200918782 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於用來讓地震及風等賦予構造物的振動能 量衰減之阻尼裝置。特別是關於由黏彈性體材料和摩擦材 料所組合而成之阻尼裝置。 【先前技術】 以往，爲了降低因地震及風等所造成之構造物的振動 ’已被提出構造包括：利用黏性體的黏性阻力之制振壁及 黏性剪切型阻尼器、利用高衰減性材橡膠材料之黏彈性型 阻尼器、利用構件的滑動摩擦之摩擦阻尼器等的各種的能 量吸收裝置；這些能量吸收裝置，是以支撐狀安裝於建築 構造物，或是安裝於產生相對移位的構件間。 黏性剪切型阻尼器，對於小振幅乃至中振幅的外力可 獲得較佳的衰減特性。但由於必須具備收容黏性體的容器 ’而有安裝部位受到限制的問題。又在對應於大振幅的外 力的情形，必須將產生黏性阻力的面積加大，而必須形成 多段的阻力板，或將阻力板本身加大，而有裝置變得大型 化的問題。 黏彈性型阻尼器，和黏性阻尼器同樣的，對於小振幅 乃至中振幅的外力可獲得較佳的衰減特性。又在安裝於構 造物時’不會像上述黏性剪切型阻尼器那樣受到限制。然 而’該阻尼器也是，當期望產生大阻力的情形，會產生裝 置變得大型化的問題。 -4- 200918782 摩擦阻尼器，藉由選擇適當的摩擦材料，對於大振幅 的外力可獲得較佳的衰減特性。然而，對於小振幅的外力 ，基於靜摩擦之觸發作用而呈固定狀，並無法獲得較佳的 衰減特性，而有居住性變差的問題。 於是，關於組合前述各種阻尼器的特性而對應於小振 幅乃至大振幅的外力之阻尼裝置，例如在專利文獻1及專 利文獻2提出，將黏彈性阻尼器和摩擦阻尼器串列配置於 可相對變形的2構件間而構成之制振阻尼裝置。然而，該 制振阻尼裝置也是’由於將2個阻尼器連續沿產生相對變 形的方向串列配置，故會有裝置全體變得大型化的問題。 再者，爲了解決上述兩專利文獻所記載的阻尼裝置的 問題點’在專利文獻3提出，不是將摩擦阻尼器和黏彈性 阻尼器串列配置，而是將兩阻尼器積層，並將兩阻尼器用 貫穿積層方向的螺栓、螺帽來緊固之阻尼裝置。該阻尼裝 置’對小振幅的外力會發揮黏彈性阻尼器的作用，對大振 幅的外力會發揮摩擦阻尼器的作用，因此可對應於小振幅 乃至大振幅的寬廣範圍’而能謀求裝置全體的小型化。 〔專利文獻1〕日本特開平9-268802號公報 〔專利文獻2〕日本特開2 〇 〇丨_ 3 4 2 7 4 9號公報 〔專利文獻3〕日本特開2005-171528號公報 【發明內容】 然而’上述專利文獻3所記載的阻尼裝置，若對黏彈 性體施予大的緊固力’黏彈性體將會在厚度方向發生變形 -5- 200918782 ，因此無法賦予較大的緊固力，如此由緊 阻尼器所獲得的摩擦阻力的大小受到限制 性體的蠕變，隨著時間經過緊固力會降低 力可能會變小。 於是，本發明係有鑑於上述問題點而 是提供一種阻尼裝置，係將黏彈性阻尼器 層並緊固在一起的阻尼裝置，即使對黏彈 緊固力也不容易在黏彈性體的厚度方向產 摩擦阻尼器的摩擦面穩定地施加高壓，因 器所獲得的摩擦阻力的大小的限制解除， 經過所造成的摩擦力降低，利用黏彈性阻 昇小振幅時的居住性，利用摩擦阻尼器的 物的耐震性。 爲了達成上述目的，本發明之阻尼裝 :係具備：利用黏彈性體的剪切變形來產 性阻尼器、積層於該黏彈性阻尼器且利用 摩擦衰減力之摩擦阻尼器、朝與前述黏彈 前述摩擦阻尼器的滑動面正交且朝使前述 面及前述摩擦阻尼器的滑動面互相接近的 負荷構件、用來支承藉由前述負荷構件賦 的壓力之壓力支承構件。 依據本發明，由於賦予黏彈性體的壓 承構件來支承，即使對積層在一起的黏彈 阻尼器施加較大的緊固力，仍能抑制該緊 固在一起的摩擦 ，又起因於黏彈 ，所獲得的摩擦 構成者，其目的 和摩擦阻尼器積 性體賦予較大的 生變形，而能對 此可將摩擦阻尼 而防止隨著時間 尼器的作用可提 作用可提昇建築 置，其特徵在於 生衰減力的黏彈 摩擦滑動來產生 性體的剪切面及 黏彈性體的剪切 方向賦予壓力之 予前述黏彈性體 力是藉由壓力支 性阻尼器及摩擦 固力所造成之黏 -6 - 200918782 彈性體的變形，而藉由摩擦阻尼器可穩定地獲得大的摩擦 力。 又本發明的阻尼裝置，其特徵在於：係將利用黏彈性 體的剪切變形來產生衰減力的黏彈性阻尼器、利用摩擦滑 動來產生摩擦衰減力之摩擦阻尼器各複數個交互積層；並 藉由負荷構件，朝與各個黏彈性阻尼器的黏彈性體的剪切 面及各個摩擦阻尼器的滑動面正交且朝使相鄰的前述黏彈 性體各個的剪切面及前述摩擦阻尼器各個的滑動面互相接 近的方向賦予壓力；而且配置壓力支承構件，以支承藉由 該負荷構件賦予前述各個黏彈性體的壓力。 依據本發明’和上述發明同樣的，即使對積層在一起 的黏彈性阻尼器及摩擦阻尼器施加較大的緊固力，仍能抑 制該緊固力所造成之黏彈性體的變形，且由於具備複數組 的黏彈性阻尼器及摩擦阻尼器，故能穩定地獲得更大的摩 擦力。 在前述阻尼裝置，前述壓力支承構件可由彈性材料形 成並配置於前述黏彈性體內，該壓力支承構件可使用橡膠 球、橡膠滾子、含鐵心的橡膠球、或是含鐵心的橡膠滾子 。利用該橡膠球的彈性變形，對於緊固力可確保適當的接 觸面積’且能追隨黏彈性體的剪切變形而使該橡膠球產生 轉動。再者，橡膠球的彈性變形的程度，可依橡膠球所使 用之橡膠種類、硬度來適當地選擇，在要求小的壓縮應變 時，可使用含鐵心的橡膠球。 又在前述阻尼裝置，前述壓力支承構件可由滑動構件 200918782 (以比前述摩擦阻尼器進行摩擦滑動所產生的摩擦力更小 的摩擦力進行滑動）所構成’且將該滑動構件配置成，在 該滑動構件的滑動方向與前述黏彈性體隔著既定的距離來 支承藉由前述負荷構件賦予的壓力。藉此，即使施加較大 的緊固力’仍能抑制該緊固力所造成之黏彈性體材料在厚 度方向的變形’故能穩定地藉由摩擦阻尼器獲得更大的摩 擦力。 在前述阻尼裝置’前述負荷構件可使用：朝與前述黏 彈性體的剪切面及前述摩擦阻尼器的滑動面正交的方向延 伸的螺栓、以及和該螺栓螺合之螺帽。 再者，在前述阻尼裝置，可具備用來限制前述黏彈性 體的剪切方向的移動之移動限制部，以防止黏彈性體產生 過大的剪切變形而造成破損。 再者，在前述阻尼裝置，前述摩擦阻尼器，可構成在 供裝設該阻尼裝置的一對構造構件的軸方向進行摩擦滑動 ，藉此能對構造構件的軸方向的振動進行能量吸收，結果 可發揮制振或防震效果。 此外，在前述阻尼裝置，前述摩擦阻尼器，可構成在 供裝設該阻尼裝置的一對構造構件的剪切方向進行摩擦滑 動，藉此能對構造構件的剪切方向的振動進行能量吸收， 結果可發揮制振或防震效果。 再者，前述複數個摩擦阻尼器的一部分，可在供裝設 該阻尼裝置之第1構造構件的長邊方向進行摩擦滑動，又 前述複數個摩擦阻尼器的另一部分，可在供裝設該阻尼裝 -8 · 200918782 置之構造構件當中的第2構造構件（與前述第丨構造構件 正交）的長邊方向進行摩擦滑動，如此構成可在2軸方向 同時施加振動的阻尼器。 如以上所說明，依據本發明可提供，在將黏彈性阻尼 器和摩擦阻尼器積層並緊固在一起而構成的阻尼裝置，在 對黏彈性賦予較大的緊固力時可防止黏彈性阻尼器部在厚 度方向的變形’可將摩擦阻尼器所獲得的摩擦阻力的大小 的限制解除，且能防止隨著時間經過所造成的摩擦力降低 ’利用黏彈性阻尼器的作用可提昇小振幅時的居住性，利 用摩擦阻尼器的作用可提昇建築物的耐震性。 【實施方式】 接著參照圖式來說明本發明的實施形態。 第1圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的基本構造，該阻尼 裝置1 ’係由黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦阻尼器7所組合而成 ’黏彈性阻尼器2 ’係固定於可動板8和摩擦板固定用鋼 材（以下簡稱「固定用鋼材」）4，摩擦阻尼器7的摩擦 板5是固定於固定用鋼材4，而構成可在配合材6上進行 摩擦滑動。 黏彈性阻尼器2 ’係形成俯視矩形的板狀，其上面是 固疋於可動板8的下面’其下面是固定於固定用鋼材4的 上面’利用黏彈性體2a的剪切變形來產生衰減力。黏彈 性體2a的材料’可使用苯乙烯系、胺酯系、丙烯酸系、 異丁烯系、矽系、二烯系等的彈性體，特佳爲溫度依存性 -9- 200918782 小的苯乙烯系的彈性體。 固定用鋼材4 ’其形狀和黏彈性阻尼器2大致相同， 係用來將黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5形成一體化。又在黏 彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5是直接接合的情形，固定用鋼材 4變得不需要。 摩擦板5，其形狀和固定用鋼材4大致相同，由該摩 擦板5和配合材6來構成摩擦阻尼器7。摩擦板5的材料 ，只要是可獲得高摩擦係數的材料即可，可採用金屬、樹 脂、或金屬和樹脂的組合，也能採用除此以外的材料，例 如可使用銅合金材料、銅合金系的燒結材料、酚樹脂、聚 醯胺樹脂、四氟乙烯樹脂、或是石墨等的無機材料。 摩擦板5的配合材6 ’其下面是固定於滑動材9的上 面’藉由和摩擦板5組合來構成摩擦阻尼器7。配合材6 的材料，一般是使用不鏽鋼。 可動板8及滑動材9 ’係藉由負荷構件（未圖示）來 朝讓可動板8及滑動材9互相接近的方向賦予推壓力ρ。 在黏彈性阻尼器2配置複數個橡膠球3來作爲壓力支 承構件’以支承由上述負荷構件賦予黏彈性體2a的推壓 力F。該橡膠球3的直徑尺寸，是和黏彈性體的厚度大 致相同。橡膠球3的彈性變形的程度，可依照橡膠球3所 使用的橡膠的種類、硬度來適當地選擇。可採用胺酯橡膠 球 '氯丁二稀橡膠球、丁腈橡膠球、乙烯丙烯橡膠球、矽 橡膠球、氟橡膠球等。又在要求較小的壓縮應變的情形， 也能使用含鐵心的橡膠球。此外，也能取代橡膠球3而使 -10- 200918782 用橡膠滾子。 接著，針對使用上述基本構造之本發明的阻尼裝置的 第1實施形態，參照第2圖及第3圖來作說明。 如第2圖所示，該阻尼裝置11係具備：透過固定用 鋼材14來積層之黏彈性阻尼器12及摩擦阻尼器17、透過 固定用鋼材34來積層之黏彈性阻尼器22及摩擦阻尼器27 共2組的制振阻尼器構造（相當於上述基本構造）。 黏彈性阻尼器1 2，係具備和第1圖的黏彈性阻尼器2 同樣的構造，其固定於上部可動板1 8的下面和固定用鋼 材14的上面，摩擦阻尼器17的摩擦板15，係固定於固定 用鋼材1 4的下面，而構成可在配合材1 6上進行摩擦滑動 。固定用鋼材14、摩擦板1 5、配合材1 6分別具備和第1 圖的固定用鋼材4、摩擦板5、配合材6相同的構造。 黏彈性阻尼器2 2也是，具備和第1圖的黏彈性阻尼 器2同樣的構造，係固定於下部可動板2 8的上面和固定 用鋼材2 4的下面，摩擦阻尼器2 7的摩擦板2 5，係固定於 固定用鋼材24的上面，而構成可在配合材26的下面進行 摩擦滑動。固定用鋼材24、摩擦板25、配合材26分別具 備和第1圖的固定用鋼材4、摩擦板5、配合材6相同的 構造。 在滑動材19的上面兩面，固定著構成摩擦阻尼器17 、27的一部分之配合材16、26。 上述各構件，係如第3(a)圖所示般積層，且藉由插 通於第2圖所示的上部可動板1 8的複數個插通孔1 8 a及 -11 - 200918782 下部可動板28的複數個插通孔28a之複數個螺栓29及螺 帽30進行緊固，藉此從上下方向進行推壓。又在第3圖 ，是省略螺栓29及螺帽30的圖示，而僅將黏彈性阻尼器 1 2、2 2用截面來表現。移動限制部3 1〜3 4分別形成長方體 狀，係固定於上部可動板1 8的下面、或是下部可動板2 8 的上面，以限制固定用鋼材1 4、2 4在第3圖的水平方向 的移動，藉此來限制黏彈性阻尼器1 2、2 2的黏彈性體的 剪切方向的移動。 如第3 ( a )圖所示般組裝後的阻尼裝置1 1，是以支 撐狀安裝於建築構造物’或安裝於會產生相對移位的構件 間。在以下的說明中，設於滑動材1 9的端部之突緣部21 、和與上部可動板1 8及下部可動板1 9形成一體化的板狀 體2 0，係構成建築構造物的支撐部的一部分以發揮制振功 能，而以此情形爲例來作說明。 在通常狀態下’阻尼裝置1 1係組裝成第3 ( a )圖所 示的狀態。亦即’黏彈性阻尼器1 2和移動限制部3 1、3 2 ’係配置成在黏彈性阻尼器1 2的左右兩端部和移動限制 部31、3 2之間隔著既定的間隔。關於黏彈性阻尼器2 2和 移動限制部3 3、34也是同樣的’隔著既定的間隔配置著 〇 在第3 ( a )圖所示的狀態，在施加風負荷等而受到較 小振幅的振動的情形，例如第3 ( b )圖所示，外力ρ 1會 朝讓突緣部2 1、板狀部20互相接近的方向作用，滑動材 會和配合材16、摩擦板15、固定用鋼材24 —起朝圖 -12- 200918782 中的右方移動，黏彈性阻尼器1 2的黏彈性體1 2 a及黏彈 性阻尼器22的黏彈性體22a會產生剪切變形而讓振動衰 減。又這時’固定用鋼材14、24各個的右端部會抵接於 移動限制部32、34 ’而防止黏彈性體1 2a、22a產生過大 的剪切變形而造成破損。 此外，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振動時 ’如第3 ( c )圖所示’例如，外力f 2會朝讓突緣部21、 板狀部2 0互相接近的方向作用，由於固定用鋼材1 4、2 4 各個的右端部抵接於移動限制部3 2、3 4，固定用鋼材1 4 及摩擦板15以及固定用鋼材24及摩擦板25無法進一步 朝右方移動’滑動材19會相對摩擦板15、25進行移動。 亦即’僅滑動材19會進一步向右移動。這時，摩擦板15 會在配合材16上進行摩擦滑動，摩擦板25會在配合材26 上進行摩擦滑動’而能發揮制振功能。 又在上述的動作說明，雖是說明在朝讓突緣部2 1和 板狀部2 0互相接近的方向受到外力ρ〗、F 2的情形，但在 朝讓突緣部2 1、板狀部2 0互相離開的方向施加外力的情 形，迄固定用鋼材1 4、24各個的左端部抵接於移動限制 部3 1、3 3爲止’黏彈性阻尼器1 2、2 2會發揮作用，而當 固定用鋼材1 4 ' 24各個的左端部抵接於移動限制部3 1、 33後，僅滑動材19會進一步朝左移動，而藉由摩擦板15 、25和配合材1 6、26之間的摩擦滑動來發揮制振功能。 如以上所說明，依據阻尼裝置1 1，對於小振幅的外力 F 1黏彈性阻尼器1 2、22會發揮作用，對於大振幅的外力 -13- 200918782 F1摩擦阻尼器1 7、27會發揮作用，因此可對應於小振幅 至大振幅的寬廣範圍。又由於在黏彈性阻尼器1 2、22分 別配置橡膠球1 3、23，藉由橡膠球1 3、23能支承賦予黏 彈性體1 2a、22a的壓力，對積層在一起的黏彈性阻尼器 12、22及摩擦阻尼器17、27，即使透過螺栓29及螺帽30 來施加大的緊固力，仍能抑制該緊固力所產生的黏彈性體 12a、22a的變形，因此藉由摩擦阻尼器17、27可穩定地 獲得大的摩擦力。再者，由於具備移動限制部3 1〜3 4，故 能防止黏？早性體1 2 a、2 2 a產生過大的剪切變形而造成破 損。 又在上述實施形態，雖是說明具備2組第1圖所示的 阻尼裝置1之阻尼裝置1 1的詳細構造及動作，但也能將 阻尼裝置1以支撐狀安裝於建築構造物，或是安裝在會產 生相對移位的構件之間。這時，在可動板8和滑動材9之 間會發生制振效果。 此外’除了第1圖所示的阻尼裝置1以外，本發明的 阻尼裝置的基本構造也可以像第4圖所示，在可動板45 和滑動材46之間，從上方依序積層摩擦板42、配合材43 及黏彈性阻尼器44，並對可動板45和滑動材46賦予推壓 力F，如此構成的阻尼裝置4 1能在可動板4 5和滑動材4 6 之間發揮制振功能。在此，摩擦板42、配合材43、黏彈 性阻尼器44分別相當於第1圖的摩擦板5、配合材6、黏 彈性阻尼器2，摩擦板4 2和配合材4 3係構成摩擦阻尼器 47 ’在黏彈性阻尼器44配置橡膠球48來作爲壓力支承構 -14- 200918782 件。 再者，本發明的阻尼裝置的基本構造，也可以像第5 圖所示，在可動板56和滑動材57之間，從上方依序積層 第1黏彈性阻尼器52、摩擦板53、配合材54、第2黏彈 性阻尼器5 5，並對可動板5 6和滑動材5 7賦予推壓力F， 如此構成的阻尼裝置5 1能在可動板5 6和滑動材5 7之間 發揮制振功能。在此，第1黏彈性阻尼器5 2、摩擦板5 3 、配合材5 4、第2黏彈性阻尼器5 5分別相當於第1圖的 黏彈性阻尼2、摩擦板5、配合材6、黏彈性阻尼器2，摩 擦板5 3和配合材5 4係構成摩擦阻尼器5 8，在第1及第2 黏彈性阻尼器52、55配置橡膠球59、60來作爲壓力支承 構件。 此外，在第1圖所示的阻尼裝置1的黏彈性阻尼器2 ，黏彈性體2a和橡膠球3所構成的層是形成單層，但將 該黏彈性體2a和橡膠球3所構成的層沿上下方向隔著層 間板（未圖示）積層複數段亦可。關於這點，在第4圖及 第5圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器4 4、5 2、5 5也是同樣的。 再者，也能將上述第4圖及第5圖所示的阻尼裝置41 、51直接當作阻尼裝置來使用，或是像第2圖所示之具備 2組的阻尼裝置1的阻尼裝置1 1那樣，可具備2組的阻尼 裝置41、51來構成阻尼裝置。就阻尼器的形狀而言，除 了上述平板狀的支撐型以外，也能採用將各構件作成圓筒 狀的支撐型而配置於構造物以抑制風等造成的振動，或構 成制振壁等的壁型，或是構成S S R (彈性滑動支承）等的 -15- 200918782 水平移動型而配置於地基和構造物之間，以抑制地震時的 振動。 接著針對本發明的阻尼裝置的第2實施形態，參照第 6圖來作說明。 該阻尼裝置61，如第6(a)圖所示，係具備：固定 於上部可動板66和摩擦板64A雙方之黏彈性阻尼器62A 、6 2 B ;固定於下部可動板6 7和摩擦板6 4 B雙方之黏彈性 阻尼器62C、62D ;配置於上部可動板66和摩擦板64A之 間的作爲壓力支承構件的低摩擦材6 3 A〜6 3 C ;配置於下部 可動板6 7和摩擦板6 4 B之間的作爲壓力支承構件的低摩 擦材63D~63F。摩擦板64A和滑動材65、摩擦板64B和 滑動材65，分別是構成摩擦阻尼器69、70。 黏彈性阻尼器62 ( 62A-62D )，係形成俯視矩形的板 狀，黏彈性阻尼器62A、62B各個，上面是固定於上部可 動板66的下面，下面是固定於摩擦板64A的上面；黏彈 性阻尼器62C、62D各個，下面是固定於下部可動板67的 上面，上面是固定於摩擦板6 4 B的下面。該等的黏彈性阻 尼器62，並不像第1圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器2等那樣是具 備橡膠球3，而是僅由黏彈性體所構成，而利用剪切變形 來產生衰減力。黏彈性阻尼器6 2的材料，可採用和黏彈 性阻尼器2的黏彈性體2a同樣的材料。 低摩擦材6 3 ( 6 3 A〜6 3 F )’係形成俯視矩形的板狀， 低摩擦材63 A〜63C各個，上面是固定於上部可動板66的 下面，下面可在摩擦板64A的上面滑動。又低摩擦材 -16- 200918782 63D〜63F各個’下面是固定於下部可動板67的上面，上 面可在摩擦板64B的上面滑動。低摩擦材63和摩擦板 64A或摩擦板64B之間的摩擦係數，是設定成比摩擦板 6 4 A或摩擦板6 4 B和滑動材6 5之間的摩擦係數更小。 摩擦板64 ( 64A、64B )，是和滑動材65 —起構成摩 擦阻尼器69、70。摩擦板64的材料，只要是可獲得高摩 擦係數的材料即可’可使用和第1圖所示的摩擦板5同樣 的材料。 滑動材65，是和摩擦板64 —起構成摩擦阻尼器69、 70。和第2圖所示的阻尼裝置i同樣的，可在滑動材65 的上下兩面貼合不鏽鋼等構成的配合材，而在配合材上讓 摩擦板6 4進行摩擦滑動。 在黏彈性阻尼器6 2的兩端部的摩擦板6 4上，固定著 移動限制部68 ( 68A~68H )。該移動限制部68，像第2 圖及第3圖所示的移動限制部3 1〜3 4那樣，分別形成長方 體狀，以限制低摩擦材6 3的水平方向的移動，藉此來限 制黏彈性阻尼器6 2的剪切方向的移動，而防止黏彈性阻 尼器62的黏彈性體產生過大的剪切變形而造成破損，並 讓黏彈性阻尼器69、70發揮作用。 在上部可動板66及下部可動板67，係藉由負荷構件 (未圖示）而朝讓上部可動板6 6及下部可動板6 7互相接 近的方向賦予推壓力F。 接著針對具有上述構造的阻尼裝置6 1的動作，參照 第6 ( a )〜（c )圖來作說明。 -17- 200918782 的 間 較 會 部 、 會 時 摩 個 此 5 部 、 、 6 7 上 〇 揮 下 在通常狀態，阻尼裝置61是形成第6 ( a )圖所示 狀態，低摩擦材6 3和移動限制部6 8是配置成隔著既定 隔。 在第6 ( a )圖所示的狀態，當施加風負荷等而受到 小振幅的振動的情形，例如第6 ( b )圖所示，外力F1 作用於滑動材65和上部可動板66及下部可動板67 ’上 可動板66及下部可動板67分別會相對於摩擦板64A 64B朝圖中右方移動。隨著此移動，低摩擦材63各個 一邊在摩擦板64上進行摩擦滑動一邊朝右方移動，同 黏彈性阻尼器62會產生剪切變形而使振動衰減。又低 擦材63各個在摩擦板64上進行摩擦滑動的狀態下會進 步朝右方移動，而使低摩擦材63A、63B、63D、63E各 的右端部抵接於移動限制部6 8 A、6 8 C、6 8 E、6 8 G，藉 防止黏彈性體62產生過大的剪切變形而造成破損。 再者，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振動 例如第6 ( c )圖所示，外力F2會作用於滑動材65、上 可動板66及下部可動板67，由於低摩擦材63A、63B 6 3 D、6 3 E各個的右端部抵接於移動限制部6 8 A、6 8 C 68E、68G’低摩擦材63及上部可動板66、下部可動板 無法進一步朝右方移動，摩擦板64會和低摩擦材63及 部可動板6 6、下部可動板6 7 —起相對於滑動材6 3移動 這時’摩擦板64會在滑動材65上進行摩擦滑動，以發 制振功能。 又在上述動作說明中，雖是說明上部可動板6 6及 -18- 200918782 部可動板6 7相對於滑動材6 5朝右方移動的例子，但在上 部可動板6 6及下部可動板6 7相對於滑動材6 5朝左方移 動的情形’迄低摩擦材63B、63C、63E、63F各個的左端 部抵接於移動限制部6 8 B、6 8 D、6 8 F、6 8 Η爲止，黏彈性 阻尼器62會發揮作用，當低摩擦材63Β、63C、63Ε、63F 各個的左端部抵接於移動限制部68Β、68D、68F、68Η後 ’上部可動板66及下部可動板67會進一步朝左方移動， 而利用摩擦板64和滑動材65之間的摩擦滑動來發揮制振 功能。 如以上所說明，依據阻尼裝置6 1，對於小振幅的外力 F 1黏彈性阻尼器62會發揮作用，對於大振幅的外力F2 黏彈性阻尼器69、70會發揮作用，而能對應於小振幅至 大振幅的寬廣範圍。又由於具備在摩擦板64的滑動方向 和黏彈性阻尼器62隔著既定距離的低摩擦材63，藉由低 摩擦材63可支撐賦予黏彈性體62的壓力，即使對積層在 一起的黏彈性阻尼器62及摩擦阻尼器69、70施加較大的 緊固力，仍能抑制該緊固力所產生的黏彈性體62的變形 ，而藉由摩擦阻尼器69、70可穩定地獲得大的摩擦力。 再者，由於具備移動限制部6 8，可防止黏彈性體6 2產生 過大的剪切變形而造成破損。 又在上述的實施形態，雖是在滑動材65的上下兩方 分別配置黏彈性阻尼器62和摩擦阻尼器69或7〇，但也能 在滑動材6 5的上下任一方設置黏彈性阻尼器6 2和摩擦阻 尼器69或7〇’而在上部可動板66或下部可動板67的任 -19- 200918782 一方和滑動材65之間發揮制振效果。 此外，第6圖所示的阻尼裝置61，在黏彈性 62的水平變形的同時，低摩擦材63會在摩擦板64 滑動，當低摩擦材63抵接於移動限制部68後，會 板64和滑動材65之間進行滑動，但也能取代此動 如第7 ( a )圖所示，使低摩擦材6 3和滑動材6 5直 ’使摩擦板64的一面固定於黏彈性體62，使其另 滑動材6 5接觸。 這時’例如第7 ( b )圖所示，若外力F作用 材6 5和上部可動板6 6及下部可動板6 7，黏彈性售 產生水平變形且低摩擦材6 3會在滑動材6 5的表面 當低摩擦材63抵接於摩擦板64的側端面64a後， 材63和摩擦板64會一起在滑動材65上滑動。如 可藉由摩擦板6 4的側端面6 4 a來進行低摩擦材6 3 性體6 2的移動限制，因此不須像上述阻尼裝置6 1 外設置移動限制部6 8。 接著，針對本發明的阻尼裝置的第3實施形態 第8圖來作說明。 該阻尼裝置7 1，係在供裝設該阻尼裝置7 1的 造構件72、77的軸方向讓摩擦阻尼器進行摩擦滑 層型的阻尼裝置，係具備：透過固定構件74、螺] 螺帽7 6來裝設於構造構件7 2的6片的可動板7 3 ; 定構件7 9、螺栓8 0、螺帽8 1來裝設於構造構件 片的滑動材7 8 ;配置於相鄰的可動板7 3及滑動材 阻尼器 的表面 在摩擦 作，而 接接觸 一面和 於滑動 I 62會 滑動， 低摩擦 此般， 和黏彈 那樣另 ，參照 一對構 動的多 全 75、 透過固 77的4 7 8之間 -20- 200918782 的黏彈性阻尼器和摩擦板的積層體8 4 ;將積層在一起的 動板73、滑動材78及積層體84從積層方向實施挾持的 壓構件82、83 ;用來結合推壓構件82、83，對積層在 起的可動板73、滑動材78及積層體84從積層方向賦予 壓力F的螺栓8 5及螺帽8 6等。 構造構件72、77分別形成帶板狀，係安裝於建築 造物的支撐部等。如第8 ( a )圖所示，在構造構件72 左端部、構造構造77的右端部，穿設有用來連結於支 部等的複數個貫穿孔。 6片的可動板73分別形成帶板狀，在左端部具有複 個貫穿孔，是被塊狀的固定構件74挾持，並藉由螺栓 及螺帽7 6固定住。 4片的滑動材7 8也是，和可動板7 3同樣的分別形 帶板狀，在右端部具有複數個貫穿孔，是被塊狀的固定 件79挾持，並藉由螺栓8〇及螺帽8丨固定住。 積層體84也是分別形成帶板狀，該積層體84，例 是將第1圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5予以積層 構成。亦可在黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5之間配置固定 鋼材4。積層體84，是在相鄰的可動板73和滑動材78 構造構件77之間合計設置1 〇片。