200944884 1 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 树明係有關在具有像素電極之第—基板與具有共通 電極之第二基板間封入有垂直配向型液晶的液晶顯未= 置。 、 【先前技術】 液晶顯示裝置（以下稱LCD)具備薄型且低消費電力之200944884 1 VI. Description of the Invention: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal in which a vertical alignment type liquid crystal is sealed between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a second substrate having a common electrode. [Prior Art] A liquid crystal display device (hereinafter referred to as LCD) has a thin type and low power consumption.
特徵:現在被廣泛制於電腦㈣器、可攜式資訊機器等 之顯不器中。該種LCD，係在一對基板間封入液晶，藉由 形成於各個基板之電極控制位於基板間之液晶之配向而曰進 行顯示者，該LCD與CRT(陰極射線管）顯示器、電激發光 (eleCtr〇lUIninescence，以下稱EL)顯示器等不同，由於 原理上不能自身發光，因此為了對觀察者顯示圖像而需要 光源。 於此，在穿透型LCD中，係採用透明電極作為形成於 ❾各基板之電極，而在液晶顯示面板後面及側面配置光源， 以液晶面板控制該光源光之透過量，因此即使是周圍光線 較暗，也可明亮地顯示。但是，由於經常使光源點亮進行 顯示’因此會有無法避免由於光源產生之電力消耗之特 性，或是如同在白天屋外之光線非常強之環境下，無法確 保充分之對比度之特性。 另一方面，在反射型LCD中，將太陽、室内燈等之外 光採用為光源’將入射至液晶面板之這些周圍光，藉由形 成於非觀察面侧之基板之反射電極進行反射。然後，依每 317049D01 3 200944884 個像素控制入射至液晶層而由反射電極反射後之光而從液 晶面板射出的射出光量，從而進行顯示。該種反射型LCD 由於採用外光作為光源，因此與穿透型LCD不同，沒有由 於光源之電力消費，而具有非常低之低消費電力，並且當 在屋外等周圍明亮之情況，可獲得充分之對比度，相反地， 在無外光之情況下，具有無法看到顯示之特性。 於此’最近係提出一種在屋外可容易觀視，且在暗處 也可觀察之顯示器，並受到矚目，例如在曰本專利早期公 開平11-101992號公報、日本專利早期公開2003-255399 號公報等所揭示之具備反射功能與光穿透功能之半穿透型 LCD。該穿透型lcd係藉由在一像素區域内設置穿透區域與 反射區域’而謀求同時具有穿透功能及反射功能。 如此’由於能夠同時具有屋外之識認性、以及昏暗情 況下之識認性’因此採用前述之半穿透型LCD作為例如可 攜式之資訊機器等之顯示器係非常有用。 但是’在該可攜式資訊機器等之中，所設想之觀察狀 ‘態有多樣’為了實現即使是多種觀察狀態(特別是各種觀察 角度）都可進行高品質之顯示’必須擴大視野角度。 此*外’由於半穿透性LCD係將一像素分割為穿透區域 與反射區域’從而實現半穿透性，因此1個像素份之穿透 特性、反射特性係低於穿透型LCD或是反射型LCD，因此 為了提尚各個顯示區域（穿透區域、反射區域）之顯示品 質’無是哪-區域都必須有更高的對比度。 但疋’關於半穿透型LCD，還僅停留於同時具備穿透 4 317049D01 200944884 ’ 功旎與反射功能之構造的改良，而尚未為了提高顯示品質 而嘗試野角度之擴大、對比度之提高等。 【發明内容】 本發明係以實現半穿透型LCD、彩色LCD之高顯示品 質為目的。 (解決問題的手段） 本發明可實現如前所述之半穿透型，並具備如下 特徵。 ❹ ❹ 亦即，係為一種液晶顯示裝置，其具備多個像素，並 在〃、有第一電極之第一基板與具有第二電極之第二基板 間封入垂直配向型液晶層；各像素區域係具有反射區域 與穿透區域；在前述反射區域中，在前述第一基板側或前 述第基板侧之至少―方係具有間隙調整部，用以使在前 ^反射區域之間隙（gap)比在前述穿透區域之間隙小，其中 =係控制進入液晶層之入射光之相位差且由該液晶 i區定；並且’前述像素區域内，具有在1個像 ^域内分割液晶之配向方向之配向控制部，且前述配向 在前碟間隙調整部所形成之基板側。 戶，與二如半穿透型LCD中採用垂直配向型液晶 :之扭狀向列型(TN，T—d N—C) 其應答性，且可實現高對比度之顯示。 並且，與附加預傾斜之前提而進行 等相比較，在垂直配向型液 ㈣之别边TN液曰曰 對基板平面控制成平行或垂曰曰’，係將液晶之配向相 直因此原理上視覺依存性 317049D01 5 200944884 低’相較於TN液晶，可擴大其視野角。並且，由於本發明 在個像素區域内設置有將液晶配向方向於i像素區域内 予以刀割之配向控制部’目此即使是在從各種角度觀察咖 之If况中’所分割之任意—區域落人該觀察位置之最適合 之視野角之範_的可能性會提高，而能夠進一步擴大' 個像素之視野角。於是，無論周圍昏暗還是明亮，皆能以 高速且寬廣之視野肖，實現更高私度之顯示。 此外，即使進行單純計算也可知道，在入射光通過2 次之反射區域與只通過-次之穿透區域中，在液晶層中之 總光路長係不同，而藉由將間隙調整部設置於丨個像素區 域内’而可分別在反射區域與穿透區域中獲得最適合的液 晶層厚度（液晶盒間隙（cell gap))。因此，無論是反射區 域或穿透區域皆無色偏等’且能夠實現最適合之反射率、 穿透率，使明亮且色彩再現性良好之顯示變得可能。 在本發明之其他態樣中，在前述半穿透型LCD中，前 述配向控制部係具備在前述第1極或前述第二電極之任 一者或兩者所形成之無電極部。 或者，前述配向控制部倍1扯 货'具備，從前述第一基板侧或 前述第二基板側之任一者或 者向前述液晶層突出之突出 部。此外，亦可在1個像素區祕如η 、〔域内同時設置無電極部以及 突出部，以作為該配向控制部。 在前述半穿透型LCD中，± ^ ^ 别迷像素區域内之前述間隙 調整部之端部面更可具有作為針 m a為述向控制部的功能。 在本發明之其他態樣中，力& 在則4半穿透型lcd中，前 317049D01 6 200944884 v Φ 述像素區域内之經由前述配向控制部所控制之液晶配向方 位角’與其他配向控制部所控制之液晶配向方位角之角产 差為不滿90度’其中前述其他配向控制部係具有與前述配 向控制部之向基板平面之投影線交叉之投影線。 藉由設定成未滿90度，而能夠確實防止在藉由配向押 制部所分割之一個區域内之不特定位置產生向錯線 (disclination line)(配向方向不同之區域的邊界）而產 生顯示參差不齊等的問題。 在本發明之其他態樣中’在前述半穿透型LCD中，前 述多個像素係包含紅色用、綠色用、藍色用之像素，在各 像素之穿透區域或反射區域之任一方或雙方中，前述紅色 用、綠色用、藍色用之像素中至少其中一者與其他顏色之 像素的間隙不同。 在紅、綠、藍之各像素中，係以液晶層控制不同顏色 (R、G、B)、亦即不同波長之光之穿透率。於是，對應所透 ❹過之波長之最適合之間隙（液晶層之厚度）為不同。在此種 情況中’藉由變更R、G、B之像素中、其他不同顏色之像 素與其間隙，而可容易地獲得無波長依存性之具有良好色 務現性之全彩（full col〇r)LCD。並且由於可減少波長依存 抶’因此可使各像素之驅動條件相等，可減少驅動電路側 !處理負擔。 在本發明之其他態樣中，在前述半穿透型LCD中，在 前述第一基板以及前述第二基板分別設置有四分之一波長 板以及一分之一波長板。 7 317049D01 200944m , 像這樣同時設置四分之一波長板以及二分之一波長 ， 板，將其與直線偏光板組合’將其作為例如廣波長頻帶區 域圓偏光板使用’從而無論在波長不同之R、G、B光之任 一者中，均可更確實地相對垂直配向型液晶層而獲得必要 之圓偏光，而可進一步減小LCD之波長依存性。 在本發明之其他態樣中，在前述半穿透型LCD中，在 前述第一基板及第二基板中，於與接近光源配置之基板相 對之基板側’係具備具有負折射率異向性之相位差板。 經由設置這種具有負折射率異向性（光學異向性）之位 〇 相差板（負延遲器，negative retarder)，而能夠對垂直配 向型之液晶層（液晶單元）進行光學補償，並可進一步擴大 LCD之視野角度。 在本發明之其他態樣中，在前述半穿透型LCD中，於 前述第一基板或前述第二基板之至少一方設置有2軸相位 差板。藉由採用該種2軸相位差板，可藉由該丨片相位差 板而實現例如前述之負延遲器（negative retarder)、前述 四分之一波長板以及二分之—波長板之功能，而能夠實現 〇 薄型化，並且使光損失為最小限度。 在本發明之其他態樣中’在前述半穿透型⑽中 成於前述第-基板侧之前述第一電極係於各個像素形成個 別之圖案，且於第—基板侧形成多數個，該多個第-電極 並分別與薄膜電晶體連接，前述第2基板侧所形成之前迷 第二電極係形成為各像素共通之共通電極，前述間隙調敕 部係形成於前述第2基板侧。 i 317049D01 8 200944884 如果在第二基板形成間隙調磐部，則即使在第一基板 側形成薄膜電晶體等之情況，第—基板側亦可由各像素共 通之製程—成’而與具備較多構成且總製造時間較長之 第二基板之製造並行進行，而在其間在與第—基板相較為 較間易之構成之第2基板卿成間_整部則#、為適宜， 而可提高製造效率。 供在本發明之其他態樣中，係為一種液晶顯示裝置，具 〇 :: !素，且在具備第一電極之第-基板以及具備第二 電和之第-基板間，封入有垂直 ==區域區域，在前述第-基板= 述反射二貝,之^方係具有間隙調整部’用以使在前 二隙俜二：間除比在别述穿透區域之間隙小，其中前述 厚度所規定，前述間_=::== =成，大寬度，雒(：== 二述配向控向方向的配向控制部， 側。 卩料成在讀_難賴形成之基板 可防止 面作為配向控制用 2由這樣使_調整層之側面為順斜錐形狀， 在^侧面之液晶配向之混亂，而將該側 之傾斜面使用。 LCD之視野角度 ，而實現高顯示 如前所述，本發明係可謀求半穿透型 之擴大，以及對比度、應答速度之提高等 品質之LCD。 317049D01 9 200944884 具備多在態樣中，係為，晶顯示裝置，係 具備夕個像素，並在具有像素電 =之第二基板間，封人有垂直:板=有3 像素電極具有V字狀邊鏠·产々 主哽日日，其中，刚述 基板側或前述第二基板側之任一 域内’在前述第- 像素區域内分割液晶之配向方向之係具有用以在1 控制部係具有：與前述像钱極制部；前述配向 曲成V字狀而形成的第1? v子狀邊緣呈平行之彎 :素電極之V字狀之頂點與前：配:及一 :第前述第2配向= 第3配向控制 述第1配向控制部之v字狀 配向控制部係夾著前 於前述第1配向控制部而在前形成於相反側；相對 ，晶，係藉由前述第1配向控制二己向控制部所在之侧 邻而控制；相對 ]部與前述第2配向控制 控制部所在之=第部而在前述第3配向 述第3配向控制部而控制y ’〔第1配向控制部與前 在本發明的其他態樣中，一 ^備多個像素，並在 素電-種液晶顯示裝置’ 2極之第二基板間，封入有象=第-基板與具有共 述像素電極具有線狀邊 -己向型液晶，其中，前 基板側或前述第二基之各=素區域内，在前述第-，内分割液晶之二3雙方係具有用以在! 控制部係具有:在前述丨像素區域 ^曲成V字狀而形成 317049D01 10 200944884 的第1配向控制部、以及形成於與前述像素電極之線狀邊 緣呈平行之線上的第2配向控制部與第3配向控制部，該 線之方向係從前述第i配向控制部之v字狀的頂點而與^ 述第1配向控制部交叉；前述第2配向控制部與前述/第3 配向控制部係夾著前述第1配向控制部之v字狀之頂點而 形成於相反側；相對於前述第i配向控制部而在前述第2 配向控制部所在之側的液晶，係藉由前述第i配向控制部 ❹與前述第2配向控制部而控制；相對於前述第i配向控制 部而在前述第3配向控制部所在之侧的液晶，係藉由^述 第1配向控制部與前述第3配向控制部而控制。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係為一種液晶顯示裝置， 係具備多個像素’並在具有像素電極之第一基板與具有共 通電極之第一基板間，封入有垂直配向型液晶，其中，在 各像素區域内，在前述第一基板侧或前述第二基板侧之任 一方或雙方係具有用以在1像素區域内分割液晶之配向方 © ^之配向控制部；前述配向控制部係具有：在前述丨像素 區域内彎曲成V字狀而形成的第丨配向控制部、以及形成 於通過前述第1配向控制部之v字狀之頂點且將由前述第 1配向控制部與前述像素電極之邊緣所圍繞之區域予以等 刀的線上的第2配向控制部與第3配向控制部；前述第2 配向控制部與前述第3配向控制部係夾著前述第丨配向控 制。卩之V字狀之頂點而形成於相反側；相對於前述第^配 向控制部而在前述第2配向控制部所在之侧的液晶，係藉 由則述第1配向控制部與前述第2配向控制部而控制；相 317049D01 11 200944884 對於前述第1配向控制部而在前述第3配向控制部所在之 側的液晶，係藉由前述第1配向控制部與前述第3配向控 制部而控制。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係在上述之液晶顯示裝置 中’前述第2配向控制部及/或前述第3配向控制部係形成 於將由前述第1配向控制部與前述像素電極之邊緣所圍繞 之區域予以等分的位置。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係在上述之液晶顯示裝置 中’前述第1配向控制部係具有與前述像素電極之邊緣呈 平行的部分。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係在上述之液晶顯示裝置 中，由前述第1配向控制部所控制之液晶的配向方向角、 與由和前述第1配向控制部交叉之前述第2配向控制部所 控制之液晶的配向方向角之間的角度差，係未滿9〇度。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係在上述之液晶顯示裝置 中，由前述第1配向控制部所控制之液晶的配向方向角、 與由和前述第1配向控制部交叉之前述第3配向控制部所 控制之液晶的配向方向角之間的角度差，係未滿9〇度。 在本發明的其他態樣中，係在上述之液晶顯示裝置 中，前述像素電極係依各像素形成個別的圖樣，且為箭羽 形狀。 【實施方式】 下面使用附圖說明本發明之較佳實施形態（下面稱為 “實施形態”… 12 317049D01 200944884 ， 實施形態1 第1圖表示作為本實施形態之半穿透型LCD而使用半 穿透型主動矩陣（Active matrix)LCD時之基本剖面構成。 本實施形態之半穿透型LCD係具有複數像素，且將在相互 的相對面側形成有第1電極200、第2電極320之第1及 第2基板以其間夾有液晶層4〇〇之方式予以貼合而構成 者’同時在各像素區域内形成有穿透區域21〇與反射區域 220。 ❹ 採用具有負介電率異向性之垂直配向型液晶作為液晶 層400 ’且在第2基板側或第1基板設置有用於將1個像 素區域内分割為複數配向區域之配向控制部500(配向分割 部）。配向控制部5〇〇係例如由如第1圖所示之向液晶層 400突出之突起部51〇、傾斜部520、以及在第1圖中由像 素電極200的間隙構成之無電極部等所構成（具體如後面 所述）。 ❹ 第1及第2基板100、300使用玻璃等透明基板。在第 1基板100侧形成有使用氧化銦錫（ITO，Indium Tin Oxide)、氧化銦鋅（ιζο，indium Zinc Oxide)等透明導電 性金屬氧化物之在每一像素之個別圖案的像素電極200而 作為第1電極、以及與該像素電極200相連接之薄膜電晶 體等開關元件（未圖示。參閱後述第5圖）。在覆蓋像素電 極200之第1基板之全面係形成有垂直配向型的配向 膜260。該配向膜26〇例如使用聚醯亞胺等，在本實施形 '想中，採用無摩擦型（rubbingless)，使液晶的初期配向（電 13 317049D01 200944884 壓非施加狀態下的配向）垂直於膜的平面方向。再者，藉由 第5圖所示之結構（具體如後面所述），可在1個像素電極 200的形成區域内設置僅由上述透明電極構成之透明區域 210、以及形成有與上述透明電極層疊形成之反射膜或反射 電極之反射區域220。 在與該種第1基板100之間失有液晶層400而貼合之 第2基板300中’在與該液晶之相對面侧，首先將r、g、 B彩色濾光層330r、330g、330b形成於對應的預定位置。 再者，在各彩色濾光層330r、330g、330b的間隙（像素區 域的間隙）中設置用於防止像素間的漏光之遮光層（在此為 黑色彩色濾光層）330BM。 彩色濾光層330r、330g、330b上形成有由光穿透性材 料構成之間隙調整部340，以使在與各像素的反射區域220 相對之區域，其液晶層的厚度（液晶盒間隙）dr與在穿透區 域210的液晶層的厚度（液晶盒間隙）dt相比小期望的值 (dr<dt)。該間隙調整部340的厚度在入射光通過液晶層 400 —次之穿透區域210與通過2次之反射區域220中， 分別對應於為得到最適合的穿透率、反射率而需要之液晶 層厚度d之不同情形而設定者。因此，例如’決定液晶層 的厚度d，俾使在未設置間隙調整部340之穿透區域210 可得到最適合的穿透率，而在反射區域220中，藉由設置 具有期望厚度之間隙調整部340，從而可得到比穿透區域 210小之液晶層的厚度d。 以覆蓋具有上述間隙調整部340之第2基板300之全 14 317049D01 200944884 面的方式，形成對於各像素共通的電極（共通電極）％〇,而 作為第2電極。該共通電極32〇與上述像素電極2〇〇相同， 可使甩ΠΌ、IZG等透料f性金屬氧化物形成。 在本實施形態中’在該共通電極32G上，係形成突起 部510 ’作為將1個像素區域内的液晶配向方向予以分割 而形成配向方向不同的複數個區域之配向控制部5〇〇。該 突起部510向液晶層4〇〇突起，可以為導電性也可為絕緣 ❾性，在此可將絕緣性的例如丙稀酸系列樹脂等形成期望圖 案加以使用。並且，突起部51〇分別形成於各像素區域内 的穿透區域210以及反射區域22〇。 覆蓋上述突起部51〇及共通電極32〇須形成有無摩擦 型之配向膜260，其為與第1基板侧相同之垂直配向型。丁 如上所述’配向膜260使液晶配向於與其膜平面方向垂直 之方向’而在覆蓋突起部51〇之位置係形成有反映笑起部 51〇形狀之斜面。因此，在突起部51Q之形成位置，液晶 ❹係相對於覆蓋突起部51〇之配向膜26之斜面而配向於垂直 方向，並以該突起部51 〇為界分割液晶之配向方向。並且， 在本實施形癌中’使設置於第2基板側之上述間隙調整部 340之侧面傾斜為斜錐形，覆蓋間隙調整部之上方之 配向膜260也延續該斜面而形成有斜面。液晶在該斜面也 被控制成與斜面垂直之方向，而間隙調整部34〇之斜面也 作為配向控制部500之用。 在第1圖所示之半穿透型LCD中，在第1基板100之 外側（光源600侧）設置有直線偏光板（第1偏光板）112、以 317049D01 15 200944884 及由；1/4相位差板及λ/2相位差板之組合構成之廣波長 帶域；I/4板（第1相位差板，由該直線偏光板112與 相位差板111構成廣波長帶域圓偏光板11{)。 在第2基板300之外側（觀察侧）設置具有負的折射率 異向性之相位差板31〇作為光學補償板，復設置有由又/4 相位板及；I /2相位板之組合構成之廣波長帶域λ /4板（第 2相位差板）111、以及直線偏光板（第2偏光板）112，與第 1基板侧相同，由該直線偏光板112與相位差板m構成 廣帶域圓偏光板110。在此，該等光學元件之配置關係可 如第1圖之下部之一個例子所示，將第丨偏光板之軸配置 為45°，第1個又/4板之遲相軸配置為9〇。，第2個又/4 板之遲相軸配置為180。，第2偏光板之軸配置為135。。 從光源600射出、且穿透第1基板1 〇〇侧之直線偏光 板112而沿該偏光板Π2之偏光軸方向之直線偏光係藉由 在第1個；1/4板111使其相位差偏離又/4而成為圓偏光。 在此’在本實施形態中’為了至少對波長不同之r、G、B 中任思之成分也確實設為圓偏光’以提高液晶盒中之光之 利用效率（穿透率），而使用λ/4相位板與Λ/2相位板雙方 作為廣波長帶域λ/4板111。所得到之圓偏光在穿透區域 210穿透像素電極200而入射至液晶層400。 在本實施形態之半穿透型LCD中，如上所述，使用具 有負介電率異向性（△ ε <0)之垂直配向型液晶於液晶層 400，並且使用垂直配向型配向膜260。 因此，在電壓非施加狀態下，係分別配向於垂直於配 16 317049D01 200944884 向膜260之平面方向之方向’隨著施加電整增大，液曰之 長軸方向係以與形成於像素電極200與共通電極32〇 之電場垂直（平行於基板之平面方向）的方式傾斜。在未向 液晶層400施加電壓時’在液晶層400中偏光狀態不會變 化’而直接以圓偏光到達第2基板300，在第2個人/4板 111消除圓偏光而成為直線偏光。此時，因係將第2偏光 板112配置成使其與來自第2個；I /4板in之直線偏光之 ❹方向垂直，故該直線偏光不能穿透與第丨偏光板112為垂 直之方向之穿透軸（偏光轴）之第2偏光板112，使顯示變 為黑色。 向液晶層400施加電壓後，液晶層4〇〇使入射之圓偏 光產生相位差，例如成為逆轉之圓偏光、橢圓偏光、直線 偏光，藉由在第2個λ/4板111對於所得到之光進一步偏 移λ /4相位，從而成為直線偏光（平行於第2偏光板之穿 透軸）、橢圓偏光、圓偏光，這些偏光具有沿第2偏光板 ❾112之偏光軸之成分，對應該成分之光從該第2偏光板ΐΐ2 向觀察侧射出，作為顯示（白色或中間色調）而被識認。 再者’相位差板310為負延遲器（negative retarder) ’能夠提升從斜向觀視LCD時的光學特性，而提 南視角。再者，也可取代該負延遲器（31〇)與上述λ/4板 111而使用具有該雙方功能之一片2軸相位差板，由此可 實現LCD之薄型化及穿透率之提高。 在本實施形態中’如上所述，藉由間隙調整部34〇， 將貫質上控制光之穿透率之液晶層400之厚度（液晶盒間 17 317049D01 200944884 隙）d該為在穿透區域210與反射區域220不同之期望之間 隙。主要的原因是因為’在穿透區域210係對從設置於LCD 背面側（在第1圖中為第1基板1〇〇側）之光源6〇〇穿透液 晶層400而從第2基板300側向外部射出之光量（穿透率） 進行控制，從而進行顯示’而在反射區域220係將從LCD 之觀察侧向液晶層400入射之光藉由設置於像素電極200 之形成區域内之反射膜予以反射，並再次穿透液晶層400 從第2基板側向觀察側射出之光量（LCD之反射率）進行控 制，從而進行顯示，光之液晶層之穿透次數不同。即，因 在反射區域220，光係穿透液晶層400兩次’故其液晶盒 間隙dr必須設定成比穿透區域210之液晶盒間隙dt小。 在本實施形態中’如第1圖所示’藉由將期望厚度之間隙 調整部340僅設置於各區域之反射區域220，從而達成上 述dr<dt。間隙調整部340只要具有光穿透性且可形成期 望厚度外，沒有其他特殊限定，例如可採用也作為平垣化 絕緣層等使用之丙稀酸系列樹脂等。 在如上所述間隙調整部340之側面作為配向控制部 500之一部分（傾斜部520)使用時，必須至少其斜錐角相對 於基板平面不到90度。原因係為如果斜錐角在9〇度以上， 液晶之配向就會在該間隙調整部340之侧面產生混亂，t 且形成於間隙調整部340上之共通電極320、配向膜26〇 之覆蓋也會變得不充分。此外，間隙調整部340之側面對 顯示本身沒有作用，如果斜錐角過小的話，就會使間隙調 整部340之侧面面積增大，致使像素之開口率、尤其是其月 317049D01 18 200944884 ，望更加提高亮度之反射區域之 整部340之侧面之斜錐角最 ^下降。由此，間隙調 配向膜26〇之覆蓋性下降，且.可、/上層之第2電極320、 使開口率下降較少之角度。1體=晶之配向分割，並 之範圍。 /、體也說較宜為3〇度至8〇度 斜㈣之_整部 ❹ 隙調整材料藉由將作為間=:::赌。然後’間 合開始劑、光聚合性單體之J 稀駿樹腊中之聚 置特性等加以調整，而可炉 ‘造條件、曝光裝 調整部340之側面為順斜錐，二:：順斜錐角。為使間隙 如’亦可藉由單獨或組合下述^法· 材料外，例 ❹ 氣引起之光聚合抑制效果、利用藤丄利用存在於周圍之氧 圖案之擴大、利用樹#光之續射引起之 等，可形成:望樹;二:之。㈣ 大氣藉由間隙調整部340之表面附近之 氧==者，相反地’因離表面較遠之基板侧 故顧旦Ί 纟不會有抑制效果而持續聚合引起之硬化， 寬】平坦化絕緣層38之表•形成越向上 曝光時之光之繞射也利用曝光裝置，例如在近接曝光 、置等中’利用此繞射較大之效果而在間隙調整部340以 間隙調整部形絲域與去除區域形成斜錐。 溶體/m_動申，顯影結束後，藉由例如以c至1 8〇 317049D01 19 200944884 。(：之溫度、進行烘烤1至2〇min(例如以12(rc、8min)，從 而使間隙調整部340之上面及側面熔融，使表面平滑化， 同時，藉由侧表面依存於炫化材料自身所具有之表面張力 之形狀變化，而形成順斜錐。 在此，用於間隙調整部等之有機材料，係公知有表示 對曝光光源之g線（436nm)、h線（4〇5)nm、i線（248nm)之 靈敏度等之材料，對i線具有靈敏度之有機材料其斜錐角 一般多在90度以上（逆斜錐）。因此，在本實施形態中，間 隙調整部之材料採用對g線、h線具有靈敏度，容易形成 順斜錐之丙稀酸系列樹月旨。 在本實施形態中，在一像素區域内，在穿透區域210 與反射區域220改變液晶層之厚度d，同時，分別在波長 不同之R、G、B用像素改變該液晶層之厚度d(但，也可根 據LCD之特性在R、G、B設定共通之間隙）。在第}圖之例 子中，藉由分別形成於第2基板300側之R、G、B之彩色 濾光層330r、330g、330b之厚度分別予以改變，而得以實 現將R、G、B全部之間隙d。不限於改變彩色濾光層之厚 度之構成’也可在穿透區域210亦設置上述間隙調整部 340 ’在每一 R、G、B之穿透區域210與反射區域220改變 該間隙調整部340之厚度。並且，在全部R、G、B中，即 使不使液晶層之厚度d互不相同，也可依據LCD之特性， 例如使G用與B用為相同液晶層厚度，而僅R用與其他2 色不同之厚度，也可僅改變B用的d。 第2圖係顯示為使R、G、B用像素為不同之間隙之其 20 317049D01 200944884 他構成（在弟2圖中，對企结 在第2圖之構成中，在圖相同之構成不再費述)。 弟2基板側不改變r、g、b之間 二^基二:彳:^於像她謂下層之平上 之=叫使二=== -或複數個半曝光料，將含有感光材料之平坦 = 料予以料，Μ料續敎製料可軸錢= 緣材 Ο Ο Β像素具有不同厚度之平坦化絕緣層38。再者，在第2阁 中’反射區域在平坦化絕緣層38之上形成有凹凸。該 化絕緣層38之表面之凹凸可使反射區域中形成於平垣= 絕緣層38上之反射層44延續此形狀，而在反射層料 面形成凹凸’從而使向液晶層人射之人射光散亂，提高^ 射區域之顯示品質。並且，也可利用用於在上述R、Ό、 將平坦化絕緣層38形成為不同厚度之半曝光，不追加製程 地一同形成，在平坦化絕緣層38之反射區域之該凹凸、以 及為連接像素電極2〇〇與TFT而貫穿平坦化絕緣層38形成 之接觸孔。 其次’對本實施形態之半穿透型LCD之各像素之具體 結構加以說明。第3圖為本實施形態之半穿透型LCD之基 本平面構成之一例，第4圖為沿第3圖之A — A，線之基本 剖面結構，第5圖為沿第3圖之B — B，線之基本剖面結構， 第6圖表示第3圖之像素電極200及與其相連之薄膜電晶 體等之具體構成。 在第3圖所示之平面構成中，每一像素之個別圖案之 21 317049D01 200944884 像素電極200在晝面之垂直掃描方向（第3圖之上下方向） 具有細長之六角形圖案，在含有在長度方向之2個上邊而 以圖中斜線所包圍之四角形（在圖中為菱形或正方形）之區 域中，如第6圖所示，選擇性地形成有反射膜，而設置有 反射區域22(^並且’六角形像素電極2〇〇之其餘之約略 箭羽形狀區域係成為穿透區域210。 如從第4圖也可理解，為使在反射區域220之液晶層 之厚度（液晶盒間隙Mr比在穿透區域210之間隙dt小， 而將間隙調整層340形成於第2基板300上，在第4圖之 例子中係形成於共通電極320上。 該間隙調整層340之像素内之端部係配置於沿著與上 述六角形之像素電極200之2個上邊大致線對稱之四角形 反射區域220之下侧2邊之位置。並且，以連接四角形反 射區域220之水平掃描方向（圖中之左右方向）相對之頂點 間而將該反射區域220於水平掃描方向分割為上下之方 式’在第2基板300(具體地說在第4圖中為間隙調整部340) 上形成有截面為三角形之突起部510r。 並且’雖然第4圖中省略，但如第1圖及第2圖所示， 在包括有突起部510及間隙調整部340之第2基板300之 全部表面覆蓋垂直配向膜260。當然，包括第1基板 侧之像素電極200之全部表面側也與第1圖、第2圖相同 形成有垂直配向膜260。因此’在未於像素電極2〇〇盘 通電極320之間施加電壓之狀態下，液晶之長軸方向（液晶 指向（director))410係相對於垂直配向膜26〇之平面方向 317049D01 22 200944884 而垂直地配向。由^ ^ ^ . 田此’在第2基板300侧，在突起部510 f間隙調正^ 340之斜面上，液晶指肖41()係相對於延續 k二斜面而形成於與液晶之相對面侧之配向膜 260之斜面 @垂直配向H如第3圖及第4圖所示，以將反射區 域220分割為上下之位置之突起部 51 Or為界，形成液晶之 配向角（配向方位）互相相差180。之區域。 其次’如第3圖及第5圖所示，在箭羽形狀之穿透區 ❾域210中’在垂直掃描方向將細長六角形像素電極2〇〇沿 垂直掃描方向左右（水平掃描方向）等分之位置（相當於箭 羽之中心之部分），在第2基板3〇〇侧（具體地說為共通電 極320之上）形成有截面為三角形之突起部510t。雖在第5 圖中與第4圖同樣予以省略，但在第2基板3〇〇側及第j 基板100側之任一者均在與液晶之接觸面形成如第1圖及 第2圖所示之垂直配向膜26〇，在穿透區域21〇中亦以形 成於第2基板3〇〇上之突起部51〇t為界，將液晶指向410 ❹之配向方向（配向方位）分割成互相相差18〇。之方向。 此外’在本實施形態中，不僅使用上述突起、斜面， 也使用非電極區域530作為配向控制部500，在第3圖至 第5圖之例子中’將配置於第1基板1〇〇侧之像素電極2〇0 彼此之間隙部分作為用於配向控制之無電極部53〇使用。 利用無電極部530之配向分割係利用在像素電極200與共 通電極320之間開始施加電壓時之弱電場之傾斜。在該弱 電場下，如第4圖及第5圖所示，用虛線表示之電力線從 無電極σ卩之端部（亦即’電極之端部）以朝無電極部之中央 23 317049D01 200944884 變寬的方式傾斜。然後，具有負介電率異向性之液晶之短 轴係沿者該傾斜之電力線進行配向，因此，液晶分子從初 期之垂直配向狀態所隨著向液晶之施加電壓之上升傾斜之 方向係由傾斜電場決定。 在第3圖所示之六角形像素電極200中具有該像素電 極200之端部，亦即至少具有六邊之無電極部530。因此， 液晶指向410由於上述突起部510(510r、510t)及斜面 520，以及像素電極200周圍之無電極部530之作用，在一 像素區域内，在反射區域220至少形成兩個配向區域，在 穿透區域210形成與上述反射區域220之兩個區域中之任 一者都不同之配向方位之兩個配向區域，亦即，總共形成 四個具有不同配向方向之區域。 其中，更準確地說，液晶指向410係被控制成，使其 平面成分（配向方位角）相對於上述突起部510之延伸方向 及電極（無電極部）之邊緣之延伸方向垂直。因此，即使在 上述四個配向區域中，在其一個區域内液晶之配向方位角 亦不完全相同。例如，在第3圖中，在穿透區域210之垂 直掃描方向之中間位置，液晶指向410係相對於沿該垂直 掃描方向延伸之突起部510t及像素電極200邊緣而配向為 垂直之方向。但是在穿透區域210之例如與反射區域220 之交界，利用間隙調整部340之傾斜部（突起部）520係與 穿透區域210之突起部510t以大於90度之角度交叉，而 隨著靠近利用間隙調整部340之傾斜部520，該交叉附近 之液晶之配向方位角係從與突起部510之延伸方向垂直之 24 317049D01 200944884 • f向，變化成與該傾斜部520之延伸方向垂直之方向。但 是’在-配向區域内’如後所述，以使液晶之配向方位角 之依據位置之變化程度（或最大角度）變小的方式，設定配 向控制部500之延伸方向，因而可防止在一配向區域之不 定位置產生液晶之配向方位角不同之區域之交界(向錯線 (disclination line))。 下面，說明本實施形態之配向控制部500之延伸方向 ❹及液晶之配向方位角在一像素區域内之各位置之關係。 口為液日日刀子,又有長軸方向之上下特性差，因此由穿 透區域2H)之突起部510t控制之液晶之配向方位角以及由 與該突起部51〇t交又之間隙調整部340之傾斜部520控制 之液晶之配向方位角之角度差比⑽度小，在第3圖之例子 中，犬起部510與利用間隙調整部34〇之傾斜部52〇之交 叉角度約為135度，對此，液晶之配向方位角之差為45度。 再者，在此係以突起部51〇t與間隙調整部34()交叉為例進 ❹行了說明，但也有物理地未交叉的情形，而在本說明書中， 所謂交叉係指各自之延伸線交叉，此外，當設置於各自不 同之基板時，係指各自之延長線之向同一基板平面之投影 線交叉。 另外，利用間隙調整部340之傾斜部520與穿透區域 210之像素電極200之邊之交叉角度（但，因為實際上傾斜 部520及像素電極200並不形成於同一基板上，故此時係 分別朝同一基板平面之投影線的交叉角度），在第3圖之例 子中，為約45度。由傾斜部52控制之液晶之配向方位角 25 317049D01 200944884 與由像素電極200之邊緣控制之液晶之配向方位角之角度 仍然在90度以下，於此係為比45度小之角度。 穿透區域210之下端附近之突起部510·^與像素電極 200之邊緣朝基板平面之投影線上之交又角度在此為45 度，因為和上述同樣液晶分子沒有上下之特性差，故在該 交叉附件之液晶之配向方位角之差比90度小，在此，為 45度以下。 在穿透區域210中還具有像素電極200之邊彼此交叉 之區域。在第3圖之例子中，係指沿垂直掃福方向延伸之 邊，與從與上述突起部510交叉之頂點朝向沿該垂直掃描 方向之邊延伸之邊，兩邊之交叉角度比90度大，在此為 135度。而該交叉部之液晶之配向方位角之差仍然因液晶 分子沒有上下特性差，故在此也比90度小，為45度。 同樣’在反射區域220中，在配向控制部朝基板 平面之投影線（包括延長線）與其他配向控制部5〇〇朝同_ 基板平面之投影線（包括延長線）父叉之區域，係以使液晶 之配向方位角之差比90度小之方式設置配向控制部5〇〇。 即，首先’反射區域220内之將配向方向上下分割之突起 部51 Or係與利用在像素電極200之端部交又之間隙調整部 340之傾斜部520以小於90度之角度交又，該交叉區域之 液晶之配向方位角之角度差係控制在比90度小之.45度以 下。 該突起部51 Or與反射區域220之像素電極2〇()之邊緣 之交叉角度（朝基板平面之投影線之交又角度）也同樣控制 317049D01 26 200944884 成小於90度’該等交叉部之液晶之配向方位角之角度差也 與上述相同控制在比9〇度小之45度以下。 如上所述’當配向控制部500朝基板平面上之投影線 彼此間交叉時’係以使由該等配向控制部500控制之液晶 之配向方位角之差未滿9〇度之方式而決定配向控制部 500(突起部510、傾斜部52〇、無電極部 在第3圖之例子 中’為像素電極200之形狀）53〇；)。由此，可確實防止在由 配向控制部分割之一區域内之不定位置產生向錯線。 〇 •再者’在反射區域220之像素電極200之邊彼此間交 又之位置（在第3圖中為位於像素電極2〇〇之垂直掃描方向 之最上部之頂點附近）及利用間隙調整部34〇之傾斜部520 彼此間之交叉部（V字之接頭附近），在第3圖之例子中， 其交叉角度皆為90度。當然，將該交叉角度設為小於90 度或者大於90度從上述觀點而言更妤，但因為與穿透區域 210相比較，菱形反射區域220之面積本身較小，故可防 〇 止在不定位置產生向'錯線。 