prevent breakage of the discharge vessel by causing the accumulation of thermal strain due to the blackening of the discharge vessel. [Embodiment] [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a short arc type discharge lamp of a first embodiment. In the short arc type discharge lamp county, the light-emitting tube 12' of the sarcophagus glass having the moon-transition is in the arc tube 12, and the cathode 20 and the 嗒is Qn 桠ZU anode 30 are arranged at a predetermined interval. A sealed tube 13a i3b made of quartz on both sides is formed integrally with the arc tube 12. The discharge space S in the arc tube 12 is sealed with a rare gas such as mercury or argon. Inside the 13B, the electrode support rods 17A and 17 that support the conductivity of the cathode 2 and the anode 30 are disposed, and the electrode support rods 17 and 17B are respectively connected to the conductive guide rods 15A via the metal pigs 16A and 16B. The two ends of the package tubes 13A and 13B are plugged by the metal covers 19 and 19B, and are welded to the gas tube 21 and the gas rod (not shown) provided inside, thereby enclosing the arc tube 12. The guide bars 15A and 15B are power supply units (not shown) connected to the outside, and supply electric power to the cathode 20 and the anode 3 via the guide bars 15A and 15B. The voltage is applied between the cathode 20 and the anode 30. At the cathode 2〇, the anode 3〇10 201222621, ::: an arc discharge occurs, The light is radiated toward the outside of the light-emitting tube i2. Wherein, the discharge lamp is arranged such that the anodes 2, 3 are arranged side by side. Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view seen from the side of the side of the anode. The tungsten electrode includes an electrode of 〇〇〇2% potassium, and a cylindrical trunk portion that is connected by a *=support rod 、 and a tapered front end portion _ from the lie portion 〇B toward the cathode 2〇. In the conventional knowledge, electrons are released from the front end portion of the cathode, and arc discharge occurs between the cathode 2 and the anode 3. In the outer peripheral surface (side surface) 3〇c of the trunk portion having a fixed outer diameter of 3 GB, Oxidation! Lu 26 (secret) is spread and adhered to the attachment region r. The attachment region R has a predetermined width along the axis direction of the electrode, and = is determined as a region spanning the entire circumference direction. The degree can be determined by the temperature of the anode surface along the electrode during the lighting process, but it can also be determined as the anode surface containing at least the side of the front end which is a high temperature. Alumina 26 is physical and chemical. Sexually stable crystals do not emit vermiculite ΜReaction. Oxidation '26 is attached to the anode 30 by the geography of the anode. In the present embodiment, it is treated as surface imaginary. And, i-side treatment 'specifically §, is to carry out alumina at high pressure When the bead blasting e is sprayed on the % pole 3, the bead blast is a predetermined range of particle size. 5...25") of the oxidized powder, the adhesion area toward the outer peripheral surface 30C 〇R is sprayed at a high pressure. The adhesion region R of the outer peripheral surface 3GC of the anode 3G is formed by the oxidized cracking of 11 201222621, and is formed into a rough surface shape and a concave-convex shape of a granule of a pear, such as a pear, which has a slight unevenness. j 祖 ^ surface. In addition, a part of the oxidation|L of the outer peripheral surface 3 0 C is stuck in the state of the outer peripheral surface 30C, and the outer surface 30C is sunken by the external & And the impact is fixed to the outer peripheral surface 30C. In addition, when the beads are sprayed, the powder is uniformly oxidized toward the outer peripheral surface. The attached oxide is dispersed and scattered in the outer peripheral surface 30C. In the injection device (not shown) which is subjected to the surface treatment, the injection pressure is set such that the oxidation is caused to impinge on the outer peripheral surface and then directly attached to 0 to perform the spray treatment, and then the anode 2 is heated in a vacuum atmosphere. The twisting treatment is carried out at a temperature lower than the smouldering point of the oxidation, and the evaporation of the oxime is performed at 16 G (TC heating the anode for several minutes to several tens of minutes. Thereby, the oxidation in the anode 30 is attached While being closely fixed to the outer peripheral surface, the steps of assembling the electrode are included in the impurity of the electrode. Once the lamp is turned on after the lamp is manufactured, the temperature of the anode 3 到达 reaches the melting point of the vaporized aluminum (about 2000). As a result, the alumina 26 will melt and evaporate. As the lighting time elapses, the oxides 26 are sequentially evaporated, and finally almost all of the alumina attached to the anode 30 will leave the anode 3. The vaporized aluminum vapor will be used by evaporation. The heat convection in the arc tube 2 is adhered to a predetermined region of the surface of the arc tube 12. This region is a region opposed by the heat convection metal. The alumina attached to the entire inner surface of the arc tube 12 is attached. It is the same function as coating 臈. That is, 12 201222621 cranes, toes, or oxidized mercury generated by discharge luminescence, other impurities, etc. in the arc tube 12 will not adhere to The inner surface of the light pipe 12 is oxidized to the adhered region, but adhered to the region where the alumina is not adhered, or continues to float. Thus, according to the