200948514 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種利用粉末冶金法的燒結零件之製造 方法’尤其係關於具有0.01〜0.2mm左右之寬度的薄肉部或 凸部的燒結零件之製造方法。 【先前技術】 粉末冶金法大體上區分爲：壓模法，係將原料粉末充 塡到壓模的模孔內，以衝頭將其加壓並將進行壓粉成型所 〇 獲得的成型體加以燒結；及射出成型法，係將原料粉末與 多量的結合劑一起混練之後而成爲流動狀態的原料加壓充 塡到模具內的空隙，對所獲得的成型體加熱而除去結合劑 之後，進行燒結。 壓模法爲了獲得原料粉末之流動性及與模具之潤滑 性，而將1質量％以下左右的成型潤滑劑混入原料粉末，但 是由於成型潤滑劑之添加量少，在燒結步驟開始階段容易 揮發而除去，故有脫脂步驟短即可之優點。在壓模法中， 原料粉末對模具的充塡，係以利用被稱爲進給器（粉箱）的 粉末供給裝置將原料粉末落入形成於模具與下衝頭等的空 間的方法來進行，但是在此方法中，無法避免充塡會產生 一定的誤差。另一方面，在製造如上述具有狹小部位之製 品的情況下，此誤差不在容許範圍內，又，爲了形成如上 述之狹小部位，當在壓模設置微小之間隙並將原料粉末充 塡到此間隙時，有使用原料粉末之粒徑爲小的需要。此時， 原料粉末之流動性降低且充塡性亦降低，因而產生無法進 行穩定的原料粉末之供給的不利情形》 -4- 200948514 射出成型法之優點在於，即使是上述壓模法中無法造 形之具有側孔等之形狀者，亦可進行造形》但是，爲了確 保原料之流動性而在原料粉末中添加30~70體積％之熱可 塑性樹脂等之結合劑進行混練，因此成型體中含有多量的 結合劑，因而在除去結合劑的脫結合劑步驟有浪費時間的 缺點。又，對於厚度爲0.1~0.3mm左右之薄肉部，模具的 模腔太小，因此不易將金屬粉末均勻地充塡到模腔。亦即， 在射出成型法中，原料經由澆口及澆道射出到模具內，但 〇 是當充塡原料的模具之空隙爲微少之時，爲了在這樣的空 隙內部充塡原料，必須以高壓將原料進行充塡。但是，裝 置的高壓化並不合於現實，因爲會產生金屬粉末及結合劑 的分離或產生模具的毛邊。另一方面，雖然將結合劑量增 加以提高流動性之檢討也在進行，但是當增加結合劑的量 時，會產生燒結後之尺寸收縮變大的變形問題。由於此等 事情，在現實上射出成型可能的厚度界限爲0.5 mm。 在這樣的狀況中，提議有兼具壓模法及射出成型法之 © 優點的造形法（日本特開2006-34458 1號公報等）。此乃使用 添加較通常的壓模法所添加者更多量的結合劑之原料而進 行壓模成型的方法。日本特開2006-344581號公報係關於冷 陰極螢光燈用電極的發明，進行下列步驟：原料調整步驟， 將由熱可塑性樹脂及蠟形成的結合劑以40~60體積％，添加 到由鉬粉末及鎢粉末形成的金屬粉末中，加熱混練而調整 原料；充塡步驟，將預定量原料充塡到壓模之模孔內；加 壓成型步驟’以衝頭對模孔內之原料加壓而成型爲有底圓 筒狀；拔出步驟，將在此加壓成型步驟之後得出的有底圓 200948514 ' 筒狀成型體從壓模拔出；脫結合劑步驟，將從壓模拔出後 的有底圓筒狀成型體加熱而除去結合劑；燒結步驟，將該 已脫結合劑的有底圓筒狀成型體加熱而使粉末彼此擴散結 合。記載有藉此而製造出圓筒部之厚度爲〇.l~〇.2mm及具 有狹小部之微小的燒結零件。又，在上述特開2006-3445 8 1 號公報中記載著：將原料加熱到熱可塑性樹脂之軟化點以 上之溫度而進行成型步驟，將原料冷卻到熱可塑性樹脂之 軟化點以下及蠟之軟化點以上的溫度，以進行拔出步驟。 Ο 上述特開2006-3445 8 1號公報雖然係適合於製造具有 〇.l~0.2mm左右之寬度的薄肉物或凸部之微小燒結零件 者，但是爲了將原料加熱到熱可塑性樹脂之軟化點以上之 溫度而進行成型步驟，將原料冷卻到熱可塑性樹脂之軟化 點以下及蠟之軟化點以上的溫度以進行拔出步驟，必須將 成型周程變長。即，在上述壓模法中一次之成型周程僅需 原料之充塡-成型-拔出之步驟即可，相對於此，特開2006-3 44 581號公報中一次之成型周程，因爲經過原料之充塡-原料之加熱-成型-成型體之冷卻-拔出之步驟，故比壓模法 增加步驟，其分量爲一次之成型周程所需要的時間變長。 因此，在量產上，成型周程之縮短即成爲課題》 【發明内容】 在此狀況下，本發明係以縮短特開2006-344581號公報 中~~次之成型周程而提高量產性作爲目的。 本發明係根據針對被加熱而成爲流動狀態的原料之性 狀進行調查硏究所獲得的見解者，使成型時間之縮短及成 200948514 型周程之縮短，藉由改良壓模而使成型前之原料的加熱及 成型後之成型體的冷卻時間之縮短，由這兩個觀點而可達 成作爲骨幹。 具體上，本發明之第一燒結零件的製造方法，係具備： 原料調整步驟，將由熱可塑性樹脂及蠟形成的結合劑以 40~60體積％，添加到金屬粉末中，加熱混練而調整原料； 充塡步驟，將預定量之上述原料充塡到壓模之模孔內；加 壓成型步驟，以衝頭將充塡到上述模孔內之原料加壓而成 〇 型爲所要形狀；拔出步驟，將在上述加壓成型步驟之後得 出的成型體從上述壓模拔出；脫結合劑步驟，將從上述壓 模拔出後的成型體加熱而除去上述結合劑；燒結步驟，將 該已脫結合劑的成型體加熱而使粉末彼此擴散結合之燒結 零件的製造方法，其特徵爲：將該加壓成型步驟安排成： 衝頭之移動速度U定成在當AP:衝頭之加壓力（Pa)、μ : 黏度（Pa · s)、L :長度（m)、De :相當管徑（m)時，以下記[公 式1]求出的速度以下而進行加壓成型： ® U= Δ Ρ/(32 μ xL)xDe2 …[公式 1]。 此外，本發明之較佳形態係以上述衝頭之移動速度U 在以下記[公式1]求出的値之8成以上之速度進行成型。 又，達成成型周程之縮短的本發明之第二燒結零件的 製造方法，係具備：原料調整步驟，將由熱可塑性樹脂及 孅形成的結合劑以40~60體積％，添加到金屬粉末中，加熱 混練而調整原料；充塡步驟，將預定量之上述原料充塡到 壓模之模孔內；加壓成型步驟，以衝頭將充塡到上述模孔 內之原料加壓而成型爲所要形狀；拔出步驟，將在上述加 200948514 壓成型步驟之後得出的成型體從上述壓模拔出；脫結合劑 步驟，將從上述壓模拔出後的成型體加熱而除去上述結合 劑；燒結步驟，將該已脫結合劑的成型體加熱而使粉末彼 此擴散結合之燒結零件的製造方法，其特徵爲：使用磁性 模具材料作爲上述壓模，設置沿著上述模孔之成型面使冷 媒流動於內側之冷卻手段，同時在上述冷卻手段之周圍設 置高頻感應之加熱手段，在上述充塡步驟中，藉由利用上 述加熱手段加熱上述模孔，將充塡於上述壓模內的原料加 φ 熱’在上述加壓成型步驟中，利用伺服機構驅動且控制衝 頭，在上述加壓成型步驟之後，藉由利用上述冷卻手段以 冷卻模孔而冷卻之後，進行上述拔出步驟。 又，本發明之第三燒結零件的製造方法係同時進行上 述之成型時間之縮短、及上述成型前之原料的加熱及成型 後之成型體的冷卻時間之縮短者，具備··原料調整步驟， 將由熱可塑性樹脂及蠟形成的結合劑以40~60體積％，添加 到金屬粉末中，加熱混練而調整原料；充塡步驟，將預定 〇 量之上述原料充塡到壓模之模孔內；加壓成型步驟，將充 塡到上述模孔內之原料以衝頭加壓而成型爲所要形狀；拔 出步驟，將在上述加壓成型步驟之後得出的成型體從上述 壓模拔出；脫結合劑步驟，將從上述壓模拔出後的成型體 加熱而除去上述結合劑；燒結步驟，將該已脫結合劑的成 型體加熱而使粉末彼此擴散結合之燒結零件的製造方法， 其特徵爲：使用磁性模具材料作爲上述壓模，設置沿著上 述模孔之成型面使冷媒流動於內側之冷卻手段，同時在上 述冷卻手段之周圍設置高頻感應之加熱手段，在上述充塡 200948514 步驟中將充塡於上述壓模內的原料，藉由利用上述加熱手 段加熱上述模孔而進行加熱，在上述加壓成型步驟中，利 用伺服機構驅動且控制衝頭，將衝頭之移動速度u定成在 當ΔΡ:衝頭之加壓力（Pa)、以：黏度（pa · s)、L :長度（m)、 De :相當管徑（m)時，以下記[公式1]求出的速度以下而進 行加壓成型，在上述加壓成型步驟之後，藉由利用上述冷 卻手段以冷卻模孔而被冷卻之後，進行上述之拔出步驟。 此外，本發明之較佳形態亦係以上述衝頭之移動速度 Φ U在以下記[公式1]求出的値之8成以上之速度進行成型。 依照本發明時，在具備：原料調整步驟，將由熱可塑 性樹脂及蠟形成的結合劑以40〜60體積％，添加到金屬粉末 中，加熱混練而調整原料；充塡步驟，將預定量之上述原 料充塡到壓模之模孔內；加壓成型步驟，以衝頭將充塡到 上述模孔內之原料加壓而成型爲所要形狀；拔出步驟，將 在上述加壓成型步驟之後得出的成型體從上述壓模拔出； 脫結合劑步驟，將從上述壓模拔出後的成型體加熱而除去 〇 上述結合劑；燒結步驟，將該已脫結合劑的成型體加熱而 使粉末彼此擴散結合之燒結零件的製造方法中，可縮短由 充塡步驟、加壓成型步驟及拔出步驟形成的成型周程，可 達到提高燒結零件的量產性之效果。 【實施方式】 以下將參照圖面說明本發明之一實施形態。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a sintered part using a powder metallurgy method, particularly for a sintered part having a thin portion or a convex portion having a width of about 0.01 to 0.2 mm. Production method. [Prior Art] The powder metallurgy method is generally divided into: a compression molding method in which a raw material powder is charged into a die hole of a stamper, and a molded body obtained by pressurizing the punch and pressing the powder is molded. In the injection molding method, the raw material powder is kneaded with a large amount of the binder, and the raw material in a flowing state is pressurized and filled into the voids in the mold, and the obtained molded body is heated to remove the binder, followed by sintering. . In the press molding method, a molding lubricant of about 1% by mass or less is mixed into the raw material powder in order to obtain fluidity of the raw material powder and lubricity with the mold. However, since the amount of the molding lubricant added is small, it is easily volatilized at the beginning of the sintering step. It is removed, so there is an advantage that the degreasing step is short. In the press molding method, the filling of the mold by the raw material powder is performed by a method of forming the raw material powder into a space formed by a mold, a lower punch, or the like by a powder supply device called a feeder (powder). However, in this method, it is impossible to avoid a certain error caused by charging. On the other hand, in the case of manufacturing an article having a narrow portion as described above, the error is not within the allowable range, and in order to form a narrow portion as described above, when a small gap is provided in the stamper, the raw material powder is filled thereto. In the case of a gap, there is a need to use a particle size of the raw material powder to be small. At this time, the fluidity