積層體84的黏彈性 尼器的剪切面固定於可動板73，積層體84的摩擦板抵 於滑動材78或構造構件77而構成摩擦阻尼器。 推壓構件82、83，係形成比可動板73等更寬的帶 狀’在兩側端部具有供螺栓8 5插通用的複數個貫穿孔 可 推 推 構 的 撐 數 75 成 構 如 而 用 或 阻 接 板 -21 - 200918782 在兩構件82、83之間，將上述可動板73、滑動材78及積 層體84實施積層後，是藉由螺栓85及螺帽86將兩構件 82、83結合，以在積層方向賦予推壓力F。 具有上述構造的阻尼裝置71，當在構造構件72、77 的長邊方向施加風負荷F 1等而受到較小振幅振動的情形 ，和第3 ( b )圖的情形的，各積層體84的黏彈性阻尼器 的黏彈性體會產生剪切變形，而使振動衰減。 此外，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振動， 和第3 ( c )圖的情形同樣的，積層體8 4的摩擦板和抵接 於該摩擦板的滑動材7 8或構造構件7 7會發生相對移動， 而利用摩擦滑動來發揮制振功能。 如以上所說明，依據該阻尼裝置7 1，當積層體8 4的 黏彈性阻尼器產生作用後，由積層體84和滑動材78或構 造構件77所構成的摩擦阻尼器會在構造構件72、77的軸 方向進行摩擦滑動，因此在將構造構件72、7 7安裝於建 築構造物的支撐部的情形，可在支撐部的長邊方向發揮制 振功能。又由於是積層複數個積層體84、可動板73及滑 動材7 8，能使黏彈性體的剪切面及摩擦阻尼器的滑動面變 大，而以小型的構造發揮更大的制振功能。 接著，針對本發明的阻尼裝置的第4實施形態，參照 第9圖來作說明。 該阻尼裝置1 〇 1，係讓供裝設該阻尼裝置1 0 1的一對 構造構件102、107在剪切方向、亦即第9 ( a)圖的左右 方向進行相對移位，而使摩擦阻尼器進行摩擦滑動之多層 -22- 200918782 型的阻尼裝置，係具備：透過固定構件104、螺栓105、 螺帽106來裝設於構造構件102的6片的可動板103 ;透 過固定構件109、螺栓1 10、螺帽1 1 1來裝設於構造構件 107的4片的滑動材108 ;配置於相鄰的可動板103及滑 動材1 08之間的黏彈性阻尼器和摩擦板的積層體1 1 4 ;將 積層在一起的可動板103、滑動材108及積層體1 14從積 層方向實施挾持的推壓構件1 1 2、1 1 3 ;用來結合推壓構件 112、113，對積層在一起的可動板103、滑動材108及積 層體114從積層方向賦予推壓力F的螺栓115及螺帽116 等。 構造構件1 〇2、1 07分別形成俯視矩形的板狀，係安 裝於建築構造物的樑等。如第9 ( a )圖所示，在構造構件 102的下端部、構造構造107的上端部，穿設有用來連結 於樑等的複數個貫穿孔。 6片的可動板1 03分別形成帶板狀，如第9 ( c )圖所 示，在下端部具有複數個貫穿孔，是被塊狀的固定構件 104挾持，並藉由螺栓105及螺帽106固定住。 4片的滑動材1 〇 8也是，和可動板1 0 3同樣的分別形 成帶板狀，如第9 ( c )圖所示，在上端部具有複數個貫穿 孔，是被塊狀的固定構件1 〇 9挾持，並藉由螺栓1 1 〇及螺 帽1 1 1固定住。 積層體1 1 4也是分別形成帶板狀，該積層體1 1 4 ’例 如是將第1圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5予以積胃 而構成。亦可在黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5之間配置固定 -23- 200918782 用鋼材4。積層體114，是在相鄰的可動板103和滑動材 1 〇 8或構造構件1 07之間合計設置1 0片。積層體1 1 4的黏 彈性阻尼器的剪切面固定於可動板103，積層體114的摩 擦板是和抵接於該摩擦板的滑動材108或構造構件107 — 起構成摩擦阻尼器。 推壓構件1 1 2、1 1 3 ’係形成比可動板1 〇3等更寬的帶 板狀’在兩側端部具有供螺栓1 1 5插通用的複數個貫穿孔 。在兩構件 1 1 2、1 1 3之間，將上述可動板1 〇 3、滑動材 1 0 8及積層體1 1 4實施積層後，是藉由鋪設於兩構件π 2 、1 1 3的外側表面的槽鋼1 1 7、1 1 8、螺栓1 1 5及螺帽1 1 6 將兩構件1 1 2、1 1 3結合，以在第9 ( b )圖的積層方向賦 予推壓力F。透過槽鋼117、118可對兩構件112、113施 加均一的推壓力。 具有上述構造的阻尼裝置101，當在與一對構造構件 102、107的對峙方向垂直的方向，剪切方向亦即第9 (a )圖的左右方向施加風負荷F 1等而受到較小振幅振動的 情形，和第3 ( b )圖的情形的，各積層體1 1 4的黏彈性阻 尼器的黏彈性體會產生剪切變形，而使振動衰減。 此外，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振動， 和第3 ( c )圖的情形同樣的，積層體1 1 4的摩擦板和抵接 於該摩擦板的滑動材108或構造構件107會在負荷F1的 方向，亦即與一對構造構件1〇2、107的對峙方向垂直的 方向’剪切方向也就是第9(a)圖的左右方向發生相對移 動，而利用摩擦滑動來發揮制振功能。 -24- 200918782 如以上所說明，依據該阻尼裝置1 0 1，當積層體1 1 4 的黏彈性阻尼器產生作用後，由積層體1 1 4和滑動材1 0 8 或構造構件1 07所構成的摩擦阻尼器，會在與一對構造構 件102、107的對峙方向垂直的方向，剪切方向亦即第9( a)圖的左右方向相對移動而進行摩擦滑動，因此在將構 造構件1 02、1 07安裝於建築構造物的下樑構件側、上樑 構件側的情形，可對樑的水平方向的相對移位發揮制振功 能。又由於是積層複數個積層體114、可動板103及滑動 材1 〇 8，能使黏彈性體的剪切面及摩擦阻尼器的滑動面變 大，而以小型的構造發揮更大的制振功能。 接著說明本發明的阻尼裝置的振動試驗。在該試驗， 係使用第9圖所示的阻尼裝置1 〇 1，施加既定的振動，將 這時可動板1 〇 3和滑動材1 〇 8的相對移位（mm )、該阻 尼裝置101的水平阻力（kN)的關係予以記錄。 首先第l〇(a)圖係顯示，以正弦波狀施加振幅±5mm 的振動作爲微小振幅時的經歷曲線。根據該圖可看出，在 阻尼裝置施加微小振幅的情形，由於在積層體1 1 4的摩擦 板和滑動材108之間不會發生摩擦滑動，故純粹是發揮積 層體1 1 4的黏彈性阻尼器的黏彈性體的特性。 接著’以正弦波狀施加振幅±2 Omm的振動作爲較大振 幅’可獲得第1 〇 ( b )圖所示的經歷曲線。亦即，這時， 迄積層體11 4的摩擦板和滑動材i 〇 8之間發生摩擦滑動爲 止（在圖中爲l_3kN左右爲止），積層體114的黏彈性阻 尼器的黏彈性會發揮作用，但在積層體1 1 4的摩擦板和滑 -25- 200918782 動材1 0 8之間產生摩擦滑動後’會呈現摩擦阻尼器的特性 〇 接著，第l〇(c)圖是顯示，隨機地施加最大移位（ 振幅）±3 Omm的振動時的經歷曲線。根據該圖可知，在施 加於阻尼裝置1 0 1的負荷較小（振幅較小）時呈現黏彈性 特性’在施加於阻尼裝置101的負荷較大（振幅較大）時 摩擦阻尼器特性的影響較大。 接著，針對本發明的阻尼裝置的第5實施形態，參照 第11圖及第12圖來作說明。爲了便於理解，在兩圖中將 黏彈性阻尼器的部分以塗黑的方式來表現。 該阻尼裝置1 2 1 ’是可在2軸方向同時施加振動而對 應於小振幅至大振幅的寬廣範圍的阻尼裝置，阻尼裝置 121係具備：積層於上部加壓板122和滑動材125之間的 黏彈性阻尼器1 23及摩擦板1 24、積層於滑動材1 25和中 央鋼1 28之間的摩擦板1 26及黏彈性阻尼器丨27、積層於 中央鋼板1 2 8和滑動材1 3 1之間的黏彈性阻尼器1 2 9及摩 擦板1 3 0、積層於滑動材1 3 1和下部加壓板1 3 4之間的摩 擦板1 3 2及黏彈性阻尼器1 3 3，亦即具備4組的阻尼器構 造。 黏彈性阻尼器1 2 3、1 2 7、1 2 9、1 3 3，分別形成帶板狀 ’係具備和第1圖的黏彈性阻尼器2同樣的構造，且分別 固定於上下方向的相鄰構件（例如，黏彈性阻尼器1 2 3是 固定於上部加壓板1 2 2和摩擦板1 2 4 )。 摩擦板124、126、130、132，分別具備和黏彈性阻尼 -26- 200918782 器123等大致相同的形狀，係由和第1圖的摩擦板5同樣 的材質所形成。該等摩擦板1 24等，係固定於相鄰的黏彈 性阻尼器123等，且和相鄰的滑動材125等可進行相對移 動。摩擦板124等，也能具備第1圖所示的固定用鋼材4 (用來將黏彈性阻尼器1 23等固定在摩擦板1 24等）。 滑動材1 2 5、滑動材1 3 1，分別是由不鏽鋼等的材料 形成帶板狀，在兩端部穿設貫穿孔（例如用來連結建築構 造物的上部構造和下部構造）。滑動材1 2 5是被摩擦材 1 24、1 26所挾持，該等構件是構成摩擦阻尼器；滑動材 1 3 1是被摩擦材1 3 0、1 3 2所挾持，該等構件是構件摩擦阻 尼器。 中央鋼板1 2 8是形成俯視大致正方形的板狀，四角是 被方柱狀的移動限制部1 3 5、1 3 6挾持固定住。中央鋼板 128，其上面是固定於黏彈性阻尼器127的下面，其下面 是固定於黏彈性阻尼器1 29的上面。 上部加壓板1 22係形成俯視大致正方形的板狀，其下 面是固定於黏彈性阻尼器123的上面。在上部加壓板122 下面的四隅角，豎設有4根呈方柱狀的移動限制部丨3 5。 下部加壓板134也是形成和上部加壓板122大致相同 的板狀，其上面是固定於黏彈性阻尼器1 3 3的下面。在下 部加壓板1 3 4上面的四隅角，豎設有4根呈方柱狀的移動 限制部1 3 6。 上述積層在一起的各構件，雖圖示省略，係藉由貫穿 上下方向之複數個螺栓及螺帽來將移動限制部135、136 -27- 200918782 予以結合’以從上下方向以一定的緊固量進行推壓。 該阻尼裝置121，係在建築構造物安裝於會產生 向的相對移位的構件間，以下說明其動作。 在通常狀態下，阻尼裝置1 2 1係組裝成第1 2 ( a 所示的狀態。亦即，移動限制部1 3 5或1 3 6、和各摩 1 2 4、1 2 6、1 3 0、1 3 2的側面’是配置成隔著既定間隔 在第12(a)圖所不的狀態，若施加風負荷等而 較小振幅的振動時，例如第 12 ( b )圖所示，對滑 1 2 5有朝右方的外力 F 1作用著，滑動材1 5會和摩 124、126及黏彈性阻尼器123、127 —起朝圖中的右 動，黏彈性阻尼器1 2 3、1 2 7各個的黏彈性體會產生 變形，而使振動衰減。又在這時，由於摩擦板1 24、 的側部抵接於右方的移動限制部1 3 5，故能防止黏彈 尼器123、127各個的黏彈性體產生過大的剪切變形 成破損。 此外，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振 如第1 2 ( c )圖所示，對滑動材1 2 5會有朝右方的外；J 作用著，由於摩擦板1 2 4、1 2 6的側部抵接於右方的 限制部135，而使摩擦板124、126無法進一步朝右方 ，滑動材125則會相對於摩擦板124、126進行移動 即，僅滑動材125進一步朝右方移動。這時，摩擦板 、1 2 6會相對於滑動材1 2 5進行摩擦滑動’而能發揮 功能。 又在上述的動作說明，雖是說明對於滑動材1 2 5 2方 )圖 擦板 〇 受到 動材 擦板 方移 剪切 126 性阻 而造 動， ^ F2 移動 移動 。亦 124 制振 有朝 -28- 200918782 右方的外方F 1、F2作用的情形，但當對於滑動材 左方施加外力F 1、F 2的情形，迄摩擦板1 2 4、1 2 6 抵接至左方的移動限制部1 3 5爲止，黏彈性阻尼器 1 2 7會發揮作用，當摩擦板1 2 4、1 2 6的側部抵接至 移動限制部1 3 5後，僅滑動材1 2 5進一步朝左方移 藉由摩擦板1 2 4、1 2 6和滑動材1 2 5之間的摩擦滑 揮制振功能。 此外，雖省略其詳細說明，但即使對第1 1圖 材1 3 1在其軸線方向，亦即對第1 2圖所示的滑動 在與紙面垂直的方向施加風負荷或是規模較大的地 振幅的振動的情形，阻尼裝置1 2 1也能進行和上述 動作，而在滑動材1 3 1的軸線方向發揮制振功能。 如以上所說明’依據阻尼裝置1 2 1，藉由一·個 置可在2軸方向同時施加振動而對應於小振幅至大 寬廣範圍。又藉由黏彈性阻尼器123、127、129、 具備的橡膠球，可支承對黏彈性體賦予的壓力，而 黏彈性體的變形，藉此可利用摩擦阻尼器穩定地獲 摩擦力。再者，由於具備移動限制部135、136，而 上述黏彈性體產生過大的剪切變形而造成破損。 其次’針對本發明的阻尼裝置的第6實施形態 第1 3圖至第1 5圖來作說明。 該阻尼裝置151，係藉由1個阻尼裝置可在2 同時施加振動之多層型的阻尼裝置，是將第1 1圖万 圖所7K的阻尼裝置121合計4組在上下方向進行積. 125朝 的側部 123、 左方的 動，而 動來發 的滑動 材 13 1 震等大 相同的 阻尼裝 振幅的 133所 能抑制 得大的 能防止 ，參照 軸方向 第12 F而構 -29- 200918782 成。在以下的說明中，是將該阻尼裝置1 5 1配置於地基 152和建築物本體153之間而當作防震用阻尼裝置的情形 。但在第1 3 ( a )圖中，係省略建築物本體1 5 3的記載。 該阻尼裝置1 5 1，係在上部加壓板1 5 5和下部加壓板 156之間具備：延伸於第13圖的左右方向之4片的滑動材 157、延伸於第13(a)圖的上下方向（第14圖的左右方 向）之4片的滑動材1 5 8。4片的滑動材1 5 7，係透過固定 構件1 5 9、螺栓1 6 0及螺帽1 6 1來固定於建築物本體1 5 3 。另一方面，4片的滑動材1 5 8，如第1 4圖所示，係透過 固定構件162、螺栓163及螺帽164來固定於地基152。 在相鄰的滑動材1 5 7、1 5 8之間配置中央鋼板1 6 5，又 在相鄰的滑動材1 5 7和中央鋼板1 6 5之間、以及在相鄰的 滑動材1 5 8和中央鋼板1 6 5之間，配置由黏彈性阻尼器和 摩擦板所積層而成的積層體1 6 6。藉此，在上部加壓板 1 5 5和下部加壓板1 5 6之間，合計配置7片的中央鋼板 165和16片的積層體166。 黏彈性阻尼器和摩擦板的積層體1 6 6，係具有和第3 及第4實施形態之黏彈性阻尼器和摩擦板的積層體8 4、 1 14 (參照第8圖及第9圖）同樣的構造，例如是將第1 圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5予以積層而構成。亦 可在黏彈性阻尼器2和摩擦板5之間配置固定用鋼材4。 各積層體1 6 6的黏彈性阻尼器的剪切面，係固定於鄰接的 上部加壓板1 5 5、中央鋼材1 6 5或下部加壓板1 5 6，積層 體155的摩擦板是抵接於滑動材157或158而構成摩擦阻 -30- 200918782 尼器。 滑動板1 5 7、1 5 8分別是由不鏽鋼等的材料形 狀，各個的兩端部是固定於固定構件1 5 9或1 62。 157、158各個，是被上述積層體166的摩擦板挾持 該等構件來構成摩擦阻尼器。 中央鋼板1 6 5是形成俯視大致正方形的板狀， 角被分割成複數個的方柱狀的移動限制部1 67所挾 住。中央鋼板165的上面及下面是固定於鄰接的 1 66的黏彈性阻尼器的剪切面。 上部加壓板1 5 5，係形成俯視大致正方形的板 下面固定於積層體1 66的黏彈性阻尼器的剪切面。 加壓板1 5 5的下面的四隅角，豎設4根方柱狀的移 部 167。 下部加壓板1 5 6也是形成和上部加壓板1 5 5大 的板狀，其上面是固定於積層體1 66的黏彈性阻尼 切面。在下部加壓板156上面的四隅角，豎設有4 柱狀的移動限制部167。 將上述各構件積層後，藉由貫穿上部加壓板1 ί 部加壓板1 5 6的複數組的螺栓1 6 8及螺帽1 6 9來緊 ，而以一定的緊固量從上下方向進行推壓。移動 1 67，藉由限制積層體1 66的水平方向的移動，以 層體1 66的黏彈性阻尼器等所具備的黏彈性體的剪 的移動。 如上述般組裝成的阻尼裝置1 5 1，其固定構件 成帶板 滑動材 ，而用 其四隅 持固定 積層體 狀，其 在上部 動限制 致相同 器的剪 根呈方 i5和下 固結合 限制部 限制積 切方向 159是 -31 - 200918782 透過螺栓160及螺帽161來固定於建築物本體153，固定 構件162是透過螺栓163及螺帽164來固定於地基152, 藉此發揮防震用阻尼裝置的功能。 其次，針對該阻尼裝置1 5 1的動作，參照第i 3圖至 第1 5圖來作說明。 在通常狀態下，如第15圖所示’阻尼裝置151是配 置成讓積層體1 66和移動限制部1 67隔著既定的間隔。 在上述狀態下，若施加風負荷等而受到較小振幅的振 動時，例如第1 3 ( a )圖及第1 5圖所示，對於滑動材1 5 7 有朝右方的外方F1作用著，和第1 2 ( b )圖的情形同樣 的，滑動材157會和鄰接於滑動材167的積層體166的黏 彈性阻尼器一起朝圖中的右方移動，而使黏彈性阻尼器各 個的黏彈性體產生剪切變形，以使振動衰減。又在這時， 積層體1 6 6是抵接於右側的移動限制部1 6 7，而防止黏彈 性阻尼器各個的黏彈性體產生過大的剪切變形而造成破損 〇 此外，若受到規模較大的地震等的較大振幅的振動， 對滑動材157會有更大的外力F2作用著，和第12(c)圖 的情形同樣的，由於積層體1 66抵接於右側的移動限制部 167，積層體166無法進一步朝右方移動，因此滑動材157 會相對於與滑動材157鄰接的積層體166的摩擦板進行移 動。這時，積層體1 6 6的摩擦板會對滑動材1 5 7進行摩擦 滑動，而能發揮制振功能。 又在上述動作說明中，雖是說明對於滑動材1 5 7有朝 -32- 200918782 右方的外力FI ( F2 )作用的情形’但在對於滑動材1 57 施加朝左方的外力F 1 ( F2 )的情形’迄積層體1 66抵接 至左側的移動限制部1 6 7爲止，黏彈性阻尼器產生作用， 而當積層體1 6 6抵接至左側的移動限制部1 6 7後’僅滑動 材157進一步朝左方移動，而藉由積層體166的摩擦板和 滑動材1 57之間的摩擦滑動來發揮制振功能。 再者，雖省略其詳細說明，但即使對第1 3 ( a )圖的 滑動材1 5 8在其軸線方向施加風負荷或規模較大的地震等 較大振幅的振動的情形，阻尼裝置1 5 1仍會進行和上述同 樣的動作，而在滑動材1 5 8的軸線方向發揮制振功能。 如以上所說明，依據阻尼裝置1 5 1，藉由一個阻尼裝 置可在2軸方向同時施加振動而對應於小振幅至大振幅的 寬廣範圍。又由於在積層體1 6 6的黏彈性阻尼器，配置和 第1圖所示的黏彈性阻尼器2的橡膠球3同樣的橡膠球， 藉由橡膠球可支承對各黏彈性阻尼器的黏彈性體賦予的壓 力，而能抑制黏彈性體的變形，藉此可利用摩擦阻尼器穩 定地獲得大的摩擦力。再者，由於具備移動限制部1 6 7， 能防止上述黏彈性體產生過大的剪切變形而造成破損。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的基本構造之槪略截 面圖。 第2圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第1實施形態的分 解立體圖。 -33- 200918782 第3 ( a ) ( b ) ( c )圖係第2圖的阻尼裝置的局部剖 開組裝圖及動作說明圖。 第4圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的基本構造的其他例 之槪略截面圖。 第5圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的基本構造的其他例 之槪略截面圖。 第6(a) ( b ) (c)圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第 2實施形態的槪略截面圖。 第7圖（a ) ( b )係顯示第6圖的阻尼裝置的變形例 的槪略截面圖。 第8圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第3實施形態，（ a )爲俯視圖’ （b )爲（a)之a - A線截面圖，（c )爲（ a )之B - B線截面圖。 第9圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第4實施形態，（ a )爲俯視圖’ （b )爲（a )之c - C線截面圖，（c )爲（ a )之D - D線截面圖。 第10(a) ( b ) (c)圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的 試驗例。 第1 1圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第5實施形態， (a )爲前視圖，（b )爲（a )之E - E線截面圖。 第1 2 ( a) ( b ) ( c )圖係第1 1圖的阻尼裝置的組裝 圖及動作說明圖。 第1 3圖係顯示本發明的阻尼裝置的第6實施形態， (a )爲俯視圖（省略建築物本體的記載），（b )爲前視 -34- 200918782 圖，（C)爲（a)之F-F線截面圖。 第14圖係顯示第13圖的阻尼裝置，（a)爲第13圖 的側視圖，（b )爲第1 3 ( a )圖的G-G線截面圖。 第15圖係第13(b)圖的H-H線截面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 6 :主要元件符號說明 1 :阻尼裝置 2 :黏彈性阻尼器 2a :黏彈性體 3 :橡膠球 4 :固定用鋼材 5 :摩擦板 6 :配合材 7 :摩擦阻尼器 8 :可動板 9 :滑動材 1 1 :阻尼裝置 1 2 :黏彈性阻尼器 1 3 :橡膠球 1 4 :固定用鋼材 1 5 :摩擦板 1 6 :配合材 1 7 :摩擦阻尼器 -35- 200918782 1 8 :上部可動板 1 8 a :插通孔 1 9 :滑動材 20 :板狀部 2 1 :突緣部 22 :黏彈性阻尼器 2 3 :橡膠球 2 4 :固定用鋼材 2 5 :摩擦板 26 :配合材 2 7 :摩擦阻尼器 2 8 :下部可動板 2 8 a :插通孔 2 9 :螺栓 3 0 :螺帽 3 1〜3 4 :移動限制部 4 1 :阻尼裝置 4 2 :摩擦板 4 3 :配合材 44 :黏彈性阻尼器 4 5 :可動板 4 6 ’滑動材 47 :摩擦阻尼器 4 8 :橡膠球 -36- 200918782 5 1 :阻尼裝置 52 :第1黏彈性阻尼器 5 3 :摩擦板 54 :配合材 5 5 :第2黏彈性阻尼器 5 6 :可動板 5 7 :滑動材 5 8 :摩擦阻尼器 5 9 :橡膠球 60 :橡膠球 6 1 :阻尼裝置 62 ( 62A〜62D ):黏彈性阻尼器 63 ( 63 A〜63F ) ••低摩擦材 64 ( 64 A > 64B ):摩擦板 65 :滑動材 6 6 :上部可動板 6 7 :下部可動板 68 ( 68 A〜6 8H ):移動限制部 69 :摩擦阻尼器 7 0 :摩擦阻尼器 7 1 :阻尼裝置 72 :構造構件 73 :可動板 74 :固定構件 -37- 200918782 7 5 :螺栓 76 :螺帽 77 :構造構件 7 8 :滑動材 7 9 :固定構件 80 :螺栓 8 1 :螺帽 8 2 :推壓構件 8 3 :推壓構件 84 :積層體 8 5 :螺栓 8 6 :螺帽 1 〇 1 :阻尼裝置 102 :構造構件 1 〇 3 :可動板 104 :固定構件 1 0 5 :螺栓 1 0 6 :螺帽 107 :構造構件 1 〇 8 :滑動材 1 〇 9 :固定構件 1 1 0 :螺栓 1 1 1 :螺帽 1 1 2 :推壓構件 -38 200918782 1 1 3 :推壓構件 1 1 4 :積層體 1 1 5 :螺栓 1 1 6 :螺帽 1 1 7 :槽鋼 1 1 8 :槽鋼 1 2 1 :阻尼裝置 1 2 2 :上部加壓板 123 :黏彈性阻尼器 1 2 4 :摩擦板 125 :滑動材 1 2 6 :摩擦板 127 :黏彈性阻尼器 1 2 8 :中央鋼板 129 :黏彈性阻尼器 1 3 0 :摩擦板 1 3 1 :滑動材 1 3 2 :摩擦板 1 3 3 :黏彈性阻尼器 1 3 4 :下部加壓板 1 3 5 :移動限制部 1 3 6 :移動限制部 1 5 1 :阻尼裝置 1 5 2 :地基 -39 200918782 1 5 3 :建築物本體 1 5 5 :上部加壓板 1 5 6 :下部加壓板 1 5 7 :滑動材 1 5 8 :滑動材 1 5 9 :固定構件 1 6 0 :螺栓 1 6 1 :螺帽 1 6 2 :固定構件 1 6 3 :螺栓 1 6 4 :螺帽 1 6 5 :中央鋼板 1 6 6 :積層體 1 6 7 :移動限制部 1 6 8 :螺栓 1 6 9 :螺帽200918782 IX. [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a damper device for attenuating vibration energy imparted to a structure by earthquake, wind, or the like. In particular, it relates to a damping device which is composed of a viscoelastic material and a friction material. [Prior Art] In the past, In order to reduce the vibration of structures caused by earthquakes and winds, the proposed structure includes: Damping wall and viscous shear damper using viscous resistance of the viscous body, a viscoelastic damper using a high-attenuation rubber material, Various energy absorbing