embodiment, the alumina is sprayed by the bead blasting. The outer peripheral surface 30C of the anode 30 is attached to the side surface 30C in a dispersed state. Then, the anode 3 is vacuum-heated below the melting point of the alumina 26 to remove the impurity gas. Once the lamp is turned on, the lamp is turned on. As the temperature of the anode 30 rises, the alumina 26 melts and evaporates. Then, the vaporized oxide is attached to the inner surface of the arc tube 12. The melting point of tungsten is very high, but if the front end surface of the cathode and the front end surface of the anode are subjected to considerable The degree of heating, tungsten will evaporate. In addition, the mercury enclosed in the arc tube will react with oxygen to form mercury oxide, which will adhere to the inner surface of the arc tube. Such adhesion of mercury oxide and tungsten will make the tube black. On the other hand, alumina is a transparent polycrystal, which is not produced by tungsten, mercury, or discharge luminescence compared with the enamel glass of the material of the arc tube 12. In the present embodiment, after the lamp is turned on for a short time after the lamp is manufactured, the oxide is evaporated and adheres to the inner surface of the arc tube 12. This oxidation (4) is attached to the time. The evaporation of tungsten is earlier than the evaporation of the ruthenium from the front end portion of the cathode. As a result, the alumina 26 adhering to the anode side surface 030C is moved to the inner surface of the arc tube 12 in advance to prevent blackening. Therefore, even if tungsten or oxidized mercury floats in the arc tube 12, it does not adhere to the light pipe i 2 ', and it is possible to comprehensively prevent tungsten, oxidized mercury, etc. from adhering to the inner surface of the light-emitting tube to make the light-emitting tube black & The rate is low.) In addition, since 13 201222621 light s 1 2 e generates heat convection, the evaporation of the oxidation will be focused on the inner surface of the light-emitting s 12 which is prone to blackening, preventing the black tube 12 from blackening. Chemical. Since the protective function by such coating is realized without performing a coating operation in the manufacturing step of the lamp, it is not necessary to particularly provide complicated work in the manufacturing steps of the lamp. Further, the bead blasting as the final retouching of the electrode surface can be combined with it to adhere the oxide, and it is not necessary to specifically provide a step for adhering the alumina. The alumina 26 adheres to the surface of the anode in a state where the surface of the anode is roughened and unevenness is provided, and alumina is adhered to the surface in a state of being stuck, trapped, or sunk on the surface. Therefore, peeling in the middle of the manufacturing step before the lamp lighting is started is prevented. Further, the alumina is adhered and fixed to the surface of the anode after the anode is integrally formed. That is, compared with the case where it is mixed into the inside of the anode, the alumina does not form a strong bond with the surface of the anode, so that once the temperature of the electrode rises to near the melting point of the alumina, the alumina easily evaporates from the surface of the anode. During the discharge of the discharge lamp, the anode is disposed above the cathode, and by the convection of heat in the discharge space, an upward flow along the side of the anode is generated. In the present embodiment, "the alumina adheres to the side surface of the anode, and the alumina evaporates early" and is displaced by the convection above the electrode axis and rapidly moves in the discharge space to adhere to the inside of the arc tube. Also, since the adhesion region R of the alumina is determined according to the anode temperature distribution during the lighting process, the oxidation can be surely evaporated. In the present embodiment, it is easy to adhere the oxidized 4 Lu to the surface of the anode which is convectively moved in the discharge space. The enthalpy may also cause oxygen (4) to adhere to the surface portion of the (four) electrode. In addition, it is also possible to spray the anodes other than the anodes. The granules of the granules are not such that the light transmittance of the illuminating tube is:: the crystallized body of transparency is not a luminescent material such as quartz glass, or a crane, mercury, or a discharge gas. The internal convective substances and compounds are chemically and chemically stable granules (metal particles, metal oxides, etc.). As a smear handler, any method of blasting or wet blasting (liquid immersion) bead blasting can be performed. Alternatively, the anode may be surface-treated by a method other than spraying. Further, the granules may be scattered and adhered to the surface of the anode by a method other than the surface treatment (for example, the granules are strongly pressed and adhered to the inside from the surface of the anode). Next, a discharge lamp of a second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. In the second embodiment, fine grooves are formed along the circumferential direction of the anode surface. The other configuration is substantially the same as the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the surface of the anode in the second embodiment. In the surface 130C of the anode 130, a fine pitch groove 130N (referred to herein as a fine groove) is formed along the peripheral direction by laser processing, cutting processing, electric discharge machining, or the like, and is axially The established width forms a series of grooves. The concave portion 130G