200800004 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是一種多目的植栽基盤，可設置在屋頂上等的 水泥面、斜面、浪板屋頂、甚至壁面等處，是關於可種植 草坪、盆栽、甚至壁面用盆栽等的多目的植栽基盤。 【先前技術】 近年，持續推行綠化建築物的屋頂或陽台等處。關於 這種建築物屋頂綠化的先前技術，舉例有專利文獻1 (日 本特開2002-320408號公報），如圖12 ( a)所示，以使 用沸石等多孔質材料並具有保水性的方式所構成的植物栽 培用構造體31的表面上，藉著設置草皮層3 4，將植物的 根植入上述多孔質性材料之間而加以栽培者。 又，圖12(b)是表示專利文獻1(日本特開2002-320408號公報）之植物栽培用構造體3 i與其下方之基體 32的剖面圖，藉著在四邊具有立起片32a之可儲水的塑膠 或金屬容器等而成的基體32之上部處，注入作爲多孔質 材料之沸石並以高壓成形固化，而於植物栽培用構造體31 的裏側，基體32被一體固化而成者。 再者’如圖12 ( c )所示，在專利文獻1 (日本特開 20 02-3 20408號公報）之植物栽培用構造體31的上面（表 面）處’形成多數個凹部33，所以可以放入土與種子至各 個凹部3 3以栽培植物。 但是，上述專利文獻1 (日本特開2002-320408號公 (2)200800004 報）之植栽構造，因爲是 者，所以只能限定於栽植 樹木等。 又，已於植物栽培用 沒有固定該草皮層的手段 而以植栽網覆蓋多數設置 定的方法，但施工非常麻 更者，於壁面栽植相 時，將盆子向旁邊傾斜， 本發明是有鑒於上述 栽基盤，可輕易設置在屋 屋頂、甚至壁面等處，且 栽網，即可栽植草坪或花 【發明內容】 爲了達到上述目的， 具有藉由壓條所區隔之開 口側並且承受塡充於上述 上述壓蓋，爲在四邊角部 形，該壓蓋形成具有高度 孔用的多數個開縫和凹部 格子狀之上述壓條所隔開 之該開放窗置於下方再以 狀態，再於該壓蓋內塡充 使植物生根於沸石等多孔質材料 草皮等植物，而不能栽植花草或 構造體的表面設置草皮層時，並 ，爲了不使草皮層因風等飛走， 的草皮層整體，或也有以別針固 煩。 I物的方法，爲將此以盆栽進行 而會有盆內的土壤灑出的問題。 情況，目的是提供一種多目的植 頂上等的水泥地板、斜面、浪板 不需使用以往爲了防止飛散的植 草、樹木等。 本發明之多目的植栽基盤，是由 放窗的壓蓋，和支撐該壓蓋之開 壓蓋內之培養土的承盤所構成； 形成有螺絲孔的平面狀矩形或方 的側部，該側部處形成作爲透氣 ，更在該壓蓋之上面處形成有藉 之多數個上述開放窗，將該壓蓋 翻面後的草皮層堵塞該開放窗的 培養土；上述承盤，於外周具有 -5- (3) (3)200800004 立起框，該立起框具有嵌合於該壓蓋之外周的平面形狀及 內徑，利用於該立起框之內側處形成嵌合於上述壓蓋之凹 部的鉤部，並藉由於上述壓蓋之開口側蓋有該承盤的狀態 下再將該壓蓋側轉回正面，成爲以該壓蓋之壓條按壓在位 於該壓蓋內之培養土上的上述草皮層的狀態。 又，本發明之多目的植栽基盤，爲具有藉由壓條所區 隔之開放窗的壓蓋，和支撐該壓蓋之開口側並且承受塡充 於上述壓蓋內之培養土的承盤；設置具備有在收納於上述 壓蓋內之狀態下露出於上述開放窗側之植栽盆的植栽盆托 盤，將上述壓蓋之開放窗置於下方並以翻面後之上述植栽 盆托盤堵塞上述開放窗的狀態下，並於上述壓蓋內塡充培 養土，並藉由於該壓蓋之開口側蓋有上述承盤的狀態，再 將上述壓蓋側轉回正面，成爲以上述壓蓋之壓條按壓在位 於該壓蓋內之培養土上的上述植栽盆托盤的狀態，並且在 露出於該壓蓋之開放窗的上述植栽盆種植植物。 再者，本發明之多目的植栽基盤，爲具有藉由壓條所 區隔之開放窗的壓蓋，和支撐該壓蓋之開口側並且承受塡 充於上述壓蓋內之培養土的承盤；設置具備有在收納於上 述壓蓋內並露出於上述開放窗之植栽盆的植栽盆托盤’且 設置有安裝於該植栽盆托盤之植栽盆外側用以承受該植栽 盆內之培養土的口袋狀承土托盤，並更設置有將該承土托 盤保持於預定位置同時壓住壓蓋的網狀盤，藉由貫穿該網 狀盤、上述壓蓋與上述承盤的螺絲直接安裝於壁面’或夾 介已固定於壁面之金屬件來安裝。 -6 - (4) 200800004 更者，本發明之多目的 盤，沿上述壁面呈直立狀安 栽盆托盤上所設置的各植栽 側，呈傾斜狀設置使用感溫 吸水排水墊，同時於該植栽 置感溫性吸水排水墊，並於 水墊之位置，設置具備具有 管，使得從各給水孔所流出 吸水排水墊所吸收，且使沿 墊的傾斜面所流下之水分依 墊及培養土，而供給至各感 若根據本發明之多目的 盤可以進行草皮的種植，而 可以使用於盆栽，甚至，除 盆托盤、承土托盤與網狀盤 在上述本發明中，將多 植時，可成爲以壓蓋之壓條 盤，只要設置於屋頂或樓頂 草皮層是以壓蓋之壓條按壓 者，此種多目的植栽基盤， 防止飛散用的植栽網及壓住 減輕施工現場的勞力。 且，將本發明之多目的 基盤有厚度，所以可以於內 植栽基盤，係在多目的植栽基 裝狀態下的植栽基盤的上述植 盆，在沿著該各植栽盆外周下 性吸水排水性聚合物的感溫性 盆托盤的最上部處呈傾斜狀設 接觸該最上部之感溫性吸水排 多數個給水孔之水平管的澆水 之水分被上述最上部之感溫性 著該最上部之感溫性吸水排水 序經由下方的感溫性吸水排水 溫性吸水排水墊。 植栽基盤，藉由使用壓蓋與承 藉著於該組合設置植栽盆托盤 了上述組合外，藉著設置植栽 ，可以適用於壁面上的盆栽。 目的植栽基盤使用於草皮的種 按壓草皮層並一體化的植栽基 等即可藉草皮綠化。又，因爲 住，所以不會因風等飛走。更 現場施工容易，也不需要以往 草皮層的固定器具，可以大幅 植栽基盤使用於盆栽時，因爲 部塡充培養土，只要設置在屋 •7- (5) (5)200800004 頂或樓頂即可栽種多采多姿的植物，對屋頂或樓頂的美化 或創新很有效果。再者，藉著在盆栽種植培育種子和育 苗，可以作爲種植植物的植栽基盤來販賣，購買者僅需將 該基盤置於樓頂、陽台或屋頂等即可綠化屋頂，屋頂綠化 可變得簡單。 更者，將本發明之多目的植栽基盤使用於壁面用的盆 栽時，藉由在上述構件的組合設置承土托盤與網狀盤，可 以作爲壁面用植栽基盤倂用。而且，藉著承土托盤的各口 袋部可以防止盆栽內的培養土灑出，甚至可使橫向種植之 植物的莖在各口袋部的上緣向上方彎曲加以培育。 又，本發明不論種植草皮或盆栽任一種在如浪板屋頂 於有凹凸的屋頂時，可藉著將本發明之多目的植栽基盤以 螺絲或金屬絲固定而成爲安全的設置，使此種屋頂的綠化 成爲可能。 * 更者，在將本發明之多目的植栽基盤使用於壁面用盆 栽時，植栽盆托盤上所設置的各植栽盆，在沿著該各植栽 盆外周下側，呈傾斜狀設置使用感溫性吸水排水性聚合物 的感溫性吸水排水墊，同時於該植栽盆托盤的最I上部處呈 傾斜狀設置感溫性吸水排水墊，並於接觸該最上部之感溫 性吸水排水墊之位置，設置具備具有多數個給水孔之水平 管的澆水管，使得從各給水孔所流出之水分被最上部之感 溫性吸水排水墊所吸收，且使沿著該最上部之感溫性吸水 排水墊的傾斜面所流下之水分依序經由周圍的培養土，而 可以供給至下方的感溫.性吸水排水墊，藉此可以平均給水 -8- (6) (6)200800004 至各植栽盆·的周圍。 再者，上述的感溫性吸水排水墊’因爲在低溫下吸收 保持水分且在預定溫度（1 5 °c〜60 °c之間）放出水分’所 以例如在夜間或清晨的低溫狀態下’被吸收保持在感溫性 吸水排水墊的水，到了白天上升至預定溫度’則感溫性吸 水排水墊內的水分被排出到外部’變成對植物給水。因 而，利用澆水管的給水可以抑制到最小限量’只要每天或 每隔幾天進行給水，而在非澆水時，因爲從已達到預定溫 度的感溫性吸水排水墊供給水分’所以可以消除種植在本 發明之多目的植栽基盤的植物的水分不足。 【實施方式】 以下針對本發明之實施例參照圖面作說明。 實施例1 本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，如圖1 (a)〜（c)所表 示，係由具有藉由壓條2所區隔之開放窗3的壓蓋5’和 支撐該壓蓋5之開口側並且承受塡充於壓蓋5內之培養土 6的承盤7所構成，並將這些的組合使用於草皮層8的種 植。又，上述壓蓋5或承盤7可以藉由合成樹脂、或金屬 等形成。 更詳細敘述此種構成，壓蓋5的平面形狀爲矩形或方 形，並具有高度，上面處形成有藉由格子狀之壓條2所區 隔的多數開放窗3。該開放窗3爲對應於設置在後述之植 -9 - (7) (7)200800004 栽盆托盤9的植栽盆1 0的形成位置者，且壓條2以將各 個植栽盆1 〇從各開放窗3露出的方式加以形成。 再者，於該壓蓋5之側部處形成透氣孔用的多數開縫 1 1。各開縫1 1爲如後所述般，具有塡充於內部之培養土 6 不會灑出程度的縫隙者。 更者，在壓蓋5的四邊角部處，形成有螺絲孔1 2a用 以插通如後所述之長螺絲1 3。但是，僅將本發明之多目的 植栽基盤使用於草皮層8的種植時，不需要螺絲孔1 2a， 但藉著預先設置螺絲孔1 2a，可以倂用於實施例2的盆 栽，甚至是安裝於實施例3之壁面的盆栽。 另一方面，承盤7如圖1 (b)所表示，是支撐上述壓 蓋5之開口側並承受塡充於壓蓋5內之培養土 6者，具有 嵌合於上述壓蓋5之外周的平面形狀及內徑。又，如圖1 (c)所表示，承盤7的底面處具有撐底部7a，藉著外周 之立起框7b可以嵌合壓蓋5之開口側的外周。亦即，在 承盤7之立起框7b的內側處形成鉤部7d，並且對應於 此，於壓蓋5之側部處形成凹部5a，在將承盤7嵌入壓蓋 5之開口側時，承盤7的鉤部7d與壓蓋5的凹部5a嵌 合，壓蓋5與承盤7被固定爲一體。 再者，在承盤7的四邊角部處，形成有螺絲孔12b (參照圖7 )用以插通如後所述之長螺絲1 3。但是，該承 盤7的螺絲孔1 2b也與上述壓蓋5的螺絲孔1 2a相同，在 僅將多目的植栽基盤使用於草皮層8的種植時，並不需要 螺絲孔1 2b，但藉著預先設置螺絲孔1 2b，可以倂用於實 -10- (8) (8)200800004 施例2的盆栽，甚至是安裝於實施例3之壁面的盆栽。 對於使用此種壓蓋5與承盤7，以如圖2 ( a )及 (b)所示方式種植草皮層8’如圖3(a)所表不’是將 壓蓋5之開放窗3置於下方’並於其內部收納翻面後的草 皮層8。此時，草皮層8的面積全部覆蓋壓蓋5之開放窗 3側。如此一來，如圖3 ( b )所表示，以草皮層8堵塞壓 蓋5之開放窗3的狀態，可以於該壓蓋5內塡充培養土 6。接著，如圖3 ( c )所表示，成爲於壓蓋5之開口側蓋 有承盤7的狀態。此時，將承盤7之立起框7b的鉤部7d (參照圖1(c))嵌入壓蓋5的凹部5a，並將壓蓋5與 承盤7固定爲一體。 然後，如圖3 ( d )所表示藉著將壓蓋5之開放窗3側 轉回正面，如圖2(a)或（b)所表示，成爲以壓蓋5之 壓條2按壓住位於該壓蓋5內之培養土 6上的草皮層8的 狀態。藉此，內部之培養土 6塡充於承盤7與壓蓋5的內 部空間而不會灑出，而草皮層8的苗從壓蓋5之開放窗3 長出，且根部可以伸入培養土 6內並吸收培養土 6內的養 分或水分。 因而，依據本發明之多目的植栽基盤，如上述被收納 在翻面後之壓蓋5的草皮層8成爲塡充培養土 6時的承土 部，於該壓蓋5之開口側處蓋上承盤7之後，再藉著將壓 蓋5翻回正面，依據上述草皮層8於壓蓋5內位在培養土 6的上部’成爲以壓盍5之壓條2按壓住草皮層8的狀 態，可使草皮從壓蓋5之開放窗3向上方伸展。 -11 - (9) (9)200800004 再者，可使此種草皮層8的種植成爲可能的多目的植 栽基盤’可以設置在屋頂或樓頂的平坦面，更可以設置在 些微傾斜的面上，甚至是在浪板屋頂也可用螺絲等固定， 藉此可以利用於屋頂或樓頂的綠化。 作爲上述培養土 6，是於多目的植栽基盤的內部塡充 由浮石等而成的土壤，但因爲僅塡充浮石不能具有土壤的 保水性或保肥性等功效，所以混入椰殼纖維粉（coir dust)、巷土（bentonite)、椰纖（coco fiber)、發泡樹 脂、肥料等並壓縮，並具有不會從縫隙灑出的外徑，形成 粒狀、磚狀、九狀等的壓縮固定形體並混合。又，肥料不 '混合於壓縮固定形體，而是在浮石與壓縮固定形體的混合 時摻入即可。 實施例2 本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，爲將圖1 ( a )〜（c )所 表示之壓蓋5與承盤7使用於盆栽的情形，與實施例1同 樣結構的壓蓋5與承盤7之外，並具備有在收納於該壓蓋 5內之狀態下露出於壓蓋5之開放窗3側的植栽盆10的植 栽盆托盤9。且，該植栽盆托盤9也與壓蓋5或承盤7相 同’可以藉由合成樹脂或金屬等形成。 