of the raw material powder is lowered and the chargeability is also lowered, thereby causing an unfavorable situation in which stable supply of the raw material powder is impossible. -4- 200948514 The injection molding method has an advantage in that it cannot be formed even in the above-mentioned compression molding method. In the shape of the side hole or the like, the shape may be formed. However, in order to ensure the fluidity of the raw material, 30 to 70% by volume of a binder such as a thermoplastic resin is added to the raw material powder, and the mixture is kneaded. The binder, and thus the debinding agent step of removing the binder, has the disadvantage of wasting time. Further, for a thin portion having a thickness of about 0.1 to 0.3 mm, the cavity of the mold is too small, so that it is difficult to uniformly charge the metal powder into the cavity. That is, in the injection molding method, the raw material is injected into the mold through the gate and the runner, but when the gap of the mold filled with the raw material is small, in order to fill the inside of such a void, it is necessary to use a high pressure. The raw materials are filled. However, the high pressure of the apparatus is not realistic because it separates the metal powder and the binder or produces a burr of the mold. On the other hand, although the review of the increase in the combined dose and the improvement of the fluidity is also carried out, when the amount of the binder is increased, the problem of deformation in which the dimensional shrinkage after sintering becomes large is caused. Due to these things, the realistic thickness limit for injection molding is 0.5 mm. In such a case, there is proposed a method of forming the advantage of the press molding method and the injection molding method (JP-A-2006-34458 No. 1, etc.). This is a method of performing compression molding by using a raw material of a binder in a larger amount than that added by a usual compression molding method. JP-A-2006-344581 discloses an electrode for a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, and performs the following steps: a raw material adjusting step of adding a binder composed of a thermoplastic resin and a wax to a molybdenum powder at 40 to 60% by volume. And the metal powder formed by the tungsten powder is heated and kneaded to adjust the raw material; the charging step is to fill a predetermined amount of the raw material into the die hole of the stamper; and the press forming step is to pressurize the raw material in the die hole by the punch. Formed into a bottomed cylindrical shape; the extraction step, the bottomed circle obtained after the pressure forming step is 200948514', the cylindrical molded body is pulled out from the stamper; the debonding step is taken out from the stamper The bottomed cylindrical molded body is heated to remove the binder; and in the sintering step, the bottomed cylindrical molded body of the debonded agent is heated to diffusely bond the powders to each other. According to this, it is described that the cylindrical portion has a thickness of 〇.l to 2.2 mm and a minute sintered part having a narrow portion. Further, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei. No. 2006-3445 8 1 discloses that a raw material is heated to a temperature higher than a softening point of a thermoplastic resin to perform a molding step, and the raw material is cooled to a softening point of the thermoplastic resin and softened by wax. Click above the temperature to perform the extraction step. Ο The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-3445 8 1 is suitable for producing a thin sintered part having a thin meat or a convex portion having a width of about 0.1 to 0.2 mm, but for heating the raw material to a softening point of the thermoplastic resin. The molding step is carried out at the above temperature, and the raw material is cooled to a temperature equal to or lower than the softening point of the thermoplastic resin and the softening point of the wax to carry out the extraction step, and the molding cycle must be lengthened. That is, in the above-described compression molding method, the molding cycle of one time only requires the step of filling-forming-extracting the raw material, and in contrast, the molding cycle of the one-time publication No. 2006-3 44 581 is used because After the filling of the raw material - the heating-forming of the raw material - the cooling-extracting step of the molded body, the time required for the molding cycle of the primary molding process becomes longer than the press molding method. Therefore, in the case of mass production, the shortening of the molding cycle is a problem. [Invention] In the present invention, the present invention improves the mass productivity by shortening the molding cycle in the Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-344581. For the purpose. The present invention is based on an investigation conducted by investigating the properties of a raw material which is heated to be in a flowing state, shortens the molding time, shortens the cycle of the 200948514 type, and improves the molding die to improve the material before molding. The heating and the shortening of the cooling time of the molded body after molding can be achieved as a backbone from these two viewpoints. Specifically, the method for producing a first sintered component according to the present invention includes: a raw material adjusting step of adding a binder composed of a thermoplastic resin and a wax to a metal powder at 40 to 60% by volume, and heating and kneading to adjust a raw material; a charging step of charging a predetermined amount of the raw material into a die hole of the stamper; and performing a press forming step of pressurizing the raw material filled in the die hole into a desired shape; a step of extracting a molded body obtained after the press molding step from the stamper; a step of removing the binder, heating the molded body obtained by extracting the stamper to remove the binder; and sintering step A method for manufacturing a sintered part in which a molded body of a debonding agent is heated to diffusely bond the powders to each other, characterized in that the press forming step is arranged such that: the moving speed U of the punch is set at the time when the AP: punch is added Pressure (Pa), μ: Viscosity (Pa · s), L: Length (m), De: When the pipe diameter (m) is equivalent, press forming is performed below the speed obtained by [Formula 1]: ® U = Δ Ρ / (32 μ x L) x De2 ... [Formula 1]. