201006726 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 根據申請專利範圍第1項之前言，本發明係有關用於 高速船隻舵配置’包括減少氣穴之扭轉舵，特別是平衡舵 〇 【先前技術】 已知具有或不具有連結水平舵（fin)之諸如平衡舵或平 衡輪廓舵之船舵的種種實施例。亦已知具有扭轉舵葉之船 W 舵’該扭轉舵葉由二叠置舵葉部組成，其面對螺旋槳之前 端條橫向偏置成一前端條偏向左舷，另一前端條偏向右舷 〇 因此，日本特開昭58-30896說明一種具有扭轉舵葉的 船舵，該扭轉舵葉由上部及下部組成，其中兩部沿其等面 對螺旋槳之方向扭轉，且特別是扭轉成僅兩部與前端條有 關之區域橫向偏置，而兩部延伸至端條之區域具有相同剖 面輪廓及相同剖面尺寸。 GB 3 3 2, 0 82同樣揭示一種具有扭轉舵葉的船舵，其面 對螺旋槳之輪廓區域，亦即前端條橫向朝右舷及左舷張開 成喇叭狀，前端條構成朝尖端尖細。兩舵葉部之剖面輪廓 構成位於左舷及右舷側上之兩舵葉部之側壁表面以無曲線 的方式延伸，且，呈直線延伸於端條之間而遠至橫向彎曲 之前端條，使得側壁部無具有不同曲率之向外弧曲區域。 此外，舵葉之輪廓構成相互疊置之兩舵葉表面之兩橫剖表 面爲相同尺寸，並且延伸舵葉之全高。由於前端條漸縮成 -5- ‘201006726 峰部，因此，形成暴露於氣穴及破壞之銳緣凹痕。應藉此 舵之輪廓構形實現推進力的改進。 現代船隻的速度持續增加。螺旋槳及舵上的負載因和 更高速度有關的快流速而增加。習知舵葉之輪廓對稱導致 壓力不足地帶出現於舵表面上，這導致氣穴，從而造成腐 鈾。氣穴發生於舵葉之水流極端加速的點上。於此情況下 ，螺旋槳之強旋轉水流高速撞擊在舵葉表面上。由於此劇 烈加速，因此，靜態壓力降至蒸汽壓力以下，導致形成突 然向內破裂之蒸汽泡。此等破裂導致舵葉表面的破壞，這 造成所費不貲的修理；須使用頻繁更換的新舵葉。 【發明内容1 本發明之目的在於提供一種具有大且極大尺寸之舵配 置，特別是具有扭轉舵前緣之平衡舵葉，其中可避免特別 是當用於具有高負載螺旋槳之快速船隻時，因氣穴形成而 在舵葉上發生的腐蝕作用，並設置舵柱座架，其中被拉入 舵葉之舵管透過結合於底部之有環形軸承（collar bearing) ，將舵力量直接導入船身，其中以懸臂導入之力量發生純 粹彎曲應力而無任何扭矩。此外，應該將因具有極高流速 之螺旋槳水流而產生之作用於舵葉下部區域的力量阻斷， 且平衡舵葉，以免破壞發生在用於舵柱之軸承。 此目的因扭轉平衡舵葉與具有申請專利範圍第1項所 限定特殊舵柱座架之功能合作而於起初所述類型之舵配置 中達成。 據此，本發明之舵配置之特徵在於： -6- 201006726 a.)其由較佳地具有小輪廓厚度之修長輪廓之平衡舵葉組 成，包括具有相同或不同高度之兩個疊置之舵葉部，較佳 地，包括具有較上舵葉部之高度小之高度的下舵葉部，並 包括面對螺旋槳，具有大致半圓形輪廓之前端條，定位成 相對於舵葉1之縱中心線LML，一前端條偏向左舷BB或 右舷SB，另一前端條橫向偏向右舷SB或左舷BB，其中二 舵葉部之側壁表面收斂在背離螺旋槳之端條； a 1.)其中二前端條及端條自舵葉之上部區域OB至下部區域 ® UB以伴隨著橫剖面積減小的圓錐漸縮方式向下延伸； a2.)或者該端條呈直線並平行於舵柱延伸，且二前端條自上 部區域OB至下部區域UB以伴隨著橫剖面積減小的圓錐漸 縮方式向下延伸； a3.)其中於端條與舵葉之最大輪廓厚度PD間之區域中上舵 葉部及下舵葉部之橫剖表面部具有一長度L，該長度對應 於舵葉之最大輪廓厚度PD與此等前端條間上舵葉部及下 舵葉部之橫剖表面部之長度L1的至少1又1/2倍。 A4.)其中左舷BB上之上舵葉部及右舷SB上之下舵葉部各 包括側壁部，其以平坦弧面方式，自此等前端條，朝螺旋 槳之方向延伸，具有一長度L2，該長度L2自此等前端條 延伸超過側壁部之長度L’2，長達最大輪廓厚度PD加上對 應於長度L’2之至少1/3之長度L” 2，其中以平坦弧面方式 延伸之此等側壁部與呈直線延伸之側壁部連結，此等側壁 部延伸到端條； A5.)其中左舷BB上之上舵葉部及右肢SB上之下舵葉部各 201006726 包括弧曲甚大的側壁部，其以弧曲方式自此等前端條朝端 條之方向延伸，具有一長度L3，該長度L3自此等前端條 延伸超過側壁部之長度L’3,長達最大輪廓厚度PD加上對 應於長度L’3之至少W3之長度L”3，其中弧曲甚大的之此 等側壁部與呈直線延伸之側壁部連結，此等側壁部延伸到 端條； a. 6)其中此二直線延伸之側壁部成對具有相同長度，且位於 該二直線延伸之側壁部間之橫剖表面部之大小相同且對稱 ®地構形，以及 a. 7)其中自該縱中心線LML至以平坦弧面方式延伸之此等 側壁部的距離大於自縱中心線LML至此等以弧曲甚大方式 延伸之側壁部的距離，且位於縱中心線LML兩側上以平坦 弧面方式延伸之此二側壁部間之橫剖表面部配非對稱地構 形，以及 b. )由在功能上與舵葉合作且具有至少一個軸承之舵柱組 成； ❹ bl.)其中特別是由鍛鋼或其他適當材料製成之舵柱與特別 是由鍛鋼或其他適當材料製成之收容該柱之舵管一起配置 於最大輪廓厚度PD於最大輪廓厚度中或與上舵葉部之等 前端條間之區域，並以其端部緊固裝置延伸於上舵葉部之 全高上方； b2.)其中用於被深拉入上舵葉部而作爲懸臂之舵管設有供 收容舵柱之中央縱孔； b3.)其中舵管橫剖面設成薄壁，且較佳地舵管在其用以安 -8- .201006726 裝舵柱之自由端之區域中的內壁側上具有有環形軸承 (collar bearing);以及 b4.)其中於其端部區域，舵柱係以部位自舵管導出，且該 部位之端部連接於上舵葉部。 經察，令人驚異地發現，由於根據本發明，如平衡舵 之扭轉舵葉之構形，其具有小輪廓厚度，以及舵葉之上舵 葉部中最大輪廓厚度之區域中之舵柱座架，因此，下舵葉 部獲得狹窄輪廓，使得雖然發生打在舵葉上之螺旋槳流之 ® 高速，甚至當其具有最大尺寸時，仍可無需額外施力，達 到舵葉之平衡，這種平衡僅可在扭轉舵葉與舵葉座架之功 能合作下達成，惟無法藉其他舵葉構形及舵柱座架達成。 本發明提供一種舵配置，亦即，包括兩個組件之系統 ，也就是扭轉舵葉以及在功能上與其合作之特別安裝的舵 柱。該舵配置係構成大型及特大型平衡舵葉之技術解決方 案。深拉入舵葉之上舵葉部之舵管藉結合於上舵葉部之下 部區域之環形軸承，將舵力量直接導入船身。此等力量以 ❷ 懸臂力量，亦即無扭矩之純彎曲應力導入。結果，舵管橫 剖面可設計成相對薄壁。由於舵管之下部容納於舵葉中， 亦即於上舵葉部中，因此，薄壁性質非常重要，並因此對 舵葉之輪廓厚度有直接影響。由於舵輪廓越厚，在螺旋槳 加速水流中產生的阻力越大，因此，僅有修長舵輪廓，亦 即小輪廓厚度可構成有能量效率的舵葉。 扭轉舵葉與舵柱座架組合之舵配置的又一優點在於高 品質材料的使用。根據本發明，由於上舵葉部中舵柱之座 -9- ‘201006726 架，僅能使用高強度的鍛鋼，達到重量的實質減輕，亦即 具有相同性能之習知舵的5 0%。 結合舵柱座架之舵配置之又一實質優點在於，由於此 種結合於舵葉中，亦即上舵葉部中之架座，因此，可首度 將平衡舵或鏟狀舵設計成大小幾乎不受限制。習知舵係具 有半懸舵承架（rudder horn)或舵支座之半平衡舵。由於固 定之半懸舵承架及繞其旋轉之舵葉無法自由形成，因此， 此種複雜的機械結構勉強可於前緣扭轉。發生於此等半平 衡舵之舵葉內部力量及力矩不均勻地大於根據本發明具有 舵柱座架之舵配置。面對螺旋槳之舵葉前緣之顯著扭轉意 指在構造上可觀又不經濟的措施，亦即具有對應地較厚輪 廓。 另一優點在於，因舵柱座架，平衡舵之結構形式首度 可行，這意指於以前必要的舵杆與其舵葉間不再存在有間 隙。結果，避免橫向水流流經此等間隙，亦避免與其有關 之嚴重氣穴腐蝕。 此外，於根據本發明之舵配置實施例中，較佳地由鍛 鋼構成之舵管伸入舵葉內，亦即，僅具有一個下環形軸承 之上舵葉部內。同樣具有锻件作爲轂部之舵柱接近液體動 力中心，連接於舵，結果因彎矩而達到僅有很小負載。藉 此構形，可消除重疊振動。 由於修長舵輪廓並因舵葉之小輪廓厚度，不必特別加 強用於舵柱之軸承，即可針對高速打在下舵葉部上之螺旋 槳水流的高壓而平衡舵葉。 -10- .201006726 爲消除於舵葉之氣穴，根據本發明，具有分成上下半 部，其前端條或前緣以一定角度扭轉。螺旋槳之尾流及該 尾流相對於中間船線之角度限定輪廓前緣以多大的角度扭 轉。由於此新輪廓變化，因此，螺旋槳渦流沿舵葉較佳地 流動，且無提高氣穴之峰壓形成於舵葉之輪廓表面上。於 舵附近之改進水流導致可觀的燃料節省及改進的操控性。 本發明之有利實施例係申請專利範圍附屬項之標的。 本發明因此提供一種舵配置，緊固板設在上舵葉部與 ® 下舵葉部之間，並牢固地連接於此等舵葉部，其中該緊固 板於縱中心線（L M L)兩側具有對稱橫剖表面部，以及圍繞具 有其等之輪廓及尺寸之上舵葉部之，底板及下舵葉部之蓋板 之表面輪廓及尺寸。 本發明之又一實施例設成上舵葉部之前端條及下舵葉 部之前端條相對於縱中心線之橫向偏向左舷ΒΒ及右舷 SB，使通過橫向偏位之前端條而拉出之中心線M2相對於 肋部之橫剖面區域之縱中心線LML以至少3°至10°甚至更 ^ 大，較佳地8°之角度α延伸。 而且，根據本發明，一實施例設成位於左舷側ΒΒ及 右舷側SB之上及下舵葉部之平坦弧曲側壁部具有較位於 右舷側SB及左舷側BB上之上及下舵葉部之此等弧曲甚大 之側壁部之長度L5更短的長度L4。 本發明又設成上及下舵葉部之此等弧曲甚大之側壁部 之弧線BL1長度遠大於上及下舵葉部之此等平坦弧曲側壁 部之弧線長度（BL)，使得過渡至呈直線延伸到端條之此等 -11- 201006726 側壁部之上及下舵葉部之此等弧曲甚大之側壁部之過渡地 帶ϋΒΙ及過渡至呈直線延伸到端條之此等側壁部之上及下 舵葉部之此等平坦弧曲側壁部之過渡地帶ϋΒ朝端條偏位。 【實施方式】 根據本發明之舵配置200由兩個達成本發明目的之在 功能上合作之組件所組成，亦即，較佳地平衡舵具有扭舵 葉100以及安裝於其上部區域之舵柱140(第1，2，3，7及 1 4 圖）。 於第1圖所示舵配置200中，110標示船身，120標 示用以收容舵柱140之舵管，100標示舵葉。螺旋槳115被 分配給舵葉100。螺旋槳軸以ΡΑ標示。 根據第1，2，3及 7圖之舵葉100由兩個疊置之舵葉 部10, 20組成，此等舵葉部10, 20之面對螺旋槳115之前 端條 11，21偏置成橫向相對於舵葉 100之縱中心線 LML，上舵葉部10之前端條 11偏向左舷ΒΒ，下舵葉部 20之前端條21偏向右舷SB(第4，4Α, 4Β，4C，4D, 4Ε及13 圖）。可達成前端條 11，21之橫向偏置，上舵葉部1〇之前 端條11偏向右舷SB，下舵葉部20之前端條 21偏向左舷 BB。上舵葉部10之兩側壁表面12，13及下舵葉部20之兩 側壁表面2 1，23自前端條1 1 , 2 1，朝背離螺旋槳U 5之端 條1 5呈弧狀延伸，其間有通向端條1 5之成直線延伸之側 壁部16，17及26, 27。舵葉部10, 20具有共用端條15,而 各舵葉部10，20則具有前端條11，21，藉以因其等之橫向 位移而達成扭轉。 -12- .201006726 較佳地’舵配置200包括平衡舵，雖則亦可使用不同 構形之舵’只要此等舵適於與扭轉之舵葉配合，並達成本 發明之舵葉構形之優點即可。兩個疊置之舵葉部10，20具 有相同或不同高度。較佳地，下舵葉部20具有較上舵葉部 10之高度小的高度，上舵葉部10之高度對應於下舵葉部 20之至少1又1/2倍。舵葉部1〇, 20之前端條11，21構形 成半圓弧形。 舵葉100具有向下圓錐延伸之前端條n，21，而端條 ^ 1 5則成直線平行於舵柱1 4 0延伸（第1，2，3圖）。兩舵葉部 1〇, 20之前端條11，21之圓錐輪廓係使用於上舵葉部10之 相P輪廓構形及用於下舵葉部20之相同輪廓構形之兩個 舵葉部10，20之橫剖表面30之尺寸自上部區域OB朝舵葉 1〇〇之下部區域UB遞減，以便由於橫剖表面30之尺寸減 小而獲得向下延伸之修長輪廓，該輪廓具有特別是由兩個 舵葉部10, 20之側壁表面12，13及22, 23之輪廓決定的小 輪廓厚度。舵葉100之小輪廓厚度亦爲本發明之主要特點。 如於第13圖中所示，舵葉100面對螺旋槳115之邊 緣或前端條11，21相對於背離螺旋槳之端條15或邊緣以至 少5°，較佳10·之θ角度傾斜延伸。 於最大輪廓厚度PD兩側上之舵葉部10，20兩者之橫 剖表面部31，32之長度L，L1構成不同。在端條15與舵葉 1〇〇之最大輪廓厚度PD間之區域中上舵葉部10及下舵葉 部20之橫剖表面部31具有長度L，其較舵葉100之最大 輪廓厚度PD與前端條11，21間之區域中上舵葉部10及下 -13- 201006726 舵葉部20之橫剖表面部32之長度L1更大。於此情況下， 長度比例較佳係長度L相較於長度L 1爲1又1 /2倍。 舵葉之構形作成左舷BB上之上舵葉部10及右舷SB 上之下舵葉部20各包括側壁部18, 28,其以平坦弧面方式 自此等前端條11，21朝端條15之方向延伸，具有一長度 L2，該長度L2自前端條11，21延伸超過側壁部18之長度 L’ 2，長達該最大輪廓厚度PD加上對應於長度L’ 2之至少 1/3之長度L”2，其中以平坦弧面方式延伸之該等側壁部 ® 18,28與呈直線延伸之側壁部16連結，此側壁部16最後 延伸到端條15(第5圖）。 而且，左舷BB上之上舵葉部10及右舷SB上之下舵 葉部20各包括弧曲甚大的側壁部19, 29,其以弧曲方式自 前端條11，21朝端條15之方向延伸，具有一長度L3，該 長度L3自此等前端條11，21延伸超過側壁部19之長度 L’3,長達最大輪廓厚度PD加上對應於長度L’3之至少1/3 之長度L”3，其中以弧曲方式延伸的弧曲甚大之側壁部19, W 29與呈直線延伸之側壁部17, 27連結，該等側壁部17, 27 最後延伸到端條15(第5, 4D圖）。 由於此二舵葉部10, 20之該構形，兩側上之側壁部具 有自前端條11，21及自端條 15朝最大輪廓厚度PD之方 向上升之上升輪廓。 上舵葉部10之前端條11及下舵葉部20之前端條21 相對於縱中心線LML之橫向偏向左舷BB及右舷SB，使通 過橫向偏位之前端條而拉出之中心線Μ 2相對於肋部之橫 -14- 201006726 剖面區域之縱中心線LML以至少3°至10°甚至更大，較佳 地8 °之角度α延伸。 舵配置200進一步包括舵柱140，其特別是由锻鋼或 其他適當材料製成，在功能上與舵葉100合作，藉至少一 個軸承150安裝於特別是由鍛鋼或其他適當材料製成之舵 管120中。