更詳細敘述此種結構，本實施例之植栽盆托盤9，是 藉著利用從圖1 ( a )所示之壓蓋5的壓條2所區隔之多數 開放窗3露出的位置上，形成植栽盆1 〇，如圖4 ( a )所 表示形成多數植栽盆1 〇，且壓蓋5之壓條2所在部位不設 -12- (10) (10)200800004 有開縫1 1，而以外的平板部9 a處設有多數開縫1 1作爲透 氣孔’又如圖4 ( b )所表示，植栽盆1 〇的側部處也設有 開縫1 1，可透氣及透水甚至也可使根部通過及伸長。 依據上述構成，如圖5(a)及（b)所表示，在已塡 充培養土 6之壓蓋5與承盤7的內部收納上述植栽盆托盤 9，可在各植栽盆1 0進行種植具有根部的植物4。在此種 植栽中，植物4的根部經由各植栽盆1 〇的開縫1 1可以伸 長至培養土 6內。 又，在屋頂綠化方面，必須要有阻根薄板，而承盤7 的底面具有阻根薄板的功效，所以在本發明並不需要阻根 薄板。再者，由上方所供給之水分經由培養土 6流至承盤 7的底面，但透過設置於承盤7的螺絲孔12b排出到外 部。如此被排出到承盤7外部的水分、及雨水、灑水等的 多餘水分，可以順利地流過藉承盤7之撐底部7a而形成 的承盤7之底部裡側空間。 使用上述之壓蓋5、承盤7與植栽盆托盤9，如圖5 (a )及（b )所表示進行盆栽時，以如圖6 ( a )所表示的 方式將壓蓋5之開放窗3置於下方，再於其內部收納翻面 後之植栽盆托盤9並以該植栽盆托盤9堵塞開放窗的狀 態，如圖6 ( b )所表示，於該壓蓋5內塡充與實施例〗中 所敘述相同的培養土 6，接著如圖6 ( c )所表示，成爲於 該壓蓋5的開口側蓋有承盤7的狀態。此時，將圖1 ( c ) 所表示之承盤7之立起框7b的鉤部7d嵌入壓蓋5的凹部 5a，將壓蓋5與承盤7固定爲一體。 -13 - (11) 200800004 然後，如圖6 ( d )所表示，藉著將壓蓋5之開放窗3 側轉回正面，如圖5 ( a )或（b )所表示，成爲以壓蓋5 之壓條2按壓住位於壓蓋5內之培養土 6上部的植栽盆托 盤9的狀態。 依據本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，如上述收納在翻面 後之壓蓋5內的植栽盆托盤9成爲塡充培養土 6時的承土 部，而於該壓蓋5之開口側蓋上承盤7之後，藉著將壓蓋 φ 5轉回正面，上述植栽盆托盤9於壓蓋5內位在培養土 6 的上部，並且以壓蓋5之壓條2按壓住該植栽盆托盤9的 狀態，並可在從該壓蓋5之開放窗3所露出的各植栽盆1 0 種植植物根部並使其朝上方伸展。 又，與實施例1同樣地，可使上述盆栽成爲可能的多 目的植栽基盤，可以設置在屋頂或樓頂的平坦面，更可以 設置在有些微傾斜的面上，甚至在浪板屋頂也可用螺絲或 金屬絲等固定而可利用於屋頂或樓頂的綠化。 實施例3 本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，是將圖1 ( a )〜（c )所 表示之壓蓋5與承盤7使用於沿著壁面呈直立狀安裝之盆 栽的情形，具有與實施例1相同結構的壓蓋5與承盤7之 外’也具有具備已收納於該壓蓋5內之狀態下露出於壓蓋 5之開放窗3側的植栽盆1 〇的植栽盆托盤9、和安裝於該 植栽盆托盤9之植栽盆1 〇外側並承受該植栽盆1 0內之培 養土 6的口袋狀的承土托盤15、和將該承土托盤15保持 -14- (12) (12)200800004 於預定位置並可壓住壓蓋5的網狀盤19。再者，這些承土 托盤15及網狀盤19，也和上述植栽盆托盤9、壓蓋5或 承盤7相同，可藉由合成樹脂或金屬等形成。 更詳細敘述此種構成，在本實施例之植栽盆托盤9， 與實施例2相同，如圖1 〇所表示，具備已收納於壓蓋5 內之狀態下露出於壓蓋5之開放窗3側的植栽盆1 0，並在 從利用壓蓋5之壓條2所區隔之多數開放窗3露出的位置 上形成植栽盆1 0，且於必要的地方設置多數開縫1 1。 再者，如圖7所表示，在植栽盆托盤9的四邊角部處 形成缺口凹部9b (參照圖4 ( a ))。此爲，對應於上述 壓蓋5與承盤7之四邊角部所形成之螺絲孔12a、12b的 位置而設置者，具有如後所述作爲插通於壓蓋5與承盤7 之螺絲孔1 2a、1 2b的長螺絲1 3 (參照圖1 0 )的墊片逃逸 間隙的功能。 承土托盤15，是安裝在上述植栽盆托盤9之植栽盆 1 〇外側並承受該植栽盆1〇內之培養土 6者。亦即，其形 狀爲對應於裝置在上述植栽盆托盤9之植栽盆10的橫一 列的數量者，如圖7所表示，例如植栽盆托盤9的橫一列 形成3個植栽盆1 〇時，承土托盤1 5的口袋部1 6也構成3 連。 又，如圖9所表不，因爲該承土托盤1 5被擋接於壓 蓋5之壓條2的上方，所以作爲壓條2的開角，於各口袋 部16、16之間與兩側處形成具有凹溝15a的突起部15b (參照圖7 )，由此承土托盤1 5的平板部1 5 c在已接合於 -15- (13) (13)200800004 植栽盆托盤9的狀態下被安裝。 更者，藉著讓該承土托盤15的各口袋部16具有超過 植栽盆托盤9之各植栽盆1 〇的球形直徑之高度，如圖1〇 所示將各植栽盆1 〇內之培養土 6以口袋部1 6承受，並以 口袋部1 6的上緣1 6a上壓種植在各植栽盆1 〇內之植物的 莖而可在使該莖朝上方生長的狀態下培育。 又，上述的網狀盤19，是爲了將上述承土托盤15保 持於預定位置並且壓住壓蓋5者。亦即，如圖8或圖9所 表示，網狀盤19，形成以從上方覆蓋上述壓蓋5之方式的 形狀，並且具有略爲對應於壓蓋5之開放窗3的開口窗1 7 (參照圖7 )，而區隔這些開口窗1 7的隔條1 8是以從承 土托癌1 5的各突起部1 5b之側邊壓入該承土托盤1 5之平 板部15c的方式而呈各2條的隔條18。 更者，如圖7所表示，在網狀盤19的四邊角部處形 成螺絲孔1 2c。各個螺絲孔1 2c形成在對應於設置在上述 壓蓋5與承盤7之四邊角部的螺絲孔12a、12b的位置 上，如圖1 0所表示，將從網狀盤1 9之螺絲孔1 2c插通之 長螺絲1 3插通於壓蓋5之螺絲孔12a與承盤7之螺絲孔 12b ’並在承盤7之撐底部7a的角部上所形成之缺口部7c 處將長螺絲13暫時以螺帽21連結，再將長螺絲13的多 餘長度插通至壁面20上以螺絲23等固定之金屬件24的 螺絲孔24a，再以螺帽22固定。 在使用上述壓蓋5、承盤7、植栽盆托盤9、承土托盤 15與網狀盤19，如圖10所示安裝於壁面20並進行盆栽 -16- (14) 200800004 中，與實施例2相同，以圖6 ( a )〜（d )所表示的步驟， 在已收納植栽盆托盤9之壓蓋5與承盤7之內部塡充培養 土 6並將壓蓋5與承盤7固定爲一體，在該狀態下之植栽 盆托盤9的各一橫列安裝承土托盤1 5，並從其上方蓋上網 狀盤1 9，在該狀態下於四邊角部之螺絲孔1 2插入長螺絲 13，並如上所述固定於壁面20的金屬件24。 此種爲了在壁面進行盆栽之多目的植栽基盤，是使用 實施例1的壓蓋5與承盤7，再加上使用實施例2之植栽 盆托盤9，並使用本實施例特有之承土托盤15與網狀盤 1 9並利用螺絲連結使其完成。 而且，本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，藉著將以上述方 式將各植栽盆1 0內之培養土 6以承土托盤1 5的口袋部1 6 承受而可以防止各植栽盆1〇內之培養土 6灑落，甚至將 種植在各植栽盆1 〇內之植物4的莖以口袋部16的上緣 16a上壓而可以使該莖朝上方伸展的方式培育。 實施例4 本實施例之多目的植栽基盤，與實施例3相同，爲使 用於將壓蓋5與承盤7沿著壁面20呈直立狀安裝的盆 栽，具有具備已收納在壓蓋5內之狀態下露出於壓蓋5之 開放窗3的植栽盆1 〇的植栽盆托盤9、具有安裝於該植栽 盆托盤9外側並承受該植栽盆1 〇內之培養土 6的口袋部 16的承土托盤15、和具有將該承土托盤15保持於預定位 置並按壓壓蓋5的網狀盤19。 -17- (15) 200800004 作爲此種構成之多目的植栽基盤的給水構造’沒有 示，但也考慮沿著承盤的底面設置保水墊’或設置具有 水裝置的導水墊等，但是將植栽基盤沿著壁面呈直立狀 裝，則設置在其內部的墊也變成垂直狀，若於此種墊從 方給水，則墊的含水率上部較小而下部變大，而會產生 上下排列種植之植物的給水無法平均的不便。甚至，從 方所給予的水因爲從下部排出，所以水的使用效率產生 費，變得不經濟。 本實施例，是即使在實施例3在將已設置具有多數 袋部16之承土托盤15的多目的植栽基盤沿著壁面20 直立狀安裝的情形下，也能對各植栽盆1 〇、1 〇…的周圍 均給水者。 亦即，其構成爲，如圖1 1 ( a )或（b )所表示，沿 面20呈直立狀安裝狀態下的植栽基盤的植栽盆托盤9 所設置的各植栽盆1 〇、1 〇…，在沿著該各植栽盆外周 側，將依據於氨基甲酸乙酯等使其含有感溫性之吸水排 聚合物而具有保水性與排水性的感溫性吸水排水墊28 傾斜狀予以設置，同時於該植栽盆托盤9的最上部處呈 斜狀設置感溫性吸水排水墊28a，並在接觸該最上部之 溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a的位置上設置具備具有多數給水孔 之水平管27的澆水管27。 針對此種構成更詳細說明’如圖1 1 ( b )所表示， 植栽盆托盤9形成直橫排列的多數植栽盆1 〇、1 0…，各 植栽盆1 〇形成朝承盤7之底面方向越窄的形狀。因而 圖 給 安 上 朝 上 浪 □ 呈 平 壁 上 下 水 呈 傾 感 26 於 個 -18- 200800004 (16) 在將植栽盆托盤9作爲直立狀的狀態下’藉著沿各植栽盆 1 0之外周下側設置感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 ’各感溫性吸水 排水墊2 8變成具有沿著變窄形狀之植栽盆1 〇外周的傾斜 面（朝各植栽盆1 0之開口側向下傾斜）。 但是，設置該感溫性吸水排水墊28所應呈的傾斜 * 面，爲感溫性吸水排水墊2 8內所保有的水以及從感溫性 之吸水排水聚合物所放出的水依據重力容易在墊內移動， ^ 且容易從下端流出，所以對於水平方向爲〇度以上的角 度，而該傾斜面對於水平方向最好爲5度〜30度的角度。 又，在本實施例中，於植栽盆托盤9的最上部處也呈 傾斜狀設置感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a。該最上部的感溫性吸 水排水墊28a，如圖11 ( b )所表示，藉著利用壓蓋5之 外周所具有的傾斜面以沿其內側的方式加以設置，而變成 於最上部的感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a也呈傾斜狀設置。但 是，在該最上部之感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a中，也與上述各 φ 感溫性吸水排水墊2 8相同，最好以具有5度〜3 0度的下傾 斜面來安裝。 再者，上述各感溫性吸水排水墊.2 8及最上部的感溫 性吸水排水墊2 8 a，爲如圖6所表示，於壓蓋5之內部塡 充培養土 6時安裝即可。亦即，如圖6(a)所表示，將壓 蓋5之開放窗3翻至下方，並於其內部收納翻面後之植栽 盆托盤9時，各植栽盆1 0變成將底部朝向上方設置的狀 態。 此時，在植栽盆托盤9呈直立狀的狀態下，沿著應成 -19- (17) (17)200800004 爲各植栽盆10之外周下側的部位添加感溫性吸水排水墊 28 (圖6中無圖示），又沿著壓蓋5之外周添加最上部的 感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a (圖6中無圖示），在該狀態下， 如圖6(b)所表示，藉著於壓蓋5內塡充培養土 6，各感 溫性吸水排水墊28、28a是以在各植栽盆10之外周下側 及植栽盆托盤9之最上部處具有傾斜面的狀態而予以安 裝。 更者，在本實施例中，如圖11(a)及（b)所表示， 構成在接觸最上部之感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a的位置上設置 具備具有多數給水孔25之水平管的澆水管27。且，對於 如此設置澆水管27，必須於壓蓋5或網狀盤1 9的預定位 置處設置貫通澆水管27的貫通孔29。又，各個澆水管27 連結至無圖示的集合管並依據給水裝置供給水分。 在上述構成中，澆水管27之水平管26的兩端被堵 塞，僅從多數給水孔25排出水分，而接觸此之最上部的 感溫性吸水排水墊2 8 a吸收從多數給水孔2 5所排出的水 分。 