TW201109786A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a liquid crystal display device comprises a plurality of pixels, and vertical alignment liquid crystal is sealed between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a second substrate having a common electrode, wherein, each pixel has a shape where the length along the column direction is longer than the length along the row direction; each pixel is divided into a first pixel region and a second pixel region in different area size by a boundary line which is configured to a V-shape along the row direction; one end of the first pixel region is cut into the second pixel region; and a preferential viewing angle of the first pixel region and a preferential viewing angle of the second pixel region are different.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal 颟=interval in which a vertical alignment type liquid crystal is sealed between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a second substrate having an electrode and an electrode. Y, 裒 [Prior Art] Liquid crystal display devices (hereinafter referred to as LCDs) have thin and low power consumption characteristics, and are now widely used in displays for computer monitors and portable information devices. The LCD is formed by encapsulating liquid crystal between a pair of substrates, and the electrodes formed on the respective substrates control the liquid crystal between the substrates by the line display, the LCD and the CRT (cathode ray tube) display, and the electric direction. Electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as £L) is different from excitation, thief, etc., and in principle, it cannot emit light by itself, so it is used for the observer due to the light source. It takes a lot of time to test the image, and it is still seven (3) τ. You use the bright electrode as the electrode of each substrate 'on the back and side of the liquid crystal display panel'; the liquid crystal panel controls the light transmission of the light source. Therefore, ', 4 makes the light around the 乂 dark, and can also be displayed brightly. However, since it is often [original, lighting, etc., there is a danger that the power consumption of the U due to the light source cannot be avoided" or that the light outside the house is very strong during the daytime. The characteristics of contrast. On the other hand, in the reflective disk LCD, 'the outside light such as the sun or the indoor lamp is used as the light source, and the light incident on the liquid crystal panel is also vacant, and the substrate is formed on the non-observation side. The reflective electrode reflects. Then, 317049D1D1 3 201109786 pixels control the amount of emitted light that is incident on the liquid crystal layer and reflected by the reflective electrode and emitted from the liquid crystal panel. This kind of reflective LCD uses external light as a light source'. Therefore, unlike a transmissive LCD, it has no low power consumption due to power consumption of the light source, and can be obtained when it is bright around the house. Contrast, on the contrary, has the property of not being able to see the display in the absence of external light. Herein, a display which can be easily viewed outside the house and which can be observed in a dark place has recently been proposed, and has been attracting attention, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 11-101992, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-255399 A transflective LCD having a reflective function and a light penetrating function disclosed in the publication. The transmissive LCD achieves both a penetrating function and a reflecting function by providing a transmissive region and a reflective region ′ in a pixel region. In this way, it is useful to use the above-described transflective LCD as a display system such as a portable information device, since it can have both the visibility of the outside and the visibility in the dark. However, in the portable information device or the like, the assumed observation state is various. In order to realize the display of the 咼 quality even in various observation states (especially various observation angles), it is necessary to enlarge the viewing angle. In addition, since the semi-transparent LCD system divides a pixel into a transmissive area and a reflective area to achieve semi-transparency, the penetration characteristics and reflection characteristics of one pixel are lower than that of the transmissive LCD or reflection. In order to improve the display quality of each display area (transparent area, reflective area), it is necessary to have a higher contrast regardless of the area. However, with respect to the transflective LCD, it is only possible to improve the structure of the function and reflection function of the 317049D1D1 4 201109786, and it is not yet necessary to increase the display angle and improve the contrast. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to achieving a transflective LCD and a color Lc. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention can realize a semi-transmissive LCD as described above, and has the following structure: a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels and having a plurality of pixel electrodes The common electrode has a vertical alignment type liquid crystal in which the shape of each pixel is longer than: the length of the direction is long; each pixel is complemented by a first pixel region and a single region extending in the column direction, and f (4) is different in area The end of the first pixel region is formed by cutting into the second silly= domain; the priority viewing angle of the first region is different from the priority viewing angle of the _region. In the other inventions of the present invention, the priority viewing angle of the pixel region is perpendicular to the row direction; the preferential viewing angle of the second region is perpendicular to the column direction. In the other luminescence, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into two in the second pixel region, and the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into two different regions. In another aspect of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device, in a pixel region of 317049D1D1 5 201109786, the liquid crystal alignment direction is controlled to be in a direction perpendicular to the direction 'in the foregoing second pixel region, liquid crystal alignment The direction is controlled to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the column direction. According to still another aspect of the present invention, in a liquid crystal display device, an area of the pixel region is smaller than an area of the second pixel region. In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device has two or more pixels, and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal is sealed between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a second substrate having a common electrode. The shape of each image = the length of the row direction is longer than the length of the column direction; each pixel is divided into a first pixel region and an f-pixel region having different areas by a boundary line extending along the ^ ^ direction; In the region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into four different regions', and in the second pixel region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into four different regions. Further, in another aspect of the invention, a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that four alignment directions in the first pixel region are the same as four alignment directions in the second pixel region. The other aspect of the present invention is a liquid crystal display device in which the four regions of the first-pixel region and the liquid crystal regions of the four regions of the second pixel region have the same preferential viewing angle. In another aspect of the invention, a liquid crystal display device is characterized in that an area of the first pixel region is smaller than an area of the second pixel region. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings (hereinafter referred to as 317049D1D1 6 201109786 [Embodiment 1]. FIG. 1 shows a semi-transmissive active matrix as a semi-transmissive LCD of the present embodiment. (Active matrix) The basic cross-sectional structure of the LCD. The semi-transmissive LCD of the present embodiment has a plurality of pixels, and the first and second electrodes 32 and 32 are formed on the opposite surface sides of each other. 2 The substrate is bonded so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer 4 其 therebetween. At the same time, a transparent region 21 is formed in each pixel region, and a blood-reflecting region 220 〇 ' is formed, and a negative dielectric anisotropy is used. The vertical alignment type liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal layer 400, and the alignment control unit 5 (the alignment division P) alignment control unit 50 for dividing the plurality of pixel regions into the plurality of alignment regions is provided on the second substrate side or the first substrate. 0 is constituted, for example, by a projection 51 〇〇 protruding from the liquid crystal layer 4 as shown in FIG. 1 , an inclined portion 52 〇 , and an electrodeless portion composed of a gap of the pixel electrode 200 in the second diagram ( And as described A transparent substrate such as glass is used for the first and second substrates 1 and 300. On the first substrate 100 side, indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Zinc Oxide) or the like is used. Transparent conductive! The raw metal oxide is a first electrode and a thin film transistor 1 connected to the pixel electrode 200 (not shown.) A vertical alignment type alignment film 260 is formed on the entire first substrate 100 covering the pixel electrode 200. The alignment film 26 is made of, for example, polyimide or the like, and the frictionless type is used in the present embodiment L. (rubbingless), the initial alignment of the liquid crystal (electrical 317049D1D1 7 201109786 alignment in the non-applied state) is perpendicular to the plane direction of the film. Furthermore, by the structure shown in FIG. 5 (specifically as described later), A transparent region 210 composed only of the transparent electrode and a reflective region 220 formed with a reflective film or a reflective electrode formed by laminating the transparent electrode are provided in a formation region of one pixel electrode 200. In the second substrate 300 in which the liquid crystal layer 400 is sandwiched between the first and second substrates 300, the R, 〇, and B color filter layers 330r' 330g and 330b are first formed in the corresponding predetermined surface on the side opposite to the liquid crystal. Further, 'a light-shielding layer (here, a *-color color filter layer) 330BM for preventing light leakage between pixels is provided in a gap (a gap of a pixel