舵柱140配置於上舵葉部10之最大輪廓厚度 PD區域中且僅於此區域中（第1, 2，3及15圖），亦即，於 表示最大輪廓厚度PD與縱中心線LML之線的交叉點（第5 m W 圖）。舵柱140與其端部緊固裝置145延伸舵葉100之上舵 葉部10之全高。爲構造理由，舵管120與舵柱140亦可配 置於最大輪廓厚度PD與前端條11，21間。 被深拉入上舵葉部10而作爲懸臂之舵管120設有供 收容舵柱140之內孔125 (第14圖）。舵管120藉由根據舵 管之外徑，插入上舵葉部10之框架40之間隙105中，予 以配置（第3，8，8A，8B，8C圖）。 ©作爲懸臂之舵管120設有一中央內部縱孔125，供收 容用於舵葉1〇〇之舵柱140。此外，在舵葉100連接於舵 柱端情況下，舵管120構造成僅伸入上舵葉部10。於其內 孔125中，舵管120具有用以安裝舵柱140之軸承150, 該軸承150以配置於舵管120之下端區域120b較佳。舵柱 140之端部140b以部位145自舵管120導出。舵柱140之 加長部145之自由端係於區域170牢固連接於上舵葉部 10，在此設有一連接部，若例如須更換螺旋槳軸，即可自 舵柱140解下舵葉100。於此情況下，區域170中之舵柱 -15- 201006726 140與扭轉舵葉100之連接位於螺旋槳軸PA上方， 卸除螺旋槳軸，僅須自舵柱140卸除舵葉100，由 之自由下端12 Ob且舵柱140之自由下端兩者亦在螺 之中間上方，因此，無須爲更換螺旋槳軸而自舵管 下舵柱140。於第15圖所示實施例中，僅設有單一 150以安裝舵柱140於舵管120中；可省略於舵管 外壁上用於舵葉100之另一軸承。 舵葉1〇〇設有以160標示之縮進或凹陷，用以 ® 管120之自由下端120b。 舵管120之橫剖面設計成薄壁，在其用以安裝赃 之自由端區域具有至少一個環形軸承130。亦可在舵 之另一位置設置用於舵柱之額外軸承。在其端ΐ 140b，舵柱140以部位140a導出舵管120外，且 140a之端部連接於上舵葉部10(第14圖）。 根據第3及7圖，上舵葉部10及下舵葉部20 側壁及形成兩舵葉之內部加強件之水平腹板或框架 ❹ 以及垂直腹板或框架之舵板組成。腹板設有減重及3 如於第 3，4，4A，4B，4C 及 8，8A，8B, 8C 圖中 舵葉100之上舵葉部10之所有框架40具有相同形 同側壁導引及匹配之前端條11和端條 15，框架之 個別最上方框架向最下方框架遞減，並因此框架之 之尺寸由上往下遞減，使得前端條11朝舵葉100之 斜延伸（第1圖）。 下舵葉部20之所有框架50具有相同形狀、相 使得爲 於舵管 旋槳軸 120撤 內軸承 120之 收容舵 :柱 1 4 0 管120 部區域 該部位 由形成 40, 50 I水孔。 所示， 狀、相 長度自 橫剖面 底部傾 同側壁 -16- 201006726 導引及匹配之前端條21和端條15，框架50之長度自個別 最上方框架向最下方框架遞減，並因此框架之橫剖面之尺 寸由上往下遞減’使得前端條11朝舵葉1〇〇之底部傾斜延 伸。 由於該構形，如第1圖所示，上舵葉部10及下舵葉 部20之前端條1 1，2 1向下傾斜延伸，而端條1 5則呈直 線並平行於舵柱140之縱軸延伸。 兩個舵葉部10，20可直接相互連接。於第7及11圖 ® 中’兩個舵葉部1〇，20藉緊固板45相互連接。該緊固板 4 5在縱中心線L M L之兩側上具有對稱橫剖表面部4 6，4 7， 以及圍繞上舵葉部10之底板42及具有其輪廓及尺寸之下 舵葉部20之蓋板41之表面輪廓及尺寸，俾當上舵葉部10 相疊於緊固板45上且下舵葉部20自下方置於緊固板45上 時’其以非常小的邊緣區域自相疊之舵葉部10,2〇橫向突 出（第10及11圖）。緊固板45具有：半圓形邊緣環繞部 ®Π’ ’其在縱中心線LML上，面對螺旋槳；以及邊緣15’ ， 其背離螺旋槳，伸入兩個舵葉部1〇，20之端條15。緊固 板45之側壁表面45a，45b具有匹配之弧形輪廓。 如第3及10圖所示，下舵葉部20於下部區域，與緊 固板45連結，其框架50具有對應於框架40之橫剖面構形 及形狀’不過’框架40繞其縱中心線LML旋轉90。 (第 4D，4E，8D, 8E，8F 圖）。 根據第7, 8, 8A，8B及8C圖，諸部位A,B, c及D之 框架40就輪廓而言相同，不過，個別框架4〇之橫剖面由 -17- 201006726 上往下遞減，使得前端條1 1傾斜延伸。部位C透過部位D 與緊固板45相連。下舵葉部20之部位E，F及G之框架50 具有與框架40之輪廓相同之輪廓，不過，具有弧曲甚大之 側壁部29之框架50之側壁在左舷BB上（第8D，8E及8F)， 而於第7圖之例示性實施例中，具有弧曲甚大之側壁部19 之框架40之側壁在右舷SB上（第8，8A，8B及8C)。下舵 葉部2 0之框架5 0之橫剖面由上往下相對於其長度遞減， I 使得下舵葉部2 0之前端條2 1亦傾斜延伸（第7圖）。 第9圖顯示上舵葉部10之上蓋板43，其設有用以導 入舵管120之間隙105。第10圖顯示自具有兩個舵葉部1〇, 20及框架40及50之舵配置100下方所視視圖。 上舵葉部1〇中供收容用於舵柱140之舵管120之間 隙105或孔略小於上舵葉部10之最大輪廓厚度PD。因該 構形而形成極修長之舵葉輪廓。 具有兩個舵葉部10，20之舵葉1〇〇之構形及橫剖輪廓 〇 作成上及下舵葉部10, 20之平坦弧面側壁部18, 28具有較 上及下舵葉部10，20之弧曲甚大之側壁部19，29的長度L3 更短的長度L2，L2’（第5及6圖）。上蛇葉部之側壁部 18至縱中心線LML之距離〇；與側壁部19之距離〇； 1相同。 到端條15爲止’距離α， α 1恆相同，不過，朝端條i 5 減小。朝前端條1 1之方向獲得以下距離關係： a 2 < a 3 a 4 < a 5 -18- 201006726 a 6 < a 7 最大輪廓厚度PD如下。朝前端條之方向獲得以下距 離關係： a S > a 9 a 1 0 > a 11 a 12 > a 13 a 14 > a 15 a 16 > a 17 a 18 > a 19 其中al6與ctl7之比例約爲2: 1。第6圖清楚顯示彼此 距離之比例，亦即，距離α9,α: 11，α 13,〇: 15, α 17, α 19實 質上相對於距離α 8, α 10, α 12, α: 14, α: 16, ο: 18，朝前端條 11之方向遞減。由於上舵葉部10之所有橫剖面具有相同 形狀，因此，具有圖示距離之橫剖輪廓延伸通過上舵葉部 10之所有橫剖面，並通過下舵葉部之所有橫剖面，這亦適 用於下舵葉部20之橫剖面，並特別考慮到舵葉1 00之橫剖 面或框架由上往下，相對於其長度並相對於其等面對前端 條之區域漸縮（第10圖）。 根據如第14圖之又一實施例，上及下舵葉部10，20 之弧曲甚大之側壁部19, 29之弧線長度BL1大於上及下舵 葉部10，20之平坦弧面側壁部18，28之弧線長度BL，使 得上及下舵葉部10, 20之此等弧曲甚大之側壁部19, 29至 呈直線延伸到端條15之此等側壁部17, 27之過渡地帶ϋΒΙ 及上及下舵葉部10, 20之此等平坦弧曲側壁部18, 28至呈 -19- 201006726 直線延伸到端條之此等側壁部1 6 , 2 6之過渡地帶ϋ B朝端 條15偏位，使過渡地帶ϋΒ 1相對於過渡地帶ϋΒ面對端 條。於此情況下，側壁部18，19及28，29之長度如下： L3 ^ L2 L’2 < L’3 L，4 > L’4 (第14圖） 收斂在朝端條15之上舵葉部10及下舵葉部20之直 ® 線側壁部16，17，26，27之腳部較佳地具有相同長度，不 過，不同長度之構形亦可行。 本發明亦包括舵配置，其中扭轉之舵葉100設有延伸 於兩舵葉部10, 20上方之翼部。 本發明舵配置之特徵在於以說明中的實施例及於圖 式之各圖中所示例示性實施例詳載於申請專利範圍中之特 點。 【圖式簡單說明】 此後，參考圖式，解釋本發明之例示性實施例。於此 等圖式中： 第1圖顯示包括具有上及下舵葉部之扭轉平衡舵葉並 包括安裝於上舵葉部之舵柱之舵配置的側視圖； 第2圖顯示舵配置之扭轉舵葉之線圖； 第3圖顯示具有移除外皮之扭轉舵葉及二舵葉部中多 數板形框架之示意草圖； 第4, 4A，4B，4C圖顯示根據第3圖，舵葉之上舵葉部 -20- 201006726 的四個板形框架； 第4D圖顯示根據第3圖，舵葉之下舵葉部之板形框 架的放大圖； 第4E圖顯示根據第3圖，舵葉之下舵葉部之板形框架 > 第5圖顯示根據第4圖，板形框架之放大圖·， 第6圖顯示根據第4圖，板形框架之放大圖，其有側 緣區域距框架縱中心線之距離資訊； ® 第7圖顯示包括配置於上舵葉部及下舵葉部中之複數 個板形框架之另一扭轉平衡舵葉的草圖； 第8, 8 A，8B，8C圖顯示自根據第7圖，舵葉之上舵葉 部的四個板形框架上方所視放大圖，該舵葉具有供收容用 於舵柱之舵管的間隙； 第8D，8E，8F圖顯示自根據第7圖，舵葉之下舵葉部 的三個板形框架上方所視放大圖； 第9圖顯示自根據第7圖’舵葉之上舵葉部的蓋板上 _ 方所視放大圖，該舵葉具有供收容用於舵柱之舵管的間隙 f 第10圖顯示自根據第7圖，舵配置之扭轉舵葉下方所 視放大圖； 第11圖顯示自根據第7圖’配置於舵配置之上舵葉部 與下舵葉部間之緊固板上方所視放大圖，該舵配置具有包 含上舵葉部之底板及下舵葉部之蓋板之輪廓及尺寸的輪廓 及尺寸； -21- 201006726 第12圖顯示扭轉之舵葉之前視圖； 第13圖顯示具有傾斜延伸於螺旋槳側之舵葉緣之舵 葉的側視圖； 第14圖顯示自另一實施例之上舵葉部之框架之橫剖 輪廓上方所視視圖；以及 第15圖顯示安裝有舵管之舵柱之縱剖視圖’該舵管用 在配置於上舵葉部中之舵柱。 【主要元件符號說明】201006726 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] According to the first aspect of the scope of the patent application, the present invention relates to a rudder configuration for a high speed vessel, including a torsion rudder that reduces air pockets, particularly a balance rudder. Various embodiments of rudders such as balance rudders or balance rudders with or without a horizontal rudder are known. It is also known that a ship with a torsion rudder blade W rudder consists of two stacked rudder blades, the front end of which faces the propeller, the end strip is laterally offset to a front end strip biased to the port side, and the other front end strip is biased to the starboard side. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-30896 describes a rudder having a torsion rudder blade which is composed of an upper portion and a lower portion, two of which are twisted in the direction in which they face the propeller, and particularly twisted into only two portions and a front end. The area of the strip is laterally offset, and the two sections extending to the end strip have the same cross-sectional profile and the same cross-sectional dimensions. GB 3 3 2, 0 82 also discloses a rudder having a torsion rudder blade which faces the contour area of the propeller, that is, the front end strip is flared laterally toward the starboard side and the port side, and the front end strip is formed to be tapered toward the tip end. The cross-sectional contours of the two rudder blades constitute the side wall surfaces of the two rudder blade portions on the port side and the starboard side, extending in a curve-free manner, and extending linearly between the end strips as far as laterally bending the front end strips, so that the side walls There are no outward curved areas with different curvatures. Further, the contours of the rudder blades constitute the same size of the two cross-sectional surfaces of the two rudder blade surfaces which are superposed on each other, and extend the full height of the rudder