TW200803983A - Oxidation catalyst - Google Patents
Oxidation catalyst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200803983A TW200803983A TW096104424A TW96104424A TW200803983A TW 200803983 A TW200803983 A TW 200803983A TW 096104424 A TW096104424 A TW 096104424A TW 96104424 A TW96104424 A TW 96104424A TW 200803983 A TW200803983 A TW 200803983A
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- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- precursor
- oxidation
- sol
- oxide
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/64—Platinum group metals with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07C5/42—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor
- C07C5/48—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
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Description
200803983 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種氧化反應催化劑。 【先前技術】 . 用於將烴類氣相氧化成有用產物(諸如烯烴及/或幾酸)之 、冑化劑多年來已為人所知。為提供商業生存力,氧化反應 '' #化劑必須能夠在其中對於有用產物之選擇率為高且碳氧 ㈣之生成為最低的製程條件下顯示良好之烴類轉化率。 通常藉由提高製程條件之嚴格性來彌補不佳之催化劑活 性’尤其藉由提高反應溫度來改良反應速率。此方式可導 致對於所要產物之不佳效率。 另-方面,若對來自反應器之熱量移除控制不佳,則高 催化劑活性本身可為有害的,因為此可導致局部高反應溫 度,其可導致不佳選擇率。煙類氧化為高度放熱反應,且 反f溫度之控制可尤其具有挑戰性。已論述使用流化床反 Φ 應σσ代9固定床反應益作為一種更佳地控制放熱的方法。 (US 5300684、WO 〇0/14047、us 2〇〇4/〇133〇39)儘管已描 述可有效地控制反應溫度的流化床反應器,然仍存在其他 效能問題。纟改良氧化反應催化劑之機械穩定性以使其可 用於流化床反應器之嘗試中,可導致諸如活性減小或對於 所要產物之選擇率降低的其他效能問題。因此在針對氧化 反應催化劑在流化床中之特定用途對其進行改良的同時保 持與固定床相當之活性及選擇率為值得持久關注之領域。 當前存在若干支持用於流化床應用之活性催化材料的技 118392.doc 200803983 術。可藉由使用以下三種主要方法中之一種,自催化劑前 驅體製備流化床催化劑:在耐磨擦载體上浸潰,由耐磨擦 塗層封裝,或將催化劑前驅體之個別顆粒嵌入耐磨擦基^ :。浸潰為用於流化床催化劑製備之最常用技術之_。浸 潰方法通常涉及使用催化劑或催化劑前驅體之溶液或裳料 來填充預先形成之載體的孔隙。-般而言,將催化劑或催 化劑前驅體溶解於溶劑中或於溶劑中形成黎料,且將耐磨 2載體添加至該催化騎化劑前驅體溶液中。封裝為另 種製備技術’其中藉由以多孔耐磨擦殼㈤常為二氧化 :或氧化紹)封裝催化活性顆粒來改良催化劑之機械性 貝 4677084(頒予 Bergna)及 us 6 職 劑封裝之技術。最徭,山χ i 4用於催化 如二氧化鈦、氧化二二 使用非催化材料(諸 聯結催化劑顆擦基質嵌入或 d顆粒。