反射區域220内之液晶因為強烈地接受利用突起部 510r、傾斜部420及像素電極200之邊之配向控制，故在 連接上述反射區域220之電極2〇〇之邊之交點與利用間隙 調整部340之斜面部520之交點之菱形反射區域220之斜 線上，不存在物理性之配向控制部5〇〇。但是，從相鄰之 配向控制部500接受到相等之控制，以及相對於突起部 51〇r之延伸方向而被控制成垂直方向之液晶之連續體性雙 方之影響，該位置之液晶指向41〇之平面分量如第3圖所 317049D01 27 200944884 示’成為沿垂直掃描方向之方向。然後， 像素電極之水平掃描方向之端部靠近，向 200之邊（530)及間隙調整部34〇之 像素電極Features: It is now widely used in computer (4) devices, portable information machines and other displays. In this type of LCD, liquid crystal is sealed between a pair of substrates, and the display is controlled by the electrodes formed on the respective substrates to control the alignment of the liquid crystals between the substrates, the LCD and the CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display, and the electroluminescence ( The eleCtr〇lUIninescence, hereinafter referred to as EL) display is different, and since it is not possible to emit light by itself, a light source is required in order to display an image to an observer. Herein, in the transmissive LCD, a transparent electrode is used as an electrode formed on each of the substrates, and a light source is disposed behind and on the side of the liquid crystal display panel, and the light transmittance of the light source is controlled by the liquid crystal panel, so that even the ambient light is It is darker and can also be displayed brightly. However, since the light source is often lit for display, there is a possibility that the power consumption due to the light source cannot be avoided, or the contrast is not ensured in an environment where the light outside the day is very strong, and sufficient contrast cannot be ensured. On the other hand, in the reflective LCD, the ambient light such as the sun or the indoor lamp is used as the light source, and the ambient light incident on the liquid crystal panel is reflected by the reflective electrode of the substrate formed on the non-observation surface side. Then, the amount of light emitted from the liquid crystal panel, which is incident on the liquid crystal layer and reflected by the reflective electrode, is controlled for every 317049D01 3 200944884 pixels, thereby displaying. Since the reflective LCD uses external light as a light source, unlike a transmissive LCD, it has no low power consumption due to power consumption of the light source, and can be sufficiently obtained when it is bright around the house. Contrast, on the contrary, has the property of not being able to see the display in the absence of external light. Herein, a display which can be easily viewed outside the house and which can be observed in a dark place has been proposed, and has been attracting attention, for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei 11-101992, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-255399 A transflective LCD having a reflective function and a light penetrating function disclosed in the publication. The transmissive lcd achieves both a penetrating function and a reflecting function by providing a penetrating region and a reflecting region in a pixel region. Therefore, it is very useful to use the above-described transflective LCD as a display system such as a portable information device, since it can have both the visibility of the outside and the visibility in the dark. However, in the portable information device or the like, the assumed observation state is "various" in order to realize high-quality display even in various observation states (especially various observation angles), and it is necessary to enlarge the viewing angle. Since the semi-transparent LCD system divides a pixel into a transmissive region and a reflective region to achieve semi-transparency, the penetration characteristics and reflection characteristics of one pixel are lower than that of the transmissive LCD or Since it is a reflective LCD, in order to improve the display quality of each display area (transmission area, reflection area), there is no need to have a higher contrast. However, 半's a semi-transparent LCD has only been improved by a structure that penetrates the 4 317049D01 200944884 ' power and reflection function, and has not attempted to expand the field angle and improve the contrast in order to improve the display quality. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to achieving high display quality of a transflective LCD or a color LCD. (Means for Solving the Problem) The present invention can realize the semi-transmissive type as described above and has the following features. That is, a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels and enclosing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer between the first substrate having the first electrode and the second substrate having the second electrode; each pixel region Having a reflective area and a transmissive area; in the reflective area, at least a side of the first substrate side or the first substrate side has a gap adjusting portion for making a gap ratio in the front reflective region The gap between the penetration regions is small, wherein = is controlling the phase difference of the incident light entering the liquid crystal layer and is determined by the liquid crystal i; and in the aforementioned pixel region, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is divided in one image region. The alignment control unit is disposed on the substrate side formed by the front disc gap adjusting unit. In the case of a semi-transparent LCD, the vertical alignment type liquid crystal is used: the twisted nematic type (TN, T-d N-C) is responsive, and high contrast display can be realized. Moreover, compared with the addition of the pre-tilt, the TN liquid helium controls the plane of the substrate to be parallel or cognac at the other side of the vertical alignment type liquid (4), and the alignment of the liquid crystal is straightened, so the principle is visual. Dependency 317049D01 5 200944884 Low 'Compared to TN liquid crystal, it can expand its viewing angle. Further, in the present invention, the alignment control unit that cuts the liquid crystal alignment direction in the i pixel region is provided in the pixel region, and the arbitrary division region is divided even in the case where the coffee is observed from various angles. The possibility of falling into the most suitable viewing angle of the viewing position is increased, and the viewing angle of 'pixels' can be further expanded. Therefore, regardless of whether the surroundings are dim or bright, it is possible to achieve a higher degree of privacy with a high speed and a wide field of view. In addition, even if a simple calculation is performed, it is known that the total optical path length in the liquid crystal layer is different in the reflection region where the incident light passes twice and the penetration-only region, and the gap adjustment portion is disposed by The most suitable liquid crystal layer thickness (cell gap) can be obtained in the reflective region and the transmissive region, respectively. Therefore, there is no color shift or the like in both the reflection region and the penetration region, and it is possible to realize the most suitable reflectance and transmittance, and it is possible to display bright and color reproducible. In another aspect of the invention, in the transflective LCD, the alignment control unit includes an electrodeless portion formed on either or both of the first electrode or the second electrode. Alternatively, the alignment control unit may have a protruding portion that protrudes from the first substrate side or the second substrate side or protrudes toward the liquid crystal layer. Further, it is also possible to provide a non-electrode portion and a protruding portion in the first pixel region as the alignment control portion. In the above-described transflective LCD, the end surface of the gap adjusting portion in the pixel region of ± ^ ^ may have a function as a pointer control portion. In other aspects of the invention, the force & in the 4 semi-transmissive lcd, the first 317049D01 6 200944884 v Φ the liquid crystal alignment azimuth ' controlled by the alignment control unit in the pixel region and other alignment control The angle of the liquid crystal alignment azimuth controlled by the unit is less than 90 degrees. The other alignment control unit has a projection line that intersects the projection line of the alignment control unit toward the substrate plane. By setting it to less than 90 degrees, it is possible to surely prevent occurrence of a disclination line (a boundary of a region having a different alignment direction) in an unspecified position in one region divided by the alignment dam portion. Problems such as unevenness. In another aspect of the present invention, in the above-described semi-transmissive LCD, the plurality of pixels include pixels for red, green, and blue, and either one of a penetrating region or a reflecting region of each pixel or In both of the above, at least one of the pixels for red, green, and blue is different from the gap of pixels of other colors. In each of the red, green, and blue pixels, the liquid crystal layer controls the transmittance of light of different colors (R, G, B), that is, light of different wavelengths. Thus, the most suitable gap (thickness of the liquid crystal layer) corresponding to the wavelength that has passed through is different. In this case, 'full col〇r with good color rendition without wavelength dependence can be easily obtained by changing the pixels of R, G, B and other pixels of different colors and their gaps. ) LCD. Further, since the wavelength dependence 可 can be reduced, the driving conditions of the respective pixels can be made equal, and the processing load on the drive circuit side can be reduced. In another aspect of the invention, in the above-described transflective LCD, a quarter-wave plate and a one-wavelength plate are respectively disposed on the first substrate and the second substrate. 7 317049D01 200944m , Simultaneously set a quarter-wave plate and a half-wavelength plate together, and combine it with a linear polarizer. 'Use it as a circular polarizer for a wide-wavelength band, for example, so that it is different in wavelength. In any of R, G, and B light, the necessary circular polarization can be obtained more reliably with respect to the vertical alignment type liquid crystal layer, and the wavelength dependency of the LCD can be further reduced. In another aspect of the present invention, in the above-described semi-transmissive LCD, in the first substrate and the second substrate, a substrate having a negative refractive index anisotropy is provided on a substrate side opposite to a substrate disposed adjacent to the light source. The phase difference plate. By providing such a negative retarder having a negative refractive index anisotropy (optical anisotropy), the liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal cell) of the vertical alignment type can be optically compensated, and Further expand the viewing angle of the LCD. In another aspect of the invention, in the transflective LCD, at least one of the first substrate or the second substrate is provided with a two-axis retardation plate. By using the two-axis phase difference plate, the functions of the negative retarder, the quarter-wave plate, and the two-wavelength plate can be realized by the chip phase difference plate, for example. It is possible to achieve thinning and minimize light loss. In another aspect of the present invention, the first electrode formed on the first substrate side in the semi-transmissive type (10) forms an individual pattern on each pixel, and a plurality of the plurality of pixels are formed on the first substrate side. Each of the first electrodes is connected to the thin film transistor, and the second electrode is formed as a common electrode common to the pixels before the second substrate side is formed, and the gap adjusting portion is formed on the second substrate side. i 317049D01 8 200944884 If a gap adjusting portion is formed on the second substrate, even if a thin film transistor or the like is formed on the first substrate side, the first substrate side may be formed by a common process of each pixel. Further, the manufacture of the second substrate having a long total manufacturing time is performed in parallel, and the second substrate which is relatively easy to be formed with the first substrate is suitable for the second substrate. effectiveness. In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a liquid crystal display device comprising: a first substrate having a first electrode; and a first substrate having a second electrode; = area area, in the above-mentioned first substrate = reflective second shell, the square has a gap adjusting portion 'to make the front two gaps :: the gap is smaller than the gap in the other penetration region, wherein the thickness It is stipulated that the above-mentioned _=::=== is formed, the width is large, and 雒(:== is the alignment control unit of the opposite direction of the alignment direction, and the substrate is formed on the substrate which is difficult to form. The control 2 is such that the side surface of the _ adjustment layer has a slanted taper shape, and the liquid crystal alignment of the side surface is disordered, and the inclined surface of the side is used. The viewing angle of the LCD is realized, and the high display is as described above. The invention is capable of expanding the semi-transparent type and improving the quality of the contrast and the response speed. 317049D01 9 200944884 In many cases, the crystal display device has a pixel and has pixels. Electric = between the second substrate, the seal has a vertical: plate = The three-pixel electrode has a V-shaped edge and a crucible day, and the system of dividing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the first pixel region in the domain of the substrate side or the second substrate side is used. In the first control unit, the first and second sub-edges formed in a V-shape are formed in a parallel manner: the V-shaped apex of the prime electrode and the front: And the first alignment is the second alignment control. The v-shaped alignment control unit of the first alignment control unit is formed on the opposite side of the first alignment control unit before the first alignment control unit. The first alignment control unit is controlled by the side adjacent to the control unit, and the relative portion and the second alignment control unit are located in the third portion, and the third alignment control unit is controlled by the third alignment control unit. y '[The first alignment control unit and the other aspects of the present invention have a plurality of pixels, and between the second substrate of the two poles of the liquid crystal display device, the image is sealed with the first - The substrate and the pixel electrode having the same have a linear edge-oriented liquid crystal, wherein the front substrate In the side of each of the second or the second base, the two sides of the first and second divided liquid crystals are provided in the control unit: the θ pixel region is curved in a V shape to form 317049D01. 