201117237 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種發熱元件，特別是一種可撓式正 溫度係數（Positive Temperature Coefficient，簡稱 PTC )發 熱元件。 【先前技術】 為了適應寒冷的氣候’人類發展出許多不同的技術與 • 設備來提供保暖的效果。在大型的空間中，當然可利用空 調設備來提供暖氣；但就個人使用者的角度而言可攜式的 保暖裝置或是其他與人體接觸較為密切的保暖用品，在使 用上較為實際。 舉例來說’市面上有許多利用鐵粉氧化生熱的原理所 製得的保暖用品（俗稱暖暖包）。但當使用者使用此類保暖 用品時’往往難以安全地控制其發熱溫度，因此經常發生 燙傷等事故。此外，這種產品多半是拋棄式的產品，使用 • 後會產生廢棄物。 為了應付極為嚴寒的氣候，也有人提出在衣物中埋入 官子’將經加熱的氣體輸送至管子中，以使得穿戴者感到 溫暖。使用者通常能夠控制此種裝置的氣體溫度，因此其 安全性比起上述的暖暖包來得好；但此種裝置的價格昂 貴’穿戴後又會限制使用者行動的自由性，因此其用途有 限’一般使用者在日常生活中通常不會使用此類裝置。 另一種可攜式的供暖設備是利用鎳鉻電熱絲來提供熱 此。錦路電熱絲的耐久性佳，且其形狀可自由地變換；但 201117237 是因為發熱部分是線狀’為了達到期待的溫度，不得不高 溫發熱，如果接觸到發熱元件的一部分，很可能會被局部 的尚溫烫傷。為了要防止這種事故發生同時兼顧理想的供 暖效果’通常會利用多個發熱部分與溫度感測器，以降低 每一個發熱部分產生的溫度。此一來，勢必會提高成本價 格。此外’鎳鉻電熱絲在發熱時放出的遠紅外線輻射範圍 較狹窄，也是此種產品的缺點。 正溫度係數（PTC )元件則是近來頗受矚目的發熱元 件。PTC元件又稱為熱敏電阻元件，其通電後產生的電阻 和溫度呈非線性關係，具體來說，在溫度到達轉變溫度 (transition temperature )之前，電阻隨溫度的升高而下降； 當溫度介於轉變溫度到熱失控（thermai runaway)溫度之201117237 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a heat generating component, and more particularly to a flexible positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heat generating component. [Prior Art] In order to adapt to the cold climate, humans have developed many different technologies and equipment to provide warmth. In large spaces, air conditioning equipment can of course be used to provide heating; however, in terms of individual users, portable warming devices or other warming products that are in close contact with the human body are more practical. For example, there are many warm-up products (commonly known as warm packs) made by the principle of oxidizing heat from iron powder. However, when the user uses such a warming article, it is often difficult to safely control the heating temperature, so accidents such as burns often occur. In addition, most of these products are disposable products that generate waste after use. In order to cope with the extremely cold climate, it has also been proposed to embed the official in the laundry to deliver the heated gas to the tube so that the wearer feels warm. The user is usually able to control the gas temperature of such a device, so the safety is better than the warm pack mentioned above; however, the cost of such a device is expensive, and the user's freedom of movement is limited after wearing, so its use is limited. 'General users do not usually use such devices in their daily lives. Another portable heating device uses nickel-chromium heating wires to provide heat. Jinlu electric heating wire has good durability and its shape can be freely changed. However, 201117237 is because the heat generating part is linear. In order to reach the expected temperature, it has to be heated at a high temperature. If it is in contact with a part of the heating element, it is likely to be Partial warmth burns. In order to prevent such an accident from occurring while taking into account the ideal heating effect, a plurality of heat generating portions and temperature sensors are usually used to reduce the temperature generated by each of the heat generating portions. This will inevitably increase the cost price. In addition, the far-infrared radiation emitted by the nickel-chromium heating wire when it is heated is narrow, which is also a disadvantage of such a product. The positive temperature coefficient (PTC) component is a recently attractive heating element. The PTC component, also known as the thermistor component, has a nonlinear relationship between the resistance and the temperature generated after energization. Specifically, the resistance decreases with increasing temperature before the temperature reaches the transition temperature. From the transition temperature to the thermo runaway temperature
間時，電阻隨溫度的升咼而顯著提升。因此可基於上述PTC 效應，藉由調整材料的溫度係數，而製造出適用於不同用 途的PTC元件。^於PTC元件本身就是-種溫度自控的發 熱體，因此將其用作為發熱元件時，可以不需要設計額外 的溫控線路。然而，既有的PTC發熱元件，在結構上較為 剛硬，因此不具可撓性。如此一來’在加工或使用中很可 能會使PTC材料發生剝離或龜裂等劣化現象，因而會影響 PTC元件的良率或使用壽命，同時也限制了 pTC的可應 領域。 ΜDuring the interval, the resistance increases significantly with the rise of temperature. Therefore, based on the PTC effect described above, a PTC element suitable for different uses can be manufactured by adjusting the temperature coefficient of the material. ^The PTC component itself is a temperature-controlled heating body, so when it is used as a heating element, it is not necessary to design an additional temperature control circuit. However, existing PTC heating elements are structurally rigid and therefore not flexible. As a result, PTC materials may be degraded or cracked during processing or use, which may affect the yield or service life of the PTC component, and also limit the field of pTC. Μ
有鑑於上述問題，相關領域亟需提出一種新穎的PTC 材料’此類PTC材料應具有可撓性，以擴大其運用領域也 範圍。 Μ 201117237 【發明内容】 因此，本發明的態樣提出了一種PTC發埶元 方法。利用此種方法製造出來的PTC發熱;件4 = 性，因此可廣泛地用作可攜式的保暖裝置，或其他鱼 接觸較為密切的供暖Μ呆暖裝置中。 〃 ^ 依據本發明-具體實施例，上述方法至少包含 驟。將重量比為，約「1至約i : 3的碳黑粒子盘 ^ 以製成PTC塗料。在織物基材上織入一碎"D， 基材含浸於上述PTC塗料中，以使得塗射的碳里== 吸附於織物基材表面與内部。移除該經含浸織物基 水分。在乾燥後的織物基材的至少— 土材中的 料，以形成樹脂保讓層。之後對織物面上2覆樹脂材 述熱處理所用的溫度約進行熱處理，上 鐘。 熱處理時間約3_5分 在一任選的具體實施例中，製備PTC 下步驟。將複數個碳黑粒子與石蠟混I，以製備一=以 加熱並祕上述混合物，當加熱溫度達】^。 加入該混合物中。繼續加埶 、、 時， 60-70。〇同時在&鼽、物，使其溫度為約 水形成-分二:過程中持續授掉，直到上繼物與 黑粒=====實施例+，PTC塗料中所用的石炭 碳黑粒子的直#約，在某些任選的具體實施例中， 在本發明又— 空心絲織物來作為U實施例中’可利用天然棉布或 為上述織物基材。舉例而言，上述天然棉 201117237 布的織幅為約1毫米。 在本發明任選的具體實施例中，先在織物基材上織入 該導線’而後再將織物基材含浸於PTC塗料中。 根據任選的具體實施例，上述導線的製造方法至少包 含以下步驟。先將複數根化學纖維集成一纖維束，而後將 約1毫米寬的銅箔以螺旋狀捲繞於上述纖維束外側，以形 成一導線。一般而言’上述化學纖維的耐熱溫度至少達150 °C。舉例來說，上述化學纖維可以是聚酯（polyester)纖 φ 維、聚两烯腈 C poly acrylonitrile )纖維、聚醯胺（polyamide ) 纖維、聚笨二曱酸乙二酯（Polytrimethylene terephthalates ) 纖、隹或 ^^對本二曱酸丁二 g旨（p〇lybutyiene terephthalate ) 纖維。 在不同的具體實施例中’可利用紅外線乾燥或風乾等 技術’來移除含浸後之纖維基材中的水分。 在另一任選具體實施例中’可利用苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠 (styrene butadiene rubber，SBR )或丁 腈橡膠（Nitrile _ butadiene rubber，NBR )來形成樹脂保護層。 根據一任選的具體實施例，上述方法更包含將至少一 電力供給端子固定於織物基材的至少一表面上。舉例來 說，可在將織物基材含浸於PTC塗料的步驟之後，利用鉚 接或壓接之方式來固定電力供給端子。或者是，可利用銀 知錫的方式來固定電力供給端子。在一種情形中，於將織 物基材含浸於PTC塗料之前，利用銀烊錫來固定電力供給 端子。在另一種情形中，於將織物基材含浸於pTC塗料之 前，將導線之一部份製成可錫焊的狀態，且在將織物基材 201117237 含浸於PTC塗料之後，利用錫焊的方式來固定電力供給端 子。 本發明的另一態樣提出了利用前述態樣/具體實施例 所製成的PTC發熱元件。此種PTC發熱元件具有可撓性， 因此可廣泛地用作可攜式的保暖裝置，或其他與人體接觸 較為密切的供暖/保暖裝置中。 