region) of each of the color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b. The color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b are formed with a gap adjusting portion 340 made of a light-transmitting material so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (the cell gap) in the region facing the reflective region 22 of each pixel The dr is smaller than the thickness (cell gap) dt of the liquid crystal layer in the penetration region 21A by a desired value Qr < dt). The gap adjusting portion 34 has a thickness in which the incident light passes through the liquid crystal layer/〇" human penetration region 210 and passes through the secondary reflection region 220, and the second corresponds to obtaining the most suitable transmittance and reflectance. The required liquid crystal f degree d is set differently. Therefore, for example, it is determined that the liquid crystal layer degree d '俾 is such that the penetration area 21 of the gap adjustment portion 34 is not provided: the most suitable transmittance" and in the reflection area 220, there is an expectation by setting f Between the thicknesses (4) the entire portion 340, so that the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer of the small penetration region 10 can be obtained. It is possible to use TM and pole 32G in the same manner as the above-described pixel electrode 200 to cover the entire electrode of the second substrate 300 having the gap adjusting portion 340, which is the same as the above-mentioned pixel electrode 200. A conductive metal oxide is formed. In the present embodiment, the φ and the portion are arranged to form a protrusion on the common electrode 320 to form an alignment direction=the direction in which the alignment direction is in the region, and the alignment control unit 500 is divided into the liquid crystal regions. . In this case, the insulation "Example: From" can be used as the conductivity or the insulation case. And 1: the acrylic acid matrix resin and the like can form the desired region of the penetration region 2 and the portion 51G respectively The Λ and the reflective region 220 are formed in each of the pixel regions. The type I 51° and the common electrode 32° must be formed with or without friction, and the 〃 is aligned with the first substrate. The alignment is such that the alignment aligns the liquid crystal to the liquid crystal. The position is perpendicular to the plane direction of the film (four), and the position is formed to reflect the protrusion. Therefore, at the position where the protrusion 510 is formed, the liquid helium is aligned perpendicular to the slope of the alignment film 26 of the money-raising portion 51G. L divides the alignment direction of the liquid crystal by the protrusion 51〇. Further, in the centroid, the gap adjusting portion provided on the second substrate side is provided. The side surface is inclined to a tapered shape, and the upper portion 260 covering the gap adjusting portion 340 also continues the inclined surface to form a slope. The liquid crystal is also ::4 in the direction perpendicular to the inclined surface, and the slope of the gap adjusting portion 34 is also used as the alignment control unit 500. In the transflective LCD shown in Fig. 1, a linear polarizing plate (first polarizing plate) 112, 317049D1D1 9 201109786, and a λ / 4 phase difference plate are provided on the first substrate 100 (on the side of the light source 600). The wide-wavelength band and the four-plate (first phase difference plate) 111 which are combined with the λ / 2 phase difference plate constitute a wide-wavelength-region circular polarizing plate 11 from the linear polarizing plate 112 and the phase difference plate 111. A phase difference plate 310 having a negative refractive index anisotropy is provided on the outer side (observation side) of the second substrate 300 as an optical compensation plate, and a wide combination of a /4 phase plate and a λ/2 phase plate is repeatedly provided. The wavelength band ^ / 4 plate (second phase difference plate) 111 and the linear polarizing plate (second polarizing plate) 112 are the same as the first substrate side, and the linear polarizing plate 112 and the phase difference plate constitute a wide band circle. The polarizing plate 110. Here, the arrangement relationship of the optical elements can be as shown in an example of the lower part of Fig. 1, and the axis of the first polarizing plate is arranged at 45°. The retardation axis of the first λ /4 plate is arranged at 90. , the second; the I/4 board has a slow phase axis configuration of 180. The axis of the second polarizing plate is 135. . The linear polarizing plate 112 that is emitted from the light source 600 and penetrates the linear polarizing plate 112 on the side of the first substrate 1 and in the direction of the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 112 is made to have a phase difference in the first 1/4 plate 111. It deviates from /4 and becomes circularly polarized. Here, in the present embodiment, in order to improve the utilization efficiency (penetration ratio) of light in the liquid crystal cell, at least for any of r, G, and β having different wavelengths, it is possible to use λ. The circularly polarized light obtained by both the /4 phase plate and the λ/2 phase plate as the wide-wavelength band λ/4 plate ill ^ is incident on the liquid crystal layer 400 through the pixel electrode 2 in the penetration region 210. In the transflective LCD of the present embodiment, as described above, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy (? ε < 0) is used in the liquid crystal layer 400' and a vertical alignment type alignment film is used. Therefore, in the non-applied state of the voltage, the direction is perpendicular to the direction of the plane of the film 26G perpendicular to the distribution of 10 317049D1D1 201109786, and as the applied voltage increases, the long axis direction of the liquid crystal is formed and formed on the pixel electrode 2 The electric field between the crucible and the common electrode is inclined perpendicularly to the plane direction of the substrate. When no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 400, the polarization state does not change in the liquid crystal layer 400 and directly reaches the circularly polarized light. In the second substrate, when the second input/fourth plate 111 eliminates the circularly polarized light and becomes a linear deviation I, the second polarizing plate 112 is disposed so as to be linearly polarized from the two λ/4 plates 111. The direction of the vertical direction is such that the linearly polarized light cannot penetrate the second polarizing plate 112 which is perpendicular to the transmission axis (polarization axis) of the i-th polarizing plate ι 2, and the display becomes black. After the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 400 , the liquid crystal layer 400 makes in The circularly polarized light produces a phase difference, for example, a reversed circular polarization, an elliptically polarized light, or a linearly polarized light, which is further shifted by the second 1/4 plate lu for the obtained light; 1/4 phase, thereby becoming a linearly polarized light (parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate), elliptically polarized light, and circularly polarized light, the polarized light has a component along the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate ❿112, and light corresponding to the component is emitted from the second polarizing plate 112 toward the observation side. Further, the phase difference plate 310 is a negative retarder (negauVe retarder), which can improve the optical characteristics when viewing the LCD from an oblique direction, and improve the viewing angle. Instead of the negative retarder (310) and the λ/4 plate 111, a two-axis phase difference plate having one of the two functions can be used, whereby the thickness of the LCD can be reduced and the transmittance can be improved. As described above, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 400 (the liquid crystal cell 317049D1D1 11 201109786 gap) d which substantially controls the transmittance of light is set to be different between the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 220 by the gap adjustment portion 340. Between expectations The main reason is that the light-transmitting region 210 penetrates the liquid crystal layer 400 from the light source provided on the back surface side of the LCD (the first substrate 1 side in FIG. 1) from the second substrate 300 side. The amount of light (transmission rate) emitted to the outside is controlled to be displayed, and in the reflection region 220, the light incident from the observation side of the LCD toward the liquid crystal layer 400 is reflected by the reflection film provided in the formation region of the pixel electrode 200. The amount of light (the reflectance of the LCD) emitted from the second substrate side toward the observation side is controlled to be reflected and reflected again, and the number of times of penetration of the liquid crystal layer is different. That is, since the light system penetrates the liquid crystal layer 400 twice in the reflective region 220', the cell gap dr must be set smaller than the cell gap dt of the penetrating region 210. In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the above-mentioned dr < dt is achieved by providing p + between the desired thicknesses and the adjustment portion 340 only in the reflection regions 220 of the respective regions. The entire circumference 340 of the gap 5 is not particularly limited as long as it has light transmittance and can be formed into a desired thickness. For example, an acrylic resin or the like which is also used as a flattened insulating layer or the like can be used. When the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 is used as a portion (inclined portion 520) of the alignment control portion 500 as described above, at least the taper angle must be not 90 degrees with respect to the plane of the substrate. The reason is that if the taper angle is 90 degrees or more, the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed on the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340, and the common electrode 32A and the alignment film 26 formed on the gap adjusting portion 340 are also covered. Become inadequate. In addition, the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 has no effect on the display itself. If the taper angle is too small, the side surface area of the gap adjusting portion 340 is increased, so that the aperture ratio of the pixel, especially the period 317049D1D1 12 201109786, is expected to be improved. The p-sum rate of the reflective area of the brightness decreases. Therefore, the tapered cone w on the side of the whole portion 340 is better as the upper layer of the upper layer of the money, and the coverage of the 260 is lowered, and the alignment of