10: the first alignment control unit of 200944884 and the second alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit formed on a line parallel to the linear edge of the pixel electrode, wherein the direction of the line is from the ith alignment control unit The v-shaped apex intersects with the first alignment control unit, and the second alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit are formed on the opposite side of the v-shaped apex of the first alignment control unit. The liquid crystal on the side where the second alignment control unit is located with respect to the ith alignment control unit is controlled by the ith alignment control unit ❹ and the second alignment control unit; and the ith alignment control is performed with respect to the ith alignment control unit. The liquid crystal on the side where the third alignment control unit is located is controlled by the first alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit. In another aspect of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of pixels ′ and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal is enclosed between a first substrate having a pixel electrode and a first substrate having a common electrode, wherein In each of the pixel regions, either or both of the first substrate side or the second substrate side have an alignment control unit for dividing the liquid crystal in one pixel region, and the alignment control unit has a second alignment control unit formed by bending a V-shape in the 丨 pixel region, and a v-shaped apex formed by the first alignment control unit, and the first alignment control unit and the pixel electrode The second alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit on the line on the knives in the region surrounded by the edge; the second alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit sandwich the second alignment control. The liquid crystal on the side where the second alignment control unit is located with respect to the second alignment control unit is formed by the first alignment control unit and the second alignment. Controlled by the control unit; phase 317049D01 11 200944884 The liquid crystal on the side where the third alignment control unit is located in the first alignment control unit is controlled by the first alignment control unit and the third alignment control unit. According to another aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device described above, the second alignment control unit and/or the third alignment control unit are formed by the edge of the first alignment control unit and the pixel electrode. A position that is equally divided around the area. In another aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device described above, the first alignment control unit has a portion parallel to an edge of the pixel electrode. According to another aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device, the alignment direction angle of the liquid crystal controlled by the first alignment control unit and the second alignment control intersecting with the first alignment control unit The angular difference between the alignment direction angles of the liquid crystals controlled by the part is less than 9 degrees. According to another aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device of the invention, the alignment direction angle of the liquid crystal controlled by the first alignment control unit and the third alignment control intersecting with the first alignment control unit The angular difference between the alignment direction angles of the liquid crystals controlled by the part is less than 9 degrees. In another aspect of the invention, in the liquid crystal display device described above, the pixel electrode is formed into an individual pattern for each pixel and has an arrow shape. [Embodiment] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings (hereinafter referred to as "embodiment"... 12 317049D01 200944884, and the first embodiment shows a semi-transparent use as a semi-transmissive LCD of the present embodiment. The basic cross-sectional structure of the transparent active matrix LCD. The semi-transmissive LCD of the present embodiment has a plurality of pixels, and the first electrode 200 and the second electrode 320 are formed on the opposite surface sides of each other. 1 and the second substrate are bonded to each other with the liquid crystal layer 4 therebetween interposed therebetween. At the same time, a penetration region 21A and a reflection region 220 are formed in each pixel region. ❹ A negative dielectric constant is used. The vertical alignment type liquid crystal is used as the liquid crystal layer 400', and an alignment control unit 500 (alignment division unit) for dividing the plurality of pixel regions into a plurality of alignment regions is provided on the second substrate side or the first substrate. The alignment control unit 5 The lanthanide system is composed of, for example, a protrusion 51 突出 protruding from the liquid crystal layer 400 as shown in FIG. 1 , an inclined portion 520 , and an electrodeless portion formed by a gap of the pixel electrode 200 in FIG. 1 . As described later, a transparent substrate such as glass is used for the first and second substrates 100 and 300. Indium tin oxide (ITO, Indium Tin Oxide) and indium zinc oxide (Indium Zinc) are formed on the first substrate 100 side. A transparent conductive metal oxide such as a transparent conductive metal oxide is used as a first electrode and a switching element such as a thin film transistor connected to the pixel electrode 200 in a pixel electrode 200 of an individual pattern of each pixel (not shown. 5)) A vertical alignment type alignment film 260 is formed on the entire surface of the first substrate covering the pixel electrode 200. The alignment film 26 is made of, for example, polyimide or the like, and in the present embodiment, no friction is used. Rubbingless, the initial alignment of the liquid crystal (the alignment in the non-applied state of electricity 13 317049D01 200944884) is perpendicular to the plane direction of the film. Furthermore, by the structure shown in Fig. 5 (specifically as described later), A transparent region 210 composed only of the transparent electrode and a reflective region formed by laminating a reflective film or a reflective electrode formed with the transparent electrode may be disposed in a formation region of one pixel electrode 200. 220. In the second substrate 300 to which the liquid crystal layer 400 is lost between the first substrate 100 and the first substrate 100, the r, g, and B color filter layers 330r and 330g are first placed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal. 330b is formed at a corresponding predetermined position. Further, a light shielding layer for preventing light leakage between pixels is provided in a gap (a gap of a pixel region) of each of the color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b (here, a black color filter) Light layer) 330BM. The color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b are formed with a gap adjusting portion 340 made of a light-transmitting material so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is in a region opposed to the reflective region 220 of each pixel ( The cell gap) dr is smaller than the thickness (cell gap) dt of the liquid crystal layer in the penetrating region 210 (dr) <dt). The thickness of the gap adjusting portion 340 corresponds to the liquid crystal layer required to obtain the most suitable transmittance and reflectance in the reflective region 220 through which the incident light passes through the liquid crystal layer 400 and the secondary pass region 220. The thickness d is set differently. Therefore, for example, 'the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is determined so that the most suitable transmittance can be obtained in the penetration region 210 where the gap adjustment portion 340 is not provided, and in the reflection region 220, the gap adjustment having the desired thickness is set. The portion 340 is such that a thickness d of the liquid crystal layer smaller than the penetration region 210 can be obtained. An electrode (common electrode) % 共 common to each pixel is formed so as to cover the entire surface of the second substrate 300 having the gap adjusting portion 340, and is used as the second electrode. The common electrode 32A is formed in the same manner as the above-described pixel electrode 2A, and a f-type metal oxide such as ruthenium or IZG can be formed. In the present embodiment, the protrusion portion 510' is formed on the common electrode 32G as an alignment control unit 5 that divides the liquid crystal alignment directions in one pixel region to form a plurality of regions having different alignment directions. The protrusions 510 are protruded toward the liquid crystal layer 4, and may be electrically conductive or insulating. Here, an insulating resin such as an acrylic resin or the like may be used as a desired pattern. Further, the protrusions 51 are formed in the penetration regions 210 and the reflection regions 22A in the respective pixel regions. It is not necessary to form the non-friction type alignment film 260 so as to cover the projections 51 and the common electrode 32, and it is of the same vertical alignment type as the first substrate side. As described above, the alignment film 260 has a liquid crystal aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane direction of the film, and a slope reflecting the shape of the raised portion 51 is formed at a position covering the protrusion 51'. Therefore, at the position where the projections 51Q are formed, the liquid crystal lanthanum is aligned in the vertical direction with respect to the inclined surface of the alignment film 26 covering the projections 51, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is divided by the projections 51 〇. Further, in the present invention, the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 provided on the second substrate side is inclined to a tapered shape, and the alignment film 260 covering the upper side of the gap adjusting portion continues the inclined surface to form a slope. The liquid crystal is also controlled to be perpendicular to the inclined surface, and the slope of the gap adjusting portion 34 is also used as the alignment control portion 500. In the transflective LCD shown in FIG. 1, a linear polarizing plate (first polarizing plate) 112, 317049D01 15 200944884, and 1/4 phase are provided on the outer side (the light source 600 side) of the first substrate 100. The wide wavelength band formed by the combination of the difference plate and the λ/2 phase difference plate; the I/4 plate (the first phase difference plate, the linear polarizing plate 112 and the phase difference plate 111 constitute a wide-wavelength band-shaped circular polarizing plate 11{ ). A phase difference plate 31 having a negative refractive index anisotropy is provided on the outer side (observation side) of the second substrate 300 as an optical compensation plate, and a combination of a /4 phase plate and an I/2 phase plate is further provided. The wide-wavelength band λ /4 plate (second retardation plate) 111 and the linear polarizing plate (second polarizing plate) 112 are the same as the first substrate side, and the linear polarizing plate 112 and the phase difference plate m are wide. The domain circular polarizing plate 110. Here, the arrangement relationship of the optical elements can be as shown in an example of the lower part of FIG. 1, the axis of the second polarizing plate is arranged at 45°, and the late phase axis of the first/fourth plate is configured to be 9〇. . The second phase / 4 board has a phase axis of 180. The axis of the second polarizing plate is 135. . The linearly polarized light that is emitted from the light source 600 and penetrates the linear polarizing plate 112 on the side of the first substrate 1 and in the direction of the polarization axis of the polarizing plate Π2 is made to have a phase difference in the first 1/4 plate 111. It deviates from /4 and becomes circularly polarized. Here, in the present embodiment, in order to improve the utilization efficiency (penetration ratio) of light in the liquid crystal cell, the component of R, G, and B, which is different in wavelength, is also set to be circularly polarized. Both the λ/4 phase plate and the Λ/2 phase plate serve as the wide-wavelength band λ/4 plate 111. The obtained circularly polarized light penetrates the pixel electrode 200 at the penetration region 210 to be incident on the liquid crystal layer 400. In the transflective LCD of the present embodiment, as described above, the use has a negative dielectric anisotropy (Δ ε The vertical alignment type liquid crystal of <0) is in the liquid crystal layer 400, and the vertical alignment type alignment film 260 is used. Therefore, in the non-applied state of the voltage, respectively, the direction perpendicular to the direction of the plane direction of the film 260049D01 200944884 toward the film 260 is increased as the applied electric power is increased, and the long axis direction of the liquid helium is formed and formed on the pixel electrode 200. It is inclined in such a manner as to be perpendicular to the electric field of the common electrode 32 (parallel to the plane direction of the substrate). When a voltage is not applied to the liquid crystal layer 400, the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer 400 does not change, and the circularly polarized light directly reaches the second substrate 300, and the second individual/fourth plate 111 eliminates the circularly polarized light and becomes linearly polarized. At this time, since the second polarizing plate 112 is disposed such that it is perpendicular to the direction of the linear polarization from the second; I / 4 plate in, the linear polarized light cannot penetrate perpendicular to the second polarizing plate 112. The second polarizing plate 112 of the transmission axis (polarizing axis) of the direction turns the display black. When a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 400, the liquid crystal layer 4 causes a phase difference between the incident circularly polarized light, for example, a reversed circularly polarized light, an elliptically polarized light, or a linearly polarized light, which is obtained by the second λ/4 plate 111. The light is further shifted by λ /4 phase to become linearly polarized light (parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizing plate), elliptically polarized light, and circularly polarized light, and these polarized light have a component along the polarization axis of the second polarizing plate ❾ 112, corresponding to the composition The light is emitted from the second polarizing plate ΐΐ2 toward the observation side, and is recognized as a display (white or halftone). Further, the 'phase retardation plate 310 is a negative retarder' capable of improving the optical characteristics when observing the LCD from an oblique direction, while drawing the angle of view. Further, instead of the negative retarder (31 〇) and the λ/4 plate 111, a one-axis two-axis phase difference plate having the two functions can be used, whereby the thickness of the LCD can be reduced and the transmittance can be improved. In the present embodiment, as described above, by the gap adjusting portion 34, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 400 (the liquid crystal cell 17 317049D01 200944884 gap) d which is the quality of the transmittance of the light is controlled to be in the penetration region. 