devices such as friction dampers that utilize sliding friction of members; These energy absorbing devices, Installed on the building structure in a support form, Or installed between components that produce relative displacement. Viscous shear damper, For a small amplitude or even a medium amplitude external force, better attenuation characteristics can be obtained. However, since it is necessary to have a container accommodating a viscous body, there is a problem that the mounting portion is restricted. In the case of an external force corresponding to a large amplitude, The area where the viscous resistance is generated must be increased. And a multi-section resistance plate must be formed. Or increase the resistance plate itself, There is a problem that the device becomes large. Viscoelastic damper, Same as the viscous damper, For a small amplitude or even a medium amplitude external force, better attenuation characteristics can be obtained. Further, when mounted on a structure, it is not limited as in the above-described viscous shear type damper. However, the damper is also When it is expected to produce large resistance, This can cause problems with the device becoming larger. -4- 200918782 friction damper, By selecting the appropriate friction material, For a large amplitude external force, better attenuation characteristics can be obtained. however, For small amplitude external forces, Fixed by the triggering action of static friction, It is not possible to obtain better attenuation characteristics. There is a problem of poor living. then, A damping device that combines the characteristics of the aforementioned various dampers to correspond to an external force of a small amplitude or even a large amplitude, For example, it is proposed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, A vibration damping device is constructed by arranging a viscoelastic damper and a friction damper in series between two members that are relatively deformable. however, The damping damper device is also arranged in tandem by the direction in which the two dampers are continuously deformed in a relative direction. Therefore, there is a problem that the entire apparatus becomes large. Furthermore, In order to solve the problem of the damper device described in the above two patent documents, the patent document 3 proposes Instead of configuring the friction damper and the viscoelastic damper in series, Instead, the two dampers are layered, And use the two dampers with bolts running through the lamination direction, Nuts to tighten the damping device. The damping device acts as a viscoelastic damper for external forces of small amplitude. The external force on the large amplitude will act as a friction damper. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the entire device in accordance with a wide range of small amplitudes and even large amplitudes. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. Hei. No. 2005-171528. However, the damper device described in the above Patent Document 3, If a large fastening force is applied to the viscoelastic body, the viscoelastic body will be deformed in the thickness direction -5 - 200918782 , Therefore, it is impossible to give a large fastening force. The magnitude of the frictional resistance thus obtained by the tight damper is limited by the creep of the restraining body. The force may decrease as the tightening force passes over time. then, The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a damper device. a damper that secures the viscoelastic damper layers together. Even if the viscoelastic fastening force is not easy to apply a high pressure to the friction surface of the friction damper in the thickness direction of the viscoelastic body, The limitation of the magnitude of the frictional resistance obtained by the device is released, After the friction caused by the reduction, Using viscoelasticity to retard the residence of small amplitudes, The shock resistance of a material using a friction damper. In order to achieve the above objectives, Damping device of the invention: The system has: Using the shear deformation of the viscoelastic body to produce a damper, a friction damper laminated to the viscoelastic damper and utilizing frictional damping force, a load member that is orthogonal to the sliding surface of the friction damper and that faces the sliding surface of the friction damper, A pressure supporting member for supporting the pressure imparted by the aforementioned load member. According to the invention, Due to the support member imparted to the viscoelastic body, Even if a large fastening force is applied to the laminated viscoelastic dampers, Still able to suppress the friction that is tight together, Also caused by viscoelastic bombs, The friction that is obtained, Its purpose and the friction damper body impart greater deformation, This can be used to reduce the friction and prevent the construction of the building from being improved over time. The utility model is characterized in that the viscoelastic friction sliding of the generating damping force produces the shearing surface of the body and the shearing direction of the viscoelastic body, and the pressure of the viscoelastic body is caused by the pressure supporting damper and the frictional solid force. Viscous-6 - 200918782 Deformation of elastomer, The frictional damper can stably obtain large friction. Further, the damper device of the present invention, It is characterized by: a viscoelastic damper that utilizes shear deformation of a viscoelastic body to generate a damping force, a plurality of alternating layers of friction dampers that utilize frictional sliding to generate frictional damping forces; And by the load member, Toward the shear plane of the viscoelastic body of each viscoelastic damper and the sliding surface of each of the friction dampers, and to face each of the shear planes of the adjacent viscoelastic bodies and the sliding surfaces of the friction dampers Give pressure in the direction of proximity; And configuring the pressure support member, The pressure applied to the respective viscoelastic bodies by the load member is supported. According to the present invention, the same as the above invention, Even if a large fastening force is applied to the laminated viscoelastic dampers and friction dampers, The deformation of the viscoelastic body caused by the fastening force can still be suppressed, And because of the complex array of viscoelastic dampers and friction dampers, Therefore, it is possible to stably obtain a larger friction force. In the aforementioned damping device, The pressure supporting member may be formed of an elastic material and disposed in the viscoelastic body. The pressure supporting member can use a rubber ball, Rubber roller, Rubber ball with iron core, Or a rubber roller with a core. Using the elastic deformation of the rubber ball, The tightening force ensures an appropriate contact area' and can follow the shear deformation of the viscoelastic body to cause the rubber ball to rotate. Furthermore, The degree of elastic deformation of the rubber ball, The type of rubber that can be used according to the rubber ball, Hardness to choose properly, When a small compressive strain is required, A rubber ball with a core can be used. Also in the aforementioned damping device, The pressure supporting member may be constituted by the sliding member 200918782 (sliding with a frictional force smaller than a frictional force generated by frictional sliding of the friction damper described above) and the sliding member is configured such that The pressure applied by the load member is supported by a predetermined distance between the sliding direction of the sliding member and the viscoelastic body. With this, Even if a large fastening force is applied, the deformation of the viscoelastic material in the thickness direction caused by the fastening force can be suppressed, so that a larger frictional force can be stably obtained by the friction damper. In the foregoing damping device, the aforementioned load member can be used: a bolt extending in a direction orthogonal to the shear surface of the viscoelastic body and the sliding surface of the friction damper, And a nut that is screwed to the bolt. Furthermore, In the aforementioned damping device, There may be a movement restricting portion for restricting movement of the shearing direction of the viscoelastic body, To prevent damage caused by excessive shear deformation of the viscoelastic body. Furthermore, In the aforementioned damping device, The aforementioned friction damper, It is possible to form a frictional sliding in the axial direction of a pair of structural members to which the damper device is mounted, Thereby, energy absorption in the axial direction of the structural member can be performed, As a result, vibration or shockproof effects can be exerted. In addition, In the aforementioned damping device, The aforementioned friction damper, It is possible to constitute a frictional sliding in a shearing direction of a pair of structural members to which the damper device is attached, Thereby, energy absorption in the shearing direction of the structural member can be performed, As a result, vibration or shockproof effects can be exerted. Furthermore, a part of the plurality of friction dampers, Friction sliding can be performed in the longitudinal direction of the first structural member to which the damper device is attached. And another part of the plurality of friction dampers described above, Friction sliding of the second structural member (orthogonal to the second structural member) of the structural member provided with the damping device -8 · 200918782 This constitutes a damper that can simultaneously apply vibration in the two-axis direction. As explained above, Provided in accordance with the present invention, a damper device constructed by laminating and fastening a viscoelastic damper and a friction damper, When a large fastening force is applied to the viscoelasticity, the deformation of the viscoelastic damper portion in the thickness direction can be prevented, and the limitation of the frictional resistance obtained by the friction damper can be removed. And it can prevent the friction caused by the passage of time to decrease. 