the liquid crystal can be performed, and the angle of the liquid crystal is lowered. Specifically, it is preferably 30 degrees to 8 degrees. Between the angles of the taper cones, the above-mentioned acrylic resin is used. Then, the intermixing initiator 'I poly: the polymerization agent is added to the acrylic resin to adjust the polymerization characteristics, etc., and the manufacturing conditions of the r-integration, the side of the exposure device adjusting portion 340 is a straight cone 2 = a straight taper angle . In order to make the gap, for example, the material may be adjusted in addition to this, the example: ^^ fl〇W> money: the oxygen near the surface of the adjusting portion (10) is less, so the X is also due to the side of the substrate far from the surface. It is easy to remove the suppressing effect during development and continues to harden by polymerization, and the narrower the width of the skewed cone. On the surface side of the insulating layer 38, the more the device is formed, the more the device is used, and the exposure device is used, for example, in the proximity exposure gap adjusting portion forming region == fruit, and the gap adjusting portion 340 is cut. In the body flow, two go = handle shank. , 仏·. After the beam, for example by 80. (: to 80 317049DID1 13 201109786 °C temperature, baking 1 to 2 〇 min (for example, 12 (TC, 8 min), so that the upper side and the side of the entire circumference 340 of the gap 5 fused, smoothing the surface, At the same time, a tapered cone is formed by the side surface depending on the shape change of the surface tension of the molten material itself. Here, the organic material used for the gap adjusting portion or the like is known to have a g line indicating the exposure light source ( Materials such as 436 nm), h line (405) nm, and i line (248 nm) sensitivity, the organic material having sensitivity to the i line has a taper angle as much as 90 degrees or more (reverse taper). Therefore, in this embodiment In the form, the material of the gap adjusting portion has a sensitivity to the g-line and the h-line, and it is easy to form a slant-cone acrylic resin. In the present embodiment, in the pixel region, the penetration region 21 is reflected and reflected. The region 220 changes the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer, and simultaneously changes the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer for pixels of R, G, and B having different wavelengths (however, the common gap can be set in R, G, and B according to the characteristics of the LCD) In the example of figure j, by forming separately The thicknesses of the color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b of the R, G, and B sides on the second substrate 300 side are respectively changed, thereby achieving the gap d of all of R, G, and B. It is not limited to changing the thickness of the color filter layer. In the configuration, the gap adjusting portion 340' may also be provided in the penetration region 210 to change the thickness of the gap adjusting portion 340 in the penetration region 21〇 and the reflection region 22 of each of the R, G, and B. In R, G, and B, even if the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is not different from each other, depending on the characteristics of the LCD, for example, G and B are used for the same liquid crystal layer thickness, and only R is different from the other two colors. 'It is also possible to change only the d for B. The second figure shows that the pixels for R, G, and B have different gaps. 317049D1D1 14 201109786 He is composed (in the second figure, the composition of rt is shown in Fig. 2) The structure similar to that of Fig. 1 will not be described again. However, the first substrate is opened, the gap between R, G, and B is not changed on the substrate side, and the thickness of the insulating layer 38 is formed on the pixel electrode. The method of flattening the thickness of the lower layer of 2〇0 is, for example, B minus. Changing the insulating layer 38 - or a plurality of half exposures Target opening amount corresponding to the thickness of a single material to be exposed, without (iv) / the material comprising the planarizing insulating and sound of the photosensitive material R ancient particular ^ the addition of a special process can be formed in each of the R, G,

^ 5 thickness of the planarization insulating layer 38. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the reflective region has a reflective layer on the surface of the insulating layer 38 formed on the surface of the insulating layer 38 on the flat surface of the second insulating layer 38. The domain is formed in a flattened shape of "44", and the shape of the surface of the reflective layer 44 is formed by unevenness: the light emitted to the liquid crystal layer is scattered, and the display quality of the area is improved. Further, it is also possible to form the semi-exposure in which the planarizing insulating layer 38 is formed to have different thicknesses in the above-mentioned R, G, and ,, and to form the same in the reflective region of the planarizing insulating layer 38 without adding a process. The pixel electrode 200 and the TFT are connected to penetrate the contact hole of the planarization insulating layer 38. S " Next, the specific structure of each pixel of the transflective LCD of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 3 is a view showing an example of a planar structure of a transflective LCD of the present embodiment, Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a B along the third drawing. The basic cross-sectional structure of the B' line, and Fig. 6 shows the specific configuration of the pixel electrode 200 of Fig. 3 and a thin film transistor connected thereto. In the plane configuration shown in Fig. 3, the individual pattern of each pixel is 317049D1D1 15 201109786. The pixel electrode 2GG has an elongated hexagonal pattern in the vertical scanning direction of the screen (the lower direction in Fig. 3), and is contained in the longitudinal direction. In the region of the square shape (diamond or square in the figure) surrounded by oblique lines in the figure, as shown in Fig. 6, a reflection film is selectively formed, and a reflection region 220 is provided. Further, the remaining area of the hexagonal pixel electrode 2 is approximately the shape of the penetrating region 21A. As can be understood from Fig. 4, the gap adjusting layer 340 is formed on the second substrate so that the thickness (cell gap) dr of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region 22 is smaller than the gap dt in the transmissive region 21A. 300 is formed on the common electrode 320 in the example of Fig. 4. The end portion in the pixel of the gap adjusting layer 340 is disposed at a position along the lower side of the quadrangular reflecting region 220 which is substantially line symmetrical with the two upper sides of the hexagonal pixel electrode 200. Further, in the horizontal scanning direction (the horizontal direction in the drawing) of the quadrangular reflection region 220, the reflection region 220 is divided into the upper and lower sides in the horizontal scanning direction in the horizontal scanning direction (in the second substrate 300 (specifically, 4 is a gap adjusting portion 340) in which a projection portion 51 Or having a triangular cross section is formed. Further, although not shown in Fig. 4, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the vertical alignment film 260 is covered on the entire surface of the second substrate 300 including the protrusion portion 510 and the gap adjusting portion 340. Of course, the vertical alignment film 260 is formed on the entire surface side of the pixel electrode 200 including the first substrate 1 side as in the first and second drawings. Therefore, in a state where a voltage is not applied between the pixel electrode 2A and the common electrode 320, the long axis direction (liquid crystal director) 410 of the liquid crystal is perpendicular to the plane direction 317049D1D1 16 201109786 of the vertical alignment film 260. Ground alignment. Thereby, on the side of the second substrate 300, on the inclined surface of the protrusion portion 51 and the gap adjusting portion 340, the liquid crystal is directed toward the inclined surface of the alignment film 26 which is formed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal with respect to the slanting surface. Vertical alignment. Therefore, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the alignment angles 51 of the liquid crystals are aligned with the projections 51〇r which divide the reflection region 220 into the upper and lower positions, and the alignment angles (alignment directions) of the liquid crystals are different from each other by 18 〇. The area. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5, in the penetrating region 210 of the arrow feather shape, the position of the elongated hexagonal pixel electrode (four) is equally divided in the vertical scanning direction (horizontal scanning direction) in the vertical scanning direction. (corresponding to the arrowhead of the arrow feather.) The protrusion on the second substrate_ side (specifically, on the common electrode 320) is formed in a triangular shape with a triangular cross section 51〇, although in the fifth figure and the 4, the same is omitted, but the vertical alignment film 26〇 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is formed on the contact surface with the liquid crystal on both the second substrate 300 side and the first earth plate 1GG side. The penetration region 2 is also defined by the protrusions 51()t formed on the second substrate_, and the liquid crystals are directed to the alignment direction (orthogonal orientation) to be 180. The direction. In the case of the present embodiment, not only the above-mentioned projections and slopes but also the non-electrode region 53 are used. As an alignment control, in the example of Fig. 3 to Fig., the pixel electrode 200 disposed on the first substrate_ side is used as the electrodeless portion 530 for alignment control. Under the electric field, as in the case of Γ = Γ, the end of the electrodeless part (ie, the end of the electrode): tilted toward the way of ==, = 317049D1D1 17 201109786 widening. Then, the short axis of the liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy is aligned along the oblique power line. Therefore, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the initial vertical alignment state with the rise of the applied voltage to the liquid crystal is The tilting electric field is determined. The hexagonal pixel electrode 2A shown in Fig. 3 has an end portion of the pixel electrode 200, i.e., an electrodeless portion 530 having at least six sides. Therefore, the liquid crystal pointing 410 is at least in the reflective region 220 due to the action of the protrusions 510 (51〇r, 51〇t) and the slope 520, and the electrodeless portion 53〇 