210 has a desired gap from the reflective area 220. The main reason is that the light source 6 〇〇 from the light source 6 设置 disposed on the back side of the LCD (the first substrate 1 〇〇 side in FIG. 1 ) penetrates the liquid crystal layer 400 from the second substrate 300 . The amount of light emitted from the lateral outside (transmission rate) is controlled to be displayed, and in the reflective region 220, the light incident from the viewing side of the LCD toward the liquid crystal layer 400 is reflected by the region formed in the pixel electrode 200. The film is reflected and penetrates again through the liquid crystal layer 400 to control the amount of light emitted from the second substrate side toward the observation side (the reflectance of the LCD), thereby performing display, and the number of times of penetration of the liquid crystal layer is different. That is, since the light system penetrates the liquid crystal layer 400 twice in the reflective region 220, the cell gap dr must be set smaller than the cell gap dt of the penetrating region 210. In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the gap adjustment portion 340 having a desired thickness is provided only in the reflection region 220 of each region, thereby achieving the above dr <dt. The gap adjusting portion 340 is not particularly limited as long as it has light transmittance and can be formed into a desired thickness. For example, an acrylic resin or the like which is also used as a flat insulating layer or the like can be used. When the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 is used as a portion (inclined portion 520) of the alignment control portion 500 as described above, at least the taper angle must be less than 90 degrees with respect to the substrate plane. The reason is that if the taper angle is 9 degrees or more, the alignment of the liquid crystal is disturbed on the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340, and the common electrode 320 and the alignment film 26 formed on the gap adjusting portion 340 are also covered. Will become inadequate. In addition, the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 has no effect on the display itself. If the taper angle is too small, the side surface area of the gap adjusting portion 340 is increased, so that the aperture ratio of the pixel, especially the month 317049D01 18 200944884, is more The oblique taper angle of the side of the entire portion 340 of the reflection region for increasing the brightness is most lowered. As a result, the gap between the gaps and the film 26 is lowered, and the second electrode 320 of the upper layer can be made smaller than the angle at which the aperture ratio is lowered. 1 body = crystal division, and the range. /, the body is also said to be more than 3 to 8 degrees of inclination (four) of the whole ❹ gap adjustment material by will be as a ==:: bet. Then, the mixing property of the "intermediate starter" and the photopolymerizable monomer J is adjusted, and the side of the exposure setting portion 340 is a straight cone. Oblique taper angle. In order to make the gap such as ' alone or in combination with the following materials, the photopolymerization inhibitory effect caused by xenon gas, the use of the rattan to utilize the expansion of the surrounding oxygen pattern, and the use of the tree #光光Caused by, can form: Wang Shu; two: it. (4) The atmosphere is made by the oxygen near the surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 ==, and vice versa, because the substrate side is far from the surface, the curing effect is caused by the polymerization, and the flatning is insulated. The surface of the layer 38. The diffraction of the light which is formed as the upward exposure is also adjusted by the exposure means, for example, in the proximity exposure, the setting, etc., by using the effect of the large diffraction, the gap adjustment portion 340 adjusts the shape of the filament with the gap. Form a tapered cone with the removed area. Solution / m_, after development, by, for example, c to 18 〇 317049D01 19 200944884. (: The temperature is baked for 1 to 2 〇min (for example, 12 (rc, 8 min), the upper surface and the side surface of the gap adjusting portion 340 are melted to smooth the surface, and the side surface is dependent on the sleek The shape of the surface tension of the material itself changes to form a slanting cone. Here, the organic material used for the gap adjusting portion or the like is known to have a g line (436 nm) and an h line (4 〇 5) for the exposure light source. Materials such as the sensitivity of nm and i-line (248 nm), and the organic material having sensitivity to the i-line generally have a taper angle of 90 or more (reverse taper). Therefore, in the present embodiment, the gap adjusting portion is The material has sensitivity to the g-line and the h-line, and it is easy to form a series of acrylic acid of the oblique cone. In the embodiment, the liquid crystal layer is changed in the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 220 in a pixel region. The thickness d is simultaneously changed by the pixels of R, G, and B having different wavelengths to change the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer (however, the common gap can be set in R, G, and B according to the characteristics of the LCD). In the example, R, G, and B formed on the side of the second substrate 300, respectively. The thicknesses of the color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b are respectively changed to realize the gap d of all of R, G, and B. The configuration of not changing the thickness of the color filter layer is also possible in the penetration region 210. The gap adjusting portion 340' is provided to change the thickness of the gap adjusting portion 340 in each of the R, G, and B penetration regions 210 and the reflection region 220. And, in all of R, G, and B, even if the liquid crystal layer is not The thickness d is different from each other, and may be based on the characteristics of the LCD. For example, G is used for the same liquid crystal layer thickness as B, and only R is different from the other two colors, and only D for B may be changed. It is shown that the pixels of R, G, and B have different gaps. 20 317049D01 200944884 He is composed. (In the figure of Figure 2, the structure is the same in Figure 2, and the same structure in the figure is not mentioned) Brother 2 substrate side does not change between r, g, b between two base two: 彳: ^ as she said the lower layer of the flat = called two === - or a plurality of semi-exposure materials, will contain photosensitive materials Flat = material feed, 敎 敎 敎 可 = = = = = = 缘 缘 Β Β pixels with different thickness of the flattened insulation layer 3 8. Further, in the second cabinet, the reflective region is formed with irregularities on the planarization insulating layer 38. The unevenness of the surface of the insulating layer 38 allows the reflective layer to be formed on the flat layer = the insulating layer 38 in the reflective region. 44 continues this shape, and the unevenness is formed on the surface of the reflective layer, so that the person who shoots the liquid crystal layer is scattered, and the display quality of the area is improved. Also, it can be used for the above R, Ό, and will be flat. The insulating layer 38 is formed in a half exposure of different thicknesses, and is formed together without additional processes, and the unevenness in the reflective region of the planarization insulating layer 38 and the formation of the planarization insulating layer 38 for connecting the pixel electrode 2 and the TFT. Contact hole. Next, the specific structure of each pixel of the transflective LCD of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 3 is an example of the basic plane configuration of the transflective LCD of the embodiment, Fig. 4 is a basic cross-sectional structure along line A-A of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a B along the third drawing. B. Basic sectional structure of the line, Fig. 6 shows a specific configuration of the pixel electrode 200 of Fig. 3 and a thin film transistor connected thereto. In the planar configuration shown in FIG. 3, the individual pattern of each pixel 21 317049D01 200944884 pixel electrode 200 has an elongated hexagonal pattern in the vertical scanning direction of the pupil plane (downward direction in FIG. 3), and is contained in the length In the region of the upper side of the direction and the square shape (diamond or square in the figure) surrounded by the oblique line in the figure, as shown in Fig. 6, a reflective film is selectively formed, and a reflection area 22 is provided (^ And the remaining area of the hexagonal pixel electrode 2 is approximately the shape of the penetrating region 210. As can also be understood from Fig. 4, in order to make the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective region 220 (the ratio of the liquid crystal cell gap Mr ratio) The gap dt is small in the penetration region 210, and the gap adjustment layer 340 is formed on the second substrate 300, and is formed on the common electrode 320 in the example of Fig. 4. The end portion of the gap adjustment layer 340 in the pixel It is disposed at a position along the lower side of the quadrangular reflection region 220 that is substantially line symmetrical with the two upper sides of the hexagonal pixel electrode 200. Further, the horizontal scanning direction of the quadrangular reflection region 220 is connected (Fig. In the middle and right directions of the middle, the reflection region 220 is divided into the upper and lower sides in the horizontal scanning direction, and the cross section is formed on the second substrate 300 (specifically, the gap adjusting portion 340 in FIG. 4). The triangular projection 510r. Further, although omitted in FIG. 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the entire surface of the second substrate 300 including the projection 510 and the gap adjustment portion 340 is covered with a vertical alignment film. 260. Of course, the vertical alignment film 260 is formed on the entire surface side of the pixel electrode 200 including the first substrate side as in the first and second drawings. Therefore, 'the pixel electrode 2 is not between the pixel electrode 320. In the state where the voltage is applied, the long-axis direction (liquid crystal director) 410 of the liquid crystal is vertically aligned with respect to the plane direction 317049D01 22 200944884 of the vertical alignment film 26〇. By ^ ^ ^ . On the 300 side, on the inclined surface of the gap 510 of the protrusion 510 f, the liquid crystal finger 41 () is formed on the inclined surface of the alignment film 260 on the side opposite to the liquid crystal with respect to the continuation of the k-bevel surface. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, The reflection region 220 is divided into the protrusions 51 Or at the upper and lower positions, and forms an area where the alignment angles (alignment orientations) of the liquid crystals are different from each other by 180. Next, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, in the shape of the arrow feathers In the penetrating region 210 field 210, a position in which the elongated hexagonal pixel electrode 2 is equally divided in the vertical scanning direction (horizontal scanning direction) in the vertical scanning direction (corresponding to the center of the arrow feather) is on the second substrate. A projection portion 510t having a triangular cross section is formed on the side of the third side (specifically, above the common electrode 320). Although it is omitted in the same manner as in FIG. 4 in the fifth drawing, any one of the second substrate 3 side and the j-th substrate 100 side is formed on the contact surface with the liquid crystal as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 . The vertical alignment film 26A is also defined by the protrusions 51〇t formed on the second substrate 3〇〇 in the penetration region 21〇, and the alignment direction (alignment orientation) of the liquid crystals in the direction of 410 分割 is divided into mutual The difference is 18〇. The direction. In addition, in the present embodiment, the non-electrode region 530 is used as the alignment control unit 500, and in the example of the third to fifth embodiments, the first substrate 1 is disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 . The gap portion between the pixel electrodes 2 and 0 is used as the electrodeless portion 53 for alignment control. The alignment division by the electrodeless portion 530 utilizes the inclination of the weak electric field when voltage is applied between the pixel electrode 200 and the common electrode 320. Under the weak electric field, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the power line indicated by the broken line changes from the end of the electrodeless σ卩 (that is, the end of the 'electrode) to the center of the electrodeless portion 23 317049D01 200944884 Tilt in a wide way. Then, the short axis of the liquid crystal having the negative dielectric anisotropy is aligned along the oblique power line, and therefore, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted from the initial vertical alignment state with the rise in the applied voltage to the liquid crystal is The tilting electric field is determined. The hexagonal pixel electrode 200 shown in Fig. 3 has an end portion of the pixel electrode 200, that is, an electrodeless portion 530 having at least six sides. Therefore, the liquid crystal pointing 410 forms at least two alignment regions in the reflective region 220 in a pixel region due to the action of the protrusions 510 (510r, 510t) and the slope 520 and the electrodeless portion 530 around the pixel electrode 200. The penetrating region 210 forms two alignment regions of an alignment orientation different from either of the two regions of the reflective region 220, that is, a total of four regions having different alignment directions are formed. More specifically, the liquid crystal pointing 410 is controlled such that its plane component (orthogonal azimuth) is perpendicular to the extending direction of the projection 510 and the extending direction of the edge of the electrode (electrodeless portion). Therefore, even in the above four alignment regions, the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal in one of the regions is not completely the same. For example, in Fig. 3, at a position intermediate the vertical scanning direction of the penetrating region 210, the liquid crystal pointing 410 is aligned in a direction perpendicular to the edge of the projection 510t and the pixel electrode 200 extending in the vertical scanning direction. However, at the boundary of the penetration region 210, for example, with the reflection region 220, the inclined portion (projection portion) 520 of the gap adjustment portion 340 is intersected with the protrusion portion 510t of the penetration region 210 at an angle of more than 90 degrees, and with the approach With the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340, the alignment azimuth angle of the liquid crystal in the vicinity of the intersection is changed from the direction of the extending direction of the protruding portion 510 to the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the inclined portion 520 from 24 317 049 D01 200944884 • f . However, as described later, in the 'in-alignment region', the direction in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is changed (or the maximum angle) is set to be smaller, thereby setting the direction in which the alignment control unit 500 extends. The indefinite position of the alignment region produces a boundary (disclination line) of regions where the alignment angles of the liquid crystals are different. Next, the relationship between