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moving speed U of the punch is formed at a speed of 80% or more of the enthalpy obtained by [Formula 1] below. Moreover, the method for producing the second sintered component of the present invention, which has a shortened molding cycle, is provided with a raw material adjusting step of adding a binder composed of a thermoplastic resin and ruthenium to the metal powder at 40 to 60% by volume. Heating and kneading to adjust the raw material; filling the step, filling a predetermined amount of the raw material into the die hole of the stamper; and pressing the molding step to pressurize the raw material filled in the die hole to form a desired a shape; an extraction step of extracting the molded body obtained after the press-molding step of the above-mentioned 200948514 from the above-mentioned stamper; and a step of removing the binder, heating the molded body extracted from the stamper to remove the bonding agent; In the sintering step, the method for producing a sintered part in which the molded body of the debonding agent is heated to diffuse and bond the powders to each other is characterized in that a magnetic mold material is used as the stamper, and a molding surface along the die hole is provided to provide a refrigerant a cooling means flowing on the inner side, and a heating means for high-frequency induction is provided around the cooling means, and in the charging step, by using the heating And heating the material in the stamper to φ heat in the press molding step, driving and controlling the punch by a servo mechanism, after the press molding step, by using the cooling After the means is cooled by cooling the die holes, the above-described extraction step is performed. Further, in the method for producing the third sintered component of the present invention, the shortening of the molding time described above, and the heating of the raw material before the molding and the shortening of the cooling time of the molded body after the molding are performed, and the raw material adjusting step is provided. The binder formed of the thermoplastic resin and the wax is added to the metal powder at 40 to 60% by volume, and the raw material is adjusted by heating and kneading; and the filling step is performed, and the predetermined amount of the raw material is charged into the die hole of the stamper; a press molding step of molding a raw material filled in the die hole into a desired shape by pressing with a punch; and extracting a step of extracting the molded body obtained after the press molding step from the stamper; a binder removal step of heating a molded body obtained by extracting the stamper to remove the binder; and a sintering step of heating the molded body of the binder to melt and bonding the powder to each other. The utility model is characterized in that a magnetic mold material is used as the above-mentioned stamper, and a cooling means for flowing a refrigerant along the molding surface of the die hole to the inside is provided, and at the same time, the cooling hand is a heating means for providing high-frequency induction around the heating means, wherein the raw material filled in the stamper is heated in the step of the filling method 200948514, and the mold hole is heated by the heating means, and in the press molding step, Driven by the servo mechanism and controlled by the punch, the moving speed u of the punch is set to be ΔΡ: the pressing force of the punch (Pa), the viscosity: (pa · s), L: the length (m), De : equivalent In the case of the pipe diameter (m), press molding is performed at a speed lower than the speed obtained by [Formula 1] below, and after the press molding step, the cooling means is used to cool the die hole, and then the above is performed. Pull out the steps. Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the moving speed Φ U of the punch is formed at a speed of 80% or more of the enthalpy obtained by [Formula 1] below. According to the present invention, the raw material adjusting step includes adding a binder composed of a thermoplastic resin and a wax to the metal powder at 40 to 60% by volume, heating and kneading to adjust the raw material, and charging a predetermined amount of the above-mentioned materials. The raw material is filled into the die hole of the stamper; in the press forming step, the raw material filled in the die hole is pressed into a desired shape by a punch; the pulling step is obtained after the press forming step The molded body is taken out from the stamper; the binder is removed, and the molded body obtained by extracting the stamper is heated to remove the binder; and the sintering step is performed to heat the molded body of the binder In the method for producing a sintered component in which the powders are diffused and bonded to each other, the molding cycle formed by the charging step, the press molding step, and the drawing step can be shortened, and the effect of improving the mass productivity of the sintered component can be achieved. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