根據本發明一具體實施例，上述可撓式PTC發熱元 件，至少包含一織物基材、至少一導線、複數個碳黑粒子 以及一樹脂保護層。導線係織入於織物基材之中；而碳黑 粒子係吸附於織物基材表面與内部。樹脂保護層覆蓋於織 物基材的至少一表面上。 在一任選的具體實施例中，上述碳黑粒子於纖維基材 上的塗佈量為約每平方公尺乾重50-55克。 在一任選的具體實施例中，上述可撓式PTC發熱元件 至少更包含防水層，設於該樹脂保護層之上。 在另一任選的具體實施例中，當上述可撓式PTC發熱 元件的發熱温度約40 ° C時，可發出波長範圍約2-20 μιη的 遠紅外線。 【實施方式】 PTC元件依其製造材料可分為有機聚合物PTC與陶瓷 PTC兩大類。有機聚合物PTC是在高分子聚合物中摻入碳 粉經擠壓成形；如此一來，碳粉會形成碳鏈導電，受熱時 聚合物膨脹，碳鏈斷裂而形成高電阻。而陶瓷PTC是由具 有正溫度係數特性的鈦酸鋇粉末經電子陶瓷工藝高溫燒結 201117237 等優點，PTC元件具有可靠性高、使用方便、安全省電 子設備以；^已被廣泛地運用於家用電器、電力設施、電 熱、線路66 ^車灯業等眾多領域中；而其用途則包括加 電工、流保護 '電機變壓器的過流保護和過熱保護、 產品應用的感測器等。 硬，幾^上述方法製造出來的PTC發熱元件結構較為剛 件通當θ ^具有可撓性。然而，早期市面上的PTC發熱元 沒有對於&於地板等較為堅硬的構造體中使用，所以並 付之闕如可撓式PTC發熱元件的需求’因此相關研發應用 為密：ί，隨著市場需求對於可攜式或其他與人體接觸較 共暖，保暖裝置的需求逐漸提升，也慢慢地將上述 在传^ Γ凡件運用於相關產°σ°中。但是此類p T c發熱元件 離、龜iJ能受到外力而屈折變形，因此使得元件發生剝 的特^甚至整個斷裂等現象；不但會使得PTC發熱元件 用者劣化而大幅縮減產品耐用時間，甚至可能傷害到使 另一方面，既有PTC發熱元件必須使用體積較大的 2，方能提供足夠的電流，也限制了 PTC發熱元件的應用 此外，先前技術提出將將油性PTC塗料印刷於塑料薄 膜之上，但油性PTC塗料的溶劑具有毒性，在製備過裎中， 發散出的溶劑會污染環境。此外，若將此種油性PTC塗料 用來製備可攜式或其他與人體接觸較為密切的保暖襞置， 可能會直接影響使用者與周遭人士的健康。。 201117237 綜上所述，既有的PTC發熱元件或其他發熱元件仍存 在了諸多缺失。特別是，要將PTC發熱元件運用於可攜式 或其他與人體接觸較為密切的供暖/保暖裝置時，現有的 ptc發熱元件在使用的舒適度與耐久度等方面的性能較 差。 有鑑於上述問題，在此提出一種水溶性的PTC塗料， 藉此改善了對含浸材料的PTC塗料的滲透性，同時也改善 了 PTC塗料的電氣特性。和油性PTC塗料相較之下，水性 PTC塗料是以水作為主要溶劑，因此未使用對人體、環境 有不利影響的油性溶劑。 利用此種水溶性PTC塗料與此處提出的方法，可以製 造出高耐久、高信賴、高安全性的可撓式PTC發熱元件， 進而可將此種可撓式PTC發熱元件運用於人體供暖之目的 的，而實現一種兼具節能、小型、輕量、便利等特性的供 暖/保暖裝置。簡言之，本發明具體實施例改善了既有PTC 發熱元件的缺點，對直接供暖給人體的可攜式供暖裝置， 帶來特別有效的效果，對PTC發熱元件的使用給予新的附 加價值及產業效果。 具體而言，應用本揭露書所提出的原理與精神，至少 具有以下的優點。 首先，以前的PTC發熱元件，會由於使用時產生的外 力而在短時間内成為不良品，現在利用具可撓性的柔軟構 造來改善此一情況，延長了 PTC發熱元件的耐用期限，也 確保了耐用年數。 由於PTC發熱元件有時必須會與人體直接接觸，因此 201117237 必須利用絕緣、防水的材料作為外包裝。目前常用的外包 材料包括熱壓型和貼膜型兩種，帶這兩種外包材料在加工 時會直接與燒結後的含碳材料接觸，很容易使得含碳材料 剝離並破壞其發熱功能。 此外’此種可撓式PTC發熱元件不但具有可撓性，也 仍然保有與既有PTC發熱元件同等（或更佳）的可靠度與 絕緣性’使其應用範圍更廣。 基於以上特性，將此種可撓式PTC發熱元件作成適合 人體供暖的物品，可減少能源的浪費。另一方面’由於可 換式PTC發熱元件的耗電量較低’而得以採用更為小型的 電池，使得整個供暖裝置的體積與重量更佳輕巧。 以下將進一步說明一種實施本揭示内容之原理與精神 的方法，以及運用該方法所得到的可撓式PTC發熱元件。 本發明一態樣提出了一種PTC發熱元件的製造方法。 利用此種方法製造出來的PTC發熱元件具有可撓性，因此 可廣泛地用作可攜式的保暖裝置，或其他與人體接觸較為 密切的供暖/保暖裝置中。 依據本發明一具體實施例’上述方法至少包含以下步 驟。將重量比為約1 : 1至約1 : 3的碳黑粒子與水混合， 以製成PTC塗料。在織物基材上織入至少一導線。將織物 基材含浸於上述PTC塗料中’以使得塗料中的碳黑粒子被 吸附於織物基材表面與内部。移除該經含浸織物基材中的 水分。在乾燥後的織物基材的至少一表面上施覆樹脂材 料，並進行熱處理，以形成樹脂保護層。上述熱處理所用 的溫度約150-20(TC，熱處理時間約3-5分鐘。 201117237 本發明的另一態樣則提出了利用此處所述之方法所製 成的PTC發熱元件。如第3圖所示，根據本發明一具體實 施例，PTC發熱元件300至少包含其中吸附了複數個碳黑 粒子的織物基材305、至少一導線310以及樹脂保護層 315。可利用任何習知的技術，將導線310編織於織物基材 305之中；而樹脂保護層315則覆蓋於織物基材的至少一 表面上。 在一任選的具體實施例中，製備PTC塗料至少包含以 下步驟。將複數個碳黑粒子與石蠟混合，以製備一混合物。 加熱並攪拌上述混合物，當加熱溫度達到約60°c時，將水 加入該混合物中。持續加熱與檀拌，直到上述混合物與水 形成一分散液為止。在此實施例中，加入石蠛的目的在於 促進碳黑粒子均勻地分散於水中，一般而言，在整個PTC 塗料中，使用重量百分比約1-3%的石蠟，即足以達成分散 之目的。 為了提升分散液中碳黑粒子分布的均勻度，在本發明 任選的具體實施例中，可將碳黑粒子進行奈米粉碎，以得 到粒徑大小為奈米級的碳黑粒子。舉例來說，在PTC塗料 中所用的碳黑粒子的直徑可為約10-50奈米，如10、15、 20、25、30、35、40、45 或 50 奈米 ° 由於必須透過含浸的步驟，使得碳黑粒子被吸附於織 物基材的表面或内部，因此必須採用具有良好吸附能力的 的織物。舉例來說，天然棉布具有理想的耐熱性，且適合 碳黑粒子深入纖維間的缝隙而被吸附於織物基材的内部。 在本發明又一任選具體實施例中，可利用天然棉布或空心 201117237 絲織物來作為上 式PTC加熱元侔^ 基材。天然棉布的織幅取決於可撓 熱元件適用的電壓2°在—實施例中，當可撓式PTC加 布的織幅為約i亳^纟7-9伏特之間時，所用的天然棉 當然 以 '^所述僅為例示’亦可採用其他天賴維或 的織物來作為此處所述的：:材 空心絲In view of the above problems, there is a need in the related art to propose a novel PTC material. Such PTC materials should have flexibility to expand the range of applications. Μ 201117237 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention proposes a PTC hairpin method. The PTC produced by this method generates heat; the piece 4 = sex, so it can be widely used as a portable heating device, or other heating and heating devices with close contact with fish. 〃 ^ In accordance with the present invention - the specific method, the above method includes at least a step. The weight ratio is about 10,000 Å to about i: 3 carbon black particles to form a PTC coating. A woven fabric is woven on the fabric substrate, and the substrate is impregnated into the PTC coating to make the coating The carbon in the shot == adsorbed on the surface and inside of the fabric substrate. The impregnated fabric-based moisture is removed. At least the material in the dried fabric substrate is formed into a resin retaining layer. The heat treatment time is about 3 to 5 minutes. The heat treatment time is about 3 to 5 minutes. In an optional embodiment, the PTC is prepared. The plurality of carbon black particles are mixed with paraffin. Prepare a = to heat and confuse the above mixture, when the heating temperature is reached. Add to the mixture. Continue to add 、,,, 60-70. 〇 simultaneously in & 鼽, the substance, the temperature is about water formation - Sub-two: continue to be granted during the process until the successor and black particles =====Example+, the direct carbon of the carbon black particles used in the PTC coating, in some optional embodiments, In the present invention, a hollow fiber fabric is used as a U-use in the U embodiment. In the case of the above-mentioned fabric substrate, for example, the above-mentioned natural cotton 201117237 fabric has a web of about 1 mm. In an optional embodiment of the invention, the thread is first woven onto the fabric substrate and then the fabric base is The material is impregnated in the PTC coating. According to an optional embodiment, the method for manufacturing the above-mentioned wire comprises at least the following steps: first integrating a plurality of chemical fibers into a fiber bundle, and then winding the copper foil of about 1 mm width in a spiral shape The outer side of the fiber bundle is formed to form a wire. Generally, the chemical fiber has a heat resistance temperature of at least 150 ° C. For example, the chemical fiber may be a polyester fiber or a polyacrylonitrile C. Poly acrylonitrile fiber, polyamide fiber, polytrimethylene terephthalates fiber, strontium or bismuth phthalate (p〇lybutyiene terephthalate) fiber. In a particular embodiment, 'infrared drying or air drying, etc. may be utilized to remove moisture from the impregnated fibrous substrate. In another optional embodiment, 'available a styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) or a nitrile y butadiene rubber (NBR) to form a resin protective layer. According to an optional embodiment, the method further comprises fixing at least one power supply terminal On at least one surface