儘官該等製備方法中之每— 问’然各方法均係針對當 為不 作用時將該俏衿卞丨 ^在抓化床反應器中 術製備之所得、、耐磨擦性最大化。然而,藉由不同技 有之所#机化床催化齊 ^的 導致不經濟之工蓺。 貝料了大為不同,甚至 【發明内容】 :發明係針對—種製備用於流 化劍的新型程序,其將不會展〒 、^之乳化反應催 產生之有害效能。五寺’性相所用技術而 仆旬、, σ人叙現,當使用本發明 化劑珂驅體時,在球 月之方法處理催 氧化物相。” ^ 劑顆粒之表面上將形成-新藉 較催化劑前驅體更具多孔性,且其包含 ^ 8392.doc 200803983 除载體材料之化學元素以外存在於該催化劑前驅體中之某 些化學元素。該新相之形成使該催化劑組成不同於在傳統 嵌入程序中將達成之催化劑組成,在傳統嵌入程序中將發 現完整之催化劑顆粒散佈於純”嵌入”組份之基質中。^亥新 相進一步不同於封裝催化劑’在該封裝催化劑中催化兩丨顆
粒將由純封裝化合物殼包覆。以此方式製備之载體催化劑 較之催化劑前驅體展示改良效能。 【實施方式】 如遞及尽描述 〜〜月平Vi 汉應催化 劑之製備來說明本發明,該催化劑可用於藉由氣相氧化 自乙烷及/或乙烯來製造乙烯及/或乙酸之流化床反應器而 然而,應注意本文中所含之揭示内容適用於任何氧化方法 所用之任何混合氧化物催化劑,且因此不限於用於乙烷 及/或乙烯氧化之催化劑。此外’儘管該描述内容係針: 催化劑在流化床反應器中之用途,然所揭示之催化劑 有利地用於固定床反應器。 通常’首先根據特定前驅體之常規程序來製備催 驅體。儘管在本文中所揭示之實施例係針對單—催讀 ::體,然應瞭解任何催化劑前驅體(尤其為氧化反 Γ;Τ將受益於本發明。在形成催化劑前驅體之 後’可視知況在將其煅烊 質。接菩获“仃本文中所述之改 著將用無機溶膠將該催化劑前驅體改質,且接 燥1ΓΓ成本發明之催化劑。當使用喷霧乾燥方法 所使用之實例時,重要態樣為使催化劑前驅 118392.doc 200803983 體之漿料形成為流化所需形狀及 入八小之釔燦顆粒。噴霧乾 爍之可接受替代方法將包括冷東 、 ^果乾/木及真空乾燥,其均為 此項技術中已知。 該改質程序(亦為本發明之一會 < 只鈿例)係在下文中以若干 特定實例之形式進行描述。
催化劑前驅體之製備 在本發明之一實施例中 U T 具有組成 MOuoVo.55Nbo.o9 氧化反應催化劑前驅體係根據美國 專利第6,852,877號中所述之程序所製得,將其完整内容以 引用的方式併入本文中。製備三種獨立溶液,第一溶液包 含400 ml水中之8〇 g鉬酸銨,第二溶液包含4〇〇⑹水中之 29.4 g偏釩酸銨,且第三溶液包含2〇〇 mi水中之i9〇i g草 酸铌敍、1.92 g草酸銻及!·34 g硝酸飼。分別將該三種溶液 在70 C下攪拌15分鐘。接著將第三溶液與第二溶液組合, 且在70 C下再攪拌1 5分鐘,之後將組合之第二溶液及第三 溶液添加至第一溶液中。隨後,將〇〇78 g乙酸鈀(π)於2〇〇 ml乙醇中之第四溶液添加至前三種溶液之混合物中。將所 知混合物蒸發以獲得800 ml之殘餘總體積。將該混合物在 180 C下噴霧乾燥,繼而將粉末在12〇ι下於靜態空氣中乾 燥2小時,且接著在3〇〇t:下於靜態空氣中煅燒5小時。 隨後,如下文中所述’使用自相應金屬醇鹽當場生成之 Zr〇2、Ti〇2或八丨2〇3之溶膠前驅體對經煅燒之催化劑前驅 體進行改質,以同時改良催化劑之物理性質及化學性質。 本發明所採用之催化劑改質程序為Martin所述之嵌入程 118392.doc 200803983 序(Martin,F. Entwicklung imd kinetische Untersuchimg