'Using the effect of the viscoelastic damper can improve the dwelling at small amplitudes. The use of friction dampers can improve the shock resistance of buildings. [Embodiment] Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Figure 1 is a view showing the basic configuration of a damper device of the present invention, The damper device 1' is a combination of a viscoelastic damper 2 and a friction damper 7 and the 'viscoelastic damper 2' is fixed to the movable plate 8 and the friction plate fixing steel (hereinafter referred to as "fixed steel") 4 , The friction plate 5 of the friction damper 7 is fixed to the fixing steel material 4, The composition can be frictionally slid on the mating material 6. The viscoelastic damper 2' is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view. The upper surface thereof is fixed to the lower surface of the movable plate 8 and the lower surface thereof is fixed to the upper surface of the fixing steel material 4. The damping force is generated by the shear deformation of the viscoelastic body 2a. The material of the viscoelastic body 2a can be made of styrene, Amine ester system, Acrylic, Isobutylene, 矽, An elastomer such as a diene system, Particularly good for temperature dependence -9- 200918782 Small styrene elastomer. The fixing steel 4' has substantially the same shape as the viscoelastic damper 2, It is used to integrate the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5. Further, in the case where the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5 are directly joined, Fixing steel 4 becomes unnecessary. Friction plate 5, The shape is substantially the same as the fixing steel 4, The friction damper 7 is constituted by the friction plate 5 and the mating material 6. The material of the friction plate 5, As long as it is a material that can obtain a high coefficient of friction, Metal, Tree fat, Or a combination of metal and resin, Other materials can also be used. For example, copper alloy materials can be used, Copper alloy sintered material, Phenolic resin, Polyamide resin, Tetrafluoroethylene resin, Or inorganic materials such as graphite. The fitting material 6' of the friction plate 5 is fixed to the upper surface of the sliding member 9 by a combination with the friction plate 5 to constitute a friction damper 7. The material of the material 6, Generally stainless steel is used. The movable plate 8 and the sliding member 9' are biased by a load member (not shown) in a direction in which the movable plate 8 and the sliding member 9 approach each other. A plurality of rubber balls 3 are disposed as the pressure bearing member ' in the viscoelastic damper 2 to support the pressing force F applied to the viscoelastic body 2a by the above-described load member. The diameter of the rubber ball 3, It is about the same as the thickness of the viscoelastic body. The degree of elastic deformation of the rubber ball 3, According to the type of rubber used in the rubber ball 3, The hardness is appropriately selected. Amine ester rubber ball 'chloroprene rubber ball, Nitrile rubber ball, Ethylene propylene rubber ball, 橡胶 rubber ball, Fluoro rubber balls, etc. In the case of requiring less compressive strain, A rubber ball with a core can also be used. In addition, It is also possible to replace the rubber ball 3 with a rubber roller for -10-200918782. then, With regard to the first embodiment of the damper device of the present invention using the above basic structure, The description will be made with reference to Figs. 2 and 3. As shown in Figure 2, The damper device 11 is provided with: a viscoelastic damper 12 and a friction damper 17 which are laminated by fixing steel 14 The viscoelastic damper 22 and the friction damper 27 which are laminated by the fixing steel material 34 have two vibration damping damper structures (corresponding to the above-described basic structure). Viscoelastic damper 1 2, The same structure as the viscoelastic damper 2 of Fig. 1 is provided. It is fixed to the lower surface of the upper movable plate 18 and the upper surface of the fixing steel material 14, Friction plate 15 of friction damper 17, It is fixed under the fixing steel 1 4 , The composition can be frictionally slid on the mating material 16. Fixing steel 14, Friction plate 1 5, The material of the composite material 16 is provided with the fixing steel material 4 of the first drawing, Friction plate 5, The material 6 has the same structure. The viscoelastic damper 2 2 is also It has the same structure as the viscoelastic damper 2 of Fig. 1, It is fixed to the upper surface of the lower movable plate 28 and the lower surface of the fixing steel 2 4 , Friction plate 2 5 of friction damper 2 7 , Fastened to the top of the fixing steel 24, The composition can be frictionally slid under the mating material 26. Fixing steel 24 Friction plate 25, The material 26 is provided with the fixing steel material 4 of Fig. 1, respectively. Friction plate 5, The material 6 has the same structure. On the upper two sides of the sliding material 19, Fixedly constituting the friction damper 17 Part of the material of 27, 16, 26. Each of the above components, Laminated as shown in Figure 3(a), And a plurality of bolts 29 and nuts of the plurality of insertion holes 28a of the lower movable plate 28 inserted through the plurality of insertion holes 18a and -11 - 200918782 of the upper movable plate 18 shown in FIG. 30 for fastening, Thereby, the pressing is performed from the up and down direction. Also in Figure 3, It is an illustration of omitting the bolt 29 and the nut 30. Only the viscoelastic damper will be used. 2 2 is represented by a section. The movement restricting portions 3 1 to 3 4 are each formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape. It is fixed under the upper movable plate 18, Or the top of the lower movable plate 28, To limit the fixing steel 1 4 2 4 in the horizontal direction of Figure 3, Thereby limiting the viscoelastic damper 12 The movement of the shearing direction of the 2 2 viscoelastic body. As shown in Figure 3 (a), the damper 1 1 is assembled. It is attached to the building structure in a support shape or mounted between members that cause relative displacement. In the following description, a flange portion 21 provided at an end of the sliding material 19, And a plate body 20 which is integrated with the upper movable plate 18 and the lower movable plate 19, A part of the support portion constituting the building structure to perform the vibration suppression function, This case is taken as an example for illustration. In the normal state, the damper device 1 1 is assembled in the state shown in the third (a) diagram. That is, the 'viscoelastic damper 12 and the movement restricting portion 31, 3 2 ' is disposed at the left and right end portions of the viscoelastic damper 12 and the movement restricting portion 31, 3 2 is separated by a predetermined interval. Regarding the viscoelastic damper 2 2 and the movement restricting portion 3 3, 34 is also the same 'arranged at a predetermined interval 〇 in the state shown in the third (a), In the case of applying a wind load or the like and being subjected to vibration of a small amplitude, For example, as shown in figure 3 (b), The external force ρ 1 will make the flange portion 2 1 The plate portions 20 act in a direction close to each other, Sliding material and mating material 16, Friction plate 15, The fixing steel 24 moves to the right in Figure -12- 200918782, The viscoelastic body 1 2 a of the viscoelastic damper 12 and the viscoelastic body 22a of the viscoelastic damper 22 cause shear deformation to attenuate the vibration. At this time, 'fixed steel, 14, 24 respective right end portions abut against the movement restricting portion 32, 34 ' while preventing viscoelastic body 1 2a, 22a produces excessive shear deformation and causes damage. In addition, If it is subjected to vibration of a large amplitude such as a large-scale earthquake, as shown in Fig. 3(c), for example, The external force f 2 will face the flange portion 21, The plate-like portions 20 are in a direction in which they approach each other, Due to the fixing steel 1 4 2 4 The right end portion of each is abutted against the movement restricting portion 3 2 3 4, The fixing steel material 14 and the friction plate 15, the fixing steel material 24, and the friction plate 25 cannot be moved further to the right. The sliding material 19 is opposed to the friction plate 15, 25 to move. That is, only the sliding material 19 will move further to the right. At this time, The friction plate 15 will frictionally slide on the mating material 16, The friction plate 25 is frictionally slid on the metal material 26 to exhibit a vibration-damping function. In the above description of the action, Although it is explained that the external force ρ is received in a direction in which the flange portion 2 1 and the plate portion 20 are close to each other, In the case of F 2, But in the direction of the flange 2 1 An external force is applied in a direction in which the plate portions 20 are apart from each other, Until now fixed steel 1 4, 24 respective left end portions abut against the movement restricting portion 31, 3 3's viscoelastic damper 1 2 2 2 will work, And the left end portion of each of the fixing steel materials 1 4 ' 24 abuts against the movement restricting portion 31, After 33, Only the sliding material 19 will move further to the left. And by the friction plate 15, 25 and the mating material 1 6, The friction between the 26 slides to play the vibration-damping function. As explained above, According to the damping device 1 1, For small amplitude external forces F 1 viscoelastic damper 1 2 22 will work, For large amplitude external forces -13- 200918782 F1 friction damper 1 7, 27 will work, Therefore, it can correspond to a wide range from small amplitude to large amplitude. Also due to the viscoelastic damper 2 22 points, do not configure the rubber ball 1 3, twenty three, By rubber ball 13 23 can support the adhesion of the elastomer 1 2a, 22a pressure, a viscoelastic damper that is laminated together. 22 and friction damper 17, 27, Even if a large fastening force is applied through the bolt 29 and the nut 30, The viscoelastic body 12a produced by the fastening force can still be suppressed, Deformation of 22a, Therefore, by the friction damper 17, 27 can stably obtain large friction. Furthermore, Since the movement restricting portions 3 1 to 3 4 are provided, Therefore, it can prevent stickiness? Early body 1 2 a, 2 2 a Produces excessive shear deformation and causes damage. In the above embodiment, The detailed structure and operation of the damper device 1 1 including the two damper devices 1 shown in Fig. 1 will be described. However, it is also possible to mount the damper device 1 in a support structure on the building structure. Or installed between components that will produce relative displacement. At this time, A vibration-damping effect occurs between the movable plate 8 and the sliding member 9. Further, in addition to the damper device 1 shown in Fig. 1, The basic structure of the damper device of the present invention can also be as shown in Fig. 4, Between the movable plate 45 and the sliding member 46, Laminating the friction plate 42 in order from above The material 43 and the viscoelastic damper 44, The pressing force F is applied to the movable plate 45 and the sliding member 46, The damper device 4 1 configured as described above can exert a vibration-damping function between the movable plate 45 and the sliding member 46. here, Friction plate 42, Mating material 43, The viscoelastic dampers 44 correspond to the friction plates 5 of FIG. 1, respectively. Mating material 6, Viscoelastic damper 2, The friction plate 42 and the mating material 43 constitute a friction damper 47'. The rubber ball 48 is disposed in the viscoelastic damper 44 as a pressure support member-14-200918782. Furthermore, The basic structure of the damper device of the present invention, It can also be as shown in Figure 5, Between the movable plate 56 and the sliding material 57, The first viscoelastic damper 52 is sequentially stacked from above. Friction plate 53, Matching material 54, The second viscoelastic damper 5 5, And the pressing force F is applied to the movable plate 56 and the sliding member 57. The damper device 51 configured in this manner can exert a vibration-damping function between the movable plate 56 and the sliding member 57. here, The first viscoelastic damper 5 2 Friction plate 5 3 , Mating material 5 4, The second viscoelastic damper 5 5 is equivalent to the viscoelastic damping 2 of Fig. 1, respectively. Friction plate 5, Mating material 6, Viscoelastic damper 2, The friction plate 5 3 and the mating material 5 4 constitute a friction damper 5 8 In the first and second viscoelastic dampers 52, 55 configuration rubber ball 59, 60 is used as a pressure support member. In addition, The viscoelastic damper 2 of the damper device 1 shown in Fig. 1 The layer composed of the viscoelastic body 2a and the rubber ball 3 is formed into a single layer. However, the layer composed of the viscoelastic body 2a and the rubber ball 3 may be laminated in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction via a laminate (not shown). In this regard, The viscoelastic damper 44 shown in Figs. 4 and 5, 5 2. 