the extending direction ❹ of the alignment control unit 500 of the present embodiment and the alignment azimuth angle of the liquid crystal in each pixel region will be described. The mouth is a liquid-day knife, and has a characteristic difference in the direction of the long axis. Therefore, the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the protrusion 510t of the penetration region 2H) and the gap adjustment portion intersected with the protrusion 51〇t The angle difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal controlled by the inclined portion 520 of 340 is smaller than (10) degrees. In the example of Fig. 3, the angle of intersection between the dog-shaped portion 510 and the inclined portion 52〇 by the gap adjusting portion 34 is about 135. Degree, for this, the difference in alignment angle of the liquid crystal is 45 degrees. In this case, the intersection of the protrusion 51 〇t and the gap adjustment unit 34 ( ) is described as an example. However, there is a case where the physical portion is not crossed. In the present specification, the so-called crossover refers to each extension. The line crossings, in addition, when disposed on different substrates, refer to the intersection of the respective extension lines toward the same substrate plane. In addition, the angle of intersection between the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 and the side of the pixel electrode 200 of the penetrating region 210 is used (however, since the inclined portion 520 and the pixel electrode 200 are not formed on the same substrate, respectively, The angle of intersection of the projection lines toward the same substrate plane is about 45 degrees in the example of Fig. 3. The alignment azimuth angle of the liquid crystal controlled by the inclined portion 52 25 317049D01 200944884 is still at an angle of 90 degrees or less with respect to the alignment azimuth angle of the liquid crystal controlled by the edge of the pixel electrode 200, and is an angle smaller than 45 degrees. The angle between the protrusion 510·· near the lower end of the penetration region 210 and the edge of the pixel electrode 200 on the projection line toward the substrate plane is 45 degrees here, because the same liquid crystal molecules have no upper and lower characteristics difference, so The difference in alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal of the cross-attachment is smaller than 90 degrees, and here, it is 45 degrees or less. There is also a region in the penetration region 210 where the sides of the pixel electrode 200 cross each other. In the example of Fig. 3, the side extending in the vertical sweeping direction is the side extending from the vertex crossing the protrusion 510 toward the side along the vertical scanning direction, and the angle of intersection between the two sides is larger than 90 degrees. Here it is 135 degrees. The difference in the azimuth angle of the liquid crystal at the intersection is still due to the fact that the liquid crystal molecules have no difference in upper and lower characteristics, and therefore are also smaller than 90 degrees and are 45 degrees. Similarly, in the reflection region 220, the projection line of the alignment control portion toward the substrate plane (including the extension line) and the other alignment control portion 5 〇〇 the projection line of the substrate plane (including the extension line) are the areas of the parent fork. The alignment control unit 5A is provided such that the difference in the azimuth angles of the liquid crystals is smaller than 90 degrees. In other words, first, the protrusion portion 51 Or which is vertically divided in the alignment direction in the reflection region 220 is intersected with the inclined portion 520 of the gap adjustment portion 340 which is overlapped by the end portion of the pixel electrode 200 at an angle of less than 90 degrees. The angular difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal in the intersecting region is controlled to be less than .45 degrees below 90 degrees. The angle of intersection of the protrusion 51 Or with the edge of the pixel electrode 2 〇 () of the reflective region 220 (the angle of intersection with the projection line toward the substrate plane) also controls 317049D01 26 200944884 to be less than 90 degrees 'the liquid crystal of the intersections The angular difference of the alignment azimuth is also controlled to be less than 45 degrees below 9 degrees in the same manner as described above. As described above, when the alignment control unit 500 crosses the projection lines on the substrate plane, the alignment is determined such that the difference in the alignment azimuth angles of the liquid crystals controlled by the alignment control unit 500 is less than 9 degrees. The control unit 500 (the protrusion 510, the inclined portion 52A, and the electrodeless portion are in the shape of the pixel electrode 200 in the example of Fig. 3) 53〇;). Thereby, it is possible to surely prevent the occurrence of the disclination line at an indefinite position in the region divided by the alignment control unit. Further, the position of the pixel electrode 200 in the reflection region 220 is overlapped with each other (in the vicinity of the apex of the uppermost portion in the vertical scanning direction of the pixel electrode 2A in FIG. 3) and the gap adjusting portion is utilized. The intersection of the inclined portions 520 of 34 ( (near the joint of the V-shape), in the example of Fig. 3, the angle of intersection is 90 degrees. Of course, setting the crossing angle to less than 90 degrees or greater than 90 degrees is more awkward from the above point of view, but since the area of the diamond-shaped reflecting area 220 is smaller than that of the penetrating area 210, it can be prevented from being indefinite. The position is generated to the 'wrong line. Since the liquid crystal in the reflection region 220 strongly receives the alignment control by the sides of the protrusion portion 510r, the inclined portion 420, and the pixel electrode 200, the intersection of the side of the electrode 2A connected to the reflection region 220 and the utilization gap adjusting portion 340 are used. There is no physical alignment control unit 5〇〇 on the oblique line of the rhombic reflection region 220 at the intersection of the inclined surface portions 520. However, the adjacent alignment control unit 500 receives the equal control and the influence of the continuous body of the liquid crystal controlled in the vertical direction with respect to the extending direction of the protrusion 51〇, and the liquid crystal pointing at the position is 41〇. The plane component is as shown in Fig. 3, 317049D01 27 200944884, indicating that it is in the direction of the vertical scanning direction. Then, the end portion of the pixel electrode in the horizontal scanning direction is close to the pixel electrode of the edge 200 (530) and the gap adjusting portion 34
突起部51°Γ之影響’而被控制成朝向從與該St與 直之方向偏離少許之角度（未滿9〇度，在第3圖之例2 為小於45度）。因此，即使在反射區域22〇内 I 不定位置產生向錯線。 止在 ❹The projection 51 is controlled to be inclined from a slight deviation from the direction of the St (straight 9 degrees, and is less than 45 degrees in the second example of Fig. 3). Therefore, a disclination line is generated even in the indefinite position in the reflection region 22A. Stop at ❹
其次，如第6圖所示，對像素電極_及與 極連接之薄膜電晶體TFT之構成及製造方法加以說明。、 本實施形態中，如上所述，係為各像素具有薄膜電晶 所謂主動矩陣型LCD’而如第6圖所示，形成於第^ 100侧之像素電極200與基板100之間係形成有該薄膜電 晶體TFT。另外由於係為了儘量在一像素區域内高效率地 配置穿透區域21G及反射區域22G，尤其是不使穿透區域 210之開口率降低，因此係將在穿透型LCD中一般亦形成 於遮光區域之TFT配置於即使設置有該TFT也不會對開口 率產生影響之反射區域220。 在本實施形態中’係採用頂閘極型作為TFT，另外， 使用將非結晶矽（a-Si)用雷射退火而多結晶化得到之多 結晶石夕（P—Si)作為主動層20。當然’TFT不限定於頂閘極 槊p—Si，也可為底閘極型，主動層也可採用a_Si。TFT 之主動層20之源極·汲極區域20s、20d所摻雜之雜質可為 n導電型、p導電型中之任意一種，但在本實施形態中，係 採用播雜有鱗等η導電型雜質的η — oh型之tft。 317049D01 28 200944884 TFT之主動層2〇由閘極絕緣膜3〇予以覆蓋，閑極絕 緣膜30上形成有由Cr、M〇等高溶點金屬材料構成、並兼 作閘極線之問極電極32。且，該閑極電極％形成後，將 該閘極電極32作為遮罩而在主動層2()中形成將上述雜質 予以摻雜之源極及汲極區域2〇s、2〇d，以及形成 f^^,20c〇^,f^w^TFTii〇^^ 間絕緣膜34，在該層間絕緣膜34形成接觸孔後，形成電 ❹ ❹ 極材料，透過該接觸孔而分別將源極電極40連接於上述 ^主動層2G之源極區域2Qs，並將祕電極％連接於 =極區域20d。再者’在本實施形態中，沒極電極託兼作 jTFTllO供給與顯示内容相應之資料信號之信號線。另 方面’源極電極40如後所述，與作為像素電極之 極】〇M目連接。再者’没極電極36及源極電 ： 向導電性之例如六1等。 用 源極電極40及沒極電極36形成後，覆莫 形成由丙稀酸樹脂等樹脂材料構成之平坦化^膜％。其 次’在該平坦化絕緣臈38之源極電極4〇之形成區_成 接觸孔，並在該接觸孔中形成連接用金屬層&，而 極電極40與該金屬層42。源極電極4〇使用ai等葬、 由金屬層42採用M〇等金屬材料，而使源杨電極40與該ί 屬層42之連接成為良好的歐姆接觸。再者，也可省略極 電極40，此時，金屬層42係與Tmi〇之矽主動層二 接觸’而M。等金屬可與如此之半導體材料之間確立日歐姆接 317049D01 29 200944884 進行連接用金屬層42之㈣· _化後，首先在基板 全面藉由祕、雜等層疊反射相Α1 —Μ合金、Al等 反射特性較好之反射材料層。層叠之該反射材料層從TFT 之源極區域附近（金屬層42之形成區域）進行㈣去除，俾 不妨礙金屬層42及後面形成之像素電極200與TFT之接 觸，且同時進雜刻去除俾不殘存於穿透區域21〇，而將 如上述第3圖所示之外形在各像素之反射區域22〇形成篆 形圖案之反射層44。再者’為了防止向TFT(尤其是通道處 域2〇c)照射光而產生茂漏電流之情形，且為了儘量擴〆 反射區域（即顯示區域），而在本實施形態中，如第i調所 示，將反射層44也積極形成於TFT110之通道上方區碱。 在進行該種反射層44之圖案化時，由上述M〇等構成 之金屬層42具有足夠之厚度（例如：〇 2//〇1)，且對蝕刻浪 具有足夠之耐性。因此，將金屬層42上之反射層44進行 蝕刻去除後，該金屬層42也可未完全被去除而殘存於操觸 孔内。另外，在报多情況中，源極電極4〇等係由與反射層 44相同之材料（A1等）構成，故當不存在上述金屬層42绝， 源極電極40會被反射層44之蝕刻液浸蝕而產生斷線等。 但，本實施形態藉由設置金屬層42，而可耐受反射層44 之圖案化，並可維持與源極電極4〇之良好的電性連接。 在反射層44之圖案化後，藉由減鑛層疊透明導電廣而 將含有反射層44之基板全部表面予以覆蓋。在此，如上所 述，由A1等構成之反射層44之表面此時以絕緣性之自然 氧化膜覆蓋，而Mo等高溶點金屬即使暴露於滅鍍環境中其 30 317049D01 200944884 : 表面也不會氧化。因此，在接觸區域露出之金脣層42可 層疊於該金屬層42上之像素電極用透明導電層之間$ 姆接觸。再者，透明導電層在成膜後，係獨立於每—像素歐 且在一像素區域内共通於反射區域與穿透區域，並例如如 上述第3圖所示，圖案化成細長之六角形形狀，由此得到 像素電極200。另外，該像素電極2〇〇進行圖案化後，覆 蓋基板全部表面而形成由聚醯亞胺等構成之配向膜26〇, 〇從而完成第1基板側。然後，在第2基板300上形成如第 1圖及第2圖所示之r、g、b之彩色濾光層、共通電極、 間隙調整部340及突起部5i〇(510r、51〇t)、以及覆蓋該 等元件而形成之配向膜260，再將第2基板300與該第i 基板100以一定間隔分離並在基板之周邊部分貼合，且在 基板間封入液晶，從而得到LCD。 再者，在第1圖及第2圖之例子中，形成於第2基板 300侧之共通電極320係形成於間隙調整部340之上層， ❹在該共通電極320之期望位置則形成有突起部51〇ί>相對 於此，如第4圖所示’共通電極320亦可如第4圖所示般 形成於間隙調整部340之下方（實際上’為形成於第2基板 300上之彩色濾光層與間隙調整部34〇之間）。間隙調整部 340非常厚時，如第4圖所示’在間隙調整部340下方形 成共通電極320後’對液晶層410所施加之實效電壓變得 較低’但在將十分高之電壓施加於共通電極320與像素電 極200之間的情形中，或是間隙調整部34〇不太厚的情況 中，也可採用第4圖所示之構成。 31 317049D01 200944884 下面對本實施形態之半穿透型LCD之各像素之結構之 其他例子加以說明。第7圖為其他例子之半穿透型LCD之 基本平面構成，第8圖為沿第7圖之c — c，線之基本剖面 結構。再者，沿第7圖之D — D，線之基本剖面結構與上述 第5圖所示之基本剖面結構相同。 與上述第3圖所示之結構不同之點在於，首先像素電 極240之形狀在第7圖中之例子中為長方形，且在穿透區 域210及反射區域220之各四角形之區域内，在相當於其 四角形斜邊之位置形成有略X字狀之突起部510t、51〇r作 為配向控制部500。藉由該種配向控制部5〇〇，在穿透區域 210及反射區域220内以各突起部51 Ot、510r為境界，分 別形成液晶之配向方向不同之4個區域，從而進一步擴大 視角。 另外，在一像素區域内之穿透區域210之交界，如上 所述，在第2基板300側構成利用間隙調整部340之斜面 部520之配向控制部5〇〇，同時將與該斜面部520並列、 向水平掃描方向延伸之無電極部（狹缝：窗530s)530形成 於像素電極200。因此，在穿透區域210與反射區域22〇 之交界區域中，在第2電極側係藉由間隙調整部340之斜 面（傾斜部520)將液晶之初期配向控制為與該斜面垂直之 方向，同時在第1基板侧係藉由無電極部53〇s之如第8圖 所示之弱電場之傾斜，將液晶之配向控制為以該無電極部 530s為交界之不同之方向角。因此，可更加確實地進行在 穿透區域210與反射電極220之交界附近之液晶之配向分 3I7049D01 32 200944884 割。 如上所述，由像素電極200之邊緣、上述突起部5ι 及無電極部530S等構成之配向控制部5〇〇之 及 Ο Ο 分割數量也與上述第3圖所示之形態有所不同，3 = 圖所示之形態中’由某配向控制部_控制之液晶 方位角亦與由具有與該配向控制部議朝基板平面上 影線相交之投影線之其他配向控制部5⑽所控制之液晶: 配向方位角之角度差在無論在哪個交點都未滿⑽度。^曰 可確實防止在所分割之各配向區域内在不定位置產生向錯 線。另外，藉由採用上述第3圖及該第7圖所示之配向^ 制部500之圖案，可透過最小限度之配向控制部5〇〇之ς 成達成最大限度之配向分割數量及確實進行配向分割。本 實施形態中採用之垂直配向型液晶中，為在電壓非施加狀 態（亦即垂直配向狀態）下顯示為黑色，而不僅像素電極2QQ 之間隙正上方’還有在兵他配向控制部500(突起部510、 傾斜部520及狹缝530s)之正上方位置，即使在共通電極 320與像素電極200之間施加充分之電塵之狀態，液晶之 配向狀態亦幾乎不會從垂直配向狀態改變，而不影響顯 示。因此’無用之配向控制部500之配置會使LCD之開口 率下降。但’如果為上面說明之第3圖、第7圖所示之設 計’就可將開口率抑制在最小限度，且可擴大視角並提高 顯示品質。 第9圖及第10圖分別表示上述第3圖所示構成之其他 變形例。 317049D01 33 200944884 首=在第9圖中’將全部像素電極25〇形成為1 形狀射區域22G之形狀、構成與第3圖相同則作 不同點在於’在其餘之穿透區域㈣之圖㈣為 : 方Γ鼓型或略沙漏形狀’《M字上下相反聯結之形^ =犬起部㈣朝平面上之投影線與朝同一平面上^ 線相交之透明區域210之像素龍250之2邊均以比 大之角度（在此為135度）交叉。如上 =度 在長軸方向上下沒有特性# _ ”、、液日日为子 ΙΆ有㈣差’故該交又區域之 方位角之角度差健不到90度。另外，分別從與酉己= 部510t之交又位置朝沿著 忒大起 ?trn ^ 9 罝掃描方向延伸之像素電極 之2邊之下端延伸之像素電極250之下部之2邊，盘 =該垂直掃描方向之像素電極挪之邊之交叉角度不到如 度’在該區域中’液晶之配向方位角之最大差也不到9〇产 (在第9圖之例子中，比45度小）。因此，在穿透區域2f〇 内之2個配向區域内也可防止在不定位置產生向錯線。 。、在第10圖中，像素電極252之形狀為箭羽形狀，穿透 區域210之形狀（箭羽形狀）及構成與第3圖相同，但箭羽 形狀之像素電極252之其餘之反射區域220之形狀，以及 用以分割該區域内之液晶之配向之突起部510r之形成位 置有所不同。即，在第10圖之例子中’反射區域220也為 長度較短之箭羽形狀，在反射區域220與穿透區域21〇之 交界係由間隙調整部340之V字狀傾斜部520進行配向分 割’在連接該V字狀之頂點與反射區域220内之像素電極 252之相同v字狀之頂點之沿垂直掃描方向之線上，在第2 34 317049D01 200944884 :Μ侧（間_整部上）形成突_ 5l0r’以該突起部5i〇r 為交界使反射區域220在水平掃描方向形成有左右2個之 配向區域。在該種構成中，無論由哪個配 制之液晶之配向方位角與由具有與該配向控制部5〇〇朝基 &平面之投影線交叉之投影線之其他配向控制部5〇〇所控 ，之液晶之配向方位角之角度差係滿足^ % 係，故可進行良好之配向分割。 ❹ 其次，對本實施形態之垂直配㈣_透⑽之 電壓與穿透率及其波長之依存性加以說日月 第11 ffi表示向液晶施加之施加電壓 意單位）之關係，而係為以（del—n)d/wl ·/、牙，午L饪 配向液晶盒之光學特性，換言之，“J1)表示之垂直 之施加電壓與穿透率之關係。其中 I '之曰日盒之結構時 550nm(綠色）。在上述（i)式中，（del〜11圖中，wl為 射（即折射率異向性）（Δη)，d為液θ、η)為液晶層之複折 隙），wl冑人射光之波長。在_曰^厚度（液晶盒間 機上之小型LCD等中，係期望更加用機器等例如手 等’而從第η圖可知’在例如上 之液曰曰盒中，用以實現最大穿透率之施加電壓係3V左右即 可如果增大其值為1. ：l、1. 2時，可使驅動電麼為未滿 3V。透過調整d值而使用同樣之液晶材料、同一光源時， 也可進行非常低之電壓驅動，d值如第1@、第2圖等所 示，可由間隙調整部340、彩色濾光層33〇或平坦化絕緣 層38之厚度予以調整。 317049D01 35 200944884 另外，從式⑴具有“wl”成分理解可知，在本實施形 態之LCD中’其穿透特性具有波長依存性。第12圖中，在 將R、G、B之各像素之全部液晶層之厚度（液晶盒間隙）d 設為一定時，相對於施加電壓之穿透率特性對於 R(630nm)、G(550nm)、B(460nm)光之相異點。相對此，第 13圖表示如第1圖所示藉由在每一 R、G、B改變例如彩色 濾光層330r、330g、330b(可由間隙調整部340之厚度予 以調整）之厚度而調整了液晶盒間隙d之值之LCD施加電壓 與穿透率之關係。由第13圖可知’藉由將晶盒間隙d於R、 G、B分別設定為期望之值，而可對R、G、B任意光對於所 對應之各像素之施加電壓之穿透率特性均相同。因此，採 用該種構成’可知可藉由如上述第11圖所示之不到3V之 施加電壓，且可將R、G、B&同一振幅之顯示信號驅動。 另外，第14圖及第15圖表示色度（CIE之X — Y座標） 之施加電壓依存性。其中第14圖為如第12圖所示，使液 晶盒間隙在R、G、B相同時之LCD中’將施加於液晶之電 壓設定為1. 5V、2. 0V、2. 3V、2. 6V、3. 0V時之色度之變化， 第15圖為如第13圖所示，在R、G、B分別調整液晶盒間 隙而對於施加電壓之穿透率變化之色度依存性之内之LCD 中，將施加於液晶之電壓同樣設為1· 5V、2. 0V、2. 3V、2· 6V、 3. 0V時之色度之變化。由第14圖與第15圖之比較可知， 藉由在R、G、Β分別調整液晶盒間隙，可改善改變色度之 施加電壓依存性，亦即施加電塵時之色度偏離’而在各種 電壓範圍内驅動時均可實現色度偏離較小之LCD。 36 317049D01 200944884 : 實施形態2 接著，說明本發明之實施形態2，即謀求在色彩顯示 中提高顯示品質之態樣。以下，以垂直配向型液晶顯示裝 置之色彩顯示為例進行說明。 垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置，具有廣視角特性，以及高 對比度特性，並具有不需要配向膜的磨擦處理之優點。 在相關垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置中，由於液晶具有負 介電率異向性之特性，因此構成液晶之液晶分子具有朝向 ® 與電場方向垂直之方向之特性。這種液晶顯示裝置係採用 垂直配向膜作為控制液晶之初期配向之配向膜，並使用例 如聚醯亞胺（polyimide)、聚醯胺（polyamide)等有機材料 作為該垂直配向膜之材料。在垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置 中’在沒有施加於液晶之電場時，液晶分子係猎由垂直配 向膜而被控制成朝向垂直配向膜所形成之基板之法線方 向。而當在像素電極與共通電極間施加電壓，從而產生基 ❹板之法線方向之電場時，有這些電場控制之區域的液晶分 子則倒向垂直於電場之方向。 藉此，傳送至液晶中之入射光之相位會發生變化。當 將夾住液晶之基板間之距離（間隙）當做d、將液晶之折射 率當做Δη、將光波長當做λ，則傳送至液晶中之入射光之 相位變化為又。接著，藉由使穿透過液晶之光通過貼 附於前述基板之偏光板，可使入射光之穿透率變化，而可 獲得所希望之液晶顯示。在這種情況中，例如，係設定前 述偏向偏光板，俾在無電壓施加時進行黑顯示，並在電壓 37 317049D01 200944884 施加時’以一定電壓（白電壓White)使入射光之穿透率為 最大。 有關該種垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置，最近亦正開發復 具有.RGB3原色之像素·之令私夕赤古龙1 "京之王如之垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置。 但是’全彩垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置中，由於通過依 RGB3原色各像素不同之顏色之彩色濾光層之光的波長又， 係根據各像素不同而不同，因此無法以—定電壓使穿透率 為最大。亦即’如帛17C圖所示，依各RGB像素，ν_τ特 性（穿透率對液晶施加電壓之特性）係不同β ν_τ特性中， 穿透率Τ隨著液晶施加電壓ν的增加而增加，若超出最大 值，則轉向減少。一般在RGB中，係配合以最低電壓而穿 透率T變咼之B(藍），而設定白電壓vwhi k作為液晶施加 電壓V。 在施加該白電麗Vwhite時，由於G(綠）與R(紅）沒有 達到100%之穿透率，因此產生白色會被識認為偏藍之問 題。因此，使R像素之液晶施加電壓（驅動電壓）變高，雖 可改善此種色偏之問題，但將產生液晶顯示裝置之消費電 力增大的問題。 第16圖係有關本發明之實施形態2之垂直配向型液晶 顯示裝置之剖面圖。其中，與前述實施形態1(特別是第1 圖）共通構成者係附上相同符號，並省略說明。本實施形態 2與前述實施形態1相同，係以在作為RGB3原色之顯示用 之各個相應像素内，具備穿透區域以及反射區域，而無論 周圍環境是明亮或昏暗都方便觀察之半穿透型LCD為例進 38 317049D01 200944884 行說明，然而也適用於具備RGB3原色之像素之穿透型LCD 或反射型LCD。 在第一玻璃基板100上，在RGB3原色之各像素内’分 別形成有液晶驅動用ΊΤΓ20，並形成有覆蓋這些液晶驅動 用TFT20之層間絕緣膜（在其上形成平坦化絕緣膜則更 佳）34。該層間絕緣膜34上之各像素區域内，形成有像素 電極200。在穿透區域係由ΙΤ0構成之透明電極2丨〇形成 像素電極200,在反射區域則由例如鋁等具良好反射特性 ® 之材料構成之反射電極220形成像素電極2〇〇。 在B像素中，反射電極220(b)係透過形成於層間絕緣 膜34之接觸孔與液晶驅動用TFT20之源極或汲極相連接， 反射電極220並與透明電極210接觸並電性連接。同樣， 在G像素、R像素中’反射電極220亦分別透過形成於層 間絕緣膜34之接觸孔而連接於液晶驅動用TFT20之源極或 汲極’反射電極220並與透明電極210接觸並電性連接。 ❹當反射電極220與透明電極210之直接接觸有困難之情 況，如前述對第6圖所做之說明，較宜將反射電極220實 際上與TFT20絕緣，並直接覆蓋反射電極220而在1像素 區域全體形成由透明導電性金屬氧化物構成之透明電極 210，透明電極210係透過接觸孔與TFT20連接。 形成由例如聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺等有機材料構成之第一 垂直配向膜262，覆蓋各像素之透明電極210、反射電極 220 〇 此外，與前述第一玻璃基板100相對之第二玻璃基板 39 317049D01 200944884 300係配置成與基板100平行。在第二玻璃基板300之與 第一玻璃基板100之相對面，對應於RGB3原色之各像素， 而將來自第二基板300側或來自如第1圖所示之配置於第 一基板100側之光源、或是來自第二基板300侧之外光之 光源之入射至液晶層400，並射向第二玻璃基板200的入 射光進行過濾。且形成有使藍色光透過之B色濾光層 332b、使綠色光透過之g色濾光層332g、以及使紅色光透 過之R色濾光層332r。 並且’在各像素之各反射區域中，對應B色濾光層332b 之反射區域之區域係形成有由感光性樹脂形成之突出部 340b’對應G色濾光層332g之反射區域之區域係形成有由 感光性樹脂形成之突出部34〇g、對應r色濾光層332r之 反射區域之區域係形成有感光性樹脂形成之突出部34〇r。 