eines Wirbelschichtkatalysators fur die Maleinsaureanhydrid-Herstellungaus n-Butan. Ph.D. Dissertation, Erlangen-Niirnberg,1989)的修改,將其以引用的方式併入本文中。 然而’如文中所解釋,該經修改之程序並不得到"嵌入,,催 化劑’而將導致催化劑前驅體顆粒之新穎表面改質。 在下文中描述亦為一本發明實施例之該經修改之程序。 使用氧化鍅之改質 為當場生成氧化鍅溶膠,選擇Zr(0_nPr)4作為溶膠前驅 體如上文中所述生成氧化反應催化劑前驅體,且根據由 Martin參考文獻所提供之指示來計算該催化劑前驅體與水 之比例以及溶劑與Zr(〇_nPr)4之比例。然而,在本發明之 催化劑製備技術中’使用正丙醇來代替如Manin中利之 異丙醇。僅W3之溶劑計算體積為正丙醇,而水代替剩餘 之2/3溶劑計算體積。 製備用於處理之懸浮液的程序如下。首先,使用超音波 ㈣器將上文所述之氧化反應催化劑前驅體與水混合1〇分 鐘’形成溶液A。接著,在冷卻至吖之玻璃容器中使用超 音波授拌器將計算體積之溶劑(如上文所述,其2/3為水)盘
Zr(〇-n=容液(市售7〇%zr(〇_npr)4於正丙醇中之溶液)混 合,獲付浴液B。將溶洛a结德ϋ 令,合,夜Α綾悛地逐滴添加至溶液3中。在 =加㈣’持續攪拌該混合物且保持處於代。當該兩種 ’合液70全混合後立即進行噴霧乾燥。使噴霧乾燥器饋入漿 枓保持於oc,且使用電磁搜拌器持續檀拌之。該喷霧乾 118392.doc 200803983 無裔在2 2 0 C之入口、、西痒τ ,皿度下進行操作。噴霧乾燥後,在馬 弗爐中將改貝催化劑之所有樣品在·。。下於靜態空氣中 锻燒5小時。 形成四種不同樣品,丨、,彳盆〜t 作。口以獲传按照Zr〇2計算範圍在改質催 化劑調配物總重量之6番旦、 重里/〇至12重S %内之多種氧化鍅倂 入量(表1)。 表1 在最終樣。口中多種氧化鍅量情況下,用於製備改質催化 劑之化學品量。所有催化劑在改質前後均經锻燒。
在固定床反應器中測試經氧化錯改質之催化劑,以㈣ 對於氣相乙烧氧化以形成乙稀及乙酸之活性及選擇率。 噴務乾‘方法中所獲得之粒度範圍内使用該等改質催化 劑。在測試前該等催化劑均以7倍量之石英進行稀释。 表1中概述不同催化劑之選擇率。在圖i及圖2中圖形化展 催化劑生產率。席及之時空產率㈣)代表之 表2 較之未改質催化劑前驅體之經邮改質之催化劑的轉化率 (X)及31 擇率(s)° 反應器饋料:c2H6:〇2:N2=4G:8:52。p=i6 巴。總饋料流量=16Nml/min;催化劑質量=200叫 H8392.doc 200803983 Ζγ02/% T/°C x(c2h6) X(〇2) S(C2H4) S(HOac) S(CO) S(C02) 8 270 3,06% 24,88% 37,87% 45,06% 3,29% 13,50% 8 300 8,67% 75,82% 28,81% 46,62% 3,19% 21,22% 8 320 11,55% 100,00% 31,94% 40,77% 2,63% 24,61% 10 270 3,30% 26,53% 35,90% 46,05% 3,21% 14,59% 10 300 9,53% 82,87% 30,40% 44,81% 3,07% 21,58% 10 320 11549% 100,00% 30,01% 40,76% 2,63% 26,54% 12 270 3,94% 29,02% 41,08% 43,94% 3,40% 11,28% 12 300 11,03% 84,91% 39,24% 40,69% 3,99% 15,94% 12 320 14,34% 100,00% 46,81% 32,66% 3,94% 16,55% 〇(前驅體) 270 2,79% 27,43% 21,85% 55,92% 2,86% 19,19% 〇(前驅體) 300 8,98% 80,88% 21,98% 49,45% 2,51% 25,94% 〇(前驅體) 320 10,01% 100,00% 24,14% 40,68% 1,96% 33,20% 藉由對表2中資料之檢查可見,使用經氧化锆改質之催 化劑展示,較之催化劑前驅體,該改質實際上改良了催化 效能。使用氧化锆之改質以乙酸及C02之選擇率為代價提 高對於乙烯及CO之選擇率,若乙烯較之乙酸為更需要之 產物,則此改質為吾人所要。 使用氧化錯對催化劑前驅體進行改質通常可提高乙烷轉 化率。此夕卜,如圖1至圖2中所示,使用氧化錯對催化劑前 驅體進行改質通常可提高催化劑生產率。