依據上述構成，從設置在澆水管27之水平管26的各 給水孔25所流出之水分被最上部之感溫性吸水排水墊28a 所吸收保持，並沿該最上部之感溫性吸水排水墊28a的傾 斜面而從其下端所流出之多餘水分介由周圍的培養土 6流 至下方植栽盆1 〇的周圍，並被吸收保持在設置在該植栽 盆1 0下側之感溫性吸水排水墊2 8，如此水分依序經由下 方的感溫性吸水排水墊2 8及培養土 6而供給至感溫性吸 -20- (18) (18)200800004 水排水墊28、28...。 再者，此種感溫性吸水排水墊2 8是沿著各植栽盆1 0 的下側設置，所以各植栽盆1 〇內之植物4的根部經由植 栽盆1 0的開縫1 1 (參照圖5 ( b ))附著於感溫性吸水排 水墊28，並可從該感溫性吸水排水墊28直接吸收水分。 在上述實施例4中，感溫性吸水排水2 8、2 8 a是於氨 基甲酸乙酯含有感溫性之吸水排水聚合物的吸水排水性 墊，具有在低溫下吸收保持水並且於預定的高溫度（15它 〜60 °C之間）下具有排水性之性質者，作爲此種物質，以 配合感溫吸水排水樹脂「THERMO GEL (感溫凝膠）」的 氨基甲酸乙酯墊，眾所週知有商品名「WATER BANK」 (株式會社興人）。 若使用如上述的感溫性吸水排水墊，例如夜間或清晨 低溫狀態下被吸收保持於感溫性吸水排水墊的水分，到了 白天上升到預定溫度時被排出並對植物給水。由此，可以 將依據澆水管的給水壓制到最小限度，所以只要每天或每 隔幾天進行給水，而在非澆水時，在達到預定溫度的時點 從感溫性吸水排水墊供給水分，可有效解除種植在多目的 植栽基盤之植物的水分不足問題。且，依據被種植在多目 的植栽基盤的植物，最好改變感溫性吸水排水墊的厚度， 或使用具有適合植物之感溫點的感溫性吸水排水墊。 [產業上的可利用性] 本發明之多目的植栽基盤，可以藉著使用壓蓋與承盤 -21 - (19) (19)200800004 進行草皮層的種植，而藉著於該組合中設置植栽盆托盤可 以使用於盆栽，更者，上述組合之外’藉著設置承土托盤 與網狀盤，可以使用於安裝在壁面的盆栽。因而，本發明 之多目的植栽基盤，藉著將壓蓋、承盤、植栽盆托盤、承 土托盤與網狀盤適當地組合，可以使用作爲多目的植栽基 盤。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1(a)爲本發明實施例1之壓蓋的平面圖；（b) 爲已於壓蓋安裝承盤的側面圖；（c)爲壓蓋與承盤的分 解剖面圖。 圖2(a)爲設置在本發明之實施例1的多目的植栽基 盤之草皮層的平面圖；（b )爲該側面圖。 圖3 ( a )〜（d )爲本發明之實施例1的多目的植栽基 盤的槪略組合施工圖。 圖4(a)爲使用於本發明之實施例2的植栽盆托盤的 平面圖；（b )爲該側面圖。 圖5(a)是表示利用本發明之實施例2的多目的植栽 基盤的植栽盆種植植物之情況的平面圖；（b )爲該部分 剖面側面圖。 圖6(a)〜（d)爲本發明之實施例2的多目的植栽基 盤的槪略組合施工圖。 圖7爲本發明之實施例3的多目的植栽基盤的分解平 面圖（依據構件表示其中一部分）。 •22- (20) 200800004 圖8是表不利用本發明之實施例3的多目的植栽基盤 種植植物之情況的正面圖。 圖9爲本發明之實施例3的多目的植栽基盤的部分剖 面圖。 圖1 〇是表示將本發明之實施例3的多目的植栽基盤 安裝於壁面之情況的部分剖面側面圖。 圖1 1是關於本發明之實施例4的多目的植栽基盤的 φ 圖；（a)是表示壓蓋上部的部分正面圖；（b)是表示已 將本實施例之多目的綠化基盤安裝於壁面之情況的剖面 圖。 圖12 ( a )〜（c )爲說明專利文獻1 (日本特開2〇〇2_ 320408號公報）的圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 2 :壓條 • 3 :開放窗 4 :植物 5 :壓蓋 5a :凹部 6 :培養土 · 7 :承盤 7 a :撐底部 7b :立起框 7c :缺口 -23- (21) 200800004 7 d ·夠部 8 :草皮層 9 :植栽盆托盤 9 a :平板部 I 〇 :植栽盆 II :開縫200800004 (1) IX. Description of the Invention [Technical Fields of the Invention] The present invention relates to a multi-purpose planting base plate which can be placed on a cement surface, a slope surface, a wave roof, or even a wall surface on a roof, etc. Multi-purpose planting trays for potted plants and even potted plants on the wall. [Prior Art] In recent years, the roof or balcony of green buildings has been continuously promoted. In the prior art of the roof greening of such a building, Patent Document 1 (JP-A-2002-320408), as shown in Fig. 12 (a), uses a porous material such as zeolite to have water retention. On the surface of the plant cultivation structure 31, the turf layer 34 is placed, and the root of the plant is placed between the porous materials to be cultivated. In addition, FIG. 12(b) is a cross-sectional view showing the plant cultivation structure 3i and the base body 32 below the patent document 1 (JP-A-2002-320408), and has a rising piece 32a on four sides. In the upper portion of the base 32 of a plastic or metal container for storing water, a zeolite as a porous material is injected and solidified by high pressure molding, and the base 32 is integrally solidified on the back side of the plant cultivation structure 31. In addition, as shown in Fig. 12 (c), a plurality of concave portions 33 are formed in the upper surface (surface) of the plant cultivation structure 31 of the patent document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 20-20-3020408). Soil and seeds are placed in each recess 3 3 to cultivate the plants. However, the planting structure of the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 (JP-A-2002-320408 (2) 200800004) is limited to planting trees and the like. In addition, in the plant cultivation method, a method of fixing the turf layer without fixing the turf layer is used, and the method of setting a large number of plants is used, but the construction is very numb, and when the phase is planted on the wall surface, the basin is tilted sideways, and the present invention is The above-mentioned planting base plate can be easily placed on the roof of the house or even on the wall surface, and the planting net can be used to plant the lawn or the flower. [Inventive content] In order to achieve the above object, the open side separated by the bead is attached and subjected to the The gland is formed in a quadrangular shape, and the gland is formed by a plurality of slits and a lattice shape of the bead having a height hole, and the open window is placed under the state, and then the pressure is applied. In the cap, the plant is rooted in a plant such as a porous material such as zeolite, and the turf layer is not allowed to be planted on the surface of the flower or the structure, and the turf layer is not caused by the wind or the like, or There are also troubles with pins. The method of the object is to cause the soil in the pot to be sprinkled by the potting. In order to provide a multi-purpose roofing, concrete floor, slope, and wave board, it is not necessary to use grasses and trees that have been used to prevent scattering. The multi-purpose planting base plate of the present invention is composed of a gland which puts the window and a retaining plate which supports the culture soil in the gland of the gland; a planar rectangular or square side portion formed with a screw hole, The side portion is formed as a gas permeable portion, and a plurality of the above-mentioned open windows are formed on the upper surface of the pressure cover, and the turf layer which is turned over by the pressure