這些突起部340(340b、340g、340r)係為在實施形態1中 亦有說明之在反射區域與穿透區域中，用於調整所要求之 間隙之間隙調整層（間隙調整用突出部），藉由將該間隙調 整層340選擇性地設置於反射區域，使反射區域之第—破 璃基板100與第二玻璃基板3〇〇之相向距離（間隙）比透明 區域更小’使反射特性良好（在反射區域之顯示特性）^此 外’在本例中’在r、G、B之各像素中，突出部34〇之厚 度係設為共通。 再者’覆蓋分別設置有突出部34〇之b色濾光層332b、 G色遽光層332g以及R色濾光層332r，而形成由IT〇構成 之透明共通電極320，再覆蓋該共通電極32〇而形成由例 40 317049D01 200944884 : 如聚醯亞胺、聚醯胺等有機係材料構成之第2垂直配向膜 264。然後，在第一玻璃基板100與第二破璃基板3〇〇間之 空間，封入具有負介電率異向性之液晶400。 第一玻璃基板100之背面（光之射出面）係貼附有作為 相位差板之λ/4板111以及偏光板112。同樣，在第二玻 璃基板200之背面（光射出面）係貼附有作為位差板之又/4 板111以及偏光板112。藉此，設定成：依據像素電極以 及共通電極214之電壓設定，在液晶400無電壓施加時， 朝液晶層400射入之入射光不會從第二玻璃基板300侧向 外部射出通過，從而實現黑顯示；而當電壓施加於液晶層 400時’對應該電壓之來自第二玻璃基板300側而向外部 射出之光會增加’亦即入射光於液晶層之穿透率會增加。 在本實施形態2中，其特徵為Β、G、R之各彩色濾光 層之332b、332g、332r之厚度設定。當使Β色濾光層332b 之厚度為D-blue、G色濾光層332g之厚度為D-green、R ©色濾光層332r之厚度為D-red時。 則滿足D-bl ue 2 D-green > D-red之關係式。在RGB之 各像素之穿透區域中’間隙（夾於兩基板間之液晶厚度)與 各彩色遽光層之大小關係成為相反關係。即，當使B像素 之透明區域之間隙為G-blue(T)、G像素之透明區域之間隙 為G-green(T)、R像素之透明區域之間隙為G—red(;T)時， 其關係為 G-red(T)2G-green(T)>G-blue(T)。這樣，將 B 色渡光層201、G色濾光層202、R色濾光層203之厚度設 定成各不相同，使各像素之間隙（也稱為液晶盒間隙）不 41 317049D01 200944884 同’可使RGB之各像素的V_T特性均—化。 接著’有關RGB之各像素之ν_τ特性， ★ 示之實驗結果進行說明。第17Α至17c圖中根據第2圖所 於液晶300之電壓，縱軸為入射光之穿透率，橫軸為施加 首先，如第17C圖所示，在D-blUe=j)、' 情況（所有彩色遽光層厚度相同之情況），各 red之Next, as shown in Fig. 6, the configuration and manufacturing method of the pixel electrode _ and the thin film transistor TFT connected to the electrode will be described. In the present embodiment, as described above, each pixel has a thin film electro-crystal so-called active matrix type LCD'. As shown in FIG. 6, the pixel electrode 200 formed on the (100th) side and the substrate 100 are formed with The thin film transistor TFT. In addition, in order to efficiently dispose the penetration region 21G and the reflection region 22G in a pixel region as much as possible, in particular, the aperture ratio of the penetration region 210 is not lowered, so that it is generally formed in the transmissive LCD. The TFT of the region is disposed in the reflective region 220 which does not affect the aperture ratio even if the TFT is provided. In the present embodiment, a top gate type is used as the TFT, and a polycrystalline stone (P-Si) obtained by multi-crystallization of amorphous alum (a-Si) by laser annealing is used as the active layer 20 . Of course, the TFT is not limited to the top gate 槊p-Si, but may be the bottom gate type, and the active layer may also be a_Si. The impurity doped in the source/drain regions 20s and 20d of the active layer 20 of the TFT may be any one of an n-conducting type and a p-conducting type. However, in the present embodiment, η-conducting such as scaly or scaly is used. η of the type impurity - tft of the oh type. 317049D01 28 200944884 The active layer 2 of the TFT is covered by the gate insulating film 3〇, and the pad electrode 32 is formed of a metal material having a high melting point such as Cr or M〇 and serving as a gate electrode. . After the gate electrode % is formed, the gate electrode 32 is used as a mask to form source and drain regions 2〇s, 2〇d for doping the impurities in the active layer 2(), and Forming an insulative film 34 of f^^, 20c〇^, f^w^TFTii〇, after the interlayer insulating film 34 forms a contact hole, an electric ❹ 材料 material is formed, and the source electrode is respectively transmitted through the contact hole 40 is connected to the source region 2Qs of the active layer 2G, and connects the secret electrode % to the =polar region 20d. Further, in the present embodiment, the electrodeless electrode holder also serves as a signal line for supplying a data signal corresponding to the display content by the jTFT 110. On the other hand, the source electrode 40 is connected to the pixel electrode as a pixel electrode as will be described later. Further, the electrodeless electrode 36 and the source electrode have a conductivity of, for example, six or the like. After the source electrode 40 and the electrodeless electrode 36 are formed, the planarization film % composed of a resin material such as an acrylic resin is formed. Next, the formation region of the source electrode 4 of the planarization insulating germanium 38 is formed as a contact hole, and a metal layer for connection & and the electrode electrode 40 and the metal layer 42 are formed in the contact hole. The source electrode 4 is made of ai or the like, and the metal layer 42 is made of a metal material such as M ,, and the source Yang electrode 40 is connected to the lusole layer 42 to be a good ohmic contact. Further, the electrode 40 may be omitted, and in this case, the metal layer 42 is in contact with the active layer of Tmi, and M is used. After the metal can be connected to such a semiconductor material, the ohmic connection is established 317049D01 29 200944884. After the (4)· _ of the metal layer 42 for connection, the substrate is firstly laminated on the substrate by a secret or a mixture of impurities, such as a bismuth alloy, Al, or the like. A reflective material layer with better reflection characteristics. The layer of the reflective material layer is removed (4) from the vicinity of the source region of the TFT (the region in which the metal layer 42 is formed), and the contact between the metal layer 42 and the pixel electrode 200 formed later and the TFT is not hindered, and at the same time, the impurity is removed. The reflective layer 44 of the meandering pattern is formed in the reflective region 22 of each pixel as shown in FIG. 3, without remaining in the penetrating region 21〇. Furthermore, in order to prevent the leakage current from being emitted to the TFT (especially the channel region 2〇c), and to expand the reflection region (ie, the display region) as much as possible, in the present embodiment, as in the i-th As shown, the reflective layer 44 is also actively formed in the region above the channel of the TFT 110. When patterning of such a reflective layer 44 is performed, the metal layer 42 composed of the above M〇 or the like has a sufficient thickness (e.g., 〇 2//〇1) and is sufficiently resistant to etching waves. Therefore, after the reflective layer 44 on the metal layer 42 is etched away, the metal layer 42 may not be completely removed and remain in the handle hole. In addition, in the case of multiple reports, the source electrode 4 is formed of the same material (A1 or the like) as the reflective layer 44. Therefore, when the metal layer 42 is absent, the source electrode 40 is etched by the reflective layer 44. The liquid is etched to cause disconnection. However, in the present embodiment, by providing the metal layer 42, the patterning of the reflective layer 44 can be withstood, and a good electrical connection with the source electrode 4 can be maintained. After the patterning of the reflective layer 44, the entire surface of the substrate containing the reflective layer 44 is covered by the reduced ore-plated transparent conductive. Here, as described above, the surface of the reflective layer 44 composed of A1 or the like is covered with an insulating natural oxide film at this time, and the high melting point metal such as Mo is exposed to the deplating environment, 30 317049D01 200944884 : Will oxidize. Therefore, the gold lip layer 42 exposed at the contact region can be laminated between the transparent electrode layers for the pixel electrodes on the metal layer 42. Moreover, after the film is formed, the transparent conductive layer is common to each of the pixel regions and is common to the reflective region and the penetrating region in a pixel region, and is patterned into a slender hexagonal shape, for example, as shown in FIG. 3 above. Thereby, the pixel electrode 200 is obtained. Further, after the pixel electrode 2 is patterned, the entire surface of the substrate is covered to form an alignment film 26A made of polyimide or the like, and the first substrate side is completed. Then, on the second substrate 300, the color filter layers r, g, and b shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the common electrode, the gap adjusting portion 340, and the protrusions 5i (510r, 51〇t) are formed. And the alignment film 260 formed by covering the elements, and the second substrate 300 and the ith substrate 100 are separated at a predetermined interval and bonded to each other at a peripheral portion of the substrate, and liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates to obtain an LCD. Further, in the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the common electrode 320 formed on the second substrate 300 side is formed on the upper layer of the gap adjusting portion 340, and a protrusion is formed at a desired position of the common electrode 320. In contrast, as shown in FIG. 4, the common electrode 320 may be formed below the gap adjusting portion 340 as shown in FIG. 4 (actually, it is a color filter formed on the second substrate 300). The light layer is between the gap adjusting portion 34A). When the gap adjusting portion 340 is very thick, as shown in FIG. 4, 'the effective voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 410 becomes lower after the common electrode 320 is formed under the gap adjusting portion 340', but a very high voltage is applied to In the case of between the common electrode 320 and the pixel electrode 200, or in the case where the gap adjusting portion 34 is not too thick, the configuration shown in Fig. 4 may be employed. 31 317049D01 200944884 Next, another example of the configuration of each pixel of the transflective LCD of the present embodiment will be described. Fig. 7 is a basic plane configuration of a semi-transmissive LCD of another example, and Fig. 8 is a basic sectional structure of the line along c-c of Fig. 7. Further, along the D-D of Fig. 7, the basic cross-sectional structure of the line is the same as that of the basic cross-sectional structure shown in Fig. 5. The difference from the structure shown in FIG. 3 is that the shape of the pixel electrode 240 is first rectangular in the example of FIG. 7, and is in the area of each of the penetrating region 210 and the reflecting region 220. The X-shaped projections 510t and 51〇r are formed as the alignment control unit 500 at the position of the quadrangular oblique side. According to the alignment control unit 5, four regions having different alignment directions of the liquid crystals are formed in the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 220 with the respective projections 51 Ot and 510r as boundaries, thereby further expanding the viewing angle. Further, as described above, the alignment control unit 5A of the inclined surface portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 is formed on the second substrate 300 side at the boundary between the penetration regions 210 in one pixel region, and the inclined surface portion 520 is simultaneously formed. The electrodeless portion (slit: window 530s) 530 which is juxtaposed and extends in the horizontal scanning direction is formed on the pixel electrode 200. Therefore, in the boundary region between the penetration region 210 and the reflection region 22, the initial alignment of the liquid crystal is controlled to be perpendicular to the slope by the slope (inclined portion 520) of the gap adjustment portion 340 on the second electrode side. At the same time, the alignment of the liquid crystal is controlled by the inclination of the weak electric field as shown in FIG. 8 on the first substrate side by the electrodeless portion 53 〇 s, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal portion 530s is different. Therefore, the alignment of the liquid crystal in the vicinity of the boundary between the penetrating region 210 and the reflective electrode 220 can be more surely performed. As described above, the number of divisions of the alignment control unit 5 including the edge of the pixel electrode 200, the protrusions 5i and the electrodeless portion 530S, and the like is different from that of the above-described third embodiment. = In the form shown in the figure, the liquid crystal azimuth controlled by a certain alignment control unit is also controlled by a liquid crystal controlled by another alignment control unit 5 (10) having a projection line intersecting the alignment line on the substrate plane of the alignment control unit: The angular difference of the azimuth is not (10) degrees at any intersection. ^曰 It is possible to surely prevent the occurrence of a disclination at an indefinite position in each of the divided alignment regions. Further, by adopting the patterns of the alignment control unit 500 shown in the third figure and the seventh embodiment, it is possible to achieve the maximum number of alignment divisions and the actual alignment through the minimum alignment control unit 5 segmentation. In the vertical alignment type liquid crystal used in the present embodiment, it is displayed in black in a voltage non-applied state (that is, in a vertical alignment state), and not only in the gap immediately above the pixel electrode 2QQ, but also in the military alignment control unit 500 ( The position directly above the protrusion 510, the inclined portion 520, and the slit 530s), even if a sufficient electric dust is applied between the common electrode 320 and the pixel electrode 200, the alignment state of the liquid crystal hardly changes from the vertical alignment state. Without affecting the display. Therefore, the arrangement of the useless alignment control unit 500 causes the aperture ratio of the LCD to decrease. However, if it is the design shown in Figs. 3 and 7 described above, the aperture ratio can be minimized, and the viewing angle can be enlarged and the display quality can be improved. Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show other modifications of the configuration shown in Fig. 3, respectively. 317049D01 33 200944884 First = in Fig. 9 'The shape of all the pixel electrodes 25 为 is formed into a shape of the shape of the area 22G, and the configuration is the same as that of the third figure. The difference is that the figure (4) in the remaining penetration area (4) is : Fang Drum type or slightly hourglass shape 'M-shaped upper and lower opposite joint shape ^ = dog starting part (four) projection line on the plane and the transparent area 210 intersecting the same plane on the same line Cross at a larger angle (135 degrees here). The above = degree has no characteristic # _ ” in the long axis direction, and the liquid day and day are sub- ΙΆ (four) difference ′, so the angle difference of the azimuth of the intersection and the area is less than 90 degrees. In addition, respectively, from the 酉 = = The intersection of the portion 510t is located at two sides of the lower portion of the pixel electrode 250 extending along the lower end of the two sides of the pixel electrode extending in the scanning direction of the trn ^ 9 ,, and the pixel electrode of the vertical scanning direction is moved. The angle of intersection of the edges is less than the degree 'in this region', the maximum difference in the azimuth of the liquid crystal is not as high as 9 ( (in the example of Fig. 9, it is smaller than 45 degrees). Therefore, in the penetration region 2f It is also possible to prevent a disclination line from being generated at an indefinite position in the two alignment regions in the crucible. In Fig. 10, the shape of the pixel electrode 252 is an arrow feather shape, and the shape of the penetration region 210 (arrow shape) and composition The same as FIG. 3, but the shape of the remaining reflective area 220 of the pixel-shaped pixel electrode 252 and the position of the protrusion 510r for dividing the alignment of the liquid crystal in the area are different. In the example of the figure, the 'reflection area 220 is also a shorter length arrow. The shape is intersected by the V-shaped inclined portion 520 of the gap adjusting portion 340 at the boundary between the reflecting region 220 and the penetrating region 21A. 