若考慮在各實驗 中使用相同之催化劑質量(其在改質催化劑之情況下意謂 較低量之”活性質量”),則該效應甚至更顯著。對於所引用 之實例而言,基於催化效能之樣品中氧化锆的最佳濃度為 1 2重量% Zr02。該實例具有最高乙烷轉化率及乙烯及乙酸 之最高時空產率(STY),且在所有溫度下生成最少量之 C02。12重量% Ζτ02為所檢查之最高含量。因為在此含量 下趨勢仍為升高,所以更高含量之Zr02可能會獲得甚至更 佳之效能。 使用二氧化鈦之改質 118392.doc 12 200803983 為當場生成二氧化鈦溶膠,選擇Ti(〇_iPr)4作為溶膠前 驅體衣備用於使用_氧化鈦對氧化反應催化劑前驅體進 行改質之懸浮液的程序與製備經氧化錯改質之催化劑之程 序相同。如上文中所述製備氡化反應催化劑前驅體。根據 由Martin參考文獻所提供之指示計算催化劑與水之比例以 及異丙知與Ti(0-iPr)4之比例。與氧化錯樣品不同,如
Martin所用之異丙醇並未由正丙醇代替。當計算出適當量 之異丙醇後’僅使用1/3之異丙醇體積,而剩餘之異丙醇 由水代# U四種不同樣品’以獲得按照Tic^計算處於 改質催化劑調配物總重量之6重量%至12重量%之多種量的 -一氧化欽併入(表3 )。 表3 在取終樣。。中多種二氧化鈦量情況下,用於製備改質催化 劑之化學品量。所有催化劑在改質前後均經锻燒。 在固定床反應器中測試經二氧化鈦改質之催化劑,以測 定對=氣相乙烧氧化以形成乙稀及乙酸之活性及選擇率。 在喷霧乾知方法中所獲得之粒度範圍内使用該等改質催化 劑。該等催化劑以7倍量之石英進行稀釋。 在表4及圖3至圖4中届· ^ m /- 口〒展不使用二氧化鈦改質之樣品的催 化效能。 118392.doc •13· 200803983 表4 較之未改質催化劑前驅體之經Ti02改質之催化劑的轉化率 (X)及選擇率(S)。反應器饋料:C2H6:02:N2 = 4(h8:52。P=16 巴。總饋料流量=1 6 Nml/min ;催化劑質量=200 mg。
Ti02/% T/°C X(C2H6) X(〇2) S(C2H4) S(HOac) S(CO) S(C〇2) 6 270 3,07% 32,54% 16,98% 57,71% 3,21% 21,95% 6 300 8,61% 86,66% 16,01% 52,25% 3,27% 28,35% 6 320 10,20% 100,00% 25,20% 42,34% 3,20% 29,22% 10 270 3,95% 44,85% 1,87% 62,37% 0,78% 34597% 10 300 9,38% 99,73% 9,46% 52,29% 3,32% 34,90% 10 320 9,85% 100,00% 18,46% 45,30% 3,57% 32,63% 12 270 3,53% 40,73% 1,38% 60,37% 0,60% 37,64% 12 300 8,79% 99,81% 6,41% 51,85% 2,55% 39,17% 12 320 8,78% 100,00% 10,54% 45,92% 2,44% 41,06% 〇(前驅體) 270 2,79% 27,43% 21,85% 55,92% 2,86% 19,19% 〇(前驅體) 300 8,98% 80,88% 21,98% 49,45% 2,51°/〇 25,94% 〇(前驅體). 320 10,01% 100,00% 24,14% 40,68% 1,96% 33,20% 較之經氧化鍅改質之催化劑,在相似條件下經二氧化鈦 改質之催化劑通常轉化較少乙烷且得到較少乙烯,但得到 較多乙酸及C02。然而,對於經二氧化鈦改質之催化劑而 言,較之未改質催化劑前驅體,在相等”活性質量”之基準 上乙烷轉化率較高。6重量%之Ti02樣品與催化劑前驅體 表現類似,且在必要時可為經氧化锆改質之催化劑之替代 品。如圖3至圖4中所示,該6重量%之Ti02樣品較之未改 質催化劑前驅體樣品通常具有較低乙烯STY及較高乙酸 STY 〇 使用氧化鋁之改質 為當場生成氧化鋁溶膠,選擇Al(OC4H9)3作為溶膠前驅 體。