cover blocks the culture soil of the open window; the tray has the outer circumference -5- (3) (3) 200800004 The rising frame has a planar shape and an inner diameter fitted to the outer periphery of the gland, and is formed to be fitted to the gland at the inner side of the rising frame The hook portion of the recessed portion is rotated back to the front side by the opening side of the gland, and the press cover is pressed against the culture soil located in the gland by the bead of the gland The state of the above turf layer. Further, the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention is a gland having an open window partitioned by a bead, and a retainer supporting the open side of the gland and receiving the culture soil which is filled in the gland; a planting pot tray having a planting pot exposed on the open window side in a state of being housed in the gland, and the open window of the gland is placed below and blocked by the planting tray tray after the turning In the state of the open window, the culture soil is filled in the gland, and the gland side is turned back to the front side by the opening side of the gland, and the gland is replaced by the gland. The bead is pressed against the tray of the planting tray on the culture soil in the gland, and the plant is planted in the planting pot exposed to the open window of the gland. Furthermore, the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention is a gland having an open window separated by a bead, and a retainer supporting the open side of the gland and receiving the culture soil which is filled in the gland; Providing a planting tray tray having a planting pot housed in the gland and exposed to the open window, and providing a planting pot attached to the planting pot tray for receiving the planting pot a pocket-shaped soil holding tray for cultivating soil, and further provided with a mesh plate for holding the soil holding tray at a predetermined position while pressing the gland, by directly passing through the mesh plate, the gland and the screw of the above-mentioned retaining plate Mounted on the wall's or metal parts that have been fixed to the wall. -6 - (4) 200800004 In addition, the multi-purpose tray of the present invention is provided on each of the planting sides provided on the trays of the upright-shaped pots along the wall surface, and is provided with a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage mat in an inclined manner, and at the same time Planting a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad, and at the position of the water pad, providing a moisture-receiving pad and a culture soil having a tube so as to be absorbed by the water-absorbing drainage pad flowing out of each water supply hole, and flowing along the inclined surface of the pad However, if the multi-purpose disc according to the present invention can be used for turf planting, it can be used for potting, and even if the tray tray, the soil holding tray and the mesh tray are in the above-mentioned invention, it will be multi-planted. It is a beading plate with a gland. As long as it is placed on the roof or the top of the roof, the turf layer is pressed by the bead of the gland. This multi-purpose planting base plate prevents the planting net used for scattering and presses to reduce the labor on the construction site. Moreover, the multi-purpose base plate of the present invention has a thickness, so that the above-mentioned planting basin of the planting substrate in the multi-purpose planting base state can be implanted in the inner planting substrate, and the outer water absorption and drainage property along the outer periphery of the planting pots can be The uppermost portion of the temperature-sensitive basin tray of the polymer is inclined to contact the topmost temperature-sensitive water absorbing row. The water of the water pipe of the plurality of water-feeding holes is heated by the uppermost portion of the uppermost portion. The temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage sequence passes through the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage under the tempering water-absorbing drainage pad. The planting substrate can be applied to the potted wall on the wall by using the gland and the planting tray tray provided by the combination. The purpose of the planting substrate is to use the turf seed to press the turf layer and integrate the planting base, etc., and the turf can be greened. Also, because you live, you won't fly away because of the wind. It is easier to construct on site, and it does not need the fixing device of the previous turf layer. It can be used for potted plants when the planting base is used. Because the part is filled with culture soil, it can be placed on the roof or roof of the house. 