「原料之性狀J 首先，記下爲了調查原料粉末之加壓成型時之舉動而 進行的試驗之結果 200948514 準備平均粒徑爲2//m之鎢粉末以作爲金屬粉末，將聚 縮醛系樹脂及石蠟作爲主要成分的樹脂結合劑以56體積％ 混合，製作外徑爲1.88mm全長爲2.97mm之圓柱狀小顆粒 而製備原料。又，在具有直徑爲20.8mm之圓形模孔的模具 之外周安裝結合加熱器，將下衝頭自由搖動地嵌合在模具 的模孔，並承載於英式（instron)試驗機（島津自動層析機）， 同時準備直徑爲1.68mm及1.88mm之兩種作爲上衝頭，配 置成使模具之模孔與上衝頭爲同芯而安裝在英式試驗機以 〇 構成壓模。將原料投入此壓模中，利用結合加熱器將模具 及原料加繞到433K之後，以0.08mm/s之速度將上衝頭下 降而進行原料之加壓成型，而加壓成型爲厚度爲0.1 mm及 〇.2mm之有底圓筒形。將此時之成型負荷變化顯示在第1 圖。此外，第1圖的上段之圖以A~E之順序顯示加壓成型 之過程，符號31是原料之顆粒，32是具有模孔32a之模具， 33是下衝頭，34是上衝頭。又，第2圖是顯示各成型過程 A~E之成型體的照片。 © 由第1圖了解到，經過三階段：在上衝頭之移動距離 與成型負荷的關係中，上衝頭及原料抵接（A)，伴隨上衝頭 之下降而產生原料之變形，原料與模孔壁面接觸（B)爲止之 變形初期（A~B);在原料與模孔壁面接觸（B)之後，原料更 進一步變形而成立充滿模孔內的狀態之變形中期（B~C);原 料在充滿模孔內（C)之後，進行薄肉部之壓出（D)而到加壓 成型完成（E)之變形後期（C~E)。又，在變形初期（A-B)、變 形中期（B~C)、變形後期（C~E)之各階段了解到，成型負荷 對上衝頭的移動距離係分別以一定之比例而增加。又，可 -10- 200948514 ' 了解到，薄肉部之厚度爲0.1mm及〇.2mm，厚度爲0.1mm 其薄肉部之形成時的負荷係比厚度爲0.2 mm者爲高，隨著 上衝頭的移動距離增加，負荷的增加量變大。 又，由第1圖了解到，爲了獲得作爲目標之有底圓筒 狀所需要的負荷，在厚度爲〇.2mm之情況下爲1.6N，在厚 度爲0.1mm之情況下爲2.6N左右時，與壓模法比較，以非 常小的壓力可成型。在本試驗中，上衝頭的截面積在厚度 爲0.1mm之情況下爲2.217mm2，在厚度爲〇.2mm之情況下 φ 爲2.776mm2左右，因此上衝頭的成型壓力在厚度爲0.2mm 之情況下爲0.72MPa，在厚度爲0.1mm之情況下爲0.94 MPa 左右。 但是，在定常壓力將整塊金屬做後方壓出之情況下， 爲了在與容器（模具）或衝頭壁面部接觸的部分不產生原料 與模具的滑動，壓出壓力（成型負荷）係顯示一定之値。但 是’於上述試驗中，在變形後期（C~E)產生薄肉部之壓出所 需要的成型負荷係伴隨著上衝頭之移動距離的增加而以一 〇 定比例增加，此點顯示在定常壓力將整塊金屬做後方壓出 之情況下有顯著不同的舉動。 此舉動在壓出薄肉部的變形後期中，經常一方面伴隨 著原料與模具的滑動，一方面形成薄肉部，因此由於上衝 頭之移動距離的增加而增加摩擦面積，其結果成型負荷應 會增加’更進一步，應係原料在充滿模孔內（C)之後，半溶 融的原料作爲液體之舉動，藉此而產生此種滑動者。因而， 從變形初期到中期（A~C)顯示混練物之變形抵抗，即固體之 塑性變形，在其後之薄肉部的壓出（變形後期：C~E)應係顯 -11 - 200948514 ' 示混練物之黏性、即液體之流動顯示支配性的流變學的變 形舉動者。 因而，根據此考量，針對薄肉部的厚度爲0.1 mm及 0.2mm不同之情況的變形後期之舉動，使用壓力損失之公 式（哈根•普瓦塞伊公式）來計算相對於加壓成型時之薄肉 部膨大量的薄肉部之膨大所需要的負荷。其結果顯示在第 3圖。此外，壓力損失之公式係如下列[公式2]所示， Δ Ρ = 32 β xLxU/De2 …[公式 2]。 〇 在此，ΔΡ:壓力損失（Pa)、// :黏度（Pa · s)、L :長 度（m)、U :流速（m/s)，在本試驗中，De:相當管徑（m)係（模 孔之直徑-上衝頭之直徑），亦即此係薄肉部之厚度t的2 倍。 從第3圖可了解，薄肉部膨大量及薄肉部之膨大所需 要的負荷之相關關係之依上述壓力損失之公式的計算値與 實測値大致一致。由此結果確認，可以充分地加熱到結合 劑成分之熔點以上而成爲流動狀態的原料作爲流體而進行 ❹處理。 從以上之試驗結果獲得以下的見解：將由熱可塑性樹 脂及蠟形成的結合劑添加到金屬粉末中並加熱混練後的原 料，加熱到熱可塑性樹脂之軟化點以上之溫度而進行成型 之情況下，可將原料作爲流體而進行處理，而且，在狹小 的f薄肉部中相對於膨大量之膨大所需要的負荷可由上述之 壓力損失之公式求得。 因而，使用在結合劑之熔融狀態時黏度爲V (Pa· s)之 原料，成型體之長度爲L(m)，將依薄肉部t之相當管徑De(m) -12- 200948514 之成型體加以成型的情況下，利用衝頭的加壓力△ P(Pa)， 將衝頭之移動速度U(m/s)調整在以下記[公式1]求出的速 度以下的話，作爲流體而舉動的原料在薄肉部充分地膨 大，可充滿薄肉部。藉此，可良好地將成型體加以成型， U= Δ Ρ/(32 μ. xL)xDeJ …[公式 1]。 此外，雖然即使將衝頭之移動速度U定成比以[公式 1]求出的速度更慢，亦可獲得良好的成型體，但是當將衝 頭之移動速度U定成極緩慢時，由於加壓成型步驟變長而 φ 使生產性降低。有鑑於此，縱使衝頭之移動速度U定成很 慢，亦以在[公式1]求出的速度之8成以上之速度爲宜。 又，增加衝頭之加壓力AP的話，可使衝頭之移動速 度U成爲高速，藉此可縮短成型步驟所需要的時間。 但是，在壓模法中製造一般密度之燒結品之情況下， 成型壓力係爲500~800 MPa左右，在製造高密度之燒結品 時，亦有超過lGPa之情形。另一方面，如本發明般，在將 成爲流動狀態的原料加壓成型之情況下，如從第1圖可了 © 解，上衝頭之成型壓力，在厚度爲0.2mm之情況下爲 0.7 2MPa，在厚度爲0.1mm之情況下爲0.94MPa左右時，與 壓模法比較，能以非常小的壓力成型。因而，在將成爲流 動狀態的原料加壓成型之情況下，並不需要如壓模法中使 用之衝床容量爲從數十噸到數百噸之高負荷之衝床裝置， 同時可使衝床裝置小型化。又，在將成爲流動狀態的原料 加壓成型之情況下，以可精密地控制衝頭之加壓力ΔΡ、 及衝頭之移動速度U的衝床裝置爲宜。因此，使用精密之 行程控制爲可能的單軸伺服衝床方式者作爲衝床裝置爲較 -13- 200948514 ' 佳。 「壓模之改良」 如上述的壓模，在加壓步驟中，雖利用伺服機構驅動 衝頭而進行精密控制爲宜，但更進一步爲了達到原料之加 熱及成型後之成型體的冷卻所需要之時間的縮短，將相對 地控制困難的冷卻手段配置在壓模之內側，在其外側配置 控制容易的高頻感應式加熱手段而構成的壓模爲較佳。即 由於使用高頻感應式加熱手段，故利用產生於表面附近的 Φ 渦電流而直接加熱壓模之模孔表面，因此加熱時間大幅地 縮短。又，由於流動有冷媒的冷卻手段靠近壓模之模孔表 面，因此利用冷媒的流動，可急速地冷卻壓模之模孔表面。 藉由此種構成，使縮短壓模之加熱及冷卻之周程的控制變 容易。 第4A及4B圖是顯示適合於實施本發明之製造方法的 模具及使用該模具的成型品單穴構造之一實施形態的剖面 圖》第4A圖顯示原料的充塡狀態，第4B圖是顯示成型完 〇 成時之狀態。在同一圖中，符號1標示被成型之原料，符 號2標示將原料1作成型加工之後的有底圓筒狀之成型 品’符號3係原料插入內部的成型用之固定模具（下模）， 符號4係設置於固定模具3之上方，將原料1加以成型的 可動模具（上模）。 於固定模具3中，在中央設置具有中空孔5&之圓筒狀 的壓模5。壓模5係將原料壓出成型的模具零件，係傳熱 性良好的金屬’而且係利用高頻加熱的磁性體（鐵等）形成 者’故爲了將熱容量儘量地作成小，而形成小質量、小體 -14- 200948514 ' 積。在可動模具4分別設置有：下降於壓模5之中空孔5a 內而將原料1壓出成型的上內衝頭6、及決定壓出成型後 之原料1的高度之上外衝頭7。 第4A圖之符號9爲靠近壓模5之成型表面埋設之冷卻 手段，係內部流動有冷水等之冷媒的管狀體所製成。此外， 爲了在冷卻時消除成型表面5b之溫度不均，如第4B圖所 示，將到冷卻手段9之管狀體之成型表面5b的距離A設定 爲與管狀體之縱向的節距B大致相同。於冷卻手段9之管 φ 狀體中，雖在冷卻時冷媒（冷水）流動，但在成型品之排出 時（後述），利用吹入的加壓空氣將冷水作完全無水的排出 而成爲中空狀態，此狀態在加熱時亦被保持使用。 第4A圖之符號8係設置在上述冷卻手段之周圍的加熱 手段。此加熱手段8係在將高頻感應加熱線圈8a埋設在絕 緣物8b內的狀態下捲繞在冷卻手段的周圍而構成。由於高 頻感應加熱係加熱能力容易大幅控制，故比冷卻手段配置 在更外側。符號10係接受加壓成型的原料1而與上內衝頭 〇 協動朝軸方向賦予加壓力的下內衝頭。此下內衝頭ίο亦具 有將成型後被冷卻而固化的成型品2從壓模5往上推的功 能，利用，朝往上的箭號方向移動，從中空孔5a排出。 又，第4A圖之符號11係將固定模具3全體保溫在 120°C之固定側保溫加熱器，符號12係將可動模具4全體 保溫在80°C之可動側保溫加熱器。因而，在成型作業中， 壓模5與固定模具3 —起被保溫於120 °C，可動模具4被保 溫在80°C。又，符號14係配置在壓模5之外周的隔熱板。 壓模5利用此隔熱板14而與固定模具3進行熱分離，因此 -15- 200948514 • 下模全體的熱容量極小。此外’壓模5與固定模具3 —起 經常被保溫於120 °C，故利用空氣傳播等可播保持在同等的 溫度。 以上係模具的構成，此模具在構成上單純’故價廉且 提高維修性》 第5圖是顯示模具的控制系統之控制方塊圖。在同一 圖中，符號20係包含可動·固定之兩模具3, 4的驅動機構 之模具控制機構，符號2 1係控制固定側保溫加熱器11、可 0 動側保溫加熱器1 2及高頻感應加熱線圈8a的加熱控制 器。此外，加熱控制器21以約25 kHz之頻率將高頻感應加 熱線圈8a驅動。第5圖之符號22係供給冷媒或空氣到冷 卻手段9之管狀體的冷媒/空氣控制器，符號23係控制模 具控制機構20之動作的模具控制器，符號24係控制各控 制器的控制部。 將根據第4 A，4B圖及第6圖說明上述構成的模具之動 作。第4A圖中原料1被插入壓模5之中空孔5a內（第6圖： Φ 原料供給T0~T2)，同時開始固定模具3之壓模5的加熱（第 6圖：原料供給Τ1〜Τ2)。此加熱係藉由高頻感應加熱，故 利用產生在屬於加熱線圈8a之內側的磁性體之壓模5的表 面附近之渦電流，將包含壓模5的表面之全體直接加熱。 因而’壓模5之成型表面5b即接觸於原料1之表面而被直 接加熱，故可高效率地將熱傳遞到原料1。 此時，藉由冷媒/空氣控制器22，冷卻手段9之管狀體 內由於冷媒（冷水）被空氣吹入而成爲完全無水的中空狀 態’因此壓模5之熱容量變小，故與上述之高效率熱傳遞 -16- 200948514 • 協同，而大幅地縮短從120°C上昇到15〇。(：之30°C的時間（第 6圖：原料供給T1~T4)。根據實施例，在2~3秒可完成從 120°C 上昇到 150°C。 在第6圖之T4的時點’當原料1到達被加熱到15〇。匚 之狀態時，可動模具4朝箭號方向下降而到達第4B圖所示 之下死點的狀態，上內衝頭6將原料1壓出成型，上外衝 頭7規定成型品2之高度（第6圖：原料供給Τ4~Τ5)。 在上述Τ4-Τ5之成型時點，一起停止加熱手段8之加 Q 熱動作，而切換到冷卻手段9之冷卻動作。即，以4t：的 冷水作爲冷媒而供給到冷卻手段9之管狀體。此管狀體係 靠近壓模5之成型表面5b而埋設，故從壓模5之內側開始 冷卻而擴散到壓模5之全體（第6圖：原料供給Τ5~Τ7)。在 此冷卻步驟中，雖然將壓模5從150°C降溫到120°C僅降 30°C，但壓模5熱容量小且從內側冷卻，因此成型品2之 冷卻可高效率地進行，因而可在短時間降溫。根據實施例， 在使用冷水於冷媒的情況下，可在約3秒內完成3 0 °C 〇 之降溫。 其次，當利用冷卻使成型品2硬化時，可動模具4上 昇而成返回到第4A圖所示的上死點之狀態，接著下內衝頭 10朝往上的箭號方向移動（第6圖：原料供給T8~T9)，從 中空孔5a將成型品2往上方推（第6圖：原料供給T9〜Τ10)， 利用未圖示的機構而排出到模具外（第6圖：T10)，此等 T8~T10之時點構成成型品取出步驟。 大致與此成型品取出步驟之Τ8~Τ10的時點並行’進行 冷卻手段9內冷媒之水清除。具體地’利用冷媒/空氣控制 -17- 200948514 ' 器22之控制，將空氣吹入冷卻手段9之管狀體而將冷 除排出，以將管狀體內作成中空狀態。在此水之清除 雖然接著原料1供給到壓模5而具備有下個加熱步驟 是亦有防止在冷卻手段9之管狀體內之冷水利用保溫 被加熱的狀態而在下個加熱步驟產生沸騰的危險之效 以上之時點T10~T11構成成型之一周程，利用高 進行加熱•冷卻，可縮短成型周程時間。又，模具之 僅上下動而很單純，不僅成型之作業性及維修性提高 φ 且模具之處理很容易。 