如上文中所述製造催化劑前驅體,煅燒之,接著根據 由Martin參考文獻所提供之指示計算催化劑與水之比例以 118392.doc -14- 200803983 及異丙醇與Al(OC4H9)3之比例。當計算出適當量之異丙醇 後,僅使用1/3之異丙醇體積,而剩餘之異丙醇由水代 替。形成四種不同樣品,以獲得處於改質催化劑調配物總 重量6重量%至12重量%範圍内之多種量的Al2〇3(表5)。 表5 在最終樣品中多種氧化鋁量情況下,用於製備經處理催 化劑之化學品量。樣品在改質前後均經煅燒。 實例 %Α12〇3 催化劑(g) 異丙醇(g) H2〇(g) Al(OC4H9)3(g) 5 6 5 1.102 13.916 1.305 6 8 5 1.501 14.93 1.778 7 10 5 1.919 15.994 2.272 8 12 5 2.355 17.103 2.788 在固定床反應器中測試經氧化紹改質之催化劑,以測定 對於氣相乙烷氧化以形成乙烯及乙酸之活性及選擇率。在 喷霧乾燥方法中所獲得之粒度範圍内使用該等改質催化 劑。該等催化劑以7倍量之石英進行稀釋。在表6及圖5至 圖6中展現經氧化紹改質之樣品的催化效能。 表6 較之未改質催化劑前驅體之經ai2o3改質之催化劑的轉 化率(X)及選擇率(S)。反應器饋料:C2H6:O2:N2=40:8:52。 P=1 6巴。總饋料流量=16 Nml/min ;催化劑質量=20〇111名。 A1203/% T/°C X(C2H6) X(02) S(C2H4) S(HOac) S(CO) S(C02) 6 270 2,61% 18,14% 65,76% 21,73% 2,14% 10,18% 6 300 7,05% 61,25% 39,09% 36,27% 1,82% 22,66% 6 320 9?51% 96,51% 24,91% 38,59% 1,41% 34,97% 8 270 2,61% 13,32% 75,36% 16,47% 2,13% 5?84% 8 300 6,73% 45,85% 53,11% 29,90% 238% 14,42% 8 320 10,22% 90,15% 38,07% 35,52% 2,07% 24,18% 10 270 5,11% 30,05% 68,02% 20,98% 2,80% 8,05% 10 3⑽ 12,49% 88,16% 52,37% 28,87% 3,22% 15,48% 118392.doc -15- 200803983 10 320 11,87% 100,00% 40,54% 33,27% 2,58% 23,42% 12 270 3,42% 18,86% 76,30% 15,91% 2,53% 5,07% 12 300 9,08% 59,23% 58,30% 26,80% 3,19% 11,58% 12 320 13,20% 98,05% 47,99% 29,94% 1 3 33% 18,62% 0(¾ .16 體) 1 270 卜 2,90% 28,05% 30,03% ^9,80% 2,67% 17,28% 〇(前驅體) 300 8,94% 82,78% 27,45% 45,43% 2,25% 24,76% 〇(前驅體) 320 9,97% 100,00% 26509% 39?10% 1,79% 33,00% 較之催化劑箣驅體,經氧化I呂改質之催化劑通常以對乙 酸及C〇2之選擇率為代價展示對乙烯之選擇率之提高。 改質劑之比較 使用處於6重量%至12重量%範圍内之氧化锆、二氧化鈦 或氧化鋁的催化劑前驅體進行改質對於該等催化劑之催化 效能具有積極影響。使用該等氡化物對氧化反應催化劑前 驅體進行改質並不損害選擇率或活性,且在某些狀況下可 觀測到改良之選擇率及活性。為獲得最大乙烷效率,發現 各組經處理催化劑之最佳載入量為12重量% Zr〇2、12重量 /〇 Α〗2〇3及6重Ti〇2。較之經氧化鋁處理之催化劑,氧 化锆催化劑具有較高乙烷轉化率及對於乙酸及之較高 選擇率。儘管較之經氧化鍅及氧化鋁處理之催化劑而言活 性及選擇率較低,然經6重量% Ti〇2處理之催化劑與前驅 體所起作用相彳《,且在必要時可為經氧化錯及氧化銘處理 之催化劑的替代品。 