of the fine groove 130N is formed into a shape change (an acute angle), and a groove is formed at a pitch 130 J of a micrometer (A m) scale, and alumina is fitted into the concave portion 130G at the time of the blast treatment. The apex 15 201222621 which forms the fine groove 13 〇 N is a portion of the surface region of the adhesion region r shown in the first embodiment, and particularly determines a region where alumina easily evaporates during lighting. In order to prevent the surface convex portion ΐ3〇τ which is caused to interact with the fine groove 13〇n from being peeled off (defectively) and embedded in the concave portion 13〇G of itself, the pitch 1301 of the fine groove l3〇N is set relatively large. That is, the width of the convex portion 130T is considerably greater than the width of the concave portion 130G. By forming such a fine groove, the sandblasting treatment further adheres to the surface more surely, and is also closely attached when the lamp is manufactured. Further, since the fine grooves 130 are formed in the region where the aluminum oxide is most efficiently evaporated in accordance with the temperature distribution in the direction of the electrode axis, the alumina is evaporated to be sure. Also, after the alumina is evaporated, the fine trench 丨3〇 functions as a heat sink fin to prevent overheating of the electrode. Further, alumina may be attached to the fine grooves by a treatment other than spraying. For example, the granules may be attached by strongly adhering the alumina to the surface of the anode. In addition, the alumina adhesion region can be more concentrated in a specific region. Next, a discharge lamp of a third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 4. In the third embodiment, a groove having a wave shape (cross-sectional shape) is formed along the surface of the anode. The other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the anode in the third embodiment. In the outer peripheral surface 230C of the anode 230, the wavy groove 230W is a region formed in a part of the oxide-attached adhesion region R. The wavy groove 230W is a groove in which a series of saw-like cross-sectional waveforms are formed along the axial direction of the electrode. , 16 201222621, forming a recess that is considerably larger than (visible to the naked eye) alumina particles. The groove 230W is formed along the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface 230C by a cutting process or the like at a millimeter (mm) scale. The facet of the anode surface is enlarged by forming the wavy groove 23〇w in the surrounding direction. Therefore, it is easy to adhere the oxidized (tetra) by increasing the amount of adhesion of alumina while applying sandblasting from an oblique direction. Further, similarly to the second embodiment, it is also possible to adhere the oxide to the fine groove by a treatment other than the blasting treatment. Alternatively, the fine groove described in the second embodiment may be formed stepwise in the upper portion of the wavy groove, and the discharge lamp of the fourth embodiment will be described in the fifth embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, the thin diameter having a small outer diameter formed on the surface of the anode is the same as that of the third embodiment. The cross-sectional view of the anode in the fourth embodiment. In the -part region of the small diameter portion where the outer diameter of the anode 330 & span is smaller than the outer diameter of the end portion 330 附近 near the electrode support rod, only by spraying, and then at the surface of the % pole _ wave The groove is horizontally received: w: rationally attached to the oxide. Further, it is known that it is formed in the peripheral direction across the Q domain W. By forming such a small-diameter portion at the % pole, it is possible to prevent the peeling of the lamp during the manufacture of the lamp, and to prevent the oxidation_small dust from being different: the surface of the % pole is prevented from being finely convex by the sandblasted surface, Or the peeling of the convex portion of the fine groove is attached to the foreign matter. ;W away or prevent the other 'can also be attached to the surface of the mouth surface treatment method. Alternatively, the undulating grooves may not be formed or the fine grooves may not be formed. Next, a discharge lamp according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 6. In the fifth embodiment, a concave portion is formed on the back side of the electrode. The other configuration is substantially the same as that of the third embodiment. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the anode in the fifth embodiment. A groove 43GM is formed on the end face of the anode support electrode on the side of the electrode support bar in such a manner as to draw a circle in the peripheral direction. Oxidation|Lu is attached across the area and spans the area W to form a wavy groove 430w in the peripheral direction. By providing such a depressed portion on the anode end face side, the descending airflow generated during the lighting process collides with the electrode, and moves upward together with the ascending airflow to move forward with the oxidation of the airflow. The portion which is easily drifted into the discharge tube can be concentrated in advance in the alumina adhesion region to improve the coating effect. The following description of the embodiment of the discharge lamp will be given. [Embodiment 1] A discharge lamp of this embodiment corresponds to a discharge lamp described in the first embodiment. Fig. 7 is an enlarged photograph of an electron microscope of the side of the anode before the spray treatment and after