又，在將厚度0.2mm之有底圓筒狀之成型體通過 調整步驟、充塡步驟、及加壓成型步驟而獲得之情況 利用上述之[公式1]，將上衝頭之下降速度高速化至僅 秒，則成型需要的時間縮短，同時達到依上述壓模構 加熱步驟及冷卻步驟所需要之時間的縮短，故如第7 示，確認可使由原料之充塡-原料之加熱-成型-成型體 卻-拔出之步驟構成的成型周程之時間，達成與通常之 G 法之情況同樣的1 〇秒/周程左右。 更進一步，將在上述周程成型的有底圓筒狀之成 進行脫結合劑而進行燒結後的燒結零件之剖面照片顯 第8圖。由此第8圖之照片確認可獲得厚度爲〇.2mm 好的燒結零件。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖是顯示本發明相關之成型過程A ~E之模式 段之圖）、及該過程之上衝頭下降量與成型負荷的關係 線（下段之曲線）。 水清 後， ，但 熱而 果。 速地 動作 ，而 原料 下， 5 mm/ 成之 圖所 之冷 壓模 型體 示在 之良 圖（上 :之曲 -18- 200948514 ' 第2圖是顯示各成型過程A~E之成型體的照片。 第3圖是顯示在加壓成型時薄肉部之膨大量及膨大所 需要的負荷之相關關係的實測値及理論値之曲線。 第4A及4B圖是顯示適合於實施本發明之製造方法的 模具及使用該模具的成型品單穴構造之一實施形態的剖面 圖。 第5圖是顯示第4A及4B圖示之模具的控制系統之控 制方塊圖。 〇 第6圖是顯示第4A及4B圖所示之模具的動作之圖。 第7圖是說明一實施形態成型周程所需要之時間的 圖。 第8圖是由一實施形態所獲得的燒結零件之剖面照 片β 【主要元件符號說明】 1 原 料 2 成 型 品 3 固 定 模 具 4 可 動 模 具 5 壓 模 6 上 內 衝 頭 7 上 外 衝 頭 8 加 熱 手 段 8a 高 jiss 頻 感 應加熱線圈 9 冷 卻 手 段 10 下 內 衝 頭 •19- 200948514 • 11 固定側保溫加熱器 12 可動側保溫加熱器"Properties of raw materials J First, the results of tests conducted to investigate the behavior of press molding of raw material powders are recorded. 200948514 Tungsten powder having an average particle diameter of 2/m is prepared as a metal powder, and a polyacetal resin is used. A resin binder containing paraffin as a main component was mixed at 56% by volume to prepare a cylindrical small particle having an outer diameter of 1.88 mm and a total length of 2.97 mm to prepare a raw material. Further, in a mold having a circular die hole having a diameter of 20.8 mm The outer peripheral is mounted with a heater, and the lower punch is freely rocked and fitted into the die hole of the mold, and is carried on an instron test machine (Shimadzu automatic tomograph), and two diameters of 1.68 mm and 1.88 mm are prepared at the same time. The upper punch is configured such that the die hole of the mold and the upper punch are in the same core and are installed in a British testing machine to form a stamper. The raw material is put into the stamper, and the mold and the raw material are added by using a combined heater. After winding to 433K, the upper punch is lowered at a speed of 0.08 mm/s to press-form the raw material, and press-molded into a bottomed cylindrical shape having a thickness of 0.1 mm and 〇.2 mm. Load change is shown in the first In addition, the upper diagram of Fig. 1 shows the process of press forming in the order of A to E, the symbol 31 is the pellet of the raw material, 32 is the mold having the die hole 32a, 33 is the lower punch, and 34 is the upper punch. Further, Fig. 2 is a photograph showing the molded body of each molding process A to E. © It is understood from Fig. 1 that after three stages: in the relationship between the moving distance of the upper punch and the forming load, the upper punch And the raw material contact (A), the deformation of the raw material is caused by the decrease of the upper punch, and the initial stage of deformation (A~B) until the raw material is in contact with the wall surface of the die hole (A~B); after the contact of the raw material with the wall surface of the die hole (B) The raw material is further deformed to form a medium deformation period (B~C) in a state filled in the die hole; after the raw material is filled in the die hole (C), the thin meat portion is pressed out (D) to the press molding completion (E) In the late stage of deformation (C~E), in the initial stage of deformation (AB), mid-deformation (B~C), and late stage of deformation (C~E), the moving distance of the forming load to the upper punch is known. Increase by a certain percentage. Also, -10- 200948514 'Understand that the thickness of the thin meat part is 0.1mm and 〇.2mm, thickness When the thickness of the thin meat portion is 0.1 mm, the load is higher than the thickness of 0.2 mm, and as the moving distance of the upper punch increases, the amount of increase in load increases. Further, as shown in Fig. 1, in order to obtain the target The load required for the bottomed cylindrical shape is 1.6 N in the case of a thickness of 〇2 mm, and is about 2.6 N in the case of a thickness of 0.1 mm, which is comparable to the compression molding method with a very small pressure. In this test, the cross-sectional area of the upper punch is 2.217 mm2 in the case of a thickness of 0.1 mm, and the φ is about 2.776 mm2 in the case of a thickness of 〇.2 mm, so the forming pressure of the upper punch is at a thickness of In the case of 0.2 mm, it is 0.72 MPa, and in the case of a thickness of 0.1 mm, it is about 0.94 MPa. However, in the case where the constant metal is pressed out of the entire piece of metal, the pressing pressure (forming load) is constant in order to prevent the sliding of the raw material and the mold in the portion in contact with the container (mold) or the wall surface of the punch. After that. However, in the above test, the forming load required for the extrusion of the thin flesh portion in the late stage of deformation (C~E) is increased by a constant rate as the moving distance of the upper punch increases, which is shown in the constant pressure. Significantly different actions are made when the entire piece of metal is pressed out. This action is often accompanied by the sliding of the raw material and the mold on the one hand, and the thin meat portion is formed on the one hand, so that the frictional area is increased due to the increase of the moving distance of the upper punch, and the forming load should be Increasingly, further, the semi-melted material is used as a liquid after the material is filled in the die hole (C), thereby producing such a slider. Therefore, from the initial stage to the middle stage of deformation (A~C), the deformation resistance of the kneaded material is shown, that is, the plastic deformation of the solid, and the subsequent extrusion of the thin meat portion (late deformation: C~E) should be -11 - 200948514 ' The viscous behavior of the kneaded material, that is, the flow of the liquid exhibits a dominant rheological deformation behavior. Therefore, according to this consideration, the pressure loss formula (Hagen Poisai formula) is used to calculate the relative deformation of the thin meat portion with a thickness of 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm. The load required for the expansion of the thin portion of the thin meat portion. The result is shown in Figure 3. Further, the formula of the pressure loss is as shown in the following [Formula 2], Δ Ρ = 32 β xLxU/De2 ... [Formula 2]. 