of the textile substrate. For example, the step of impregnating the textile substrate with the PTC coating may be performed by riveting or crimping to fix the power supply terminal. Alternatively, the silver-based tin may be utilized. Way to fix the power supply terminal. In one case, the power supply terminal is fixed by silver bismuth tin prior to impregnation of the woven substrate with the PTC coating. In another case, one part of the wire is made into a solderable state before the fabric substrate is impregnated with the pTC coating, and after the fabric substrate 201117237 is impregnated with the PTC coating, the soldering is used. Fixed power supply terminal. Another aspect of the present invention provides a PTC heating element fabricated using the foregoing aspects/embodiments. Such a PTC heating element has flexibility and can be widely used as a portable warming device or other heating/warming device that is in close contact with the human body. According to an embodiment of the invention, the flexible PTC heating element comprises at least a textile substrate, at least one wire, a plurality of carbon black particles, and a resin protective layer. The wires are woven into the fabric substrate; the carbon black particles are adsorbed on the surface and inside of the fabric substrate. The resin protective layer covers at least one surface of the fabric substrate. In an optional embodiment, the carbon black particles are applied to the fibrous substrate in an amount of from about 50 to about 55 grams dry weight per square meter. In an optional embodiment, the flexible PTC heating element further comprises at least a water repellent layer disposed on the resin protective layer. In another optional embodiment, when the heat-producing temperature of the flexible PTC heating element is about 40 ° C, far-infrared rays having a wavelength range of about 2 to 20 μm can be emitted. [Embodiment] PTC components can be classified into organic polymer PTC and ceramic PTC according to their manufacturing materials. The organic polymer PTC is formed by extruding a carbon powder into a high molecular polymer by extrusion molding; in this case, the carbon powder forms a carbon chain conductive, and when heated, the polymer expands and the carbon chain breaks to form a high electrical resistance. The ceramic PTC is characterized by high temperature sintering of barium titanate powder with positive temperature coefficient and high temperature sintering 201117237 by electronic ceramic process. The PTC component has high reliability, easy to use, and safe electronic equipment; ^ has been widely used in household appliances , power facilities, electric heating, line 66 ^ vehicle lamp industry and many other fields; and its use includes electrician, flow protection 'motor transformer overcurrent protection and overheat protection, product application sensors. Hard, the structure of the PTC heating element manufactured by the above method is relatively rigid and θ ^ has flexibility. However, the PTC heating element on the market in the early days was not used in the relatively rigid structures such as the floor, so it was not like the demand for flexible PTC heating elements. Therefore, the related research and development application is dense: ί, with the market The demand for portable or other contact with the human body is warmer, the demand for warming devices is gradually increasing, and the above-mentioned materials are slowly applied to the relevant production σ°. However, such a p T c heating element is separated from the turtle iJ by external force and is deformed by the external force, thereby causing the element to be stripped, or even the entire fracture; not only the PTC heating element user is deteriorated, but the product durability time is greatly reduced, and even It may be harmful. On the other hand, the PTC heating element must use a larger volume 2 to provide sufficient current and limit the application of the PTC heating element. In addition, the prior art proposes to print the oily PTC coating on the plastic film. Above, but the solvent of the oily PTC coating is toxic, and in the preparation of the crucible, the emitted solvent will pollute the environment. In addition, the use of such oily PTC coatings to prepare portable or other warm-up devices that are in close contact with the human body may directly affect the health of users and those around them. . 201117237 In summary, there are still many shortcomings in existing PTC heating elements or other heating elements. In particular, when PTC heating elements are to be used in portable or other heating/heating devices that are in close contact with the human body, existing ptc heating elements have poor performance in terms of comfort and durability. In view of the above problems, a water-soluble PTC coating is proposed here, thereby improving the permeability of the PTC coating of the impregnated material and also improving the electrical characteristics of the PTC coating. Compared with oil-based PTC coatings, water-based PTC coatings use water as the main solvent, so oily solvents that adversely affect the human body and the environment are not used. By using such a water-soluble PTC coating and the method proposed herein, a flexible PTC heating element with high durability, high reliability and high safety can be manufactured, and the flexible PTC heating element can be applied to human body heating. A purpose is to achieve a heating/warming device that combines energy saving, small size, light weight, and convenience. Briefly, the specific embodiment of the present invention improves the disadvantages of the existing PTC heating element, and has a particularly effective effect on the portable heating device for direct heating to the human body, and gives new added value to the use of the PTC heating element. Industrial effect. In particular, applying the principles and spirits set forth in the present disclosure has at least the following advantages. First, the conventional PTC heating element becomes a defective product in a short period of time