blade. Since the front end strip is tapered to the peak of -5- '201006726, a sharp edge dent is formed which is exposed to air pockets and damage. The improvement of the propulsive force should be achieved by the contour configuration of the rudder. The speed of modern ships continues to increase. The load on the propeller and rudder increases due to the fast flow rate associated with higher speeds. The symmetry of the contours of the conventional rudder blade causes the under-pressure zone to appear on the rudder surface, which leads to cavitation, which causes uranium. Air pockets occur at points where the water flow at the rudder blade is extremely accelerated. In this case, the strong rotating water flow of the propeller hits the surface of the rudder blade at a high speed. As the play accelerated, the static pressure dropped below the steam pressure, causing a vapor bubble that suddenly ruptured inward. These ruptures cause damage to the surface of the rudder blade, which results in costly repairs; new rudder blades that are frequently replaced must be used. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a rudder arrangement having a large and extremely large size, in particular a balance rudder blade having a torsion rudder leading edge, wherein avoidance, particularly when used in fast vessels with high load propellers, The cavitation forms a corrosive effect on the rudder blade and provides a rudder frame. The rudder tube that is pulled into the rudder blade transmits the rudder force directly into the hull through a collar bearing coupled to the bottom. Among them, the force of the cantilever introduction is pure bending stress without any torque. In addition, the force acting on the lower portion of the rudder blade due to the flow of the propeller having a very high flow rate should be blocked and the rudder blade should be balanced to prevent damage from occurring in the bearing for the rudder column. This object was achieved in the rudder configuration of the type initially described by the cooperation of the torsionally balanced rudder blade with the special rudder frame supported by the first scope of the patent application. Accordingly, the rudder configuration of the present invention is characterized by: -6-201006726 a.) It consists of a balanced rudder blade preferably having a slender profile of small profile thickness, including two superimposed rudders having the same or different heights. The leaf portion, preferably, includes a lower rudder blade portion having a height that is smaller than the height of the upper rudder blade portion, and includes a facing propeller having a substantially semicircular profile before the end strip positioned relative to the rudder blade 1 The center line LML, one front end strip is biased to the port side BB or the starboard side SB, and the other front end strip is laterally biased to the starboard side SB or the port side BB, wherein the side wall surfaces of the two rudder blade portions converge on the end strips facing away from the propeller; a) And the end strip extends downward from the upper rudder area OB to the lower area UB in a conical tapered manner with a reduced cross-sectional area; a2.) or the end strip is straight and extends parallel to the rudder post, and The front end strip extends downward from the upper region OB to the lower region UB in a conical tapered manner with a reduced cross-sectional area; a3.) wherein the upper rudder blade portion is in the region between the end strip and the maximum contour thickness PD of the rudder blade And the cross-sectional surface portion of the lower rudder blade portion has A length L, which length corresponds to at least 1 1/2 times the length L1 of the PD portion of the cross-sectional surface of the rudder blade portion and the leaf portion of the rudder at the maximum profile thickness of the rudder blade between the front end of these strips. A4.) wherein the upper rudder blade portion on the port side BB and the lower rudder blade portion on the starboard side SB each include a side wall portion extending in a flat curved manner from the front end strip toward the propeller, having a length L2, The length L2 extends from the front end strips beyond the length L'2 of the side wall portion, up to a maximum contour thickness PD plus a length L" 2 corresponding to at least 1/3 of the length L'2, wherein the extension is in a flat curved manner The side wall portions are connected to the side wall portions extending in a straight line, and the side wall portions extend to the end strips; A5.) wherein the rudder blade portion on the port side BB and the lower rudder blade portion on the right arm SB each 201006726 include an arc a very large side wall portion extending from the front end strip toward the end strip in an arcuate manner, having a length L3 from which the front end strip extends beyond the length L'3 of the side wall portion for a maximum contour thickness The PD is added to a length L"3 corresponding to at least W3 of the length L'3, wherein the side walls of the arc having a large curvature are joined to the side wall portions extending in a straight line, and the side wall portions extend to the end strips; a. 6) Wherein the side walls of the two straight lines extend in pairs and have the same length and are located The cross-sectional surface portions of the two linearly extending side wall portions are the same size and symmetrically configured, and a. 7) wherein the distance from the longitudinal center line LML to the side wall portions extending in a flat curved manner is greater than The longitudinal center line LML is at a distance from the side wall portion extending in a greatly curved manner, and the cross-sectional surface portion between the two side wall portions extending in a flat curved manner on both sides of the longitudinal center line LML is asymmetrically configured And b.) consisting of a rudder post functionally cooperating with the rudder blade and having at least one bearing; ❹ bl.) in particular a rudder post made of forged steel or other suitable material and in particular by forged steel or other suitable material The rudder tube