催化劑之分析 對於經氧化鍅、二氧化鈦或氧化铭改質之樣品之BET量 測(表7)展不,所有改質催化劑均具有高於催化劑前驅體之 BET表面積,且亦展示改質催化劑為中孔催化劑,具有約 100埃之平均孔徑(具有64·4埃之Al2〇3嵌入樣品除外)。 H8392.doc -16- 200803983 表7 較之催化劑前驅體之經Zr〇2、TiCb及Abo3處理之樣品 的BET量測(*分析吸附性N2)。 描述 BETKr/m2/g 12% Zr02 31.1 6%Ti02 20.7* 12ο/0Α12〇3 84.4* 前驅體 11·3 除BET量測以外,對各組中三種最佳改質催化劑進行 TEM/EDX表徵:12重量% Zr02、12重量% Al2〇3及6重量%
Ti〇2,且與催化劑前驅體進行比較。對於TEM表徵而言, 將樣品在瑪瑙研绰中研磨且隨後轉移至經喷碳花紋塗佈之 栅格。使用CM20顯微鏡(Philips)在200 kV下且藉*ρν 9900(EDAX)之能量分散式X射線分析進行穿透式電子顯微 鏡法(TEM)量測。進行EDX分析。在經氧化锆改質催化劑 中,以由氧化錘、鉬及釩組成之具有新組成之氧化物相之 外層覆蓋顆粒。在表8中展示該等球形催化劑顆粒之新外 層及内部之組成。 表8 藉由TEM/EDX測定而得之在改質後含有12重量% Zr〇2 之催化劑的組成
如表9中所示,對於經氧化鋁改質之催化劑亦可見覆蓋 催化劑顆粒之外層,其與經氧化錯改質之催化劑中之外層 (表8)組成類似。 118392.doc -17- 200803983 表9 藉由TEM/EDX測定而得之在改質後含有12重量% μ 〇 之催化劑的組成 元素/原子% V ~ Nb Mo Sb 外層 26.6 微量 18.1 最終’經二氧化鈦改質之樣品之ΤΕΜ結果展示球形催化 劑顆粒係部分由類似外層覆蓋。在表10中展示經二氧化鈦 改質之催化劑中外層之組成。 表10 之 藉由TEM/EDX測定而得之在改質後含有6重量❹4 丁沁 催化劑的組成 該等經處理之催化劑的TEM/EDX研究展示新相在球形 催化劑顆粒之外表面上之存在性。該新相更县多孔性,^ 包含存在於催化劑前驅體中之化學元素以及源自用於改質 之,奋膠之化學元素。既未發現該溶膠自身之純基質的存 ^ ’亦未發現僅包含源自該轉之元素的純殼。因此,該 顯微鏡法指出外層將具有"封裝,·試劑(在此情況下大體上將 :氧化I化紹或二氧化鈦)之組成的傳、统封裝係不存 在的。 〜儘2以上實例展示使用Zr〇2、Ti〇2&Ai2〇3之氧化物進 仃改質之結果,然其他合適氧化物在本發明中亦適用,諸 &氧化矽、P2〇5及Mg〇或其組合。本發明要求藉由所述 氧化物丽驅體或溶膠之處理來進行氧化物改質。 118392.doc 200803983
該等結果展示藉由本文中所述技術製備之催化劑相較於 催化劑則驅體可展示改良催化效能。該催化劑可用於烷烴 或烯烴氧化成有用產物,諸如上文中所述乙烷氧化成乙 烯。乙烷之氧化可在流化床反應器或固定床反應器中進 行氣心、原料(及與該原料氣體組合之任何再循環氣體)主 要含有乙烷’但可能含有一定量之乙烯,且以純氣體形式 或以與或多種其他氣體之混合物形式饋入反應器中。該 等其他氣體或載氣之合適實例為氮氣、甲烧、—氧化碳、 二氧化碳、空氣及/或水蒸氣。含有分子氧之氣體可為空 氣或具有高於或低於空氣之分子氧濃度的氣體,例如純氡 氣。該反應通常在约20(TC至約50(rc、較佳約2⑽。c至約 400°C下進行。氣壓可為大氣壓或超大氣壓,例如約!巴至 約5 0巴,較佳約1巴至約3 〇巴。 該氧化反應得到包括乙烯、乙酸、水、c〇x(c〇及 c〇2)、未反應乙烷及多種重副產物之氣體混合物。自反應 益流出之產物氣體較佳經過濾以移除催化劑微粒,接著將 其導引至再循環氣體洗務H中,其得到含有乙烯、乙烧及 C〇x之頂流。將該頂流自再循環氣體洗滌器導引至固定床 CO轉化器中’繼而進行自該頂流中移除c〇x之處理步驟。 接著將該流導引至乙烯純化塔中,該純化塔得到作為頂流 之產物乙烯及作為底流再循環至氧化反應器之乙烷。 來自再循環氣體洗務器之含有乙酸、水及重鶴分副產拍 之底流可如此項技術中已知般經純化以得到經純化之乙 酉义例如,可將該底流導引至乾燥塔中以移除水,接著導 118392.doc -19- 200803983 弓分塔以移除丙酸及其他高沸點組分。 