5 5 is the same. Furthermore, It is also possible to use the damper device 41 shown in the above FIGS. 4 and 5, 51 is used directly as a damping device, Or, like the damper device 1 1 having the two sets of damper devices 1 shown in Fig. 2, It can have two sets of damping devices 41, 51 to constitute a damping device. In terms of the shape of the damper, In addition to the above-mentioned flat support type, It is also possible to arrange the members in a cylindrical support shape and arrange them on the structure to suppress vibration caused by wind or the like. Or forming a wall type such as a vibration wall, Or the -15-200918782 horizontal movement type that constitutes S S R (elastic sliding support), etc., is disposed between the foundation and the structure, To suppress vibration during an earthquake. Next, with regard to the second embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, Refer to Figure 6 for illustration. The damping device 61, As shown in Figure 6(a), The system has: a viscoelastic damper 62A fixed to both the upper movable plate 66 and the friction plate 64A, 6 2 B ; a viscoelastic damper 62C fixed to both the lower movable plate 67 and the friction plate 6 4 B, 62D ; a low friction material 6 3 A to 6 3 C as a pressure supporting member disposed between the upper movable plate 66 and the friction plate 64A; The low-friction members 63D to 63F are provided as pressure supporting members between the lower movable plate VII and the friction plate 164. Friction plate 64A and sliding material 65, Friction plate 64B and sliding material 65, Separately constitute a friction damper 69, 70. Viscoelastic damper 62 ( 62A-62D ), Forming a rectangular plate in a plan view, Viscoelastic damper 62A, 62B each, The upper surface is fixed to the lower side of the upper movable plate 66. The following is fixed on the upper surface of the friction plate 64A; Viscoelastic damper 62C, 62D each, The lower part is fixed to the upper movable plate 67, The upper surface is fixed to the underside of the friction plate 6 4 B. The viscoelastic dampers 62, Unlike the viscoelastic damper 2 shown in Fig. 1, etc., it is provided with a rubber ball 3, But only composed of viscoelastic bodies, The shear deformation is used to generate the damping force. The material of the viscoelastic damper 62, The same material as the viscoelastic body 2a of the viscoelastic damper 2 can be used. The low-friction material 6 3 ( 6 3 A to 6 3 F )' is formed into a rectangular plate shape in plan view. Low friction materials 63 A to 63C, The upper surface is fixed below the upper movable plate 66, Below it is slidable over the friction plate 64A. Further low friction material -16- 200918782 63D~63F each 'the lower surface is fixed to the upper movable plate 67, The upper surface is slidable over the friction plate 64B. The coefficient of friction between the low friction material 63 and the friction plate 64A or the friction plate 64B, It is set to be smaller than the friction coefficient between the friction plate 6 4 A or the friction plate 6 4 B and the sliding material 65. Friction plate 64 (64A, 64B), And the sliding material 65 constitutes a friction damper 69, 70. The material of the friction plate 64, As long as it is a material which can obtain a high friction coefficient, the same material as the friction plate 5 shown in Fig. 1 can be used. Sliding material 65, Is formed with the friction plate 64 to form a friction damper 69, 70. Same as the damping device i shown in Fig. 2, A metal or the like can be bonded to the upper and lower surfaces of the sliding member 65. The friction plate 64 is frictionally slid on the mating material. On the friction plate 64 of both ends of the viscoelastic damper 62, The movement restricting portion 68 (68A to 68H) is fixed. The movement restricting portion 68, Like the movement restricting portions 3 1 to 3 4 shown in Figs. 2 and 3, Forming a rectangular parallelepiped, To limit the movement of the low friction material 63 in the horizontal direction, Thereby, the movement of the shearing direction of the viscoelastic damper 62 is restricted, And the viscoelastic body of the viscoelastic damper 62 is prevented from being excessively sheared and deformed, thereby causing damage. And let the viscoelastic damper 69, 70 works. In the upper movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67, The pressing force F is applied to a direction in which the upper movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67 are close to each other by a load member (not shown). Next, with respect to the action of the damper device 6 1 having the above configuration, Refer to Figure 6 (a) to (c) for illustration. -17- 200918782 I will be wearing these 5 parts, , 6 7 上 〇 Swipe in the normal state, The damper device 61 is formed in the state shown in Fig. 6 (a). The low friction material 63 and the movement restricting portion 6.8 are disposed to be spaced apart from each other. In the state shown in Figure 6 (a), When a wind load or the like is applied and a small amplitude vibration is applied, For example, as shown in Figure 6 (b), The external force F1 acts on the sliding member 65, the upper movable plate 66, and the lower movable plate 67'. The movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67 move to the right in the figure with respect to the friction plates 64A to 64B, respectively. With this move, Each of the low-friction members 63 moves to the right while frictionally sliding on the friction plate 64. The same viscoelastic damper 62 produces shear deformation to attenuate the vibration. Further, each of the low-wiping members 63 is further moved to the right in a state of frictional sliding on the friction plate 64. And the low friction material 63A, 63B, 63D, The right end of each of the 63E abuts against the movement restricting portion 6 8 A, 6 8 C, 6 8 E, 6 8 G, Damage is prevented by preventing excessive shear deformation of the viscoelastic body 62. Furthermore, If it is subjected to vibration of a large amplitude such as a large earthquake, as shown in the sixth (c) diagram, The external force F2 acts on the sliding material 65, Upper movable plate 66 and lower movable plate 67, Due to the low friction material 63A, 63B 6 3 D, 6 3 E each of the right end portions abuts on the movement restricting portion 6 8 A, 6 8 C 68E, 68G' low friction material 63 and upper movable plate 66, The lower movable plate cannot move further to the right. The friction plate 64 and the low friction material 63 and the movable plate 66, The lower movable plate 67 is moved relative to the sliding member 63. At this time, the friction plate 64 is frictionally slid on the sliding member 65. Use the vibration function. In the above description of the action, Although the upper movable plate 6 6 and the -18-200918782 movable plate 67 are moved to the right with respect to the sliding member 65, However, in the case where the upper movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67 move to the left with respect to the sliding member 65, the lower friction material 63B, 63C, 63E, The left end of each of 63F abuts on the movement restricting portion 6 8 B, 6 8 D, 6 8 F, 6 8 Η so far, The viscoelastic damper 62 will function, When the low friction material is 63, 63C, 63Ε, 63F, each of the left end portions abuts on the movement restricting portion 68Β, 68D, 68F, After 68 , the upper movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67 are further moved to the left. Further, the frictional sliding between the friction plate 64 and the sliding member 65 is utilized to exert the vibration damping function. As explained above, According to the damping device 6, 1, For a small amplitude external force F 1 viscoelastic damper 62 will play a role, For large amplitude external force F2 viscoelastic dampers 69, 70 will work, It can correspond to a wide range from small amplitude to large amplitude. Further, since the sliding direction of the friction plate 64 and the low-friction material 63 of the viscoelastic damper 62 are separated by a predetermined distance, The pressure imparted to the viscoelastic body 62 can be supported by the low friction material 63, Even for the viscoelastic dampers 62 and the friction dampers 69 that are laminated together, 70 applies a large fastening force, The deformation of the viscoelastic body 62 caused by the fastening force can still be suppressed, And by the friction damper 69, 70 can stably obtain large friction. Furthermore, Due to the movement restriction unit 6.8 It is possible to prevent the viscoelastic body 6 2 from being excessively sheared and deformed. In the above embodiment, Although the viscoelastic damper 62 and the friction damper 69 or 7 分别 are respectively disposed on the upper and lower sides of the sliding member 65, However, it is also possible to provide the viscoelastic damper 62 and the friction damper 69 or 7〇' on either the upper and lower sides of the sliding material 65, and the -19-200918782 side of the upper movable plate 66 or the lower movable plate 67 and the sliding member 65. The vibration-making effect is exerted between them. In addition, The damper device 61 shown in Fig. 6, At the same time as the horizontal deformation of viscoelasticity 62, The low friction material 63 will slide on the friction plate 64. When the low friction material 63 abuts against the movement restricting portion 68, Slide between the plate 64 and the sliding material 65, But it can also replace this movement as shown in Figure 7 (a). The low friction material 63 and the sliding material 65 are straightened to fix one surface of the friction plate 64 to the viscoelastic body 62. The other sliding material 65 is brought into contact. At this time, as shown in figure 7 (b), If the external force F action material 65 and the upper movable plate 66 and the lower movable plate 67, Viscoelasticity produces horizontal deformation and the low friction material 63 will be on the surface of the sliding material 65. After the low friction material 63 abuts against the side end surface 64a of the friction plate 64, The material 