for accommodating the column is disposed together in a region of a maximum profile thickness PD between the maximum profile thickness or the front end bar of the upper rudder blade portion, and extends with the end fastening device to the upper rudder blade portion. Above the full height; b2.) wherein the rudder tube for deep-drawing into the upper rudder blade portion as a cantilever is provided with a central longitudinal hole for accommodating the rudder column; b3.) wherein the rudder tube has a thin cross section, and is preferably The ground rudder tube is used in it for -8-.201006726 a ring bearing is provided on the inner wall side in the region of the free end of the column; and b4.) wherein in the end region thereof, the rudder post is derived from the rudder tube at a portion thereof, and the end portion of the portion is connected to Upper rudder blade. Upon examination, it has been surprisingly found that, according to the invention, such as the configuration of the torsion rudder blade of the balance rudder, it has a small profile thickness and a rudder post in the region of the maximum contour thickness in the rudder blade above the rudder blade. Therefore, the lower rudder blade obtains a narrow profile, so that although the speed of the propeller flow hitting the rudder blade is high, even when it has the largest size, it is possible to achieve the balance of the rudder blade without additional force. The balance can only be achieved with the cooperation of the torsion rudder blade and the rudder blade frame, but it cannot be achieved by other rudder blade configurations and rudder frame. The present invention provides a rudder configuration, i.e., a system comprising two components, namely a torsion rudder blade and a specially mounted rudder post that cooperates functionally with it. This rudder configuration constitutes a technical solution for large and extra large balanced rudder blades. The rudder tube deep into the rudder blade above the rudder blade is directly guided into the hull by an annular bearing coupled to the lower region of the upper rudder blade. These forces are introduced by the cantilever force, ie the pure bending stress without torque. As a result, the rudder tube cross section can be designed to be relatively thin. Since the lower part of the rudder tube is housed in the rudder blade, that is, in the upper rudder blade, the thin-walled nature is very important and therefore has a direct influence on the contour thickness of the rudder blade. The thicker the rudder profile, the greater the resistance generated in the propeller accelerating water flow. Therefore, only the slender rudder profile, i.e., the small profile thickness, can constitute an energy efficient rudder blade. Yet another advantage of the rudder configuration in combination with the torsion rudder blade and the rudder mount is the use of high quality materials. According to the present invention, due to the rudder column -9- ‘201006726 frame in the upper rudder blade portion, only high-strength forged steel can be used, achieving a substantial weight reduction, that is, 50% of the conventional rudder having the same performance. Another substantial advantage of combining the rudder configuration of the rudder mount is that the balance rudder or rudder rudder can be sized for the first time because it is integrated into the rudder blade, that is, the pedestal in the upper rudder blade. Almost unlimited. Conventional rudders have a semi-balanced rudder with a rudder horn or a rudder support. Since the fixed semi-suspension carrier and the rudder blade around which it is rotated cannot be freely formed, such a complicated mechanical structure can barely be twisted at the leading edge. The internal forces and moments of the rudder blade occurring in the semi-balanced rudder are unevenly greater than the rudder configuration having the rudder carrier according to the present invention. Significant torsion of the leading edge of the rudder blade facing the propeller means a structurally uneconomical measure, i.e. having a correspondingly thicker profile. Another advantage is that, due to the rudder mount, the structural form of the balance rudder is first feasible, which means that there is no longer a gap between the previously necessary rudder stock and its rudder blade. As a result, lateral water flow is prevented from flowing through such gaps, and severe cavitation corrosion associated therewith is also avoided. Further, in the rudder configuration embodiment according to the present invention, the rudder tube preferably made of forged steel extends into the rudder blade, i.e., has only one lower annular bearing in the rudder blade portion. The rudder column, which also has a forging as the hub, is close to the center of the liquid power and is connected to the rudder, resulting in a small load due to the bending moment. With this configuration, overlapping vibrations can be eliminated. Due to the long rudder profile and the small profile thickness of the rudder blade, it is not necessary to particularly strengthen the bearing for the rudder post, and the rudder blade can be balanced against the high pressure of the spiral water flow on the lower rudder blade at a high speed. -10- .201006726 In order to eliminate the air pockets of the rudder blade, according to the present invention, it has a top and bottom half, and the front end strip or the leading edge is twisted at an angle. The wake of the propeller and the angle of the wake relative to the intermediate line define how much the leading edge of the profile is twisted. Due to this new contour change, the propeller vortex preferably flows along the rudder blade, and the peak pressure without increasing the cavitation is formed on the contour surface of the rudder blade. Improved water flow near the rudder results in considerable fuel savings and improved handling. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. The present invention therefore provides a rudder arrangement in which a fastening plate is disposed between the upper rudder blade portion and the lower rudder blade portion and is securely coupled to the rudder blade portion, wherein the fastening plate is in the longitudinal centerline (LML) The side has a symmetrical cross-sectional surface portion, and a surface profile and dimensions of the cover plate of the bottom plate and the lower rudder blade portion surrounding the rudder blade portion having its contour and size. According to still another embodiment of the present invention, the front end strip of the upper rudder blade portion and the front end strip of the lower rudder blade portion are laterally offset from the longitudinal centerline toward the port side and the starboard side SB, so that the end strip is pulled out by the lateral offset. The centerline M2 extends with respect to the longitudinal centerline LML of the cross-sectional area of the ribs by an angle α of at least 3° to 10° or even greater, preferably 8°. Moreover, according to the present invention, an embodiment is provided such that the flat curved side wall portions above the port side sill and the starboard side SB and the lower rudder blade portion are located above the starboard side SB and the port side BB and the lower rudder blade portion. The length L5 of the side wall portion of the arcuate portion is shorter than the length L4. According to the present invention, the length of the arc line BL1 of the side walls of the upper and lower rudder blade portions is much larger than the arc length (BL) of the flat curved side wall portions of the upper and lower rudder blade portions, so that the transition to -11- 201006726 extending in a straight line to the end strips, the transition zone of the side walls of the upper and lower rudder blade portions, and the transition to the side wall portions extending straight to the end strips The transition zone of the flat curved side wall portions of the upper and lower rudder blade portions is offset toward the end strip. [Embodiment] The rudder configuration 200 according to the present invention consists of two functionally cooperative components that achieve the object of the present invention, that is, preferably the balance rudder has a torsion blade 100 and a rudder post mounted in the upper region thereof. 140 (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 1st 4th). In the rudder configuration 200 shown in Fig. 1, 110 indicates the hull, 120 indicates the rudder tube for accommodating the rudder post 140, and 100 indicates the rudder blade. The propeller 115 is assigned to the rudder blade 100. The propeller shaft is indicated by ΡΑ. The rudder blade 100 according to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 7 is composed of two superposed rudder blade portions 10, 20 which are biased into the front end strips 11, 21 of the rudder blade portions 10, 20 facing the propeller 115. Transversely with respect to the longitudinal centerline LML of the rudder blade 100, the upper end slat 11 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 is biased toward the port side ΒΒ, and the lower end rudder portion 20 is biased toward the starboard SB (4, 4, 4, 4C, 4D, 4Ε) And 13 figure). The lateral offset of the front end strip 11, 21 can be achieved. The upper end rail 11 is biased toward the starboard side SB before the upper rudder blade portion 1 is turned, and the front end strip 21 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 is biased toward the port side BB. The two side wall surfaces 12, 13 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the two side wall surfaces 2, 23 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 extend from the front end strips 1 1 , 2 1 toward the end strips 15 facing away from the propeller U 5 . There are side wall portions 16, 17 and 26, 27 extending in a straight line to the end strips 15. The rudder blade portions 10, 20 have a common end strip 15, and each of the rudder blade portions 10, 20 has front end strips 11, 21, whereby twisting is achieved due to lateral displacement thereof. -12- .201006726 Preferably, the rudder configuration 200 includes a balance rudder, although rudders of different configurations may be used as long as the rudders are adapted to cooperate with the torsion rudder blade and achieve the advantages of the rudder blade configuration of the present invention. Just fine. The two stacked rudder blade portions 10, 20 have the same or different heights. Preferably, the lower rudder blade portion 20 has a height smaller than the height of the upper rudder blade portion 10, and the height of the upper rudder blade portion 10 corresponds to at least 1 and 1/2 times the lower rudder blade portion 20. The rudder blade portion 1 〇, 20, the front end strips 11, 21 are configured in a semicircular arc shape. The rudder blade 100 has an end strip n, 21 extending downwardly conically, and the end strip ^ 15 is linearly parallel to the rudder post 1 40 (Fig. 1, 2, 3). The conical contours of the two rudder blade portions 1 and 20, the front end strips 11, 21 are used for the phase P contour configuration of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the two rudder blade portions for the same contour configuration of the lower rudder blade portion 20. The cross-sectional surface 30 of 10, 20 is dimensioned from the upper region OB toward the lower region UB of the rudder blade 1 to obtain a downwardly extending slender profile due to the reduced size of the cross-sectional surface 30, the profile having The small profile thickness determined by the contours of the side wall surfaces 12, 13 and 22, 23 of the two rudder blade portions 10, 20. The small profile thickness of the rudder blade 100 is also a primary feature of the invention. As shown in Fig. 13, the rudder blade 100 faces the edge or front end strip 11, 21 of the propeller 115 with respect to the end strip 15 or edge facing away from the propeller at an angle of at least 5, preferably 10 θ. The lengths L, L1 of the cross-sectional surface portions 31, 32 of both the rudder blade portions 10, 20 on both sides of the maximum profile thickness PD are different. The cross-sectional surface portion 31 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 in the region between the end strip 15 and the maximum contour thickness PD of the