7- (5) (5) 200800004 Planting a variety of plants can be very effective for the beautification or innovation of the roof or roof. Furthermore, by planting seeds and seedlings in potted plants, they can be sold as planting substrates for planting plants. The purchaser only needs to place the substrate on the roof, balcony or roof to green the roof, and the roof greening can become simple. Further, when the multipurpose planting substrate of the present invention is used for potting for wall surface, a soil carrying tray and a mesh disk can be provided in combination with the above members, and it can be used as a wall substrate. Moreover, the culture soil in the potted plant can be prevented from being sprinkled by the respective bag portions of the soil holding tray, and even the stem of the laterally planted plant can be bent upward by the upper edge of each pocket portion. Moreover, the present invention can be made into a safe installation by fixing the multi-purpose planting base of the present invention with screws or wires, regardless of whether the turf or the potted plant is placed on a roof having a concave or convex surface, such as a corrugated roof. Greening is possible. * In addition, when the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention is used for potting on a wall surface, each planting pot provided on the tray of the planting pot is placed obliquely along the lower side of the outer circumference of each planting pot. a temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage pad of the temperature sensitive water absorbing and draining polymer, and a temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage pad is disposed obliquely at the uppermost portion of the planting tray, and the temperature sensitive water absorbing water is contacted with the uppermost portion. The position of the drainage pad is provided with a water pipe having a horizontal pipe having a plurality of water supply holes, so that the water flowing out from each water supply hole is absorbed by the uppermost temperature sensitive water absorption drainage pad, and is made along the uppermost portion The water flowing down from the inclined surface of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad can be supplied to the lower temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad through the surrounding culture soil, thereby providing an average water supply -8- (6) (6) 200800004 To the surrounding of each planting pot. Furthermore, the above-mentioned temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 'because it absorbs moisture at a low temperature and releases moisture at a predetermined temperature (between 15 ° C and 60 ° C), so for example, at night or in the early morning low temperature state The water retained in the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad is absorbed, and when it rises to a predetermined temperature during the day, the moisture in the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad is discharged to the outside to become a water supply to the plant. Therefore, the feed water using the watering pipe can be suppressed to the minimum limit 'as long as the water supply is performed every day or every few days, and when the water is not watered, since the moisture is supplied from the temperature sensitive water absorption drain pad that has reached the predetermined temperature, it can be eliminated Plants grown on the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention have insufficient moisture. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Embodiment 1 A multi-purpose planting substrate of the present embodiment, as shown in Figs. 1 (a) to (c), is a gland 5' having an open window 3 partitioned by a bead 2 and supporting the gland 5 The open side is formed by a retainer 7 that is filled with the culture soil 6 in the gland 5, and a combination of these is used for the planting of the turf layer 8. Further, the gland 5 or the retainer 7 may be formed of synthetic resin, metal or the like. Having described this configuration in more detail, the flat shape of the gland 5 is rectangular or square and has a height, and a plurality of open windows 3 partitioned by the lattice-shaped bead 2 are formed on the upper surface. The open window 3 is a position corresponding to the formation of the planting pot 10 provided in the planting -9 - (7) (7) 200800004 tray 7 to be described later, and the bead 2 is used to remove each planting pot 1 The open window 3 is exposed to form. Further, a plurality of slits 1 1 for vent holes are formed at the side portions of the gland 5. Each of the slits 1 1 has a gap in which the culture soil 6 which is filled in the inside does not sprinkle as described later. Further, at the four corners of the gland 5, screw holes 12a are formed for inserting the long screws 13 as will be described later. However, when only the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention is used for the planting of the turf layer 8, the screw hole 12a is not required, but the screw hole 12 2a is provided in advance, and the potting of the embodiment 2 can be used, or even the installation. Potted on the wall of Example 3. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1(b), the retainer 7 is a support soil 6 that supports the opening side of the gland 5 and is filled in the gland 5, and has a fitting outer periphery of the gland 5. Plane shape and inner diameter. Further, as shown in Fig. 1 (c), the bottom surface of the retainer 7 has a bottom portion 7a, and the outer periphery of the opening side of the gland 5 can be fitted by the outer peripheral frame 7b. That is, the hook portion 7d is formed at the inner side of the rising frame 7b of the retainer 7, and correspondingly, the concave portion 5a is formed at the side portion of the gland 5, and when the retainer 7 is fitted into the open side of the gland 5 The hook portion 7d of the retainer 7 is fitted into the recess 5a of the cap 5, and the cap 5 and the retainer 7 are fixed integrally. Further, at the four corners of the retainer 7, a screw hole 12b (see Fig. 7) is formed for inserting the long screw 13 as will be described later. However, the screw hole 12b of the retainer 7 is also the same as the screw hole 12a of the gland 5, and when only the multipurpose planting substrate is used for planting the turf layer 8, the screw hole 12b is not required, but The screw hole 1 2b is set in advance, and it can be used for the potted plant of the example -10- (8) (8) 200800004, or even the potted wall mounted on the wall of the embodiment 3. For the use of the gland 5 and the retainer 7, the turf layer 8' is planted as shown in Figs. 2(a) and (b), as shown in Fig. 3(a), which is the open window 3 of the gland 5. Placed underneath and accommodates the turf layer 8 after the turn. At this time, the area of the turf layer 8 entirely covers the open window 3 side of the gland 5. As a result, as shown in Fig. 3 (b), the culture soil 6 can be filled in the gland 5 in a state where the turf layer 8 blocks the open window 3 of the cap 5. Next, as shown in Fig. 3 (c), the retainer 7 is covered with the retainer 7 on the opening side. At this time, the hook portion 7d (see Fig. 1 (c)) of the standing frame 7b of the retainer 7 is fitted into the recess 5a of the gland 5, and the gland 5 and the retainer 7 are fixed integrally. Then, as shown in Fig. 3 (d), by turning the open window 3 side of the gland 5 back to the front side, as shown in Fig. 2 (a) or (b), the bead 2 is pressed by the gland 5 The state of the turf layer 8 on the culture soil 6 in the gland 5. Thereby, the inner culture soil 6 is filled in the inner space of the retainer 7 and the gland 5 without spilling, and the seedling of the turf layer 8 grows from the open window 3 of the gland 5, and the root can be extended into the culture. The soil 6 absorbs the nutrients or water in the culture soil 6. Therefore, according to the multipurpose planting substrate of the present invention, the turf layer 8 which is accommodated in the flip cover 5 as described above becomes the soil holding portion when the culture soil 6 is filled, and is closed at the opening side of the gland 5. After the retainer 7 is turned over, the turf layer 8 is turned back to the front surface, and the turf layer 8 is pressed in the upper portion of the culture soil 6 in the gland 5 to press the turf layer 8 with the bead 2 of the press 5 The turf can be extended upward from the open window 3 of the gland 5. -11 - (9) (9)200800004 Furthermore, a multi-purpose planting substrate that makes it possible to plant such a turf layer 8 can be placed on a flat surface of a roof or a roof, and can be placed on a slightly inclined surface. Even on the roof of the wave, it can be fixed with screws or the like, so that it can be used for greening on the roof or the roof. The culture soil 6 is a soil which is filled with pumice or the like in the interior of a multi-purpose planting substrate. However, since the pumice-free pumice cannot have the functions of water retention or fat retention of the soil, it is mixed with coconut fiber powder ( Coir dust), bentonite, coco fiber, foaming resin, fertilizer, etc., and compressed, and has an outer diameter that does not spill from the gap, forming a granular, brick, nine-shaped compression Fix the shape and mix. Further, the fertilizer is not 'mixed in the compression-fixed body, but may be incorporated in the mixing of the pumice stone and the compression-fixed body. [Embodiment 2] The multipurpose planting substrate of the present embodiment is a gland 5 having the same structure as that of the first embodiment, in which the gland 5 and the retainer 7 shown in Figs. 1(a) to (c) are used for potting. In addition to the retainer 7 , a planting tray 11 having a planting pot 10 exposed to the open window 3 side of the gland 5 in a state of being housed in the gland 5 is provided. Further, the plant tray tray 9 is also formed in the same manner as the gland 5 or the retainer 7 by a synthetic resin, metal or the like. More specifically, the planting tray tray 9 of the present embodiment is formed by using a plurality of open windows 3 which are separated from the bead 2 of the gland 5 shown in Fig. 1(a). Planting pot 1 〇, as shown in Figure 4 (a), the majority of the planting pots are formed, and the part of the bead 2 of the gland 5 is not set to -12- (10) (10) 200800004 with slits 1 1 The outer plate portion 9a is provided with a plurality of slits 1 1 as venting holes. As shown in Fig. 4 (b), the side of the planting pot 1 is also provided with a slit 1 1 which is breathable and permeable. It is also possible to pass and elongate the root. According to the above configuration, as shown in Figs. 5(a) and 5(b), the planting tray tray 9 is housed in the inside of the gland 5 and the retainer 7 which have been filled with the culture soil 6, and can be placed in each planting pot 10 Planting plants with roots 4 is carried out. In this planting, the root of the plant 4 can be extended into the culture soil 6 through the slit 1 1 of each planting pot. Further, in terms of roof greening, it is necessary to have a root-resistant