due to an external force generated during use. Now, the flexible structure is used to improve the situation, and the durability of the PTC heating element is prolonged. The number of years of durability. Since PTC heating elements must sometimes be in direct contact with the human body, 201117237 must use insulated, waterproof materials as the outer packaging. At present, the commonly used outsourcing materials include two types of hot pressing type and film type. The two outer covering materials are directly contacted with the sintered carbonaceous material during processing, and the carbonaceous material is easily peeled off and the heat generating function is destroyed. In addition, such a flexible PTC heating element not only has flexibility, but also retains the same (or better) reliability and insulation as the existing PTC heating element. Based on the above characteristics, such a flexible PTC heating element can be made into an article suitable for human body heating, thereby reducing energy waste. On the other hand, the use of a smaller battery due to the lower power consumption of the replaceable PTC heating element makes the overall heating device more compact and lightweight. A method of practicing the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, as well as a flexible PTC heating element obtained by the method, will be further described below. One aspect of the present invention provides a method of fabricating a PTC heating element. The PTC heating element manufactured by this method has flexibility, and thus can be widely used as a portable warming device or other heating/warming device that is in close contact with the human body. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above method comprises at least the following steps. Carbon black particles having a weight ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:3 are mixed with water to form a PTC coating. At least one wire is woven onto the fabric substrate. The fabric substrate is impregnated in the above PTC coating so that the carbon black particles in the coating are adsorbed on the surface and inside of the fabric substrate. The moisture in the impregnated fabric substrate is removed. A resin material is applied to at least one surface of the dried fabric substrate and heat-treated to form a resin protective layer. The temperature used for the above heat treatment is about 150-20 (TC, heat treatment time is about 3-5 minutes. 201117237 Another aspect of the invention proposes a PTC heating element made by the method described herein. As shown, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the PTC heating element 300 includes at least a textile substrate 305 in which a plurality of carbon black particles are adsorbed, at least one wire 310, and a resin protective layer 315. Any conventional technique may be utilized. The wire 310 is woven in the fabric substrate 305; and the resin protective layer 315 covers at least one surface of the fabric substrate. In an optional embodiment, the PTC coating is prepared to include at least the following steps. The black particles are mixed with paraffin to prepare a mixture. The mixture is heated and stirred, and water is added to the mixture when the heating temperature reaches about 60 ° C. Heating is continued with the sandalwood until the mixture forms a dispersion with water. In this embodiment, the purpose of adding the sarcophagus is to promote the uniform dispersion of the carbon black particles in the water. In general, the weight percentage is used throughout the PTC coating. About 1-3% of the paraffin wax is sufficient for the purpose of dispersion. In order to increase the uniformity of the distribution of the carbon black particles in the dispersion, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the carbon black particles may be subjected to nano pulverization to A carbon black particle having a particle size of nanometer order is obtained. For example, the carbon black particles used in the PTC coating may have a diameter of about 10-50 nm, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or 50 nm. Since the carbon black particles must be adsorbed on the surface or inside of the fabric substrate through the impregnation step, it is necessary to use a fabric with good adsorption capacity. For example, natural cotton cloth is ideal. Heat resistance, and suitable for carbon black particles to penetrate into the gap between the fibers and adsorbed inside the fabric substrate. In still another specific embodiment of the present invention, natural cotton cloth or hollow 201117237 silk fabric can be used as the upper PTC heating. The base material of the natural cotton cloth depends on the voltage applicable to the flexible element 2 °. In the embodiment, when the width of the flexible PTC cloth is about i亳^纟7-9 volts Natural cotton used, of course The description of '^ is merely an exemplification' may also be made of other fabrics as described herein::
層；相較之$係：：0印刷的方式在塑料薄膜上形成碳黑 織物a材㈣/提出藉由含浸的技術’使得碳黑深入 還可:提丄 =’根據上述方法’可直接在織物基材的至少一表 成的以形成樹脂保護層。利用此種方法所形 具有可撓性，且其與織物基材間的密 i sV在時，即使受到屈折也不易與織物基材分 ^因此大巾了可撓式PTC發熱元件的應用性與耐用 =至^用塑料薄膜作為基材的既有產品的财撓曲負載 „。可想而知’亦可在織物基材的多個或所有表面 上形成此一樹脂保護層。 另-方面，採用耐熱性佳的織物作為基材，使得可對 可撓式m:發齡件進彳t熱處理，錢_步提升其發熱效 率。相較之下，既有產品（以塑料薄膜為基材）則無法财 受熱處理所需的高溫。 由於此處所揭路的方法係用以製造可挽式ptc元件， 因此所選用的導線也應當具備合宜的可撓性。在任選的具 12 201117237 體實施例中，導線的製造方法至少包含以下步驟。先 數，化學纖維集成一纖維束，而後將約i毫米寬的銅羯以 螺旋狀捲繞於上述纖維束外側，以形成一導線。在某 施例中’可將數百根極細（如，直徑約〇 〇〇3毫米 學纖維集成一纖維束，以製造上述導線。 ， 一般而言，上述化學纖維的耐熱溫度至少達15〇〇C。 上述化學纖維的實施例包括但不限於聚g旨纖維（溶點約以 C)、聚丙烯腈纖維（熔點約3irc)、聚醯胺纖維（如耐 鲁隆?6溶點約253 C)、聚苯二甲酸乙二酿纖維（溶點約 230 C)或聚對苯二甲酸丁二醋纖維（炫點約挪。c)。 根據本發明任選的具體實施例，可先在織物基材上織 入該導線，而後再將織物基材含浸於pTC塗料中。舉例來 說，可根據導線的通電量與可撓式pTC發熱元件所 =通電量，將適當數量的導線纏在—起，並織人天然棉布 具體來說’應根據使用環境、可撓式pTc發熱元件的 鲁輸出功率和織物基材上碳黑的塗佈量等因素，來設計 的數量與編入的間隔。 —般而言，當單—根導線的電流量約為0.2安培時， 可計算使用環境的電流，並確保可撓式PTC發埶元件的電 =量料為環境電流的2倍，此，#可撓式叹發熱 T件上的碳黑的塗佈量為約每平方公尺乾重則5克時， 二二可撓式m:發熱元件在約9伏特的Μτ輸出約2瓦 ^率時的電量约為0.23安培，此時需要使用2根導線（電 机里約0.4安培，约略為環境電流的2倍）。如此一來當 13 201117237 可撓式PTC發熱元件的長度為約200毫米（即，0.2公尺）， 且功率約為400瓦特/平方公尺時，電極間（兩根導線間） 的距離為2 (瓦特）+400 (瓦特/平方公尺）+0.2 (公尺） = 0.025 (公尺，相當於25毫米）。 可利用任何適當的方式來乾燥含浸後的纖維基材，以 實質上移除其中所含的水分。