rudder blade 1 has a length L which is larger than the maximum contour thickness PD of the rudder blade 100. The length L1 of the cross-sectional surface portion 32 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower-13-201006726 rudder blade portion 20 in the region between the front end strips 11, 21 is larger. In this case, the length ratio is preferably such that the length L is 1 and 1 / 2 times larger than the length L 1 . The configuration of the rudder blade is formed as the upper rudder blade portion 10 on the port side BB and the lower rudder blade portion 20 on the starboard side SB each including a side wall portion 18, 28 which is in a flat curved manner from the front end strips 11, 21 toward the end strip Extending in the direction of 15, having a length L2 extending from the front end strips 11, 21 beyond the length L'2 of the side wall portion 18, up to the maximum contour thickness PD plus at least 1/3 corresponding to the length L'2 The length L"2, wherein the side wall portions 18, 28 extending in a flat curved manner are joined to the side wall portion 16 extending in a straight line, the side wall portion 16 finally extending to the end strip 15 (Fig. 5). The upper rudder blade portion 10 on the port side BB and the lower rudder blade portion 20 on the starboard side SB each include a greatly curved side wall portion 19, 29 extending in an arcuate manner from the front end strips 11, 21 toward the end strips 15, Having a length L3 from which the front end strips 11, 21 extend beyond the length L'3 of the side wall portion 19, up to a maximum contour thickness PD plus a length L corresponding to at least 1/3 of the length L'3" 3. The side wall portion 19, W29, which is extended in an arcuate manner, is connected to the side wall portions 17, 27 extending in a straight line, and the side wall portions 17, 27 Finally extended to end strip 15 (figure 5, 4D). Due to the configuration of the two rudder blade portions 10, 20, the side wall portions on both sides have a rising profile from the front end strips 11, 21 and from the end strips 15 toward the maximum contour thickness PD. The front end rail 11 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 are laterally biased to the port BB and the starboard SB with respect to the longitudinal center line LML, so that the center line 拉 2 is pulled out by the end strip before the lateral misalignment. The longitudinal centerline LML of the cross-sectional area with respect to the transverse direction of the ribs extends at an angle α of at least 3° to 10° or even more preferably at 8°. The rudder arrangement 200 further includes a rudder post 140, which is in particular made of forged steel or other suitable material, functionally cooperating with the rudder blade 100, mounted by at least one bearing 150 on a rudder, in particular made of forged steel or other suitable material. In tube 120. The rudder post 140 is disposed in the maximum contour thickness PD area of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and is only in this region (Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 15), that is, the maximum contour thickness PD and the longitudinal center line LML. The intersection of the lines (5 m m W). The rudder post 140 and its end fastening means 145 extend the full height of the rudder blade portion 10 above the rudder blade 100. For structural reasons, the rudder tube 120 and the rudder stock 140 may also be disposed between the maximum profile thickness PD and the front end strips 11,21. The rudder tube 120, which is deep drawn into the upper rudder blade portion 10 and serves as a cantilever, is provided with an inner hole 125 for accommodating the rudder column 140 (Fig. 14). The rudder tube 120 is inserted into the gap 105 of the frame 40 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 according to the outer diameter of the rudder tube, and is disposed (Figs. 3, 8, 8A, 8B, 8C). The rudder tube 120, which is a cantilever, is provided with a central inner longitudinal hole 125 for receiving the rudder post 140 for the rudder blade. Further, in the case where the rudder blade 100 is coupled to the rudder column end, the rudder tube 120 is configured to extend only into the upper rudder blade portion 10. In its inner bore 125, the rudder tube 120 has a bearing 150 for mounting the rudder post 140. The bearing 150 is preferably disposed in the lower end region 120b of the rudder tube 120. The end 140b of the rudder post 140 is led out of the rudder tube 120 at a location 145. The free end of the elongated portion 145 of the rudder post 140 is firmly connected to the upper rudder blade portion 10 in the region 170. Here, a connecting portion is provided. If, for example, the propeller shaft has to be replaced, the rudder blade 100 can be released from the rudder post 140. In this case, the connection of the rudder column -15-201006726 140 in the region 170 to the torsion rudder blade 100 is located above the propeller shaft PA, and the propeller shaft is removed, and only the rudder blade 100 must be removed from the rudder post 140, and the lower end is free. 12 Ob and the free lower end of the rudder post 140 are also above the middle of the screw, so there is no need to replace the propeller shaft with the rudder post 140 from the rudder tube. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 15, only a single 150 is provided to mount the rudder post 140 in the rudder tube 120; another bearing for the rudder blade 100 on the outer wall of the rudder tube can be omitted. The rudder blade 1 is provided with a retraction or depression indicated at 160 for the free lower end 120b of the tube 120. The cross section of the rudder tube 120 is designed as a thin wall having at least one annular bearing 130 in its free end region for mounting the weir. Additional bearings for the rudder post can also be placed at another location on the rudder. At its end 140b, the rudder post 140 is led out of the rudder tube 120 by the portion 140a, and the end of the 140a is connected to the upper rudder blade portion 10 (Fig. 14). According to Figures 3 and 7, the side wall of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 and the horizontal web or frame 形成 forming the internal reinforcement of the two rudder blades and the rudder plate of the vertical web or frame. The web is provided with weight reduction and 3 as in 3, 4, 4A, 4B, 4C and 8, 8A, 8B, 8C. All the frames 40 of the rudder blade 10 above the rudder blade 100 have the same shape and side wall guidance. And matching the front end strip 11 and the end strip 15, the individual uppermost frame of the frame is decremented to the lowermost frame, and thus the size of the frame is decreased from top to bottom, so that the front end strip 11 extends obliquely toward the rudder blade 100 (Fig. 1 ). All of the frames 50 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 have the same shape, such that the rudder for the rudder tube propeller shaft 120 to withdraw the inner bearing 120: column 1 40 tube 120 region This portion is formed by 40, 50 I water holes. As shown, the shape and phase length are inclined from the bottom of the cross section to the side wall-16-201006726 to guide and match the front end strip 21 and the end strip 15, the length of the frame 50 is reduced from the uppermost frame to the lowermost frame, and thus the frame The size of the cross section is decreased from top to bottom' such that the front end strip 11 extends obliquely toward the bottom of the rudder blade 1〇〇. Due to this configuration, as shown in Fig. 1, the front end rails 1 1, 2 1 of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 are inclined downwardly, and the end strips 15 are straight and parallel to the rudder column 140. The longitudinal axis extends. The two rudder blade portions 10, 20 can be directly connected to each other. In Figures 7 and 11 ®, the two rudder blade portions 1 and 20 are connected to each other by a fastening plate 45. The fastening plate 45 has a symmetrical cross-sectional surface portion 4 6, 4 7 on both sides of the longitudinal center line LML and a bottom plate 42 surrounding the upper rudder blade portion 10 and a rudder blade portion 20 having a contour and a size below it. The surface profile and size of the cover plate 41, when the upper rudder blade portion 10 is stacked on the fastening plate 45 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 is placed on the fastening plate 45 from below, it is self-phased with a very small edge region. The rudder blade portions 10, 2 of the stack are laterally protruded (Figs. 10 and 11). The fastening plate 45 has a semicircular edge surrounding portion Π ' ' on the longitudinal center line LML facing the propeller; and an edge 15 ′ which faces away from the propeller and extends into the ends of the two rudder blade portions 1 , 20 Article 15. The side wall surfaces 45a, 45b of the fastening plate 45 have a matching curved profile. As shown in Figures 3 and 10, the lower rudder blade portion 20 is coupled to the fastening plate 45 in the lower region, and the frame 50 has a cross-sectional configuration and shape corresponding to the frame 40. However, the frame 40 is wound around its longitudinal centerline. The LML is rotated 90. (Fig. 4D, 4E, 8D, 8E, 8F). According to Figures 7, 8, 8A, 8B and 8C, the frames 40 of the parts A, B, c and D are identical in profile, but the cross-section of the individual frames is reduced from -17 to 201006726. The front end strip 1 1 is caused to extend obliquely. The portion C is transmitted through the portion D to the fastening plate 45. The frame 50 of the portions E, F and G of the lower rudder blade portion 20 has the same contour as that of the frame 40, but the side wall of the frame 50 having the side wall portion 29 having a large curvature is on the port side BB (8D, 8E and 8F), and in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 7, the side walls of the frame 40 having the side portions 19 of the arcuate portion are on the starboard side SB (8th, 8th, 8th, and 8th). The cross section of the frame 50 of the lower rudder blade 20 is decremented from the top to the bottom with respect to the length thereof, so that the end bar 2 1 of the lower rudder blade portion 20 is also inclined to extend (Fig. 7). Fig. 9 shows the upper rudder blade 10 upper cover plate 43, which is provided with a gap 105 for guiding the rudder tube 120. Figure 10 shows a view from below the rudder configuration 100 with two rudder blade portions 1 , 20 and frames 40 and 50. The gap 105 or the hole in the upper rudder blade portion 1 for accommodating the rudder tube 120 for the rudder column 140 is slightly smaller than the maximum contour thickness PD of the upper rudder blade portion 10. Due to this configuration, a very slender rudder blade profile is formed. The configuration and cross-sectional profile of the rudder blade 1 having two rudder blade portions 10, 20 are formed as upper and lower rudder blade portions of the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20 having a flat curved side wall portion 18, 28 The length L3 of the side walls 19, 29 of the 10, 20 arc is shorter, the shorter lengths L2, L2' (Figs. 5 and 6). The distance 侧壁 between the side wall portion 18 of the upper serpentine portion and the longitudinal center line LML is the same as the distance 1; 1 from the side wall portion 19. Until the end strip 15, the distance α, α 1 is the same, but the end strip i 5 is reduced. The following distance relationship is obtained in the direction of the front end strip 1 1 : a 2 < a 3 a 4 < a 5 -18- 201006726 a 6 < a 7 The maximum contour thickness PD is as follows. The following distance relationship is obtained in the direction of the front end strip: a S > a 9 a 1 0 > a 11 a 12 > a 13 a 14 > a 15 a 16 > a 17 a 18 > a 19 where al6 and The ratio of ctl7 is approximately 2:1. Figure 6 clearly shows the ratio of the distances from each other, that is, the distance α9, α: 11, α 13, 〇: 15, α 17, α 19 is substantially relative to the distance α 8, α 10, α 12, α: 14, α: 16, ο: 18, decreasing toward the front end strip 11. Since all of the cross sections of the upper rudder blade portion 10 have the same shape, the cross-sectional profile having the illustrated distance extends through all the cross sections of the upper rudder