around the pixel electrode 2〇〇. Two alignment regions are formed, and two alignment regions of the alignment orientation different from any of the two regions of the reflection region 220 are formed in the penetration region 210, that is, a total of four regions having different alignment directions are formed. . More specifically, the liquid crystal pointing 410 is controlled so that the plane component (alignment azimuth angle) is perpendicular to the extending direction of the projection portion 51 and the extending direction of the edge of the electrode (electrodeless portion). Therefore, even in the above four alignment regions, the alignment azimuths of the liquid crystals in their respective regions are not completely the same. For example, in FIG. 3, in the middle of the vertical scanning direction of the penetration region 210, the liquid crystal pointing 410 is aligned with respect to the protrusion 51 〇t and the edge of the pixel electrode 2 延伸 extending in the vertical scanning direction. The direction of the vertical. However, in the penetration region 21, for example, the reflection region is shifted, and the inclined portion (projection portion) 52 of the gap adjustment portion 34 is overlapped with the projection portion 51〇t of the field 210 at an angle of more than 9 degrees. And the sin is close to the inclined portion 52A of the gap adjusting portion 34, and the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal in the vicinity of the intersection is changed from the direction of the 317049D1D1 18 201109786 perpendicular to the extending direction of the protruding portion 510 to the inclined portion 520 The direction of extension is perpendicular to the direction. However, in an alignment region, as will be described later, the direction in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is changed (or the maximum angle) is set to be smaller, thereby setting the direction in which the alignment control unit 500 extends. The indefinite position of the alignment region produces a boundary (disciination line) of a region in which the alignment angles of the liquid crystals are different. Next, the relationship between the extending direction of the alignment control unit 500 and the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal in each pixel position in the pixel region will be described. Since the liquid crystal molecules have no characteristic difference in the direction of the major axis, the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the protrusion 510t of the penetration region 210 and the liquid crystal controlled by the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 crossing the protrusion 510t The angular difference of the azimuth angle is smaller than 90 degrees. In the example of FIG. 3, the angle of intersection between the protrusion 510 and the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 is about 135 degrees. For this, the difference in alignment angle of the liquid crystal It is 45 degrees. In this case, the protrusion 510t and the gap adjustment unit 340 are described as an example. However, there is a case where the intersection is not physically crossed. In the present specification, the intersection means that the respective extension lines intersect, and further, when When disposed on different substrates, it means that the extension lines of the respective extension lines cross the projection line of the same substrate plane. In addition, the angle of intersection between the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 and the side of the pixel electrode 200 of the penetrating region 210 is used (however, since the inclined portion 520 and the pixel electrode 200 are not formed on the same substrate, respectively, The angle of intersection of the projection lines toward the same substrate plane is about 45 degrees in the example of Fig. 3. The alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the inclined portion 52 19 317049D1D1 201109786 The angle of the azimuth angle with the liquid crystal controlled by the edge of the pixel electrode 200 is still 90 degrees or less, which is an angle smaller than 45 degrees. The angle of intersection of the protrusion 510t near the lower end of the penetration region 210 and the edge of the pixel electrode 200 toward the substrate plane is 45 degrees here, because the same liquid crystal molecules have no upper and lower characteristics difference as described above, so in the cross-attachment The difference in the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal is smaller than 90 degrees, and here, it is 45 degrees or less. There is also a region in the penetration region 210 where the sides of the pixel electrode 200 cross each other. In the example of Fig. 3, the side extending in the vertical scanning direction is the side extending from the vertex crossing the protrusion 510 toward the side along the vertical scanning direction, and the angle of intersection between the two sides is larger than 90 degrees. This is 135 degrees. The difference in the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal at the intersection is still due to the fact that the liquid crystal molecules have no difference in upper and lower characteristics, and therefore are also smaller than 90 degrees and are 45 degrees. Similarly, in the reflection region 220, the projection line (including the extension line) of the alignment control unit 500 toward the substrate plane and the other alignment control unit 500 intersect the projection line (including the extension line) of the same substrate plane to make the liquid crystal The alignment control unit 500 is provided such that the difference in the azimuth angle is smaller than 90 degrees. In other words, first, the projections 510 r that are vertically divided in the alignment direction in the reflection region 220 are intersected with the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjustment portion 340 that intersects the end portion of the pixel electrode 2000 at an angle of less than 90 degrees. The angular difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal in the intersecting region is controlled to be less than 45 degrees below 90 degrees. The angle of intersection of the protrusion 510r with the edge of the pixel electrode 200 of the reflective region 220 (the angle of intersection of the projection line toward the plane of the substrate) also controls 20 317049D1D1 201109786 to be less than 90 degrees, and the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal of the intersections The angular difference is also controlled to be less than 45 degrees less than 90 degrees as described above. As described above, when the alignment control unit 500 intersects the projection lines on the plane of the substrate, the alignment control is determined such that the difference in the azimuth angles of the liquid crystals controlled by the alignment control unit 500 is less than 90 degrees. The portion 500 (the protrusion portion 510, the inclined portion 520, and the electrodeless portion (in the example of Fig. 3, the shape of the pixel electrode 200) 530). Thereby, it is possible to surely prevent the occurrence of the disclination line at an indefinite position in one of the areas divided by the alignment control unit 500. Further, at a position where the sides of the pixel electrode 200 of the reflection region 220 intersect each other (in the vicinity of the apex of the uppermost portion in the vertical scanning direction of the pixel electrode 200 in FIG. 3) and the inclined portion by the gap adjusting portion 340 520 The intersection between each other (near the V-joint), in the example of Figure 3, the angle of intersection is 90 degrees. Of course, it is better to set the crossing angle to be less than 90 degrees or more than 90 degrees from the above viewpoint, but since the area of the diamond-shaped reflecting area 220 is small as compared with the penetrating area 210, it is possible to prevent φ from being indefinite The position produces a disclination line. Since the liquid crystal in the reflection region 220 strongly receives the alignment control by the side of the protrusion 51 Or, the inclined portion 420, and the pixel electrode 200, the intersection of the side of the electrode 200 connected to the reflection region 220 and the gap adjusting portion 340 are used. There is no physical alignment control unit 500 on the oblique line of the rhombic reflection region 220 at the intersection of the inclined surface 520. However, the adjacent alignment control unit 500 receives the equal control and the influence of the continuous body of the liquid crystal controlled in the vertical direction with respect to the extending direction of the protrusion 51 Or, and the liquid crystal of the position points to the plane of 410. The component is shown in Fig. 3, 21 317049D1D1 201109786, indicating 'being in the direction of the vertical scanning direction. Then, as the end portion of the pixel electrode in the horizontal scanning direction approaches from the position, the liquid crystal is affected by the edge of the pixel electrode 2 (530) and the extending direction of the slope 52 〇 of the gap adjusting portion 340 and the protrusion 510r. It is controlled to be slightly offset from the direction perpendicular to the extending direction (less than 90 degrees, and less than 45 degrees in the example of Fig. 3). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the disclination line at an indefinite position even in the reflection area 22A. Next, as shown in Fig. 6, a configuration and a manufacturing method of the pixel electrode 2A and the thin film transistor TFT connected to the pixel electrode will be described. In the present embodiment, as described above, a so-called active matrix type LCD in which each pixel has a thin film transistor is formed, and as shown in Fig. 6, the pixel electrode 200 and the substrate 1 formed on the side of the second substrate 1? The thin film transistor TFT is formed between the turns. In addition, in order to efficiently arrange the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 220 in a pixel region as much as possible, in particular, the aperture ratio of the penetration region is not lowered, so that it is generally formed in the light-shielding region in the penetration type lcd. The TFT is disposed in the reflective region 220 which does not affect the aperture ratio even if the TFT is provided. In the present embodiment, a top gate type is used as the TFT, and a polycrystalline germanium (p to Si) obtained by multi-crystallization of amorphous austenite (a-S i) by laser annealing is used as an active layer. 20. Of course, the TFT is not limited to the top gate t P Si ' or the bottom gate type, and the active layer can also be used. The source of the TFT active layer 2' and the impurity doped with the polar regions 20s and 20d may be any of a conductive type and a P conductive type. However, in the present embodiment, phosphorus is doped. The n-oh type of η conductivity type impurity. 317049D1D1 22 201109786