63 and the friction plate 64 slide together on the sliding material 65. For example, the movement restriction of the low-friction material 63 body 6 2 can be performed by the side end surface 64 4 a of the friction plate 64 4 . Therefore, it is not necessary to provide the movement restricting portion 6 8 in addition to the above-described damper device 61. then, A third embodiment of the damper device of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The damping device 7 1, In the building member 72 for mounting the damper device 71, The axial direction of 77 allows the friction damper to perform a friction-slip layer type damping device. The system has: Through the fixing member 74, a screw] 7 6 to be mounted on the six structural movable plates 7 3 of the structural member 7 2; Fixed components 7 9, Bolt 8 0, a nut 8 1 is mounted on the sliding member 7 8 of the structural member sheet; The surface of the adjacent movable plate 7 3 and the sliding material damper is arranged to rub, And the contact side and the sliding I 62 will slide, Low friction, like this, And sticky bombs like that, Refer to the complete configuration of a pair of 75 Through the solid 77 of the 7 7 8 -20- 200918782 viscoelastic damper and friction plate of the laminated body 8 4 ; a moving plate 73 that will be stacked together, The sliding member 78 and the laminated body 84 are pressed against the pressing member 82 from the lamination direction, 83 ; Used to combine the pressing member 82, 83, For the movable plate 73 which is stacked, The sliding member 78 and the laminated body 84 are provided with a bolt 85 and a nut 8 6 of a pressure F from the lamination direction. Structural member 72, 77 is formed into a strip shape, It is installed in the support part of the building. As shown in Figure 8 (a), At the left end of the structural member 72, The right end of the structural structure 77, A plurality of through holes for connecting to the branch or the like are provided. The six movable plates 73 are respectively formed into a strip shape. There are multiple through holes at the left end, It is held by a block-shaped fixing member 74, It is fixed by bolts and nuts 76. 4 pieces of sliding material 7 8 are also, The same shape as the movable plate 7 3 is strip-shaped, There are a plurality of through holes at the right end, It is held by a block-shaped fixture 79. It is fixed by bolt 8 〇 and nut 8 。. The laminated body 84 is also formed into a strip shape, respectively. The laminate body 84, For example, the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5 shown in Fig. 1 are laminated. A fixed steel material 4 may also be disposed between the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5. Laminated body 84, A plurality of cymbals are provided between the adjacent movable plate 73 and the sliding member 78 structural member 77. The viscoelasticity of the laminate 84 is fixed to the movable plate 73, The friction plate of the laminated body 84 forms a friction damper against the sliding member 78 or the structural member 77. Pushing member 82, 83, Forming a wider strip shape than the movable plate 73 and the like, and having a plurality of through holes for the bolts 8 5 in the end portions at both ends can be pushed to push the structure 75 to form or block the plate - 200918782 in two components 82, Between 83, The movable plate 73, After the sliding material 78 and the laminated body 84 are laminated, The two members 82 are connected by bolts 85 and nuts 86, 83 combination, The pressing force F is given in the lamination direction. The damper device 71 having the above configuration, When at the structural member 72, In the case where the wind load F 1 or the like is applied to the longitudinal direction of 77 and is subjected to small amplitude vibration, And in the case of figure 3 (b), The viscoelastic body of the viscoelastic damper of each layer body 84 is shear-deformed. And the vibration is attenuated. In addition, If you are subjected to large amplitude vibrations such as large earthquakes, The same as in the case of Figure 3 (c), The friction plate of the laminated body 84 and the sliding member 78 or the structural member 7 7 abutting the friction plate are relatively moved. The friction sliding is used to exert the vibration making function. As explained above, According to the damping device 7 1, When the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 8 4 acts, A friction damper composed of the laminated body 84 and the sliding member 78 or the structural member 77 may be at the structural member 72, Friction sliding in the direction of the axis of 77, Therefore, the structural member 72, 7 7 In the case of the support portion of the building structure, The vibration function can be exerted in the longitudinal direction of the support. And because it is a laminate of a plurality of laminates 84, Movable plate 73 and sliding material 7.8 The shear surface of the viscoelastic body and the sliding surface of the friction damper can be made larger. And with a small structure to play a greater vibration damping function. then, According to a fourth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, Refer to Figure 9 for illustration. The damping device 1 〇 1, a pair of structural members 102 for providing the damper device 110, 107 in the cutting direction, That is, the relative displacement of the left and right directions of the 9th (a) diagram, a multi-layer -22-200918782 type damping device that causes the friction damper to frictionally slide, The system has: Through the fixing member 104, Bolt 105, The nut 106 is mounted on the six movable plates 103 of the structural member 102; Through the fixing member 109, Bolt 1 10, a nut 11 1 1 is attached to the four sliding members 108 of the structural member 107; a laminated body 1 1 4 of a viscoelastic damper and a friction plate disposed between the adjacent movable plate 103 and the sliding material 108; a movable plate 103 which is laminated together, The sliding member 108 and the laminated body 1 14 are held by the pressing member 1 2 in the lamination direction. 1 1 3 ; Used to combine the pressing members 112, 113, For the movable plate 103 stacked together, The sliding member 108 and the laminated body 114 are provided with a bolt 115, a nut 116, and the like that apply a pressing force F from the lamination direction. Structural member 1 〇2 1 07 respectively form a plate shape in a rectangular shape. It is a beam mounted on a building structure. As shown in Figure 9 (a), At the lower end of the structural member 102, The upper end of the structural construct 107, A plurality of through holes for connecting to a beam or the like are provided. The six movable plates 101 are respectively formed into a strip shape. As shown in Figure 9 (c), a plurality of through holes at the lower end portion, It is held by the block-shaped fixing member 104, It is fixed by bolts 105 and nuts 106. 4 pieces of sliding material 1 〇 8 also, The same shape as the movable plate 1 0 3 is formed in a strip shape. As shown in Figure 9 (c), There are a plurality of through holes at the upper end, It is held by a block-shaped fixing member 1 〇 9 It is fixed by the bolt 1 1 〇 and the nut 1 1 1 . The laminated body 1 1 4 is also formed into a strip shape, respectively. The laminated body 1 1 4 ' is configured by, for example, integrating the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5 shown in Fig. 1 . It is also possible to arrange the steel 4 for fixing -23-200918782 between the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5. Laminated body 114, A total of 10 pieces are provided between the adjacent movable plate 103 and the sliding material 1 〇 8 or the structural member 107. The shearing surface of the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 1 14 is fixed to the movable plate 103, The friction plate of the laminated body 114 constitutes a friction damper together with the sliding member 108 or the structural member 107 abutting against the friction plate. Pushing member 1 1 2 The 1 1 3 ′ system is formed in a wider strip shape than the movable plate 1 〇 3 or the like, and has a plurality of through holes at the both end portions for the bolts 1 1 5 to be inserted. In two components 1 1 2 Between 1 1 3, The above movable plate 1 〇 3, After the sliding material 1 0 8 and the laminated body 1 1 4 are laminated, By laying on two members π 2 , 1 1 3 of the outer surface of the channel 1 1 7 1 1 8, Bolt 1 1 5 and nut 1 1 6 will be two members 1 1 2 1 1 3 combined, The pressing force F is given in the lamination direction of the figure 9 (b). Through the channel 117, 118 can be for two members 112, 113 applies a uniform push pressure. The damper device 101 having the above configuration, When in a pair with the structural member 102, 107 is perpendicular to the direction of the 峙, The shear direction, that is, the case where the wind load F 1 or the like is applied in the left-right direction of the figure 9 (a), and is subjected to small amplitude vibration. And in the case of figure 3 (b), The viscoelastic body of the viscoelastic resistor of each laminated body 1 1 4 is shear-deformed. And the vibration is attenuated. In addition, If you are subjected to large amplitude vibrations such as large earthquakes, The same as in the case of Figure 3 (c), The friction plate of the laminated body 1 14 and the sliding member 108 or the structural member 107 abutting the friction plate are in the direction of the load F1, That is, with a pair of structural members 1 2 The direction of the vertical direction of the opposite direction of the 'sharp direction' is the relative movement of the left and right direction of the 9th (a) figure. The friction sliding is used to exert the vibration making function. -24- 200918782 As explained above, According to the damping device 1 0 1, When the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 1 1 4 acts, a friction damper composed of the laminated body 1 14 and the sliding material 1 0 8 or the structural member 107, Will be with a pair of structural components 102, 107 is perpendicular to the direction of the 峙, The shearing direction, that is, the left-right direction of the ninth (a) diagram, is relatively moved to perform frictional sliding. Therefore, the structural member 102, 1 07 is installed on the side of the lower beam member of the building structure, On the side of the upper beam member, The vibrational function can be exerted on the relative displacement of the beam in the horizontal direction. And because it is a plurality of laminated bodies 114, Movable plate 103 and sliding material 1 〇 8, The shear surface of the viscoelastic body and the sliding surface of the friction damper can be made larger. And with a small structure to play a greater vibration damping function. Next, the vibration test of the damper device of the present invention will be described. In the trial, Using the damping device 1 〇 1, as shown in Figure 9 Applying a predetermined vibration, At this time, the relative displacement (mm) of the movable plate 1 〇 3 and the sliding material 1 〇 8 is The relationship of the horizontal resistance (kN) of the damping device 101 is recorded. First, the first (a) diagram shows that A vibration