the spray treatment. As shown in Figure 7(A), the anode side is almost smooth before the spray treatment. On the other hand, the side surface of the anode after the blasting treatment is a matte rough state (e.g., a state in which the pear is generally in the form of a granular rough surface), and becomes a fine uneven shape. In the enlarged photograph of Fig. 7(B), the portion in which the granules are immersed in the oxidized portion and the portion where the electrode fragments are attached is shown, and the portion where the oxidized surface of the anode is pressed and fixed in a trapped state is also attached. [Embodiment 2] This embodiment is equivalent to the discharge lamp in the second embodiment. Fig. 8 is an enlarged photograph of an electron microscope of the anode surface of the discharge lamp of the present embodiment viewed from above. Figure 9 is an enlarged photo of an electron microscope from the obliquely gazing at the surface of the anode. As is clear from Figs. 8 and 9, a fine groove having a groove pitch larger than the groove width is formed along the peripheral direction on the surface of the anode. A large amount of alumina is actually embedded in and attached to the portion of the fine groove. [Embodiment 3] The discharge lamp of this embodiment corresponds to the discharge lamp described in the fifth embodiment. A confirmation experiment for suppressing the effect of blackening of the arc tube when alumina was attached to the surface of the anode was carried out. The short arc type discharge lamp of the embodiment is an arc tube having an outer diameter of 121 and a valley product of 885 cc and having quartz glass. In the arc tube, about 3 Gmg/CC of mercury was sealed. Further, argon gas was sealed to make it about 190 kPa at normal temperature. The anode 疋 3 weight ratio is about 〇 2% potassium of the tungsten electrode. The cathode was a tungsten electrode doped with about 2% yttrium oxide (Th〇2), and the distance between the electrodes was set to be about 12 Å. The shapes of the anode and the cathode are substantially the same as those described in the above embodiment. A tapered front end portion is formed at the cathode. For the side of the anode where the undulating groove has been formed, a spray treatment of the spray oxidation is performed to surface-process the side of the anode. Using a particle size spoon of 115 // m of oxidized powder, the injection pressure of the pressurized gas causes the oxygen powder to strike the predetermined area on the side of the anode, and the surface is finally finished while the oxide is adhered. On the other hand, a short arc type discharge lamp having the same configuration as that of the present embodiment except for the adhesion of alumina was prepared as a comparative example. Then, a confirmation experiment of alumina evaporation was carried out. Here, the anode is heated in a vacuum environment, and the same environment (150 (rc or more) as the electrode temperature at the time of lighting is actually produced, respectively, at an electrode temperature lower than the melting point of alumina and higher than alumina. At the electrode temperature of the melting point, the residual flow rate of alumina is obtained. When the electrode is heated to l50 (the rc remains after the rc, but after heating to 2 2 0 0 C, there is no residual alumina. Next, in the oxidation The following is performed on the surface of the anode to carry out a confirmation test for preventing blackening. Here, the short arc type discharge lamp of the above embodiment is lit with 12 kW of electric power, and after 1 hour of lighting is checked. The blackening state of the inner surface of the arc tube. The illuminance maintenance rate is measured by an illuminance meter having sensitivity near 350 nm, relative to a conventional lamp in which no wavy groove is formed and alumina is not adhered by sandblasting. The illuminance maintenance rate was 67%. The illuminance maintenance rate of the lamp of the example was 75%, and it was confirmed that the blackening of the arc tube was suppressed. [Simplified description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a short arc discharge of the first embodiment. a schematic sectional view of the lamp The second circle is an enlarged plan view seen from the side of the side of the anode. 20 201222621 Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the surface of the anode in the second embodiment. Fig. 4 is a plan view of the anode in the third embodiment. Fig. 5 is a plan view of an anode in a fourth embodiment. Fig. 6 is an axial sectional view of the fifth embodiment. Fig. 7(A)(B) is a view showing an anode side surface before and after the blast treatment. The electron microscope magnifies the photograph. Fig. 8 is an electron microscope magnified photograph of the anode surface of the discharge lamp of the present embodiment viewed from above. Fig. 9 is an electron microscope magnifying 12 to the light-emitting tube from the obliquely gazing anode surface; 13B~ package Tube; 15B~ guide rod; 16 B~ metal foil; 17B~electrode support rod; 19 B~metal cover; 21~ gas tube; 3 0~ anode; 3 0 B~ torso; 130~anode; ~ concave part; 130 divination Hu micro-groove; [main component symbol description] 10~ short arc discharge lamp 13A-package tube; 15A~ guide rod; 1 6 A ~ metal foil; 17A~ electrode support rod; 19A~ Metal cover; 20~ cathode; 26~ alumina; 30A Front end; 300 outer peripheral surface; 130C~surface; 13 0 J~ pitch; 21 201222621 130Τ~ convex part; 230~ anode; 2300 outer peripheral surface; 230W~ wavy groove 330-anode; 330Β~ small diameter part; 3300 anode Surface; 330W~ wavy groove 430~anode; 430Μ~trench; 430W~ wavy groove; R~attachment area; S~ discharge space; W~ area.