The active layer 20 of the TFT is covered by a gate insulating film 3, and a gate electrode 32 made of a high-melting-point metal material such as Cr or Mo and serving as a gate line is formed on the gate insulating film 30. After the gate electrode 32 is formed, the gate electrode 32 is used as a mask to form source and drain regions 2〇s, 2〇d for doping the impurities in the active layer 2, and to form The channel area 20c is not doped with impurities. Next, an interlayer insulating film 34 is formed by covering the entire TFT 〇, and after the interlayer insulating film 34 is formed with a contact hole, an electrode material is formed, and the source electrode 4 分别 is connected to the p Si active layer 20 through the contact hole. The source region is 2〇s, and the drain electrode is connected to the pole region. Further, in the present embodiment, the gate electrode 36 serves as a signal line for supplying a data signal corresponding to the display content to each of the TFTs 11G. On the other hand, the source (four) electrode 40 is connected to the first electrode 200 as a pixel electrode as will be described later. Further, both the gate electrode % and the source electrode 4 are made of a south conductivity such as A1 or the like. After the source electrode 40 and the electrode electrode 36 are formed, the substrate is entirely covered and becomes a flat insulating film 38 made of a resin material such as an acrylic resin. A hole is formed in a region where the source electrode 4G of the flat insulating film 38 is formed, and a metal layer for connection is formed in the contact hole, and the source 40 and the metal layer 42 are connected. When the source electrode 4 is made of germanium or the like, the layer 4 is made of a metal material such as Mo. It becomes a good ohmic contact with the gold U Γ. Furthermore, it is also possible to omit the source contact layer 42 and the TFT 11° active layer 2° phase-touch' and the W metal can establish an ohmic connection with the semiconductor material 317049D1D1 23 201109786 into the layer of the connection metal layer 42 4 • After the bell is applied, the reflective material layer having a good reflection characteristic such as Ab Nd alloy or Al is used for the laminated reflection layer in the entire substrate. The layer of the reflective material layer is removed from the vicinity of the source region of the TFT (the region in which the metal layer 42 is formed), and does not interfere with the contact between the metal layer 42 and the pixel electrode 2 后面 and tft formed later and simultaneously (10) The removal 俾 does not remain in the penetration region, and a reflective layer 44 of a diamond pattern is formed in the reflection region 220 of each pixel as shown in FIG. 3 described above. Further, in order to prevent leakage current from being generated by irradiating light to the TFT (especially, the channel region 20c), and in order to maximize the reflectable region (i.e., display region), in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. The reflective layer 44 is also actively formed in the region above the channel of the TFT 11 . When the patterning of the reflective layer 44 is performed, the metal layer 42 composed of the above M〇 or the like has a sufficient thickness (for example, 0.2 Å, and has sufficient resistance to the etching liquid. Therefore, the metal layer 42 is formed thereon. After the reflective layer 44 is subjected to etch removal, the metal layer 42 may not be completely removed and remain in the contact hole. Further, in many cases, the source electrode 40 or the like is made of the same material as the reflective layer 44 (A1, etc.) In the case where the metal layer 42 is not present, the source electrode 40 is immersed in the remaining layer of the reflective layer 44 to cause disconnection or the like. However, the present embodiment can be tolerated by providing the metal layer 42. The patterning of the reflective layer 44 can maintain a good electrical connection with the source electrode 40. After the patterning of the reflective layer 44, the entire surface of the substrate containing the reflective layer 44 is coated by sputtering a transparent conductive layer. Here, as described above, the surface of the reflective layer 44 composed of A1 or the like is covered with an insulating natural oxide film at this time, and the surface of the isothermal melting point metal is not exposed even in the sputtering environment, 317049D1D1 24 201109786 ' Will oxidize. Therefore, The exposed metal layer 42 of the contact region may have an ohmic contact with the transparent conductive layer for the pixel electrode laminated on the metal layer 42. Further, after the film is formed, the transparent conductive layer is independent of each pixel, and The pixel region 200 is formed by patterning into an elongated hexagonal shape, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, in a pixel region. The pixel electrode 200 is patterned and covered. An alignment film 260 made of polyimide or the like is formed on the entire surface of the substrate to complete the first substrate side. Then, R, G, and B as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are formed on the second substrate 300. The color filter layer, the common electrode 320, the gap adjusting portion 340, the protrusions 510 (510r, 510t), and the alignment film 260 formed by covering the elements, and the second substrate 300 and the first substrate 100 are fixed. The spacers are separated and bonded to the peripheral portion of the substrate, and the liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates to obtain an LCD. Further, in the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the common electrode 320 formed on the second substrate 300 side is formed. In the gap adjustment unit 340 The layer Φ is formed at a desired position of the common electrode 320. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, the common electrode 320 may be formed below the gap adjusting portion 340 as shown in FIG. 4 ( Actually, between the color filter layer formed on the second substrate 300 and the gap adjusting portion 340. When the gap adjusting portion 340 is very thick, as shown in FIG. 4, the common electrode 320 is formed under the gap adjusting portion 340. Thereafter, the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 410 becomes lower, but in the case where a very high voltage is applied between the common electrode 320 and the pixel electrode 200, or in the case where the gap adjusting portion 340 is not too thick The composition shown in Fig. 4 can also be used. 25 317049D1D1 201109786 Next, another example of the configuration of each pixel of the transflective LCD of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 7 is a basic plan configuration of a semi-transmissive type lcd of another example, and Fig. 8 is a basic sectional structure of the line along c-c of Fig. 7. Further, along D-D of Fig. 7, the basic cross-sectional structure of the line is the same as that of the basic cross-sectional structure shown in Fig. 5. The same as the above-mentioned FIG. 3 is that the shape of the pixel electrode 240 is rectangular in the example of FIG. 7, and in the area of each of the penetrating region 210 and the reflecting region 220, A projection portion _ which is a slightly U-shaped portion is formed at a position corresponding to the quadrangular oblique side thereof, and serves as an alignment control portion 500. According to the alignment control unit 5, in the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 220, the projections 51〇t and 51〇r are used as the boundary, and four regions in which the alignment directions of the liquid crystals are different are formed, thereby further expanding. Perspective. Further, as described above, the alignment control unit 500 of the inclined surface portion 520 by the gap adjustment portion 34 is formed on the second substrate 300 side at the boundary between the penetration regions 21A in the pixel region, and the oblique portion is simultaneously formed 52 〇 and an electrodeless portion (slit: window s) 53 extending in the horizontal scanning direction is formed on the pixel electrode 200. Therefore, in the parent region of the penetration region 21A and the reflection region 22A, the initial alignment of the liquid crystal is controlled by the slope of the gap adjustment portion 34 (the inclined portion 5 2 0) on the second electrode side. In the direction perpendicular to the inclined surface, the alignment of the liquid crystal is controlled to be different from the boundary of the electrodeless portion 530s by the inclination of the weak electric field as shown in FIG. 8 on the first substrate side by the electrodeless portion 53〇s. Direction angle. Therefore, the alignment of the liquid crystal in the vicinity of the boundary between the penetrating region 210 and the reflective electrode 220 can be more surely performed. 3I7049D1D1 26 201109786 . As described above, the number of patterns and the number of divisions of the alignment control unit 5 formed by the edge of the pixel electrode 200, the protrusion portion 51A, and the electrodeless portion 530s are different from those in the third embodiment. However, in the form shown in Fig. 7, the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the alignment control unit 5 is also the other than the projection line having the projection line with the alignment control unit 500 on the substrate plane. The angular difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the alignment control unit 500 is less than 9 degrees at any intersection. Therefore, ® can surely prevent the occurrence of a misalignment at an indefinite position in each of the divided alignment regions. In addition, by using the pattern ' of the alignment control unit 500 shown in the third figure and the seventh figure, the minimum number of alignment divisions can be achieved through the formation of the minimum alignment control unit 5; . In the vertical alignment type liquid crystal used in the present embodiment, it is displayed in black in a voltage non-applied state (ie, a vertical alignment state), and not only in the gap between the pixel electrodes 2, but also in other alignments. The position directly above the control unit 5 (the protrusion 51 〇, the slanted portion 520, and the slit 530 s) is almost in a state where a sufficient voltage is applied between the common electrode 320 and the pixel electrode 200, and the liquid crystal alignment state is hardly observed. Will change from the vertical alignment state without affecting the display. Therefore, the arrangement of the useless alignment control unit 5 causes [the aperture ratio of the CD to decrease. However, in the case of the design shown in Figs. 3 and 7 described above, the aperture ratio can be minimized, and the viewing angle can be enlarged and the display quality can be improved. Fig. 9 and Fig. ○ show other modifications of the configuration shown in Fig. 3, respectively. 