blade portion 10 and passes through all the cross sections of the lower rudder blade portion, which also applies. In the cross section of the lower rudder blade portion 20, and in particular considering the cross section or frame of the rudder blade 100 from the top to the bottom, with respect to the length thereof and the area facing the front end strip is tapered (Fig. 10) . According to still another embodiment of Fig. 14, the arc length BL1 of the side walls 19, 29 of the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20 is larger than the flat arc side wall portions of the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20. The arc length BL of 18, 28 is such that the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20 have such a large curved side wall portion 19, 29 to a transitional zone extending linearly to the side wall portions 17, 27 of the end strip 15 And the flat curved side wall portions 18, 28 of the upper and lower rudder blade portions 10, 20 to the transition zone 此 B toward the end strip of the side wall portions 16 and 26 extending in a straight line to the end -19-201006726 15 offset, so that the transition zone ϋΒ 1 faces the end strip relative to the transition zone. In this case, the lengths of the side wall portions 18, 19 and 28, 29 are as follows: L3 ^ L2 L'2 < L'3 L, 4 > L'4 (Fig. 14) converges above the end strip 15 The leg portions of the straight line side walls 16, 17, 26, 27 of the rudder blade portion 10 and the lower rudder blade portion 20 preferably have the same length, but configurations of different lengths are also possible. The present invention also includes a rudder configuration in which the torsion rudder blade 100 is provided with wings that extend above the rudder blade portions 10, 20. The rudder configuration of the present invention is characterized in that the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings and the illustrated embodiments in the drawings are described in detail in the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained with reference to the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 shows a side view of a rudder configuration including a torsion-balanced rudder blade with upper and lower rudder blade portions and a rudder column mounted on the upper rudder blade portion; Figure 2 shows a torsion of the rudder configuration a diagram of the rudder blade; Figure 3 shows a schematic sketch of the torsion rudder blade with the outer skin removed and the majority of the plate-shaped frame in the second rudder blade; Figures 4, 4A, 4B, 4C show the rudder blade according to Figure 3. Four plate-shaped frames of the upper rudder blade -20- 201006726; Figure 4D shows an enlarged view of the slab-shaped frame of the rudder blade under the rudder blade according to Fig. 3; Figure 4E shows the rudder blade according to the third figure The plate-shaped frame of the lower rudder blade> Fig. 5 shows an enlarged view of the plate-shaped frame according to Fig. 4, and Fig. 6 shows an enlarged view of the plate-shaped frame according to Fig. 4, which has a lateral marginal distance Distance information of the longitudinal centerline of the frame; ® Figure 7 shows a sketch of another torsionally balanced rudder blade comprising a plurality of plate-shaped frames arranged in the upper rudder blade and the lower rudder blade; 8th, 8th, 8th, Figure 8C shows an enlarged view from above the four plate-shaped frames of the rudder blade above the rudder blade according to Figure 7, the rudder blade has The gaps applied to the rudder tube of the rudder column; Figures 8D, 8E, and 8F show enlarged views from above the three plate-shaped frames of the rudder blade under the rudder blade according to Fig. 7; Figure 7 'Enlarged view of the rudder blade above the rudder blade _ the square view of the rudder tube for the rudder tube for the rudder column. Figure 10 shows the rudder configuration according to Figure 7. An enlarged view from below the torsion rudder blade; Figure 11 shows an enlarged view from above the fastening plate between the rudder blade portion and the lower rudder blade portion arranged in the rudder configuration according to Fig. 7, the rudder configuration has Outline and dimensions of the contour and dimensions of the bottom plate and the lower rudder blade of the upper rudder blade; -21- 201006726 Figure 12 shows the front view of the torsion rudder blade; Figure 13 shows the rudder with the inclination extending to the propeller side Side view of the rudder blade of the leaf edge; Figure 14 shows a view from above the cross-sectional profile of the frame of the rudder blade from another embodiment; and Figure 15 shows a longitudinal section of the rudder column with the rudder tube mounted' The rudder tube is used in a rudder column disposed in the upper rudder blade portion. [Main component symbol description]
10, 20 舵 葉 部 11， 2 1 > *-刖 m 條 1 1 5 半 圓 形 邊 緣 環繞部 12, 13 側 壁 表 面 15 端 條 1 5 5 邊 緣 16, 17，26 側 壁 部 18, 28 側 壁 部 19, 29 側 壁 部 21, 22 側 壁 表 面 30 橫 剖 表 面 區 域 31, 32 橫 剖 表 面 部 40 框 架 42 底 板 43 上 蓋 板 45 緊 固 板 45a ,45b 側 壁 表 面 -22- 201006726 46，47 橫剖表面部 50 框架 100 舵葉 105 間隙 110 船身 115 螺旋槳 120 舵管 120b 下端區域 φ 125 內孔 130 環形軸承 140 舵柱 140a 部位 140b 端部區域 145 端部緊固裝置 150 軸承 160 縮進（凹陷） ❹ 170 區域 BB 左舷 LML 縱中心線 OB 上部區域 PA 螺旋槳軸 PD 最大輪廓厚度 SB 右舷 UB 下部區域 〇B, ϋΒΙ 過渡區域 -23-10, 20 rudder blade 11, 2 1 > *-刖m strip 1 1 5 semicircular edge surrounding portion 12, 13 side wall surface 15 end strip 1 5 5 edge 16, 17, 26 side wall portion 18, 28 side wall portion 19, 29 Side wall portion 21, 22 Side wall surface 30 Cross-sectional surface area 31, 32 Cross-sectional surface portion 40 Frame 42 Base plate 43 Upper cover plate 45 Fastening plates 45a, 45b Side wall surface -22- 201006726 46,47 Cross-section surface 50 Frame 100 Rudder blade 105 Clearance 110 Hull 115 Propeller 120 Rudder tube 120b Lower end region φ 125 Inner bore 130 Annular bearing 140 Rudder post 140a Location 140b End region 145 End fastening device 150 Bearing 160 Retracted (recessed) ❹ 170 Area BB Port side LML Vertical center line OB Upper area PA Propeller axis PD Maximum profile thickness SB Starboard UB Lower area 〇B, 过渡 Transition area -23-