having an amplitude of ±5 mm is applied in a sinusoidal wave as an experienced curve at a minute amplitude. As can be seen from the figure, In the case where a small amplitude is applied to the damping device, Since frictional sliding does not occur between the friction plate of the laminated body 1 14 and the sliding member 108, Therefore, it is purely a property of the viscoelastic body of the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 1 14 . Then, a vibration curve having a amplitude of ±2 Omm is applied in a sinusoidal wave as a large amplitude to obtain an experienced curve shown in Fig. 1(b). that is, At this time, As a result of the frictional sliding between the friction plate of the laminated body 11 4 and the sliding material i 〇 8 (about l_3kN in the figure), The viscoelasticity of the viscoelastic resistor of the laminate 114 will function. However, after the friction plate of the laminated body 1 14 and the sliding friction between the sliding plates and the sliding material - 0 18 - 200918782, the characteristics of the friction damper will appear 〇 Next, Figure l(c) is a display, The experienced curve at the time of the maximum displacement (amplitude) ± 3 Omm is randomly applied. According to the figure, When the load applied to the damper device 101 is small (the amplitude is small), the viscoelastic property is exhibited. When the load applied to the damper device 101 is large (the amplitude is large), the influence of the friction damper characteristics is large. then, According to a fifth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, The description will be made with reference to Figs. 11 and 12. For ease of understanding, The portions of the viscoelastic damper are shown in a blackened manner in both figures. The damper device 1 2 1 ' is a wide range of damper devices that can simultaneously apply vibration in the two-axis direction and correspond to a small amplitude to a large amplitude. The damping device 121 has: a viscoelastic damper 1 23 and a friction plate 1 24 laminated between the upper pressing plate 122 and the sliding member 125, a friction plate 1 26 and a viscoelastic damper 27 laminated between the sliding material 1 25 and the central steel 1 28 a viscoelastic damper 1 29 and a friction plate 1 3 0 laminated between the central steel plate 1 28 and the sliding material 1 3 1 a friction plate 1 3 2 and a viscoelastic damper 1 3 3 laminated between the sliding material 1 3 1 and the lower pressing plate 1 3 4, That is, there are four sets of damper structures. Viscoelastic damper 1 2 3, 1 2 7, 1 2 9, 1 3 3, Each of the strip-shaped strips has the same structure as the viscoelastic damper 2 of Fig. 1 . And adjacent members that are fixed in the up and down direction respectively (for example, The viscoelastic damper 1 2 3 is fixed to the upper pressing plate 1 2 2 and the friction plate 1 2 4 ). Friction plate 124, 126, 130. 132, They have the same shape as the viscoelastic damping -26- 200918782 123, respectively. It is formed of the same material as the friction plate 5 of Fig. 1 . The friction plates 1 24, etc. It is fixed to an adjacent viscoelastic damper 123, etc. Further, it is possible to move relative to the adjacent sliding member 125 or the like. Friction plate 124, etc. It is also possible to provide the fixing steel material 4 shown in Fig. 1 (for fixing the viscoelastic damper 1 23 or the like to the friction plate 1 24 or the like). Sliding material 1 2 5, Sliding material 1 3 1, The strips are formed of materials such as stainless steel. A through hole (for example, an upper structure and a lower structure for joining the building structure) is formed at both end portions. The sliding material 1 2 5 is a friction material 1 24, 1 26 is reserved, The members constitute a friction damper; The sliding material 1 3 1 is the friction material 1 3 0, 1 3 2 is reserved, These components are component friction dampers. The central steel plate 1 2 8 is formed in a plate shape that is substantially square in plan view. The four corners are the movement restricting portions of the square column 1 3 5 1 3 6 Hold and hold. Central steel plate 128, The upper surface thereof is fixed below the viscoelastic damper 127. The underside is fixed to the top of the viscoelastic damper 1 29 . The upper pressure plate 1 22 is formed in a plate shape that is substantially square in plan view. The lower surface is fixed to the upper surface of the viscoelastic damper 123. At the four corners below the upper pressure plate 122, Four movement restricting portions 丨35 having a square column shape are vertically provided. The lower pressing plate 134 is also formed in a substantially plate shape similar to the upper pressing plate 122. The upper surface thereof is fixed to the underside of the viscoelastic damper 1 3 3 . At the four corners above the lower pressure plate 1 3 4 , Four movement restricting portions 136 having a square column shape are vertically provided. The above-mentioned components stacked together, Although the illustration is omitted, The movement restricting portion 135 is provided by a plurality of bolts and nuts penetrating through the up and down direction, 136 -27- 200918782 It is combined to push from a vertical direction with a certain amount of tightening. The damping device 121, Attached to the building structure between the components that are displaced relative to each other, The operation will be described below. Under normal conditions, The damper device 1 2 1 is assembled in the state shown in the first 2 (a). that is, Movement restriction unit 1 3 5 or 1 3 6 And each motorcycle 1 2 4, 1 2 6, 1 3 0, The side surface of 1 3 2 is disposed so as to be separated from the predetermined interval in the 12th (a) figure. If a small amplitude vibration is applied by applying a wind load or the like, For example, as shown in Figure 12 (b), For the slip 1 2 5, there is an external force F 1 acting to the right, Sliding material 1 5 will be rubbed with 126 and viscoelastic damper 123, 127 — from the right side of the picture, Viscoelastic damper 1 2 3, 1 2 7 each viscoelastic body will be deformed, And the vibration is attenuated. At this time, Due to the friction plate 1 24, The side portion abuts on the right movement restricting portion 1 3 5, Therefore, it can prevent the sticky bomb. 127 Each of the viscoelastic bodies is excessively sheared and deformed into breakage. In addition, If it is subjected to a large amplitude vibration such as a large earthquake, as shown in Figure 1 2 (c), The sliding material 1 2 5 will have a right side to the outside; J acts, Due to the friction plate 1 2 4, The side portion of 1 2 6 abuts against the restriction portion 135 on the right side, And the friction plate 124, 126 can't go further to the right, The sliding material 125 is opposite to the friction plate 124, 126 to move, ie Only the sliding material 125 is moved further to the right. At this time, Friction plate, 1 2 6 will perform a frictional sliding with respect to the sliding material 1 2 5 and can function. In the above description of the action, Although the description is for the sliding material 1 2 5 2), the wiper plate is driven by the movable material wiper, and the shearing force is 126. ^ F2 Move Move. Also 124 振振有朝-28- 200918782 The foreign party F 1 on the right The situation of F2 action, But when an external force F 1 is applied to the left side of the sliding material, In the case of F 2, Until the friction plate 1 2 4, 1 2 6 abuts to the left movement restriction unit 1 3 5 , Viscoelastic dampers 1 2 7 will work, When the friction plate 1 2 4, After the side of 1 2 6 abuts to the movement restricting portion 1 3 5 , Only the sliding material 1 2 5 is further moved to the left by the friction plate 1 2 4 The friction between the 1 2 6 and the sliding material 1 2 5 is the vibration damping function. In addition, Although the detailed description is omitted, But even for the 1st 1st material 1 3 1 in its axial direction, That is, the case where the sliding shown in Fig. 12 is applied to the wind direction or the ground amplitude vibration in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, The damper device 1 2 1 can also perform the above actions. On the other hand, the vibration damping function is exerted in the axial direction of the sliding material 331. As explained above, according to the damping device 1 2 1, By applying vibrations simultaneously in the two-axis direction by one-to-one, it corresponds to a small amplitude to a wide range. And by the viscoelastic damper 123, 127, 129, Rubber ball, Supporting the pressure imparted to the viscoelastic body, And the deformation of the viscoelastic body, Thereby, the friction damper can be used to stably obtain the frictional force. Furthermore, With the movement restriction unit 135, 136, The above-mentioned viscoelastic body is excessively sheared and deformed to cause breakage. Next, the sixth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention will be described with reference to Figs. The damping device 151, a multi-layer type damping device capable of simultaneously applying vibration at 2 by means of a damper device, The total of four groups of damper devices 121 of 7K in Fig. 1 is shown in the vertical direction. The 125 side of the 125 side and the left side of the movement, and the slidable material 13 1 that is moving up and the like can be prevented from being greatly suppressed by the 133 of the same damping device amplitude, and the reference axis direction is 12 F. - 200918782 成. In the following description, the damper device 151 is disposed between the foundation 152 and the building main body 153 as a vibration damping device. However, in the first 3 (a) diagram, the description of the building body 153 is omitted. The damper device 151 includes between the upper pressing plate 155 and the lower pressing plate 156: four sliding members 157 extending in the left-right direction of Fig. 13 and extending from the thirteenth (a) drawing. 4 pieces of sliding material 1 5 8 in the up-and-down direction (left-right direction of Fig. 14). 