27 317049D1D1 201109786 Firstly, in Fig. 9, all the pixel electrodes 25A are formed into an arrow shape, wherein the shape and configuration of the reflection area 220 are the same as those of the third figure, but the difference is that 'the pattern is added to the remaining penetration area. It is a drum type or a slightly hourglass shape that is arranged in the horizontal direction or a shape in which the M characters are connected in the upper and lower directions. The projection line of the protrusion 51Gt on the plane intersects the two sides of the pixel electrode 25 of the transparent region 210 intersecting the projection line on the same plane at an angle greater than 9 degrees (here, 135 degrees) . As described above, since the liquid crystal molecules have no characteristic difference in the long-axis direction, the difference in the alignment azimuth angle of the liquid crystal in the cross-region is still less than 9 4 4, and the position of the division and the protrusion 510t is at the same position. The angle between the two sides of the lower portion of the pixel electrode 25A extending toward the lower end of the two sides of the pixel electrode 250 extending in the vertical scanning direction and the side of the pixel f-pole 25Q along the vertical scanning direction is less than 9 degrees. The maximum difference in the alignment S-bit angle of the liquid crystal in this region is also less than 90 degrees (in the example of Fig. 9, it is smaller than 45 degrees). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the disclination line at the indefinite position in the two alignment regions in the penetration region 21A. In FIG. 10, the shape of the pixel electrode 252 is an arrow feather shape, and the shape of the penetration region 210 (arrow shape) and the configuration are the same as those of the third figure, but the remaining reflection regions 220 of the pixel electrode 252 of the arrow feather shape are The shape, and the position at which the protrusions 510r for dividing the alignment of the liquid crystals in the region are formed are different. That is, in the example of the first diagram, the reflection region 220 is also in the shape of an arrow with a short length, and the boundary between the reflection region 220 and the penetration region 210 is aligned by the V-shaped inclined portion 520 of the gap adjustment portion 340. The segmentation is formed on the substrate side (the gap adjustment portion) on the second 28 317 049 D1D1 201109786 substrate side on the line connecting the apex of the V-shaped vertices and the apex of the same V-shaped apex of the pixel electrode 252 in the reflection region 220 along the vertical scanning direction. The portion 51 〇r has the projection portion 51 〇r as a boundary, and the reflection region 220 is formed with two right and left alignment regions in the horizontal scanning direction. In this configuration, the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by which alignment control unit 5 is the other alignment control unit 5 that is a projection line that intersects the projection line of the alignment control unit 5 toward the substrate plane. The angular difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by 〇 satisfies the relationship of less than 9 degrees, so that good alignment can be performed. Next, the dependence of the driving voltage, the transmittance, and the wavelength of the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the present embodiment will be described. Figure 11 is a view showing the relationship between the applied voltage (v) and the transmittance (arbitrary unit) applied to the liquid crystal, and is an optical characteristic of the vertical alignment liquid crystal cell indicated by - in other words, when the structure of the liquid crystal cell is changed. The relationship between voltage and penetration. Among them, in the u-th picture, 纣 is 55〇nm (green). In the above formula (1), (del - n) is a birefringence (i.e., refractive index anisotropy) (Δη) of the liquid crystal layer, and d is a thickness of the liquid crystal layer (the cell gap is a wavelength of human light). In a small LCD such as a mobile phone, etc., it is desirable to further reduce power consumption and lower the driving voltage, etc., and it can be seen from the U-picture that, for example, in the liquid crystal cell having the value of (1) above, the maximum penetration is achieved. The applied voltage is about (10): if the value is U, 12 _, the drive (4) can be less than 3 V. When the same liquid crystal material and the same light source are used to adjust the d value, it can be performed very much. Low voltage drive, d value such as the i-th, the second figure, etc., can be made by the thickening of the _ adjustment part 34 〇, color filter, light layer coffee layer 38. 317049D1D1 29 201109786 △ In addition, 攸 type (〇 It is understood from the understanding of the "Wl" component that in the LCD of the present embodiment, the penetration characteristics have wavelength dependence. In Fig. 12, the thickness of all liquid crystal layers of each pixel of R, G, and B (cell gap) ^ When set to a certain value, the transmittance characteristic with respect to the applied voltage is for R (630nm) ), the difference between G (550 nm) and B (460 nm) light. In contrast, Fig. 13 shows that, for example, the color filter layers 330r, 330g are changed at each r, g, b as shown in Fig. The relationship between the applied pressure and the transmittance of the LCD is adjusted by the thickness of the liquid crystal cell gap d by the thickness of the 330b (adjustable by the thickness of the gap adjusting portion 34). As can be seen from Fig. 13, by the cell gap (four) , G, and Β are respectively set to the desired values, and the transmittance characteristics of the applied voltages of the R, G, and Β arbitrary lights for the corresponding pixels are the same. Therefore, by adopting such a configuration, it can be known that The above-mentioned FIG. 5 is less than the applied voltage ' and can drive R, G, and B with display signals of the same amplitude. In addition, FIGS. 14 and 15 show the application of chromaticity (CIEiX - γ coordinate). The voltage dependence is set to 1.5V, 2.0V, 2. 3V, and the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is set to be the same as in the case of R, G, and Β. 2. The change of chromaticity at 6V, 3.0V, Fig. 15 is the adjustment of the cell gap in R, G, B as shown in Fig. 13 In the LCD in which the chromaticity dependence of the change in the transmittance of the voltage is changed, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is also set to change in chromaticity at 15 V, 2. 〇 v, 2.3 V, 2 6 V, and 3. 0 V. As can be seen from the comparison between Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, by adjusting the cell gaps in R, G, and Β, the voltage dependence of the chromaticity change, that is, the chromaticity deviation when the voltage is applied, can be improved. In the case of driving in the voltage range, an LCD having a small chromaticity deviation can be realized. 30 317049D1D1 201109786 [Embodiment 2] Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described, that is, an aspect in which display quality is improved in color display. Hereinafter, the color display of the vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device will be described as an example. The vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device has a wide viewing angle characteristic and a high contrast characteristic' and has an advantage of eliminating the need for the rubbing treatment of the alignment film. In the related vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, since the liquid crystal has a characteristic of negative dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal have a characteristic of being oriented perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. The liquid crystal display device uses a vertical alignment film as an alignment film for controlling the initial alignment of the liquid crystal, and uses an organic material such as p〇lyimide or p〇lyamide as the vertical alignment film. material. In the vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules are controlled to face the normal direction of the substrate formed by the vertical alignment film by the vertical alignment film. When a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode to generate an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate φ, the liquid crystal molecules in the regions controlled by these electric fields are reversed in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. Thereby, the phase of the incident light transmitted to the liquid crystal changes. When the distance (10) between the substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal is made to d, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is regarded as Δη, and the wavelength of light is regarded as λ, the phase of the incident light transmitted to the liquid crystal is converted into Δικί/λ. Then, by passing the light that has passed through the liquid crystal through the polarizing plate attached to the substrate, the transmittance of the incident light can be changed, and a desired liquid crystal display can be obtained. In this case, for example, the polarizing plate is set, the black display is performed when no voltage is applied, and the transmittance of the incident light is made with a certain voltage (white voltage White) when the voltage is applied at 317049D1D1 31 201109786. maximum. With regard to such a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, a full-color vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device having pixels of RGB3 primary colors has recently been developed. However, in the full-color vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, since the wavelength of light passing through the color filter layers of different colors of the respective pixels of the RGB3 primary color differs depending on each pixel, the transmittance cannot be made with a certain voltage. For the biggest. That is, as shown in Fig. 17C, the V-Τ characteristics (the characteristics of the transmittance applied to the liquid crystal) differ depending on the RGB pixels. In the V--T characteristic, the transmittance T increases as the liquid crystal applied voltage v increases, and if the maximum value is exceeded, the steering decreases. Generally, in RGB, B (blue) having a high transmittance T is obtained at the lowest voltage, and white voltage Vwhite is set as the liquid crystal application voltage V. When the white voltage Vwhite is applied, since G (green) and R (red) do not reach 10 (the transmittance of U, white is generated as a problem of being bluish blue. Therefore, the liquid crystal of the β pixel is applied with a voltage ( The drive voltage is high, and although the color shift of the liquid crystal display device is