'The same is true for the pixel electrode 252 connected to the V-shaped apex in the reflective region 220. The vertex of the v-shape is along the line perpendicular to the scanning direction, and the second side is formed on the second side of the 34th 317049D01 200944884: the Μ side (the upper part) is formed with the protrusion 5i〇r as the boundary, and the reflection area 220 is horizontally scanned. The direction is formed by two right and left alignment regions. In this configuration, the orientation azimuth of the liquid crystal is different from the projection line having the projection line intersecting the alignment control unit 5 toward the base & The alignment control unit 5 controls the angular difference of the alignment azimuth of the liquid crystal to satisfy the ^% system, so that good alignment can be performed. ❹ Next, the voltage and penetration of the vertical (4)_transmission (10) of the present embodiment are performed. The dependence of the rate and its wavelength is said to be the relationship between the applied voltage of the liquid crystal on the 11th ffi of the sun and the moon, and is the alignment of the liquid crystal cell with (del-n)d/wl ·/, teeth, and L Optical properties, The relationship between the applied voltage and the transmittance of the vertical represents the words, "J1). The structure of the I's day box is 550nm (green). In the above formula (i), (in the graph of Del~11, wl is the shot (i.e., refractive index anisotropy) (Δη), d is the liquid θ, η) is the complex crease of the liquid crystal layer), wl 胄 human light The wavelength. In the thickness of _ 曰 ( ( 小型 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型 小型When the applied voltage is about 3V, if the value is increased by 1. :1 or 1.2, the driving power can be less than 3V. When the same liquid crystal material and the same light source are used by adjusting the d value, It is also possible to perform very low voltage driving, and the d value can be adjusted by the thickness of the gap adjusting portion 340, the color filter layer 33, or the planarization insulating layer 38 as shown in the first @, second, etc. 317049D01 35 200944884 From the understanding of the "wl" component of the formula (1), it is understood that the transmittance of the LCD of the present embodiment has a wavelength dependence. In Fig. 12, the thickness of all the liquid crystal layers of each of the pixels of R, G, and B is obtained. When the liquid crystal cell gap d is constant, the transmittance characteristics with respect to the applied voltage are different from those of R (630 nm), G (550 nm), and B (460 nm) light. 1 shows by changing, for example, color filter layers 330r, 330g, 330b at each R, G, B (may be The relationship between the LCD applied voltage and the transmittance is adjusted by the thickness of the gap adjusting portion 340. The relationship between the LCD applied voltage and the transmittance is adjusted by the thickness of the cell gap d. From Fig. 13, it can be seen that 'by the cell gap d is R, G, B The values are set to the desired values, and the transmittance characteristics of the applied voltages of the respective lights of R, G, and B are the same for the corresponding pixels. Therefore, the configuration of the present invention can be seen as shown in FIG. The applied voltage is less than 3V, and R, G, B& display signals of the same amplitude can be driven. In addition, Figures 14 and 15 show the applied voltage dependence of chromaticity (X-Y coordinate of CIE). 5伏,2. 0V, 2. 3V, 2. V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 0V, 2. 2. The change of chromaticity at 6V, 3.0V, Fig. 15 is the chromaticity dependence of the change of the transmittance of the applied voltage in the R, G, and B, respectively, as shown in Fig. 13 In the LCD, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal is also set to change in chromaticity at 1·5V, 2.0V, 2.3V, 2·6V, 3. 0V. From the comparison between Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, it can be seen that by adjusting the cell gaps in R, G, and Β, the voltage dependence of the chromaticity can be improved, that is, the chromaticity deviation when applying electric dust is In the case of driving in various voltage ranges, an LCD having a small chromaticity deviation can be realized. 36 317049D01 200944884 : Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described, in which the display quality is improved in color display. The color display of the vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device will be described as an example. The vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device has wide viewing angle characteristics, high contrast characteristics, and has the advantage of eliminating the need for the rubbing treatment of the alignment film. In the related vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, since the liquid crystal has a characteristic of negative dielectric anisotropy, the liquid crystal molecules constituting the liquid crystal have a characteristic of being perpendicular to the direction of the electric field. This liquid crystal display device employs a vertical alignment film as an alignment film for controlling the initial alignment of the liquid crystal, and uses an organic material such as polyimide or polyamide as the material of the vertical alignment film. In the vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, when no electric field is applied to the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal molecules are controlled by the vertical alignment film to be oriented in the normal direction of the substrate formed by the vertical alignment film. When a voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode to generate an electric field in the normal direction of the substrate, the liquid crystal molecules in the region controlled by the electric field are reversed in the direction perpendicular to the electric field. Thereby, the phase of the incident light transmitted to the liquid crystal changes. When the distance (gap) between the substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal is taken as d, the refractive index of the liquid crystal is regarded as Δη, and the wavelength of light is regarded as λ, the phase change of the incident light transmitted to the liquid crystal is again. Then, by passing the light that has passed through the liquid crystal through the polarizing plate attached to the substrate, the transmittance of the incident light can be changed, and a desired liquid crystal display can be obtained. In this case, for example, the polarizing plate is set, the black display is performed when no voltage is applied, and the transmittance of the incident light is made with a certain voltage (white voltage White) when the voltage is applied at 37 317049D01 200944884. maximum. With regard to such a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device having a pixel of RGB3 primary color has been recently developed. However, in the 'full-color vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device, since the wavelength of the light passing through the color filter layer of the color different from each pixel of the RGB3 primary color is different depending on each pixel, it is impossible to penetrate with a constant voltage. The rate is the highest. That is, as shown in Fig. 17C, the ν_τ characteristic (the characteristic of the transmittance applied to the liquid crystal) is different according to the RGB pixel, and the transmittance Τ increases as the liquid crystal application voltage ν increases. If the maximum value is exceeded, the steering is reduced. Generally, in RGB, the B (blue) with the lowest voltage and the transmittance T is changed, and the white voltage vwhi k is set as the liquid crystal application voltage V. When the white rosette Vwhite is applied, since G (green) and R (red) do not reach 100% of the transmittance, white is recognized as a problem of being bluish. Therefore, the liquid crystal application voltage (driving voltage) of the R pixel is increased, and the problem of such color shift can be improved, but the problem of an increase in the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device arises. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the above, the same components as those in the first embodiment (particularly in the first embodiment) are denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be described. In the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the transmissive region and the reflective region are provided in the respective pixels for display of the RGB 3 primary colors, and the semi-transparent type is easily observed regardless of whether the surrounding environment is bright or dim. The LCD is described as an example of the line 38 317049D01 200944884, but it is also applicable to a penetrating LCD or a reflective LCD having pixels of RGB 3 primary colors. In the first glass substrate 100, the liquid crystal driving germanium 20 is formed in each of the RGB3 primary colors, and an interlayer insulating film covering the liquid crystal driving TFTs 20 is formed (it is preferable to form a planarizing insulating film thereon) 34. A pixel electrode 200 is formed in each of the pixel regions on the interlayer insulating film 34. The pixel electrode 200 is formed by a transparent electrode 2 formed of ΙΤ0 in the penetration region, and the pixel electrode 2 is formed by a reflective electrode 220 made of a material having a good reflection property such as aluminum in the reflection region. In the B pixel, the reflective electrode 220 (b) is connected to the source or the drain of the liquid crystal driving TFT 20 through a contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 34, and the reflective electrode 220 is in contact with and electrically connected to the transparent electrode 210. Similarly, in the G pixel and the R pixel, the reflective electrode 220 is also connected to the source or the drain 'reflecting electrode 220 of the liquid crystal driving TFT 20 through the contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film 34, and is in contact with the transparent electrode 210 and electrically Sexual connection. When the direct contact between the reflective electrode 220 and the transparent electrode 210 is difficult, as described above for FIG. 6, it is preferable to insulate the reflective electrode 220 from the TFT 20 and directly cover the reflective electrode 220 at 1 pixel. A transparent electrode 210 made of a transparent conductive metal oxide is formed in the entire region, and the transparent electrode 210 is connected to the TFT 20 through the contact hole. Forming a first vertical alignment film 262 made of an organic material such as polyimide or polyamine, a transparent electrode 210 covering each pixel, a reflective electrode 220, and a second glass substrate opposite to the first glass substrate 100 39 317049D01 200944884 The 300 series is configured to be parallel to the substrate 100. The surface of the second glass substrate 300 opposite to the first glass substrate 100 corresponds to the pixels of the RGB 3 primary colors, and is disposed on the side of the second substrate 300 or from the side of the first substrate 100 as shown in FIG. The light source or the light source from the light other than the second substrate 300 side is incident on the liquid crystal layer 400, and the incident light that is incident on the second glass substrate 200 is filtered. Further, a B color filter layer 332b for transmitting blue light, a g color filter layer 332g for transmitting green light, and an R color filter layer 332r for transmitting red light are formed. Further, in each of the reflection regions of the respective pixels, a region corresponding to the reflection region of the B color filter layer 332b is formed with a region in which the projection portion 340b' formed of the photosensitive resin corresponds to the reflection region of the G color filter layer 332g. A protruding portion 34〇g formed of a photosensitive resin and a protruding portion 34〇r formed of a photosensitive resin are formed in a region corresponding to a reflective region of the r-color filter layer 332r. The protrusions 340 (340b, 340g, and 340r) are the gap adjustment layers (gap adjustment protrusions) for adjusting the required gap in the reflection area and the penetration area, as described in the first embodiment. By selectively providing the gap adjusting layer 340 to the reflective region, the opposing distance (gap) of the first glass substrate 100 and the second glass substrate 3〇〇 of the reflective region is smaller than that of the transparent region, so that the reflection characteristics are good. (Display Characteristics in Reflecting Region) ^ In addition, in this example, in each of the pixels of r, G, and B, the thickness of the protruding portion 34 is set to be common. Further, 'the b color filter layer 332b, the G color light layer 332g, and the R color filter layer 332r provided with the protrusions 34' are respectively provided to form a transparent common electrode 320 composed of IT〇, and then cover the common electrode. 32 〇 Formation Example 40 317049D01 200944884 : The second perpendicular alignment film 264 made of an organic material such as polyimine or polyamine. Then, a liquid crystal 400 having a negative dielectric anisotropy is sealed in a space between the first glass substrate 100 and the second glass substrate 3. The λ/4 plate 111 as a phase difference plate and the polarizing plate 112 are attached to the back surface (light emitting surface) of the first glass substrate 100. Similarly, on the back surface (light exit surface) of the second glass substrate 200, a further /4 plate 111 as a difference plate and a polarizing plate 112 are attached. Therefore, according to the voltage setting of the pixel electrode and the common electrode 214, when the liquid crystal 400 is applied without voltage, the incident light incident on the liquid crystal layer 400 is not emitted from the second glass substrate 300 side to the outside, thereby realizing When the voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 400, the light corresponding to the voltage from the second glass substrate 300 side and emitted to the outside increases, that is, the transmittance of the incident light to the liquid crystal layer increases. In the second embodiment, the thickness of each of the color filter layers 332b, 332g, and 332r of Β, G, and R is set. When the thickness of the black color filter layer 332b is D-blue, the thickness of the G color filter layer 332g is D-green, and the thickness of the R-color filter layer 332r is D-red. Then satisfy the relationship of D-bl ue 2 D-green > D-red. In the penetration region of each pixel of RGB, the gap (the thickness of the liquid crystal sandwiched between the two substrates) and the size relationship of the respective color light-emitting layers are inversely related. That is, when the gap between the transparent regions of the B pixels is G-blue (T), the gap between the transparent regions of the G pixels is G-green (T), and the gap between the transparent regions of the R pixels is G-red (; T) The relationship is G-red(T)2G-green(T)>G-blue(T). Thus, the thicknesses of the B-color light-passing layer 201, the G-color filter layer 202, and the R-color filter layer 203 are set to be different, so that the gap (also referred to as a cell gap) of each pixel is not 41 317049D01 200944884 The V_T characteristics of each pixel of RGB can be made uniform. Next, the experimental results of the ν_τ characteristics of each pixel of RGB are shown. In the graphs 17 to 17c, according to the voltage of the liquid crystal 300 in Fig. 2, the vertical axis is the transmittance of incident light, and the horizontal axis is applied first, as shown in Fig. 17C, at D-blUe = j), ' (All colored enamel layers have the same thickness), each red