作為例示而非限制，可用的 乾燥方式有紅外線乾燥或風乾。 根據本揭示内容的原理與精神，可將樹脂材料施覆於 經乾燥的纖維基材上，以形成一樹脂保護層。在施覆樹脂 材料時，可以單次施覆或分多次施覆而形成多層樹脂層。 由於PTC發熱元件中的碳黑受熱時會膨脹而導致電阻 變化，因此應使用具有合宜可撓性的樹脂保護層，以免覆 蓋於碳黑之外的樹脂保護層影響了其發熱效能。適當的樹 脂材料之實施例包括但不限於苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠與丁腈橡 膠。當使用多層的樹脂層結構式，與碳黑直接接觸的樹脂 層（即，最内層的樹脂層）應使用可撓性的樹脂材料，至 於其他樹脂層則不受限制。 此外，由於樹脂保護層直接包覆於纖維基材的表面 上，即使碳黑粒子與纖維基材表面或内部分離，仍然會被 樹脂保護層限制在可撓式PTC發熱元件的内部，因此在使 用上，脫落的碳黑粒子仍可發揮一定的功能。 如上所述，可撓式PTC發熱元件可運用於可攜式或其 他與人體密切接觸的供暖裝置中。上述樹脂保護層可提供 一定程度的絕緣性，因此在某些運用領域中，此處提出的 可撓式ptc發熱元件不需使用額外的外包裝。 201117237 不過，當將可撓式PTC發熱元件運用於曰常生活中 時，可能需要進一步使得可撓式PTC發熱元件具有防水的 性能。譬如說，將其設於衣物（如：上衣、褲子、裙子、 外套、權子...等等）中的時候’穿戴者可能會流汗，因此 需要阻隔汗水。或者是，將其運用於—般家庭用的織物 (如··地毯、床單、棉被、靠墊...等等）時，可能會被飲 水或其他液體潑灑到，因此也需要阻隔上 的具體實施例中，可於樹脂保護層上方再；置體二， 舉例來說’可將具有防水性能的織物、布膠帶設於樹脂保 護層上方。此處所述僅為例示，當可使用其他均等的方法 或結構，以使得可撓式PTC發熱元件具有防水性質。 第4圖繪示了依照本發明另一具體實施例的PTC可挽 式發熱元件的外觀不意圖。在本實施例中，在可撓式pTC 發熱元件400的樹脂保護層（其係受到防水層親，因此 圖中未繪示）的外表面上設有防水層42〇。至於導線41〇 則必須有部分暴露出來，以與外部電路相連接。 先前技術中’由於並未追求PTC發熱元件的可挽性， 因此其電力供給端子與電線㈣設方式也並未考量到可挽 式產品的㈣。有鑑於此’在此提出了—則於在可撓式 發熱元件中 < 裝電力供給端子與固定電線的方法。 在—任選的實施例中’可利用鉚接或壓接方式，來安 裝/固定電力供㈣子與電線。此時，需在將織物基材含浸 =PTC塗料並賴之後’才將電力供給端子與固定用零件 藉由鉚接或壓接而與可撓式PTC發熱S件接觸。如此一 來’不但可以確保電力供給端子與@定用零件的通電性， 15 201117237 還能夠防止電力供給端子與可撓式PTC發熱元件之間發生 接觸不良的問題。 x 在另一任選的具體實施例中，可利用銀焊錫來固定電 力供給端子。舉例來說，可在未經PTC塗料含浸的織物基 材上’先利用銀焊錫來固定電力供給端子，而後再進行pTc 塗料含浸、乾燥等步驟。或者是’可在未經PTC塗料含浸 的織物基材上’先將欲作為電力供給端子固定部之處的導 線做成可錫焊的狀態，而後在經過PTC塗料含浸、乾燥等 步驟之後，再利用錫焊的方式來固定電力供給端子。 以下將以多個實驗例來闡明根據此處提出之態樣/具 體實施例所得到之可撓式PTC發熱元件的性能。 第1圖為根據本發明一具體實施例之PTC發熱元件與 既有PTC發熱元件的電阻-溫度關係圖。 在第1圖中，虛線代表了運用先前技術之油性PTC塗 料所製得之可撓式PTC發熱元件；而實線則代表表示利用 本發明一具體實施例之水性PTC塗料（碳黑與水的重量比 為1 : 3)所製得之可撓式PTC發熱元件。大體而言，先前 技術之油性PTC塗料係由重量比約為1 : 3的碳黑與油性 溶劑所組成，其中上述油性溶劑可以是甲苯或二曱苯。 第2圖為上述具體實施例之PTC發熱元件的電阻-電流 變化圖。 在另一實驗例中，進行了彎曲測試，以確認此處提出 之PTC發熱元件的可橈性。首先’將其製作成尺寸為4〇 毫米X150毫米χ1毫米的大小，並在樹脂保護層外包覆了寬 幅布膠帶，以使ptc發熱元件具備防水的性能。彎曲測試 201117237Layer; compared to the $::0 printing method to form a carbon black fabric a material on the plastic film (4) / proposed by the impregnation technology 'to make the carbon black deeper: tick = 'according to the above method' can be directly At least one of the textile substrates is formed to form a resin protective layer. By using this method, the shape is flexible, and when it is in contact with the fabric substrate, even if it is subjected to bending, it is not easy to be separated from the fabric substrate. Therefore, the applicability of the flexible PTC heating element is large. Durable = to ^ The flexural load of the existing product using a plastic film as a substrate. It is conceivable that this resin protective layer can also be formed on many or all surfaces of the textile substrate. The heat-resistant fabric is used as the substrate, so that the flexible m: ageing part can be heat-treated, and the heat-efficiency is improved by the step of the step. In contrast, the existing product (based on the plastic film) The high temperature required for heat treatment cannot be obtained. Since the method disclosed herein is used to manufacture a pullable ptc component, the selected conductor should also have suitable flexibility. In the optional 12 201117237 implementation In the example, the method for manufacturing the wire comprises at least the following steps: first, the chemical fiber integrates a fiber bundle, and then a copper crucible about 1 mm wide is spirally wound around the outer side of the fiber bundle to form a wire. In the case, 'can be hundreds of Fine (e.g., a fiber bundle having a diameter of about 3 mm is integrated into a fiber bundle to produce the above-mentioned wire. In general, the above-mentioned chemical fiber has a heat resistance temperature of at least 15 ° C. Examples of the above chemical fiber include but not It is limited to polyg fibers (melting point is about C), polyacrylonitrile fibers (melting point is about 3irc), polyamidamine fibers (such as ronol-6? melting point about 253 C), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) a melting point of about 230 C) or polybutylene terephthalate fiber (a dazzling point.). According to an optional embodiment of the invention, the wire can be woven onto the fabric substrate and then The fabric substrate is impregnated with the pTC coating. For example, according to the amount of energization of the wire and the amount of energization of the flexible pTC heating element, an appropriate number of wires are wrapped around, and the natural cotton cloth is woven specifically. The amount and spacing of the design should be based on factors such as the environment of use, the output power of the flexible pTc heating element, and the amount of carbon black applied to the fabric substrate. In general, the current of the single-wire When the amount is about 0.2 ampere, the current in the environment can be calculated. And to ensure that the electrical quantity of the flexible PTC hairpin component is twice the ambient current, and the coating amount of the carbon black on the T-squeezing hot T piece is about 5 grams per square meter dry weight. , two or two flexible m: heating element at about 9 volts Μτ output about 2 watts of electricity is about 0.23 amps, then need to use 2 wires (about 0.4 amps in the motor, about ambient current 2 times). As a result, when the length of the 13 201117237 flexible PTC heating element is about 200 mm (ie, 0.2 m) and the power is about 400 watts/m 2 , the electrodes (between the two wires) The distance is 2 (watts) + 400 (watts / square meter) + 0.2 (meters) = 0.025 (meters, equivalent to 25 mm). The impregnated fibrous substrate can be dried by any suitable means to substantially remove the moisture contained therein. By way of illustration and not limitation, available drying methods are infrared drying or air drying. In accordance with the principles and spirit of the present disclosure, a resin material can be applied to the dried fibrous substrate to form a resin protective layer. When the resin material is applied, the multilayer resin layer may be formed by a single application or multiple application. Since the carbon black in the PTC heating element expands due to heat and changes in electrical resistance, a resin protective