problematic, the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device is increased. Fig. 16 is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the above-mentioned embodiment i (particularly in the first drawing), the same reference numerals will be given to the same components, and the description will be omitted. This embodiment 2 and the month ij describe the embodiment i (five)' The display of the primary color of the foot 3 uses the penetration area and the reflection area in each corresponding pixel, and the semi-transparent type lCD which is convenient to observe regardless of the surrounding % environment is an example of 32 317049D1D1 201109786. Applicable to a penetrating type lCD or a reflective LCD having pixels of RGB3 primary colors. On the first broken substrate 1a, liquid crystal driving m20 is formed in each pixel of the RGB3 primary color, and is formed to cover these liquid crystal driving An interlayer insulating film of the TFT 20 (more preferably, a planarizing insulating film is formed thereon) 34. In each pixel region of the interlayer insulating film 34, a transparent electrode 21 in which the pixel electrode 200 is made of ITO in the tooth-permeable region is formed. The pixel electrode 2 is formed, and in the reflective region, the pixel electrode 2 is formed by the reflective electrode 220 made of a material having good reflection characteristics, for example. In the B pixel, the reflective electrode 220 (bhf, transmission is formed in the interlayer insulation) The contact hole of the film 34 is connected to the source or the drain of the liquid crystal driving TFT2〇i, and the reflective electrode 220 is in contact with and electrically connected to the transparent electrode 210. Similarly, in the G pixel and the R pixel, the reflective electrode 220 is also transmitted through The contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 34 is connected to the source or the drain of the liquid crystal driving TFT 20, and the reflective electrode 220 is in contact with and electrically connected to the transparent electrode 210. When the reflective electrode 220 is in direct contact with the transparent electrode 210, In the case of difficulty, as described above for the description of FIG. 6, it is preferable to insulate the reflective electrode 220 from the TFT 20 and directly cover the reflective electrode 220 to form a transparent portion in the entire 1-pixel region. The transparent electrode 210 is made of an electric metal oxide, and the transparent electrode 210 is connected to the TFT 20 through the contact hole. The first vertical alignment film 262' made of an organic material such as polyimide or polyimide is formed to cover the transparent of each pixel. The electrode 210 and the reflective electrode 220. The second glass substrate 33 317049D1D1 201109786 300 opposite to the first glass substrate 100 is disposed in parallel with the substrate loo. The second glass substrate 3 and the first glass substrate 100 are disposed. The opposite surface corresponds to each of the pixels of the RGB3 primary color, and is from the side of the second substrate 300 or from the light source disposed on the side of the first substrate 100 as shown in FIG. 1 or from the side of the second substrate 3 The light source of the light is incident on the liquid crystal layer 400, and the incident light that is incident on the second glass substrate 200 is filtered. Further, a B color filter layer 332b for transmitting blue light, a G color filter layer 332g for transmitting green light, and an R color filter layer 332r for transmitting red light are formed. Further, in each of the reflection regions of the respective pixels, a region corresponding to the reflection region of the B color filter layer 332b is formed with a projection portion 340b formed of a photosensitive resin, and a region corresponding to the reflection region of the G color calender layer 332g is formed. A protruding portion 340g formed of a photosensitive resin and a protruding portion 340r formed of a photosensitive resin are formed in a region corresponding to the reflective region of the R color filter layer 332r. The protrusions 340 (340b, 340g, and 340r) are the gap adjustment layers (gap adjustment protrusions) for adjusting the required gap in the reflection area and the penetration area, as described in the first embodiment. By selectively providing the gap adjusting layer 340 in the reflective region, the opposing distance (gap) of the first glass substrate 100 and the second glass substrate 300 in the reflective region is made smaller than that of the transparent region, so that the reflection characteristics are good (in Display characteristics of the reflective area). Further, in this example, in each of the pixels of R, G, and B, the thickness of the protruding portion 340 is made common. Furthermore, the B color filter layer 332b, the G color filter layer 332g, and the R color filter layer 332r, respectively provided with the protrusions 340, are formed to form a transparent common electrode 320 composed of germanium, and then cover the common electrode 320. A second vertical alignment film 264 composed of an organic material such as polyimine or polyamine is formed in Example 34 317049D1D1 201109786. Then, a liquid crystal 400 having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed in a space between the first glass substrate 1A and the second glass substrate 300. A λ /4 plate 111 as a phase difference plate and a polarizing plate 112 are attached to the back surface (light emitting surface) of the first glass substrate 100. Similarly, a 1/4 plate 111 and a polarizing plate 112 are attached to the back surface (light emitting surface) of the second glass substrate 200 as a difference plate. Therefore, according to the voltage setting of the pixel electrode and the common electrode 214, when the liquid crystal 400 is not applied with voltage, the incident light incident on the liquid crystal layer 400 is not emitted from the second glass substrate 300 side to the outside, thereby When the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 400, the light that is emitted to the outside from the side of the second glass substrate 300 corresponding to the voltage increases, that is, the transmittance of the incident light to the liquid crystal layer increases. In the second embodiment, the thickness of each of the color filter layers 332b, 332g, and 332r of Β, G, and R is set. When the thickness of the 滤 color filter layer 332b is D-blue, the thickness of the G color filter layer 332g is D-green, and the thickness of the R Φ color filter layer 332r is D-red. Then it satisfies the relationship of D-blue2 D-green>D-red. In the penetration region of each pixel of RGB, the relationship between the gap (the thickness of the liquid crystal sandwiched between the two substrates) and the color filter layers is inversely related. That is, when the gap between the transparent regions of the B pixels is Gb 1 ue (T), the gap between the transparent regions of the G pixels is G-green (T), and the gap between the transparent regions of the R pixels is G-red (T), The relationship is G_red(T)2G_green(T)>G-blue(T). Thus, the thicknesses of the B color filter layer 201, the G color filter layer 202, and the R color filter layer 203 are set to be different. [The gap between the pixels (also referred to as the cell gap) is not 35 317049D1D1 201109786 The ν-τ characteristics of each pixel of RGB are made uniform. - Next, the ν_τ characteristics of each pixel of the relevant position are described based on the experimental results. In the graphs 17 to 17c, the voltage is perpendicular to the liquid crystal 300, and the vertical axis is the transmittance of incident light. For the first application, as shown in Fig. 17C, the condition of each RGB is greatly different, as shown in Fig. 17A. If D_Mue>D~~ special D-red is set, the ν-τ characteristic of the B and R pixels is close to v~t of the G pixel: eer〇, and the color filter is filtered by the B color filter layer 332b′ The thickness of the layer 332g and the filter layer 332r are set, and the respective RGB gaps are G-red(T)=4. 8 // m, G-green(7)=4. M m, G_M is determined as // m Thus, the VT characteristics of RGB can be made substantially the same. By this,) ==3· 3 Select the appropriate white voltage White (for example, the power plant I with the highest penetration rate can be selected to drive at a low voltage to obtain a display without color shift. 墼v), ^reen And R like #' and the first I% are added. As shown in Fig. 17B, if D_Mue=D~D-red is set, the VT characteristics of the B and G pixels are the same as those of the first hole pattern, and the VT characteristic of the prime. It is close to the vT characteristic of G pixels. Compared with the V-T# property of this figure, since the R pixel can be used with lower power: high transmittance, the color shift problem can be improved. k On the other hand, in the reflection region, strict layers (projections) 340r, 340g, and 340b of the respective RGB pixels are provided, and the B, G, and R 4 filter layers 332b, 332g, and 332r are simultaneously Exist in the colored area of the penetrating area. Therefore, by setting the thicknesses of these pupils, photoacoustic projections 332g, and 332r as described above, the relationship between the gap size relationship of the reflection regions and the region of the penetration 317049D1D1 36 201109786 is the same. That is, if the B pixel gap of the reflection area is G-blue (R), the G pixel gap is G_green (R), and the R pixel gap is G-red (R) ', and the protrusions 211, 212, 213 When the height is the same, the relationship is G-red(R)>G-green(R)gG-blue(R). Therefore, according to the second embodiment, the V-R characteristics of each pixel of RGB (the reflectance is applied to the liquid crystal voltage characteristic) are more uniform, and thus the colorless display under low voltage driving can be obtained in the same manner. Next, a method of forming the respective color filter layers 332r, 332g, and 332b of the above r, G, and B will be described. Each of the color filter layers basically spin-coats the photosensitive resin containing the color pigment on the second glass substrate 300, and the pattern is left in a predetermined area by exposure and development. However, in the second embodiment, since the thicknesses of the respective color filter layers are not completely the same, if the thick color filter layer 'for example, the B color filter layer 332b is formed first, the unevenness on the surface of the second glass substrate 300 becomes large. It is difficult to form other color filter layers such as the R color filter layer 332r. φ is formed by forming the thinnest R color filter layer 332r first, and then forming it in the order of the G color light-emitting layer 332g and the B color filter layer 332b. This manufacturing step is relatively easy to implement and is preferable. When the B color filter layer 332b and the G color filter layer 332g