仫官文所闡述之揭示内容係針對 前驅體之使用進彳+ & 乳化反應催化劑 程序可用於任何氧化及雇几 斤杈述之方法及 7乳化反應催化劑前驅體 中所述之催化㈣。 於本文 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示對於前驅體及征惫 、°工虱化錯處理之催化劑在二猶x 同溫度下之乙雄時空產率。 y隹—種不 ^展示對於前驅體及經氧化錯處理之催化劑在三種不 同溫度下之乙酸時空產率。 圖3展示對於前驅體及經二氧化鈦處理之催化劑在三種 不同溫度下之乙烯時空產率。 圖4展示對於如驅體及經二氧化鈦處理之催化劑在三種 不同溫度下之乙酸時空產率。 圖5展不對於前驅體及經ΑΪ2〇3處理之催化劑在三種不同 溫度下之乙'烯時空產率。 圖6展示對於前驅體及經Ah〇3嵌入之催化劑在三種不同 溫度下之乙酸時空產率。 該等圖式係關於使用本發明之改質催化劑的&烧氣相氡 化。本文中”前驅體"係指未改質催化劑。 118392.doc -20-
Claims (1)
- 200803983 十、申請專利範園: 1_ 一種用於製備適用於烷烴及/或烯烴氧化卜 劑的方法,其包含: 之氣化反應催化 a·形成氧化反應催化劑前驅體; 溶劑中調為漿 b.將該氧化反應催化劑前驅體在第一 料,以形成第一混合物; C.將氧化物前驅體以其溶膠或溶膠前 溶劑中混合,以形成第二混合物; "'於第- d.將該第一混合物及該第二八日 罘一 /吧〇物 合,以形成第三 混合物; e·乾燥該第三混合物以形成改質催化劑前驅體; ::烺燒該改質催化劑前驅體,其中形成該氧化反應催 化^ ’其具有一外層氧化物,該外層氧化物包含30元素 %至6〇凡素%源自該溶膠或該溶膠前驅體之元素及40元 素/〇至70元素%之釩元素及鉬元素或其組合。 2. 如請求1 $ 1之方法,其中該氧化物係選自由以下各物組 成之群· Zr〇2、Ti〇2、Al2〇3、Si〇2、P2O5、MgO及其組 合。 3. 月长項1之方法,其中該溶膠前驅體係選自金屬醇鹽 M(〇R)x之族,其中Μ係選自由△、们、a卜Si、Ρ及 4· ^群’且R為任意烷基或芳基部分。 求項1之方法,其中該溶膠係源自包栝水解硝酸氧 氧化氡鈦、鹼式氯化鋁、矽酸、磷酸或乙酸鎂之 ®前驅體。 118392.doc 200803983 5. 如 請求J| i 1之方法 ’其中該乾燥方 燥 、真空乾燥或噴霧乾燥組成之群。 6. 如 請求項 1之方法, 其中該催化劑為 化 劑。 7. 如 請求項 1之方法, 其中該氧化反應 器 中進行 〇 8. 如 請求項 1之方法, 其中該氧化反應 器 中進行 〇 法係選自由冷涂 9· 一種用 乾 應 應係在一固定床反應 ^於燒煙及/或稀煙催化氧化成有用產物的方法,其 月求項1之方法所製備之氧化反應催化劑的存 下,使烷烴及’或烯烴與含有分子氧之氣體在高溫下反 應0 δ亥金屬氧化物係選自由以下各 2、Α1203、二氧化矽、ρ2〇5 及 10·如請求項9之方法,其中 物組成之群:Zr02、Ti0 Mg〇及其組合。11 ·如睛求項9之方法 化劑0 其中該催化劑為混合金屬氧化物催 12.如請求頊$ >古、+ ^ 、心万法’其中該氧化反應係在一流化床反應 器中進行。 1 3 ·如請求頊9 >古、+ 只 < 万法’其中該氧化反應係在一固定床反應 器中進行。 14· |重用於垸經及/或歸煙氧化之催化劑組合物,其包含: a·氧化反應催化劑前驅體;及 b •源自’合私或溶膠前驅體之氧化物; II8392.doc 200803983 其中該氧化反應 素〇/至 化劑包含一外層,該外層包含3 0元 元素%源自該溶膠或溶膠前驅體之化學元素及 40元素%至70元素% 源自該氧化反應催化劑前驅體之化 學元素。 _ 15·如請求項14之組合物,其中該氧化反應催化劑前驅體包 • 含鉬。 E. ’ 1 6·如睛求項14之組合物,其中該氧化反應催化劑前驅體包 含飢。 118392.doc
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