4 pieces of sliding material 157 are fixed by fixing member 159, bolt 160 and nut 161 On the building body 1 5 3 . On the other hand, the four sliding members 158 are fixed to the foundation 152 through the fixing member 162, the bolt 163, and the nut 164 as shown in Fig. 14. A central steel plate 165 is disposed between adjacent sliding members 157, 158, and between adjacent sliding members 157 and central steel plates 165, and adjacent sliding members 15 Between 8 and the center steel plate 165, a laminated body 166 formed by a viscoelastic damper and a friction plate is disposed. Thereby, a total of seven central steel sheets 165 and sixteen laminated bodies 166 are disposed between the upper pressing plate 155 and the lower pressing plate 156. The laminated body of the viscoelastic damper and the friction plate 166 has the laminated bodies 8 4 and 1 14 of the viscoelastic dampers and the friction plates of the third and fourth embodiments (see Figs. 8 and 9). The same structure is configured, for example, by laminating the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5 shown in Fig. 1 . A fixing steel material 4 may be disposed between the viscoelastic damper 2 and the friction plate 5. The shearing surface of the viscoelastic damper of each of the laminated bodies 166 is fixed to the adjacent upper pressing plate 155, the central steel material 165 or the lower pressing plate 156, and the friction plate of the laminated body 155 is Abutting on the sliding material 157 or 158 to form a frictional resistance -30-200918782. The slide plates 1 5 7 and 1 5 8 are each made of a material such as stainless steel, and both end portions are fixed to the fixing member 159 or 162. Each of 157 and 158 is a friction damper that is held by the friction plates of the laminated body 166. The center steel plate 165 is formed in a plate shape having a substantially square shape in plan view, and the corners are divided by a plurality of square column-shaped movement restricting portions 1 67. The upper and lower faces of the center steel plate 165 are shear faces that are fixed to the adjacent 1 66 viscoelastic dampers. The upper pressurizing plate 15 5 is formed into a substantially uniform square plate in plan view and is fixed to the shear surface of the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 1 66. Four square-shaped shifting portions 167 are erected at the lower four corners of the pressure plate 155. The lower pressing plate 156 is also formed in a plate shape larger than the upper pressing plate 155, and the upper surface thereof is a viscoelastic damping cut surface fixed to the laminated body 166. At the four corners of the lower pressing plate 156, four columnar movement restricting portions 167 are vertically provided. After laminating the above-mentioned members, the bolts 168 and the nut 169 that penetrate the upper array of the upper pressure plate 1 加压 pressure plate 1 5 6 are tightened, and the amount of fastening is from the up and down direction with a certain amount of fastening. Push. The movement 1 67 restricts the movement of the shear of the viscoelastic body provided by the viscoelastic damper of the layer body 1 66 by restricting the movement of the layered body 1 66 in the horizontal direction. The damper device 153 is assembled as described above, and the fixing member is a strip sliding material, and the four-clamping fixed layer body is used, and the upper root of the same device is cut by the square root i5 and the lower solid binding limit. The portion limiting direction 159 is -31 - 200918782 is fixed to the building body 153 via the bolt 160 and the nut 161, and the fixing member 162 is fixed to the foundation 152 by the bolt 163 and the nut 164, thereby exerting a vibration damping device. The function. Next, the operation of the damper device 151 will be described with reference to the figures i3 to 158. In the normal state, as shown in Fig. 15, the damper device 151 is disposed such that the laminated body 166 and the movement restricting portion 167 are spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval. In the above state, when a small amplitude vibration is applied by applying a wind load or the like, for example, as shown in the first 3 (a) diagram and the fifth diagram, the sliding material 1 5 7 has a rightward F1 effect. Similarly, as in the case of Fig. 1 2 (b), the sliding member 157 is moved to the right in the figure together with the viscoelastic damper adjacent to the laminated body 166 of the sliding member 167, so that the viscoelastic dampers are each The viscoelastic body produces shear deformation to attenuate the vibration. At this time, the laminated body 166 abuts against the movement restricting portion 167 of the right side, and prevents the viscoelastic body of each of the viscoelastic dampers from being excessively sheared and deformed, thereby causing damage. The vibration of a large amplitude such as an earthquake acts on the sliding member 157 with a larger external force F2. Similarly to the case of Fig. 12(c), the laminated body 1 66 abuts against the movement restricting portion 167 on the right side. Since the laminated body 166 cannot move further to the right, the sliding member 157 moves relative to the friction plate of the laminated body 166 adjacent to the sliding member 157. At this time, the friction plate of the laminated body 166 frictionally slides the sliding material 157 to exhibit a vibration-damping function. In the above description of the operation, the case where the sliding member 157 has an external force FI (F2) to the right of -32 to 200918782 is described, but the external force F 1 to the left is applied to the sliding member 1 57 ( In the case of F2), the viscoelastic damper acts until the laminated body 1 66 abuts on the left side movement restricting portion 167, and the laminated body 166 abuts to the left side movement restricting portion 1 6 7' Only the sliding material 157 is further moved to the left, and the vibration damping function is exerted by the frictional sliding between the friction plate of the laminated body 166 and the sliding material 157. In addition, although the detailed description is omitted, the damper device 1 is applied to the case where the sliding material 158 of the first (3)th diagram is subjected to vibration of a large amplitude such as a wind load or a large-scale earthquake in the axial direction. 5 1 The same operation as described above is performed, and the vibration making function is exhibited in the axial direction of the sliding material 158. As explained above, according to the damper device 155, vibration can be simultaneously applied in the two-axis direction by a damper device to correspond to a wide range from small amplitude to large amplitude. Further, due to the viscoelastic damper of the laminated body 166, the same rubber ball as the rubber ball 3 of the viscoelastic damper 2 shown in Fig. 1 is disposed, and the rubber ball can support the adhesion to each viscoelastic damper. The pressure imparted by the elastic body can suppress the deformation of the viscoelastic body, whereby the frictional damper can stably obtain a large frictional force. Further, since the movement restricting portion 167 is provided, it is possible to prevent the above-described viscoelastic body from being excessively sheared and deformed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a damper device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the first embodiment of the damper device of the present invention. -33- 200918782 Section 3 (a) (b) (c) Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional assembly diagram and operation explanatory diagram of the damper device of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the basic structure of the damper device of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another example of the basic structure of the damper device of the present invention. Fig. 6(a), (b) and (c) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a second embodiment of the damper device of the present invention. Fig. 7 (a) and (b) are schematic cross-sectional views showing a modification of the damper device of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a view showing a third embodiment of the damper device according to the present invention, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view of (a) a-A line, and (c) is a cross-section of line B-B of (a); Figure. Fig. 9 is a view showing a fourth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view "(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line c - C of (a), and (c) is a cross section of line D - D of (a); Figure. Fig. 10(a), (b) and (c) are diagrams showing a test example of the damper device of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a view showing a fifth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of (a). Chapter 1 2 ( a) ( b ) ( c ) Figure 1 shows the assembly diagram and operation diagram of the damper device in Figure 11. Fig. 13 is a view showing a sixth embodiment of the damper device of the present invention, wherein (a) is a plan view (the description of the main body is omitted), (b) is a front view - 34 - 200918782, and (c) is (a) FF line cross-section. Fig. 14 is a view showing a damper device of Fig. 13, (a) is a side view of Fig. 13, and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G of Fig. 1 (a). Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H of Fig. 13(b). [Main component symbol description] 6: Main component symbol description 1: Damping device 2: Viscoelastic damper 2a: Viscoelastic body 3: Rubber ball 4: Fixing steel material 5: Friction plate 6: Mating material 7: Friction damper 8 : movable plate 9 : sliding material 1 1 : damping device 1 2 : viscoelastic damper 1 3 : rubber ball 1 4 : fixing steel 1 5 : friction plate 1 6 : compounding material 1 7 : friction damper -35- 200918782 1 8 : Upper movable plate 1 8 a : Inserting through hole 1 9 : Sliding material 20 : Plate portion 2 1 : Flange portion 22 : Viscoelastic damper 2 3 : Rubber ball 2 4 : Fixing steel 2 5 : Friction Plate 26: mating material 2 7 : friction damper 2 8 : lower movable plate 2 8 a : insertion hole 2 9 : bolt 3 0 : nut 3 1 to 3 4 : movement restricting portion 4 1 : damping device 4 2 : Friction plate 4 3 : Mating material 44 : Viscoelastic damper 4 5 : Movable plate 4 6 'Sliding material 47 : Friction damper 4 8 : Rubber ball - 36 - 200918782 5 1 : Damping device 52 : 1st viscoelastic damper 5 3 : Friction plate 54 : Mating material 5 5 : 2nd viscoelastic damper 5 6 : Movable plate 5 7 : Sliding material 5 8 : Friction damper 5 9 : Rubber ball 60 : Rubber ball 6 1 : Damping device 62 ( 6 2A to 62D): viscoelastic damper 63 (63 A to 63F) • low friction material 64 (64 A > 64B): friction plate 65: sliding material 6 6 : upper movable plate 6 7 : lower movable plate 68 ( 68 A to 6 8H ): movement restricting portion 69 : friction damper 7 0 : friction damper 7 1 : damper device 72 : structural member 73 : movable plate 74 : fixing member - 37 - 200918782 7 5 : bolt 76 : nut 77: structural member 7 8 : sliding member 7 9 : fixing member 80 : bolt 8 1 : nut 8 2 : pressing member 8 3 : pressing member 84 : laminated body 8 5 : bolt 8 6 : nut 1 〇 1 : Damping device 102 : Structural member 1 〇 3 : Movable plate 104 : Fixing member 1 0 5 : Bolt 1 0 6 : Nut 107 : Structural member 1 〇 8 : Sliding material 1 〇 9 : Fixing member 1 1 0 : Bolt 1 1 1 : Nut 1 1 2 : Pushing member - 38 200918782 1 1 3 : Pushing member 1 1 4 : Laminate 1 1 5 : Bolt 1 1 6 : Nut 1 1 7 : Channel 1 1 8 : Groove Steel 1 2 1 : Damping device 1 2 2 : Upper pressing plate 123 : Viscoelastic damper 1 2 4 : Friction plate 125 : Sliding material 1 2 6 : Friction plate 127 : Viscoelastic damper 1 2 8 : Central steel plate 129 : Viscoelastic damper 1 3 0 : Friction plate 1 3 1 : Sliding material 1 3 2 : Friction plate 1 3 3 : Viscoelastic damper 1 3 4 : Lower pressure plate 1 3 5 : Movement restricting portion 1 3 6 : Movement restricting portion 1 5 1 : Damping device 1 5 2: Foundation-39 200918782 1 5 3 : Building body 1 5 5 : Upper pressure plate 1 5 6 : Lower pressure plate 1 5 7 : Sliding material 1 5 8 : Sliding material 1 5 9 : Fixing member 1 6 0 : Bolt 1 6 1 : Nut 1 6 2 : Fixing member 1 6 3 : Bolt 1 6 4 : Nut 1 6 5 : Central steel plate 1 6 6 : Laminate 1 6 7 : Movement restricting part 1 6 8 : Bolt 1 6 9 : Nut