layer having a suitable flexibility should be used to prevent the resin protective layer covering the carbon black from affecting the heat generation performance. Examples of suitable resin materials include, but are not limited to, styrene butadiene rubber and nitrile rubber. When a multilayer resin layer structural formula is used, a resin layer directly contacting the carbon black (i.e., the innermost resin layer) should use a flexible resin material, and the other resin layers are not limited. In addition, since the resin protective layer is directly coated on the surface of the fibrous base material, even if the carbon black particles are separated from the surface or the inside of the fibrous base material, the resin protective layer is still confined inside the flexible PTC heating element, so that it is used. On the top, the detached carbon black particles can still perform a certain function. As described above, the flexible PTC heating element can be used in a portable or other heating device in close contact with the human body. The above resin protective layer can provide a certain degree of insulation, so in some fields of application, the flexible ptc heating element proposed herein does not require the use of an additional outer package. 201117237 However, when flexible PTC heating elements are used in everyday life, it may be necessary to further make the flexible PTC heating elements waterproof. For example, when it is placed in clothing (such as tops, trousers, skirts, coats, quilts, etc.), the wearer may sweat, so it is necessary to block sweat. Or, when applied to fabrics for general household use (such as carpets, sheets, quilts, cushions, etc.), they may be spilled by drinking water or other liquids, so they also need to be blocked. In the embodiment, the resin layer and the cloth tape can be disposed above the resin protective layer. The description herein is merely illustrative, as other equal methods or structures may be used to render the flexible PTC heating element waterproof. Fig. 4 is a view showing the appearance of a PTC switchable heating element in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a waterproof layer 42 is provided on the outer surface of the resin protective layer of the flexible pTC heat-generating component 400, which is subjected to a waterproof layer, and thus is not shown. As for the wire 41, it must be partially exposed to be connected to an external circuit. In the prior art, since the PTC heating element is not pursued, the power supply terminal and the electric wire (four) are not considered to be portable (4). In view of the fact that it has been proposed here, it is a method of mounting a power supply terminal and a fixed electric wire in a flexible heating element. In the optional embodiment, riveted or crimped means can be used to mount/fix the power supply to the (four) sub-wire. At this time, the electric power supply terminal and the fixing member are brought into contact with the flexible PTC heating element S by riveting or crimping after impregnating the woven fabric substrate with the PTC coating. In this way, not only can the power supply terminal and the electrified part be electrically connected, 15 201117237 can prevent the problem of poor contact between the power supply terminal and the flexible PTC heating element. x In another optional embodiment, silver solder can be utilized to secure the power supply terminals. For example, silver solder can be used to fix the power supply terminal on a fabric substrate that is not impregnated with PTC coating, and then the pTc coating is impregnated and dried. Or, 'on a textile substrate impregnated with PTC coatings', the wire to be used as the fixing portion of the power supply terminal is made into a solderable state, and then subjected to immersion, drying, etc. of the PTC coating, and then The power supply terminal is fixed by soldering. The performance of the flexible PTC heating element obtained according to the aspect/specific embodiment proposed herein will be clarified in a number of experimental examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a graph showing the resistance-temperature relationship of a PTC heating element and an existing PTC heating element in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 1, a broken line represents a flexible PTC heating element made using the prior art oily PTC coating; and a solid line represents an aqueous PTC coating (carbon black and water) using a specific embodiment of the present invention. The flexible PTC heating element produced by the weight ratio of 1: 3). In general, the prior art oily PTC coatings are composed of carbon black and an oily solvent in a weight ratio of about 1:3, wherein the above oily solvent may be toluene or dinonylbenzene. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the resistance-current change of the PTC heating element of the above specific embodiment. In another experimental example, a bending test was conducted to confirm the susceptibility of the PTC heating element proposed herein. First, it was made into a size of 4 mm mm × 150 mm χ 1 mm, and a wide-width cloth tape was coated on the resin protective layer to make the ptc heating element waterproof. Bending test 201117237
結果顯示，經過了 500次的彎曲後，此處提出的可撓式PTC 發熱元件的電特性仍未劣化。另一方面，既有的pTC發熱 兀件’則在經過不到50次的彎曲之後，就發生電特性劣化 的情形。 為了進一步確認此處提出的可撓式PTC發熱元件的耐 用性’在以下實驗例中，製備了可撓式PTC發熱元件並模 擬使用中的情形，來估算可撓式PTC發熱元件的耐用性。The results show that the electrical characteristics of the flexible PTC heating element proposed here have not deteriorated after 500 bending. On the other hand, in the case of the existing pTC heating element, the electrical characteristics deteriorate after less than 50 bending. In order to further confirm the durability of the flexible PTC heating element proposed herein, in the following experimental examples, a flexible PTC heating element was prepared and simulated in use to estimate the durability of the flexible PTC heating element.