性大大不同，如第17A圖所示，若設定為RGB之V T特 D-red ^ Μ B ^ R V-T G 並且，藉由B色渡光層332b、G色濾'光層332g、以及R色 濾光層332r之厚度設定’將之各間隙設定為 G-red(T)=4.8 # m 、 G-green(T)=4.0 w m 、 G-blue(T)=3.3 //m，從而可使RGB之V-T特性為大致相同。藉此，藉由選 擇適當的白電壓White(例如，使穿透率為最大之電壓v)， 可在低電壓驅動下’獲得無色偏之顯示。 此外，如第17B圖所示，若設定為D_blue=D_green〉 D-red ’則B、G像素之V-T特性與第pc圖相同’而R像 素之V-T特性係接近G像素之ν-Τ特性。這樣，與第17C 圖之V-T特性相比，由於在R像素可藉由更低之電壓v獲 得高穿透率，這樣可改善色偏問題。 另一方面，在反射區域中，設有各RGB像素之間隙調 整層（突起部）340r、340g、340b，而前述B、G、R之各色 濾光層332b、332g、332r係同時存在於穿透區域以及反射 區域。因此藉由如前所述地分別設定這些色濾光層332b、 332g、332r之厚度’使反射區域之間隙大小關係也與穿透 42 317049D01 200944884 區域之關係成為相同之關係。亦即，若使反射區域之B像 素間隙為G-blue(R)、G像素之間隙為G-green(R)、R像素 之間隙為G-red(R)，而突起部211、212、213之高度為相 同的話，則成為 G-red(R)>G-green(R)2G-blue(R)之關 係。於是’根據本實施形態2, RGB之各像素之V-R特性（反 射率對液晶施加電壓特性）也更均一，因而同樣可獲得在低 電壓驅動下之無色偏顯示。 其次’說明有關前述R、G、B之各色滤、光層332r、332g、 ® 332b之形成方法。各色濾光層基本上係將包含該色顏料之 感光性樹脂旋轉塗布（spin coat)於第二玻璃基板300上， 並藉由曝光以及顯影，將圖形留在所定區域即可❶但是， 本實施形態2中，由於各色濾光層厚度並非完全相同，如 果厚的色濾、光層，例如B色濾、光層3 3 2b先形成，則第二玻 璃基板300表面之凹凸會變大，而使其他彩色濾光層，例 如R色遽光層332r的形成產生困難。 φ 於此，首先形成最薄之R色濾、光層332r，之後以G色 濾光層332g、B色濾光層332b之順序形成，這種製造步驟 較容易實現，且較為理想。在B色濾光層332b與G色濾光 層332g厚度相同之情況下，該厚度相同之2種色濾光層， 其形成順序任意。 實施形熊3 接著，參照圖進行有關本發明之實施形態3的說明。 第18圖係有關本實施形態3之垂直配向型液晶顯示裝置之 概略剖面構造示意圖。有關與前述實施形態2共通之構成 43 317049D01 200944884 係附上相同符號，並省略說明。 在實施形態3中，在R、G、B之各像素，為了將各個 間隙G設為最適當之不同厚度，除了形成於第二玻璃基板 300側之R、G、Β之色濾光層330r、330g、330b、以及用 於調整穿透區域與反射區域之間隙差之突起部340(340r、 340g、340b)外，還具備用於調整R、G、B用之間隙差之調 整層（間隙層）350。具體而言’在液晶盒間隙G係要求比R 像素區域更小之B、G像素區域中，將各個感光性樹脂層The performance is greatly different, as shown in Fig. 17A, if set to RGB VT special D-red ^ Μ B ^ R VT G and by B color light-emitting layer 332b, G color filter 'light layer 332g, and R color The thickness of the filter layer 332r is set to 'set each gap to G-red(T)=4.8 # m , G-green(T)=4.0 wm, G-blue(T)=3.3 //m, so that The VT characteristics of RGB are approximately the same. Thereby, by selecting an appropriate white voltage White (e.g., the voltage v having the highest transmittance), the display without color shift can be obtained under low voltage driving. Further, as shown in Fig. 17B, if D_blue = D_green > D-red ' is set, the V-T characteristics of the B and G pixels are the same as those of the pcth figure', and the V-T characteristic of the R pixel is close to the ν-Τ characteristic of the G pixel. Thus, compared with the V-T characteristic of Fig. 17C, since the R pixel can obtain a high transmittance by a lower voltage v, the color shift problem can be improved. On the other hand, in the reflection region, gap adjusting layers (projections) 340r, 340g, and 340b of the respective RGB pixels are provided, and the color filter layers 332b, 332g, and 332r of the B, G, and R colors are simultaneously present. Permeable area and reflective area. Therefore, by setting the thicknesses of the color filter layers 332b, 332g, and 332r as described above, the gap size relationship of the reflection regions is also in the same relationship as the relationship of the regions of the penetration 42 317049D01 200944884. That is, if the B pixel gap of the reflection area is G-blue (R), the G pixel gap is G-green (R), and the R pixel gap is G-red (R), and the protrusions 211, 212, When the height of 213 is the same, the relationship is G-red (R) > G-green (R) 2G-blue (R). Thus, according to the second embodiment, the V-R characteristics of each pixel of RGB (the reflectance is applied to the liquid crystal voltage characteristic) are also more uniform, and thus the colorless display under low voltage driving can be obtained in the same manner. Next, a description will be given of a method of forming the respective color filters 332r, 332g, and 332b of the above R, G, and B. The color filter layers of each color basically spin-coat the photosensitive resin containing the color pigment on the second glass substrate 300, and leave the pattern in a predetermined area by exposure and development. However, this embodiment In the second aspect, since the thicknesses of the respective color filter layers are not completely the same, if a thick color filter or a light layer such as a B color filter or a light layer 3 3 2b is formed first, the unevenness of the surface of the second glass substrate 300 becomes large. It is difficult to form other color filter layers, such as the R color calender layer 332r. φ Here, the thinnest R color filter and light layer 332r are formed first, and then formed in the order of the G color filter layer 332g and the B color filter layer 332b. This manufacturing step is relatively easy to realize and is preferable. When the B color filter layer 332b and the G color filter layer 332g have the same thickness, the two color filter layers having the same thickness are formed in any order. Implementation of the Bear 3 Next, the description of the third embodiment of the present invention will be made with reference to the drawings. Figure 18 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment. The configuration common to the above-described second embodiment 43 317049D01 200944884 is attached with the same reference numerals and will not be described. In the third embodiment, in order to set the respective gaps G to the most appropriate thicknesses in the respective pixels of R, G, and B, in addition to the R, G, and Β color filter layers 330r formed on the second glass substrate 300 side. And 330g, 330b, and protrusions 340 (340r, 340g, 340b) for adjusting the gap difference between the penetration area and the reflection area, and an adjustment layer (gap) for adjusting the gap difference between R, G, and B Layer) 350. Specifically, in the B and G pixel regions where the cell gap G is required to be smaller than the R pixel region, each photosensitive resin layer is used.
350b、350g選擇性的形成於B色濾光層330b上、以及G 色遽光層330g上，而作為調整層350。於此，使b色遽光 層330b上之感光性樹脂350b之厚度為tl，G色滤光層33〇g 上之感光性樹脂350g之厚度為t2。此外，如果使β像素 之穿透區域之間隙（兩基板間之液晶厚度）為G_blue(T)， 則設定為tl 2 t2。若使G像素之穿透區域之間隙為 G-green(T)，R像素之穿透區域之間隙為G_red(T)，則滿 足： G-red(T)>G-green(T) ^G-blue(T)之關係。 此外’在本實施形態3中，如第18圖所示，使在各 色濾光層330r、330g、330b之厚度分別相同，且突出部 340r、340g、340b之厚度也分别相等之情況下，在tl=t2 時，液晶盒間隙滿足G-green=G~blue。 這樣，在必要色區域選擇性形成感光性樹脂層35〇, 將各像素之間隙（又稱為液晶盒間隙）依R、G、B*別設為 不同之最適合之值’可使RGB之各像素之ν〜τ特性均一化。 317049D01 200944884 : 其次根據第19A圖至第19C圖所示之實驗結果，對有 關RGB之各像素之ν_τ特性進行說明。在第19A圖至第19C 圖中，横軸係施加於液晶400之電壓，縱轴係入射光之穿 透率。 首先’如第 19C 圖所示，在 G-red(T)=G-green(T) = G-blue(T)之情況（不設感光性樹脂層250g、250b之情況） 中’各RGB之V-T特性係大不相同。相對此’如第19A圖 所示，若設定為350b and 350g are selectively formed on the B color filter layer 330b and the G color phosphor layer 330g as the adjustment layer 350. Here, the thickness of the photosensitive resin 350b on the b color calender layer 330b is t1, and the thickness of the photosensitive resin 350g on the G color filter layer 33〇g is t2. Further, if the gap of the penetration region of the β pixel (the liquid crystal thickness between the two substrates) is G_blue (T), it is set to t1 2 t2. If the gap between the penetration areas of the G pixels is G-green(T), and the gap between the penetration areas of the R pixels is G_red(T), then it satisfies: G-red(T)>G-green(T) ^ G-blue (T) relationship. Further, in the third embodiment, as shown in Fig. 18, when the thicknesses of the respective color filter layers 330r, 330g, and 330b are the same, and the thicknesses of the protruding portions 340r, 340g, and 340b are also equal, When tl=t2, the cell gap satisfies G-green=G~blue. Thus, the photosensitive resin layer 35 is selectively formed in the necessary color region, and the gap (also referred to as the cell gap) of each pixel is set to the most suitable value according to R, G, and B*. The ν~τ characteristics of each pixel are uniformized. 317049D01 200944884 : Next, the ν_τ characteristic of each pixel related to RGB will be described based on the experimental results shown in Figs. 19A to 19C. In Figs. 19A to 19C, the horizontal axis is the voltage applied to the liquid crystal 400, and the vertical axis is the transmittance of incident light. First, as shown in Fig. 19C, in the case of G-red (T) = G-green (T) = G-blue (T) (in the case where the photosensitive resin layers 250g and 250b are not provided) The VT characteristics are very different. Relative to this as shown in Figure 19A, if set to
® G-red(T)>G-green(T)>G-blue(T)，則 B、R 像素之 V-T 特性係接近G像素之特性（無修正情況下，R、G、B之各特 性係分別如第19A圖中的（）所示）。更具體而言，藉由將 RGB 之各間隙設定為 G-red=4. 8 # m、G-green=4· 0 # m、 G-blue=3· 3//m，可使RGB之V-T特性大致相同。這樣’藉 由選擇適當白電壓Vwhite(例如，穿透率成為最大之電壓 V) ’則可在低電壓驅動下，獲得無色偏之顯示。 0 此外，如第19B圖所示，若設定為G-red(T)>G-green (T)=G-blue(T) ’則B、G像素之V-T特性與第19C圖相同， 而R像素之V-T特性係接近G像素之V-T特性。這樣，與 第19C圖之V-T特性相比，在R像素中，由於可在更低電 壓V下獲得高穿透率，因此可改善色偏問題。 另一方面’在反射區域中，RGB之各像素設有突起部 340 ’由於係將該突起部340之厚度依R、G、B而設定成相 等’反射區域之間隙大小關係亦為與穿透區域之前述關係 相同之關係。亦即，使反射區域之B像素之間隙為 45 317049D01 200944884 G-bhie(R)、G像素之間隙為G-green(R)、R像素之 G-red(R)的話，則成為： G-red(R)>G-green(R) ^G-blue(R)之關係。 於是，根據本實施形態，由於RGB之各像素之^反特 性（反射率對液晶施加電壓特性）更為均…同 壓驅動下，獲得無色偏之顯示。 一 【圖式簡單說明】 且配向型半穿 步』園诔表不本發明之實施形態1 透LCD之概略剖面構成的示意圖。 第2圖係表示本發明之實施形態！之垂直配向型 LCD之其他概略剖面構成的示意圖。 型^3㈣表示本發8狀實施形態1之更具體之半穿透 里LCD之概略平面構成示意囷。 之概之ΛA’線之位置之半穿透型lcd 之概線之位置之切透型⑽ 及與之像素電㈣ 第7圖係有關本發明之會姑游，％ # &货 半穿透IXD之概略平面構^卿3圖不同之 第8圖係沿著第7圖之c 之概略剖面構成的示意圖。、線之位置之+穿透型LCD 第9圖係表示第3圖之半穿透型LCD之變形例之概略 317049D01 46 200944884 : 平面構成的示意圖。 第1Q圖係表示第3圖之半穿透型LCD之其他變形例之 概略平面構成的示意圖。 第11圖係本實施形態1之垂直配向型半穿透型LCD之 相對於施加電壓之穿透率特性與單元構造之關係之示意 圖。 第12圖係本實施形態1之垂直配向型半穿透型LCD之 相對於施加電壓之穿透率特性之波長依存性之示意圖。® G-red(T)>G-green(T)>G-blue(T), the VT characteristics of B and R pixels are close to the characteristics of G pixels (R, G, B without correction) Each characteristic is as shown in () of Fig. 19A, respectively). More specifically, by setting each gap of RGB to G-red=4. 8 # m, G-green=4· 0 # m, G-blue=3·3//m, RGB VT can be made. The characteristics are roughly the same. Thus, by selecting an appropriate white voltage Vwhite (e.g., the voltage V at which the transmittance becomes the maximum), a display without color shift can be obtained under low voltage driving. 0, as shown in Fig. 19B, if G-red(T)>G-green(T)=G-blue(T)' is set, the VT characteristics of B and G pixels are the same as those of Fig. 19C. The VT characteristic of the R pixel is close to the VT characteristic of the G pixel. Thus, in the R pixel, since the high transmittance can be obtained at a lower voltage V than in the V-T characteristic of Fig. 19C, the color shift problem can be improved. On the other hand, in the reflective region, each of the RGB pixels is provided with a protrusion 340' because the thickness of the protrusion 340 is set equal to R, G, and B. The relationship between the aforementioned relationships in the region is the same. In other words, if the gap between the B pixels of the reflection area is 45 317049D01 200944884 G-bhie(R), the gap between the G pixels is G-green (R), and the G-red (R) of the R pixel is: G- Red(R)>G-green(R) ^G-blue(R) relationship. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, since the inverse characteristics of each pixel of RGB (the reflectance is applied to the liquid crystal voltage characteristic) are more uniform, the display without color shift is obtained under the same pressure driving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [Embodiment of the drawings] and the aligning type of the semi-transparent step are not shown in the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention! A schematic view of another schematic cross-sectional configuration of a vertical alignment type LCD. The type ^3 (4) shows a schematic plan configuration of a more specific transflective LCD of the eighth embodiment of the present invention. The cut-through type (10) of the position of the semi-transparent lcd of the position of the A' line and the pixel (4) of the pixel of the position of the A' line are related to the game of the present invention, % # & The eighth plane of the IXD is a schematic diagram of a schematic cross-sectional view along the c-figure of Figure 7. The position of the line + the transmissive LCD Fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a modification of the transflective LCD of Fig. 3 317049D01 46 200944884: Schematic diagram of the plane configuration. Fig. 1Q is a schematic view showing a schematic plan configuration of another modification of the transflective LCD of Fig. 3. Fig. 11 is a view showing the relationship between the transmittance characteristics with respect to the applied voltage and the cell structure of the vertical alignment type semi-transmissive LCD of the first embodiment. Fig. 12 is a view showing the wavelength dependence of the transmittance characteristics of the vertical alignment type semi-transmissive LCD of the first embodiment with respect to the applied voltage.
❹ 第13圖係本實施形態1之垂直配向型半穿透型LCD 中’在以R、G、B調整液晶盒間隙後，相對於施加電壓之 穿透率特性之波長依存性之示意圖。 第14圖係表示本實施形態1之垂直配向型半穿透型 LCD之色度之相對於施加電壓之依存性之色度座標。 第15圖係表示本實施形態1之垂直配向型半穿透型 LCD中’在以R、g、B調整液晶盒間隙後，色度之相對於 ❹施加電壓之依存性之色度座標。 第16圖係有關本發明之第2實施形態之垂直配向型液 晶顯示裝置之剖面圖。 第17A、17B、17C圖係表示各RGB像素之ν_τ特性與 液晶盒間隙關係之示意圖。 第18圖係有關本發明之實施形態3之垂直配向型液晶 顯示裝置之剖面圖。 第19A、19B、19C圖係表示RGB像素之特性與液 晶盒間隙關係之示意圖。 317049D01 47 200944884 【主要元件符號說明】 20 主動層 30 閘極絕緣膜 32 閘極電極 34 層間絕緣膜 36 汲極電極 38 平坦化絕緣膜 40 源極電極 42 金屬層 44 反射層 100 第一玻璃基板 110 圓偏光板 111 入/4板 112 偏光板 200 第二玻璃基板 210 透明電極 220 反射電極 260 配向膜 300 第二玻璃基板 310 相位差板 320 透明共通電極 330、 330r、330g、330b 彩色濾光層 330BM 黑色遮光層 340 間隙調整部 400 液晶層 410 液晶指向 500(530)配向控制部 510、510t、510r 突走 520 傾斜部 600 光源 48 317049D01Fig. 13 is a view showing the wavelength dependence of the transmittance characteristics with respect to the applied voltage after the liquid crystal cell gap is adjusted by R, G, and B in the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the first embodiment. Fig. 14 is a graph showing the chromaticity coordinates of the dependence of the chromaticity of the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the first embodiment on the applied voltage. Fig. 15 is a view showing the chromaticity coordinates of the dependence of the chromaticity on the voltage applied to the erbium after the liquid crystal cell gap is adjusted by R, g, and B in the vertical alignment type transflective LCD of the first embodiment. Figure 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 17A, 17B, and 17C are views showing the relationship between the ν_τ characteristics of each RGB pixel and the cell gap. Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The 19A, 19B, and 19C drawings show the relationship between the characteristics of the RGB pixels and the gap of the liquid crystal cell. 317049D01 47 200944884 [Description of main components] 20 active layer 30 gate insulating film 32 gate electrode 34 interlayer insulating film 36 drain electrode 38 planarizing insulating film 40 source electrode 42 metal layer 44 reflective layer 100 first glass substrate 110 Circular polarizing plate 111 into/4 plate 112 polarizing plate 200 second glass substrate 210 transparent electrode 220 reflective electrode 260 alignment film 300 second glass substrate 310 phase difference plate 320 transparent common electrode 330, 330r, 330g, 330b color filter layer 330BM Black light shielding layer 340 gap adjusting portion 400 liquid crystal layer 410 liquid crystal pointing 500 (530) alignment control portion 510, 510t, 510r protruding 520 inclined portion 600 light source 48 317049D01