〇 Here, ΔΡ: pressure loss (Pa), //: viscosity (Pa · s), L: length (m), U: flow rate (m/s), in this test, De: equivalent pipe diameter (m ) (the diameter of the die hole - the diameter of the upper punch), that is, twice the thickness t of the thin meat portion. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the calculation of the correlation between the pressure loss and the load required for the expansion of the thin meat portion and the thin meat portion is substantially the same as the actual measurement. As a result, it was confirmed that the raw material which was sufficiently heated to the melting point or higher of the binder component and became a fluid state was treated as a fluid. From the above test results, the following findings were obtained: when a binder composed of a thermoplastic resin and a wax is added to a metal powder and the kneaded material is heated and heated to a temperature higher than a softening point of the thermoplastic resin, and then molded, The raw material can be treated as a fluid, and the load required for swelling in a small f-thin portion with respect to a large amount of expansion can be obtained by the above formula for pressure loss. Therefore, the raw material having a viscosity of V (Pa·s) in the molten state of the bonding agent is used, and the length of the molded body is L (m), which is formed by the equivalent diameter De(m) -12 - 200948514 of the thin meat portion t. When the body is molded, the moving speed U (m/s) of the punch is adjusted to the speed determined by [Formula 1] below by the pressing force Δ P (Pa) of the punch, and the fluid is moved. The raw material is fully expanded in the thin meat portion and can be filled with a thin portion of meat. Thereby, the molded body can be favorably molded, U = Δ Ρ / (32 μ. xL) x DeJ (Formula 1). Further, although the moving speed U of the punch is set to be slower than the speed obtained by [Formula 1], a good molded body can be obtained, but when the moving speed U of the punch is set to be extremely slow, The press molding step becomes long and φ lowers productivity. In view of this, even if the moving speed U of the punch is set to be slow, it is preferable to use a speed of 80% or more of the speed obtained in [Formula 1]. Further, by increasing the pressing force AP of the punch, the moving speed U of the punch can be made high, whereby the time required for the molding step can be shortened. However, in the case of producing a sintered product having a general density in a press molding method, the molding pressure is about 500 to 800 MPa, and when a high-density sintered product is produced, it is also more than 1 GPa. On the other hand, in the case of press-forming a material which is in a flowing state as in the present invention, as shown in Fig. 1, the forming pressure of the upper punch is 0.7 in the case of a thickness of 0.2 mm. 2 MPa, when it is about 0.94 MPa in the case of a thickness of 0.1 mm, it can be molded at a very small pressure as compared with the compression molding method. Therefore, in the case of press molding a material which is in a flowing state, a punching apparatus having a punching capacity of from tens of tons to several hundreds of tons, which is used in the press molding method, is not required, and the punching apparatus can be made small. Chemical. Further, in the case of press molding a material which is in a flowing state, it is preferable to use a punching device which can precisely control the pressing force ΔΡ of the punch and the moving speed U of the punch. Therefore, it is better to use the precise stroke control as a possible single-axis servo punching method as the punching device. "Improvement of the stamper" As described above, in the pressurizing step, it is preferable to precisely control the punch by the servo mechanism, but further, in order to achieve heating of the raw material and cooling of the molded body after molding. In the shortening of the time, it is preferable to arrange a cooling means which is relatively difficult to control, and to arrange a cooling means which is arranged inside the stamper, and to arrange a high-frequency induction type heating means which is easy to control. That is, since the high-frequency induction heating means is used, the surface of the die hole of the stamper is directly heated by the Φ eddy current generated in the vicinity of the surface, so that the heating time is greatly shortened. Further, since the cooling means through which the refrigerant flows is close to the surface of the die hole of the stamper, the surface of the die hole of the stamper can be rapidly cooled by the flow of the refrigerant. With such a configuration, it is easy to shorten the control of the circumference of heating and cooling of the stamper. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional views showing an embodiment of a single-hole structure of a mold suitable for carrying out the production method of the present invention and a molded article using the mold. FIG. 4A shows a state in which the raw material is filled, and FIG. 4B is a view. The state of the molding is completed. In the same figure, the symbol 1 indicates the material to be molded, and the symbol 2 indicates the fixed mold (lower mold) for forming the bottomed cylindrical molded product 'the symbol 3 series material after the raw material 1 is molded. Reference numeral 4 is a movable mold (upper mold) in which the raw material 1 is formed above the fixed mold 3. In the fixed mold 3, a cylindrical stamper 5 having a hollow hole 5 & The stamper 5 is a mold part that is formed by extruding a raw material, and is a metal having good heat transfer characteristics, and is formed by a magnetic body (iron or the like) heated by high frequency. Therefore, in order to make the heat capacity as small as possible, a small mass is formed. , 小体-14- 200948514 ' Product. The movable mold 4 is provided with an upper inner punch 6 which is lowered into the hollow hole 5a of the stamper 5 to press-form the raw material 1, and an outer punch 7 which determines the height of the raw material 1 after extrusion molding. The symbol 9 in Fig. 4A is a cooling means buried near the molding surface of the stamper 5, and is formed by a tubular body in which a refrigerant such as cold water flows inside. Further, in order to eliminate the temperature unevenness of the molding surface 5b at the time of cooling, as shown in Fig. 4B, the distance A of the molding surface 5b of the tubular body to the cooling means 9 is set to be substantially the same as the pitch B of the longitudinal direction of the tubular body. . In the tube φ-shaped body of the cooling means 9, the refrigerant (cold water) flows during cooling, but when the molded product is discharged (described later), the cold water is completely discharged without being discharged by the pressurized air to be blown. This state is also maintained during heating. The symbol 8 of Fig. 4A is a heating means provided around the above cooling means. This heating means 8 is formed by winding a high frequency induction heating coil 8a around the cooling means in a state where the high frequency induction heating coil 8a is embedded in the insulating material 8b. Since the heating capability of the high-frequency induction heating system is easily controlled, it is disposed outside the cooling means. Reference numeral 10 is a lower inner punch that receives the pressure-molded material 1 and cooperates with the upper inner punch 赋予 to apply a pressing force in the axial direction. The inner punch ίο also has a function of pushing the molded product 2 which is cooled and solidified by molding from the stamper 5, and is moved upward from the arrow direction to be discharged from the hollow hole 5a. Further, reference numeral 11 in Fig. 4A denotes a fixed side heat insulating heater which heats the entire fixed mold 3 at 120 ° C, and reference numeral 12 denotes a movable side heat insulating heater which heats the entire movable mold 4 at 80 °C. Therefore, in the molding operation, the stamper 5 is kept at 120 °C together with the fixed mold 3, and the movable mold 4 is kept at 80 °C. Further, reference numeral 14 is a heat shield which is disposed on the outer circumference of the stamper 5. The stamper 5 is thermally separated from the fixed mold 3 by the heat insulating plate 14, and therefore -15-200948514 • The heat capacity of the entire lower mold is extremely small. Further, the stamper 5 is often kept at 120 °C together with the fixed mold 3, so that it can be broadcast at the same temperature by air propagation or the like. In the above configuration of the mold, the mold is simple in construction, so that it is inexpensive and improves the maintainability. Fig. 5 is a control block diagram showing the control system of the mold. In the same figure, reference numeral 20 denotes a mold control mechanism for a drive mechanism for moving and fixing the two molds 3, 4, and symbol 2 1 for controlling the fixed side heat insulating heater 11, the movable side heat insulating heater 12 and the high frequency. The heating controller of the induction heating coil 8a. Further, the heating controller 21 drives the high frequency induction heating coil 8a at a frequency of about 25 kHz. The symbol 22 in Fig. 5 is a refrigerant/air controller that supplies refrigerant or air to the tubular body of the cooling means 9, the symbol 23 is a mold controller that controls the operation of the mold control mechanism 20, and the symbol 24 controls the control unit of each controller. . The operation of the above-described mold will be described based on Figs. 4A, 4B and Fig. 6. In Fig. 4A, the raw material 1 is inserted into the hollow hole 5a of the stamper 5 (Fig. 6: Φ raw material supply T0 to T2), and at the same time, the heating of the stamper 5 of the fixed mold 3 is started (Fig. 6: raw material supply Τ1 to Τ2) ). Since this heating is performed by high-frequency induction heating, the entire surface including the stamper 5 is directly heated by the eddy current generated in the vicinity of the surface of the stamper 5 which is a magnetic body which is inside the heating coil 8a. Therefore, the molding surface 5b of the stamper 5 is directly heated by contact with the surface of the raw material 1, so that heat can be efficiently transferred to the raw material 1. At this time, in the tubular body of the cooling means 9 by the refrigerant/air controller 22, the refrigerant (cold water) is blown into the air to become a completely water-free hollow state. Therefore, the heat capacity of the stamper 5 becomes small, so that the above-described high efficiency is achieved. Heat Transfer-16- 200948514 • Synergy, while significantly