在實驗過程中，每日將可撓式PTC發熱元件的電源供 應開啟/關閉16回’每—開/關測試中，電源供應時間為3〇 分鐘’而後將電源關閉6〇分鐘，再進行下一次的開/關測 試中。本實驗持續進行了兩年，但在實際使用環境中，假 設每天早晚各使用一次，相當於本實驗進行1日可模擬實 際使用8天的情形，因此2年的測試期間相當於實際使用 了開啟/關閉了 5840天（8 * 365 * 2 = 5840)。一般來說， 需要使用供暖設備的季節約為每年U月到隔年2月間的4 個月（共計120天）’本實驗進行的天數相當於使用了 48 年（5840/365 = 48.67)間的開/關情形。 在本實驗例中’使用了織幅為約1毫米間隔而織成的 天然棉布。但基本上只要是能夠維持網狀結構的織物都可 使用，其織幅沒有特定的限制。所使用的PTC塗料中包人 碳黑與水（重量比約為1: 3)。此外，本實驗例中，根= 供電電壓與發熱溫度等條件，將導線間隔設定為約1〇"古 米’但本發明不以此為限。 毫 第5圖為根據以上實驗例之pTc發熱元件的耐久性 驗初期的部分結果；而第6圖則為同一 pTC發熱元件在第 17 201117237 二年的部分試驗結果。在第5圖與第6圖中，縱軸為PTC 發熱元件所發出的溫度，而橫軸則顯示了試驗過程中的特 定時間點（第5圖所示的時間點分別為2005年1月28曰、 2005年2月7日以及2005年2月17日；第6圖所示的時 間點分別為2006年12月17曰、2006年12月22曰、2006 年12月27曰以及2007年1月1曰）。 同時參照第5圖與第6圖可以發現到，此處提出的可 撓式PTC發熱元件具有理想的耐久性，在模擬條件下，可 重複開關次數相當於實際上使用了 48年之久。 根據本發明一實施例，此處提出的可撓式PTC發熱元 件可設置於日常穿戴的衣物中，以提供隨身的保暖效果。 因此，在一實驗例中，進行了穿戴試驗。 本實驗例中，所用的可撓式PTC加熱元件上包覆了防 水布膠帶，其尺寸為40毫米X150毫米XI毫米；使用電池 輸出為7.4伏特（初期值）；最大輸出電力1.2瓦特。在背 心中央將上述PTC發熱元件橫向貼好，以電池最大輸出供 電，在穿著狀態下測量發熱狀態。第7圖呈現了上述PTC 發熱元件在穿戴時的發熱溫度隨時間變化圖，在此處，縱 軸呈現的是PTC發熱元件表面的發熱溫度，而橫轴則為試 驗過程中的特定時間點（分別為2009年3月12日的9時、 11時、13時、15時與17時）。 測試結果顯示，當周圍平均溫度為約22°C時，使PTC 發熱元件的表面溫度上升為40°C，可以連續使用8小時以 上。 此外，由於PTC發熱元件的固定位置正好處於人體大 201117237 動脈經過的部位’因此經過20分鐘後，連腳尖都會很暖 和，進而達到充分的取暖效果。 。再者’由於當上述可撓式PTC發熱元件的發熱溫度約 40 C時，可發出波長範圍約2_20 μιη的遠紅外線。此一波 長的遠紅外線會與如的水分共振 ，導致水分自我發熱而 可以得到體溫上升的效果。During the experiment, the power supply of the flexible PTC heating element is turned on/off 16 times per 'on-off/off test, the power supply time is 3〇 minutes' and then the power is turned off for 6 minutes, then proceed One on/off test. This experiment has been carried out for two years, but in the actual use environment, it is assumed that each use is used once in the morning and evening, which is equivalent to the actual use of 8 days in the experiment, so the 2-year test period is equivalent to the actual use of the open. / Closed 5840 days (8 * 365 * 2 = 5840). In general, the season in which heating equipment is required is about 4 months from U to the next February (120 days in total). The number of days in this experiment is equivalent to 48 years (5840/365 = 48.67). / off the situation. In the present experimental example, a natural cotton cloth woven with a web of about 1 mm was used. However, basically, as long as the fabric capable of maintaining the network structure can be used, the width of the web is not particularly limited. The PTC coating used contained carbon black and water (about 1:3 by weight). Further, in the present experimental example, the root = the supply voltage and the heat generation temperature and the like, the wire interval was set to about 1 〇 &"古米', but the invention is not limited thereto. Fig. 5 is a partial result of the preliminary test of the durability of the pTc heating element according to the above experimental example; and Fig. 6 is a partial test result of the same pTC heating element in the second year of the 17th 201117237. In Figures 5 and 6, the vertical axis shows the temperature emitted by the PTC heating element, while the horizontal axis shows the specific time point during the test (the time points shown in Figure 5 are January 28, 2005, respectively).曰, February 7, 2005 and February 17, 2005; the time points shown in Figure 6 are December 17, 2006, December 22, 2006, December 27, 2006, and 2007. Month 1曰). Referring to Figures 5 and 6, it can be seen that the flexible PTC heating element proposed herein has an ideal durability, and under simulated conditions, the number of repeatable switches is equivalent to 48 years of actual use. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flexible PTC heating element proposed herein can be disposed in daily worn clothes to provide a warm-keeping effect with the body. Therefore, in an experimental example, a wear test was conducted. In this experimental example, the flexible PTC heating element used was covered with a water-repellent cloth tape measuring 40 mm x 150 mm XI mm; the battery output was 7.4 volts (initial value); and the maximum output power was 1.2 watts. The PTC heating element is laterally attached in the center of the center of the center, and is supplied with the maximum output of the battery, and the heat state is measured in a worn state. Figure 7 is a graph showing the change of the heating temperature of the PTC heating element with time when it is worn. Here, the vertical axis shows the heating temperature of the surface of the PTC heating element, and the horizontal axis shows the specific time point during the test ( They are 9:00, 11:00, 13:00, 15:00 and 17:00 on March 12, 2009. The test results showed that when the ambient average temperature was about 22 ° C, the surface temperature of the PTC heating element was raised to 40 ° C, and it was possible to continuously use for more than 8 hours. In addition, since the fixed position of the PTC heating element is just in the position where the human body is large, the passage of the 201117237 artery is so that after 20 minutes, the toes are warmed up to achieve a sufficient heating effect. . Further, since the above-mentioned flexible PTC heating element has a heat generation temperature of about 40 C, far infrared rays having a wavelength range of about 2 to 20 μm can be emitted. This long-range far-infrared rays resonate with the moisture of the water, causing the water to self-heat and the effect of increasing the body temperature.