have the same thickness, the two color filter layers having the same thickness are formed in any order. [Embodiment 3] Next, a description will be given of Embodiment 3 of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment. The configuration common to the above-described second embodiment is the same as the reference numeral 37 317049D1D1 201109786, and the description thereof is omitted. In the third embodiment, in each of the pixels of R, G, and B, in order to set the respective gaps G to the optimum thickness, the color light-emitting layer 330r of R, G, and B formed on the side of the second glass substrate 300 is provided. And 330g, 330b, and protrusions 340 (340r, 340g, 340b) for adjusting the gap difference between the penetration area and the reflection area, and an adjustment layer (gap) for adjusting the gap difference between R, G, and B Layer) 350. Specifically, in the B and G pixel regions where the cell gap G is required to be smaller than the R pixel region, each of the photosensitive resin layers 350b and 350g is selectively formed on the B color filter layer 330b, and the G color. The filter layer 330g is used as the adjustment layer 350. Here, the thickness of the photosensitive resin 350b on the B color filter layer 330b is t1, and the thickness of the photosensitive resin 350g on the G color filter layer 330g is t2. Further, if the gap of the penetration region of the B pixel (the liquid crystal thickness between the two substrates) is G-blue (T), it is set to tigt2. If the gap between the penetration areas of the G pixels is G-green(T)', the gap between the penetration areas of the R pixels is G_red(T), then: G-red(T)>G-green(T)2G -blue(T) relationship. Further, in the third embodiment, as shown in Fig. 18, when the thicknesses of the respective color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b are the same, and the thicknesses of the protruding portions 340r, 340g, and 340b are also equal, >^42' The cell gap meets G-green=G-blue. Thus, the photosensitive resin layer 35 is selectively formed in the necessary color regions, and the gaps (also referred to as cell gaps) of the respective pixels are set to the most suitable values according to R, G, and B, respectively. The ν_τ characteristics of the pixels are uniform. 317049D1D1 38 201109786 Secondly, according to the experimental results shown in Figures 19A to 19C,

The ν-Τ characteristic of each pixel of RGB is described. In Figs. 19A to 19C, the 系 is applied to the voltage of the liquid crystal 400, and the vertical axis is the transmittance of incident light. First, as shown in Fig. 19C, in the case of G-red (T) = G-green (T) = G-blue (T) (when the photosensitive resin layer 25 〇 g, 25 〇 t is not provided) The V-τ characteristics of each RGB are very different. In contrast, as shown in the IgA diagram, if set to

_ G-red(T)>G-green(T)>G-blue(T), the VT characteristics of B and R pixels are close to the characteristics of G pixels (R, g, β without correction) Each characteristic is as shown in () of Figure 19). More specifically, by setting the gaps of RGB to G-red=4.8. 8 # m, G-greenM. 0 ym, G-blue=3.3//m', the V~T characteristics of RGB are substantially the same. . Thus, by selecting the appropriate white voltage Vwhite (e.g., the voltage V at which the transmittance becomes maximum), the display without color shift can be obtained under low voltage driving. • In addition, as shown in the figure i9B, if G-red(T)>G-green (T)=G-blue(T) is set, the v-τ characteristics of the B and G pixels are the same as those of the i9C picture. The VT characteristic of the R pixel is close to the ν-τ characteristic of the G pixel. Thus, in the R pixel, since the high transmittance can be obtained at a lower voltage V than in the 19th characteristic, the color shift problem can be improved. On the other hand, in the reflective region, each of the RGB pixels is provided with a protrusion 340, and the thickness of the protrusion 340 is set to be equal to the gap size of the reflection region. The aforementioned relationship is the same. In other words, if the gap between the B pixels of the reflection region is 317049D1D1 39 201109786 G-blue(R), and the gap between the G pixels is Gneen (: R) or G-i (8), the gap between the pixels is: _η (8) (1) The gap between the pixels is G-red ^>G-green(8)乂^(8) relationship. According to the present embodiment, the performance of each pixel of RGB (the reflectance is applied to the liquid crystal by a voltage of 19', and the display of the colorless offset is obtained.) 】 More specific semi-transparent of the other vertical cross-section of the semi-transparent LCD

The semi-transmissive LCD at the position of the semi-transmissive LCD line at the position of the line Fig. 4 is a schematic view taken along the schematic cross section of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a schematic cross section of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view showing the schematic configuration of the LCD in the embodiment of the present invention, which is a schematic diagram of the pixel electrode of the LCD, which is composed of the TFT connected to the third embodiment, and which is different from the third embodiment. Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a semi-transparent type (3) along the c_c of Fig. 7, the position of the line. Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a modification of the semi-transmissive type lcd of Fig. 3 317049D1D1 201109786. Fig. 10 is a view showing a schematic plan configuration of another modification of the transflective LCD of Fig. 3. Fig. 11 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the transmittance characteristics of the vertical alignment type semi-transmissive type [CD] with respect to the applied voltage and the cell structure. Fig. 12 is a view showing the wavelength dependence of the transmittance characteristics of the vertical alignment type semi-transmissive type lcj) of the first embodiment with respect to the applied voltage. Fig. 13 is a view showing the wavelength dependency of the transmittance characteristic with respect to the applied voltage after the liquid crystal cell gap is adjusted by R, G, and B in the vertical alignment type semi-transmissive type of the first embodiment. Fig. 14 is a view showing the chromaticity coordinates of the dependence of the chromaticity of the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the present embodiment on the applied voltage. Fig. 15 is a view showing the chromaticity coordinates of the dependence of the chromaticity on the applied voltage after the liquid crystal cell gap is adjusted by R, G, and B in the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the present embodiment. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The figures 17, 17B, and 17C show the relationship between the ν_τ characteristics of each RGB pixel and the gap of the liquid crystal cell. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The 19th, 19th, and 19thth drawings show the relationship between the ν_τ characteristic of the RGB pixel and the gap of the liquid crystal cell. 317049D1D1 41 201109786 [Description of main components] 20 Active layer 30 32 Gate electrode 34 36 Gate electrode 38 40 Source electrode 42 44 Reflecting layer 100 110 Circular polarizing plate 111 112 Polarizing plate 200 210 Transparent electrode 220 260 Alignment film 300 310 Phase difference plate 320 330, 330r, 330g, 330b Color filter layer 330BM Black light shielding layer 340 400 Liquid crystal layer 410 500 (530) Alignment control portion 510 520 Inclined portion 600 Gate insulating film Interlayer insulating film Flattening insulating film Metal layer A glass substrate λ / 4 plate second glass substrate reflective electrode Lu second glass substrate transparent common electrode gap adjustment portion liquid crystal pointing 510t, 510r protrusion light source 42 317049D1D1 rs)

Claims (1)

201109786 VII. Patent application scope: L-type liquid crystal display device's the mth material of the electrode and the second substrate with the pixel vertical alignment type liquid crystal ϊ = common electrode, sealed with a length of 2 The length of the direction is long; the occlusion of the octagonal system is defined by a boundary extending in the column direction and bent into a ν-shape: a phase _ phase-pixel region and a second pixel region; Formed by the first region; the priority viewing angle of the aforementioned first region is different from the priority viewing angle of the second pixel region. The liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein the preferential viewing angle of the first pixel region is perpendicular to the row direction; and the preferential viewing angle of the second pixel region is perpendicular to the column direction. The liquid crystal display device of claim 1, wherein in the Φ pixel region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into two different regions, and in the second pixel region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided. Become two different areas. 4. The liquid crystal display device of claim 3, wherein, in the first pixel region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is controlled to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the row direction, and in the second pixel region, the liquid crystal alignment direction is Control is oriented in a direction perpendicular to the column direction. 5. The liquid crystal display device of claim 2, wherein the area of the first pixel region is smaller than the surface of the second pixel region 43 317049D1D1 201109786. ^The liquid pain is not installed, and has a plurality of pixels, and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal is enclosed between the first substrate having the pixel:: and the second substrate having the common electrode, wherein the shape of each pixel is in the direction-to-direction ratio The length of the financial direction is long; each pixel is divided into a first-pixel area and a second pixel area having different areas by a boundary line extending in the column direction; in the first-pixel area, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into four The different regions 'and' in the aforementioned second pixel region t, the liquid crystal alignment direction is divided into four different regions. 7. The liquid crystal display cleaving according to item 6 of the patent scope of the fifth aspect, wherein the four alignment directions of the first pixel region t are the same as the four alignment directions of the second pixel region. 8. The liquid crystal display farm according to claim 6, wherein the four regions of the first pixel region and the liquid crystal regions of the four regions of the second pixel region have the same preferential viewing angle. 9. The liquid crystal display cleaving according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the area of the aforementioned first-pixel region is smaller than the area of the second pixel region. 317049D1D1 44