reducing the rise from 120 ° C to 15 〇. (: 30 ° C time (Fig. 6: raw material supply T1 ~ T4). According to the embodiment, it can be completed from 120 ° C to 150 ° C in 2 to 3 seconds. At the time point of T4 in Fig. 6' When the raw material 1 reaches the state of being heated to 15 〇, the movable mold 4 descends in the direction of the arrow to reach the state of the lower dead point shown in FIG. 4B, and the upper inner punch 6 presses the raw material 1 out of shape. The outer punch 7 defines the height of the molded product 2 (Fig. 6: raw material supply Τ4 to Τ5). At the time of molding of the above Τ4-Τ5, the heating operation of the heating means 8 is stopped, and the cooling to the cooling means 9 is switched. That is, the cold water of 4t: is supplied as a refrigerant to the tubular body of the cooling means 9. The tubular system is buried close to the molding surface 5b of the stamper 5, so that it is cooled from the inside of the stamper 5 and diffused to the stamper 5. The whole (Fig. 6: raw material supply Τ5~Τ7). In this cooling step, although the stamper 5 is cooled from 150 ° C to 120 ° C and only drops by 30 ° C, the stamper 5 has a small heat capacity and is cooled from the inside. Therefore, the cooling of the molded article 2 can be performed efficiently, and thus the temperature can be lowered in a short time. According to the embodiment, cold water is used for cooling. In the case of the medium, the temperature drop of 30 ° C can be completed in about 3 seconds. Next, when the molded article 2 is hardened by cooling, the movable mold 4 is raised to return to the top dead center shown in Fig. 4A. In the state, the inner punch 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 6: raw material supply T8 to T9), and the molded product 2 is pushed upward from the hollow hole 5a (Fig. 6: raw material supply T9 to Τ10) It is discharged to the outside of the mold by a mechanism (not shown) (Fig. 6: T10), and the time of T8 to T10 constitutes a step of taking out the molded product. It is cooled in parallel with the time point of Τ8 to Τ10 of the molded product removal step. The water in the refrigerant in the means 9 is removed. Specifically, by the control of the refrigerant/air control -17-200948514, the air is blown into the tubular body of the cooling means 9 and is cooled and discharged to make the tubular body hollow. In the case where the water is removed, the raw material 1 is supplied to the stamper 5 to have the next heating step, and the cold water in the tubular body of the cooling means 9 is prevented from being heated and heated, and the boiling is caused in the next heating step. When the effect is above, T10~T11 constitutes One type of cycle, high heating and cooling, can shorten the molding cycle time. Moreover, the mold is only moving up and down and is very simple, not only the workability and maintainability of the molding are improved, but the processing of the mold is easy. When the molded body having a bottomed cylindrical shape having a thickness of 0.2 mm is obtained by the adjustment step, the charging step, and the press molding step, the lowering speed of the upper punch is increased to only the second by the above [Formula 1]. The time required for molding is shortened, and the time required for the heating step and the cooling step according to the above-mentioned press structure is shortened. Therefore, as shown in the seventh step, it is confirmed that the heating-forming-molding body of the raw material can be filled. However, the time of the molding cycle formed by the step of pulling out is about 1 sec/week as in the case of the normal G method. Further, a cross-sectional photograph of the sintered component obtained by sintering the bottomed cylindrical shape which has been subjected to the above-described circumferential process and subjected to the debonding agent is shown in Fig. 8. From the photograph of Fig. 8, it was confirmed that a sintered part having a thickness of 〇.2 mm was obtained. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view showing a mode section of a molding process A to E according to the present invention, and a relationship between a drop amount of a punch and a molding load on the process (a curve of the lower section). After the water is clear, but the heat is fruitful. The quick-action action, and the cold-pressed model of the 5 mm/cheng diagram is shown in the figure (上:曲曲-18- 200948514 ' Figure 2 shows the molded body of each molding process A~E Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the measured enthalpy and the theoretical enthalpy of the load required for the bulkiness and swelling of the thin portion during press forming. Figs. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing a manufacturing method suitable for carrying out the present invention. FIG. 5 is a control block diagram showing a control system of the mold shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 6 is a control block diagram showing the mold of the mold shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. Fig. 7 is a view showing the operation time of the mold shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 8 is a view showing the time required for the molding cycle of one embodiment. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the sintered part obtained by an embodiment. Description] 1 Raw material 2 Molded product 3 Fixed mold 4 Movable mold 5 Compression mold 6 Upper inner punch 7 Upper outer punch 8 Heating means 8a High jiss Frequency induction heating coil 9 Cooling means 10 Lower inner punch 19- 200948514 • 11 fixed side of the movable-side temperature keeping heater 12 may heat the heater
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