—方面’由於上述PTC發熱元件是由棉布與防水布 |作而成的’與布有著同樣的柔軟性，因此將其裝設 ;戴物之上，牙戴者也不會感到不舒服，而可以進行工 Λ仏由於此處提出以織物作為含浸PTC塗料的基材’這些 5會形成網狀的結構’這和傳統以塑料薄膜作為基 而站j結構有所不同。就供暖的效果與感覺而言，利用 =構，具有適當密度的網狀結構作為發熱元件時，兩 4著的差別。但是，就電力的祕而言，面狀結構 所1的電力會高於網狀結構所消耗的電力。 了 利用。面狀結構製成的PTC發熱元件僅能由印刷 料的早—面來發散熱能。相較之下，利用此處所 ^射的ί結構製成的PTC發熱元件可利用網狀結構的側面 身體的ΐ紅外線來提供熱能。舉例來說，#在不直接接觸 網狀社構=置退紅外線反射材料時，便能夠反射已通過 外線而直接加以利用，所以能使遠紅外線 J係指能夠提供與面狀結 結構。一般而言，當網狀 所渭「適當密度的網狀結構 構相近或實質上相近供暖效果的 201117237 時’使用者很難感覺到熱度，所以要有卜 的放射密度。在進杆τ 一么& 文另r口田 覆蓋面積只要能達整辦狀後，發_狀結構的 供暖效果。魏斜面的至少鳩，即可提供適當的 成功貫驗過程中進—步發現，利用此種網狀結構， 降低了 PTC發熱元件在供暖時的消耗功 結構發熱密度降為面狀結構的聽，理論： 二€=會；成20%。如此-來，在使用相同電池的情 形下’ _此處提㈣可撓式PTC發熱 ”_供暖效果。從另_個角度來看，還可縮 以提供適宜的供暖時間。因此，利用此處提出的可 發熱元件能夠輕㈣縮何攜式供㈣置的體積 與重1。 ' 苐8圖呈現了使用者穿戴第7圖所示衣物時，ρτ〇發 熱元件的耗電量隨時間的變化關係。在第8圖中，縱轴^ ptc發熱元件表面的發熱溫度，而橫軸則為試驗過程中的 φ 特定時間點（分別為2009年3月13日的19時、21時、 23時以及2〇〇9年3月14日的1時與3時）。 既有的可攜式供暖設備的使用時間設定為4小時，在 本試驗中，根據使用環境的不同，既有電池 Π小時以上。因此，可縮小電池的容量(與體積連).: = 供更為輕巧的可攜式供暖設備。 綜上所述，有效地利用根據本發明而開發出來的可撓 式PTC發熱元件的特徵，對於將PTC發熱元件貼附在人體 上等處來加以利用的情況’能夠提供一種適合於體型的可 20 201117237 撓式構造體，同時還兼具了高耐久性、高信賴性'高安全 性等特性。另一方面，由於其耗電量較低，使得可以提供 小型化、輕量化的空暖裝置，提升使用者在使用時的自在 性與便利性，並將PTC發熱元件本身具有的優異效果運用 於廣闊的世界中。 雖然本發明已以實施方式揭露如上，然其並非用以限 定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例 能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之說明如下： 第1圖為根據本發明一具體實施例之PTC發熱元件與 既有PTC發熱元件的電阻-溫度關係圖； 第2圖為根據本發明上述具體實施例之PTC發熱元件 的電阻-電流變化圖； 第3圖繪示了依照本發明一具體實施例的PTC發熱元 件的結構不意圖， 第4圖繪示了依照本發明另一具體實施例的PTC發熱 元件的外觀示意圖； 第5圖為依照本發明一具體實施例的PTC發熱元件的 耐久性試驗部分結果； 第6圖為第5圖所示的耐久性試驗在連續進行兩年後 的部分結果； 21 201117237 第7圖為將本發明一具體實施例的PTC發熱元件設於 衣物中並在受試者穿戴該衣物的環境下，記錄該PTC發熱 元件的溫度隨時間變化圖；以及 第8圖為將本發明一具體實施例的PTC發熱元件設於 衣物中並在受試者穿戴該衣物的環境下，記錄該PTC發熱 元件的耗電量隨時間變化圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 300 ··可撓式PTC發熱元件 305 :織物基材 310 :導線 315 :屬只保護層 400 :可橈式PTC發熱元件 410 :導線 420 :防水層 22- Aspect 'Because the above-mentioned PTC heating element is made of cotton cloth and tarpaulin|the same softness as the cloth, it is installed; on the wearing material, the wearer does not feel uncomfortable, and Work can be carried out. Since the fabric is proposed as a substrate for impregnating a PTC coating, these 5 will form a network structure. This is different from the conventional structure based on a plastic film. In terms of the effect and feeling of heating, when the mesh structure having an appropriate density is used as the heat generating element, the difference between the two is the same. However, in terms of the secret of electricity, the power of the planar structure 1 is higher than the power consumed by the mesh structure. Used. The PTC heating element made of a planar structure can only dissipate heat from the early face of the printing material. In contrast, a PTC heating element made using the structure of the ー here can utilize the infrared rays of the side body of the mesh structure to provide thermal energy. For example, when # is not in direct contact with the mesh structure = the infrared reflecting material is retracted, the reflection can be directly utilized by the outer line, so that the far infrared ray J can be provided with the planar junction structure. In general, when the mesh is "the appropriate density of the network structure is close to or substantially similar to the heating effect of 201117237", the user is hard to feel the heat, so there must be a radio density. & The other area of the r mouth field as long as it can reach the whole shape, the heating effect of the _-shaped structure. At least the 斜 of the Wei slope can provide a suitable success in the process of continuous inspection, using this network The structure reduces the consumption of the PTC heating element during heating. The heat density of the structure is reduced to a planar structure. The theory: 2 € = will; 20%. So - come, in the case of using the same battery ' _ here (4) Flexible PTC heating" _ heating effect. From another point of view, it can also be reduced to provide suitable heating time. Therefore, with the heat-generating component proposed here, it is possible to lightly (4) reduce the volume and weight of the portable (four). The 苐8 diagram shows the relationship between the power consumption of the ρτ〇 heat generating element as a function of time when the user wears the clothing shown in Fig. 7. In Fig. 8, the vertical axis ^ ptc is the heating temperature on the surface of the heating element, and the horizontal axis is the φ specific time point during the test (19:00, 21:00, 23:00 and 2, respectively, on March 13, 2009) 1 1 March and 3 o'clock on March 14, 2009). The use time of the existing portable heating equipment is set to 4 hours. In this test, the battery is more than Π hours depending on the use environment. As a result, the battery capacity (with volume) can be reduced.: = For lighter portable heating. As described above, the feature of the flexible PTC heating element developed according to the present invention can be effectively utilized for attaching a PTC heating element to a human body or the like. 20 201117237 The flexible structure also combines high durability and high reliability with high safety. On the other hand, due to its low power consumption, it is possible to provide a small-sized, lightweight air-heating device, improve the user's freedom and convenience in use, and apply the excellent effects of the PTC heating element itself. In the vast world. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention can be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The scope is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more obvious, the description of the drawings is as follows: FIG. 1 is a PTC heating according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a resistance-current change diagram of a PTC heating element according to the above specific embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a resistance-current change diagram of a PTC heating element according to the above-described embodiment of the present invention; The structure of the PTC heating element is not intended. FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a PTC heating element according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the durability test part of the PTC heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention. Results; Fig. 6 is a partial result of the durability test shown in Fig. 5 after two consecutive years; 21 201117237 Fig. 7 is a view showing a PTC heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention in a garment and tested The temperature of the PTC heating element is recorded as a function of time in the environment in which the clothing is worn; and FIG. 8 is a PTC heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is placed in the clothing and tested. In the environment in which the clothing is worn, a graph of the power consumption of the PTC heating element with time is recorded. [Description of main components] 300 ··Flexible PTC heating element 305 : Fabric substrate 310 : Wire 315 : Only protective layer 400 : 桡 PTC heating element 410 : Wire 420 : Waterproof layer 22