sheet, and the bottom surface of the retainer 7 has the effect of blocking the thin sheet, so that it is not necessary to block the thin sheet in the present invention. Further, the water supplied from above flows through the culture soil 6 to the bottom surface of the retainer 7, but is discharged to the outside through the screw holes 12b provided in the retainer 7. The moisture which is discharged to the outside of the retainer 7 and the excess water such as rainwater or water spray can smoothly flow through the bottom space on the bottom of the retainer 7 which is formed by the support bottom 7a of the retaining tray 7. When the above-mentioned gland 5, the retainer 7 and the planting tray 9 are potted as shown in Figs. 5(a) and (b), the gland 5 is opened in the manner shown in Fig. 6 (a). The window 3 is placed underneath, and the planting tray tray 9 after the turning over is stored therein, and the open window is blocked by the planting tray 11 as shown in FIG. 6(b), and the inside of the pressing cover 5 is closed. The culture soil 6 which is the same as that described in the Example is filled, and as shown in Fig. 6 (c), the retainer 7 is covered on the opening side of the gland 5. At this time, the hook portion 7d of the rising frame 7b of the retainer 7 shown in Fig. 1(c) is fitted into the recessed portion 5a of the cap 5, and the cap 5 and the retainer 7 are fixed integrally. -13 - (11) 200800004 Then, as shown in Fig. 6(d), by turning the open window 3 side of the gland 5 back to the front side, as shown in Fig. 5 (a) or (b), it becomes a gland The bead 2 of 5 presses the state of the planting tray 11 which is located in the upper part of the culture soil 6 in the gland 5. According to the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present embodiment, the planting tray tray 9 accommodated in the flip-top lid 5 is a soil holding portion when the culture soil 6 is filled, and the opening side cover of the gland 5 is provided. After the upper retaining plate 7, by rotating the gland φ 5 back to the front side, the planting pot tray 9 is placed in the upper part of the culture soil 6 in the gland 5, and the planting is pressed by the bead 2 of the gland 5. In the state of the tub tray 9, the plant roots can be planted in the respective planting pots 10 exposed from the open window 3 of the gland 5 and extended upward. Further, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the multi-purpose planting substrate which can make the above-described potting can be provided on the flat surface of the roof or the roof, and can be placed on some slightly inclined surfaces, and even on the roof of the wave can be used. Or wire or the like can be fixed and can be used for greening on the roof or the roof. [Embodiment 3] The multi-purpose planting base plate of the present embodiment is a case where the gland 5 and the retainer 7 shown in Figs. 1(a) to (c) are used for potting which is installed in an upright manner along the wall surface, and is implemented and implemented. In addition to the gland 5 and the retainer 7 of the same configuration, the planting basin 1 having the planting pot 1 露出 exposed on the open window 3 side of the gland 5 in a state of being housed in the gland 5 is also provided. 9. A pocket-shaped earth-moving tray 15 attached to the outside of the planting pot 1 of the planting pot tray 9 and receiving the culture soil 6 in the planting pot 10, and holding the soil holding tray 15 -14 - (12) (12) 200800004 The mesh disk 19 of the gland 5 can be pressed at a predetermined position. Further, these soil holding trays 15 and mesh trays 19 are also formed of synthetic resin, metal or the like in the same manner as the above-described planting tray tray 9, gland 5 or tray 7. In the same manner as in the second embodiment, the planting tray tray 9 of the present embodiment has the open window exposed to the gland 5 in a state of being housed in the gland 5 as shown in FIG. The planting pot 10 on the 3 side is formed with a planting pot 10 at a position exposed from a plurality of open windows 3 partitioned by the bead 2 of the gland 5, and a plurality of slits 1 1 are provided where necessary. Further, as shown in Fig. 7, a notch recess 9b is formed at the four corners of the plant tray 7 (see Fig. 4(a)). This is provided corresponding to the positions of the screw holes 12a, 12b formed by the four corners of the gland 5 and the retainer 7, and has screw holes inserted through the gland 5 and the retainer 7 as will be described later. 1 2a, 1 2b long screw 1 3 (refer to Figure 10) The function of the gasket escape gap. The soil-carrying tray 15 is attached to the outside of the planting pot 1 of the planting pot tray 9 and is subjected to the culture soil in the planting pot 1 . That is, the shape is corresponding to the number of the horizontal rows of the planting pots 10 of the planting trays 9 as shown in FIG. 7, for example, the horizontal rows of the planting trays 9 form three planting pots 1 At the time of 〇, the pocket portion 16 of the soil holding tray 15 also constitutes a triple connection. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 9, since the soil holding tray 15 is blocked above the bead 2 of the gland 5, as the opening angle of the bead 2, between the pocket portions 16, 16 and both sides The projection 15b having the groove 15a is formed (refer to FIG. 7), whereby the flat plate portion 15c of the soil holding tray 15 is joined to the -15-(13)(13)200800004 plant tray tray 9. Is installed. Furthermore, by having the pocket portions 16 of the soil holding tray 15 have a height exceeding the spherical diameter of each of the planting pots 1 of the planting trays 1, the planting pots 1 are placed inside the bowl as shown in FIG. The culture soil 6 is received by the pocket portion 16 and the stem of the plant planted in each planting pot 1 is pressed by the upper edge 16 6a of the pocket portion 16 and can be cultivated while growing the stem upward. . Further, the above-mentioned mesh disk 19 is for holding the above-described earth holding tray 15 at a predetermined position and pressing the gland 5. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 or FIG. 9, the mesh disk 19 is formed in a shape to cover the above-described gland 5 from above, and has an opening window 17 slightly corresponding to the open window 3 of the gland 5. Referring to Fig. 7), the spacers 18 which partition the opening windows 17 are pressed into the flat portion 15c of the soil holding tray 15 from the side of each of the projections 15b of the soil cancer 15b. There are two strips 18 each. Further, as shown in Fig. 7, screw holes 12c are formed at the four corners of the mesh disk 19. Each of the screw holes 12 2c is formed at a position corresponding to the screw holes 12a, 12b provided at the four corners of the gland 5 and the retainer 7, as shown in Fig. 10, the screw hole from the mesh disk 1 9 1 2c inserted long screw 1 3 is inserted through the screw hole 12a of the gland 5 and the screw hole 12b' of the retainer 7 and is long at the notch portion 7c formed at the corner of the support bottom 7a of the retainer 7 The screw 13 is temporarily coupled by the nut 21, and the excess length of the long screw 13 is inserted into the screw hole 24a of the metal member 24 fixed to the wall surface 20 by screws 23 or the like, and then fixed by the nut 22. The above-mentioned gland 5, the retainer 7, the planting tray tray 9, the soil supporting tray 15 and the mesh disk 19 are attached to the wall surface 20 as shown in Fig. 10, and potted-16-(14) 200800004 is used and implemented. In the same manner as in Example 2, in the steps shown in Figs. 6(a) to (d), the culture soil 6 is filled in the inside of the gland 5 and the retainer 7 in which the plant tray 7 has been stored, and the gland 5 and the retainer are placed. 7 is fixed in one piece, and the soil supporting trays 15 are attached to each of the rows of the planting trays 9 in this state, and the meshing trays 1 are covered from above, and the screw holes 1 in the four corners are in this state. 2 The long screw 13 is inserted and fixed to the metal member 24 of the wall surface 20 as described above. In order to carry out the multi-purpose planting substrate for the wall surface, the gland 5 and the retainer 7 of the first embodiment are used, and the planting pot tray 9 of the embodiment 2 is used, and the unique soil of the embodiment is used. The tray 15 and the mesh disk 19 are connected by screws to complete. Further, in the multi-purpose planting substrate of the present embodiment, the planting soil 6 in each of the planting pots 10 can be received by the pocket portion 16 of the soil supporting tray 15 in the above manner, thereby preventing each planting pot 1〇. The culture soil 6 inside is sprinkled, and even the stem of the plant 4 planted in each of the plant pots is pressed by the upper edge 16a of the pocket portion 16 so that the stem can be stretched upward. [Embodiment 4] The multi-purpose planting substrate of the present embodiment is the same as that of the third embodiment, and is a potted plant for mounting the gland 5 and the retainer 7 in a vertical direction along the wall surface 20, and has a housing that has been housed in the gland 5. In the state, the planting pot tray 9 of the planting pot 1 which is exposed to the open window 3 of the gland 5 has a pocket portion which is attached to the outside of the planting pot tray 9 and receives the culture soil 6 in the planting pot 1 The soil holding tray 15 of 16 and the mesh disk 19 having the holding tray 15 held at a predetermined position and pressing the gland 5. -17- (15) 200800004 The water supply structure of the multi-purpose planting base of this type is not shown, but it is also considered to provide a water retaining pad along the bottom surface of the retainer or to provide a water guide pad with a water device, etc. When the base plate is installed upright along the wall surface, the pad disposed inside the base plate also becomes vertical. If the pad is supplied with water from the square, the water content of the pad is smaller and the lower portion becomes larger, and the upper and lower rows are planted. The water supply of plants cannot be averaged inconvenience. Even if the water given by the slave is discharged from the lower part, the use efficiency of the water is expensive and becomes uneconomical. In the present embodiment, even in the case where the multi-purpose planting base plate on which the soil-carrying tray 15 having the plurality of pocket portions 16 is provided is installed upright along the wall surface 20 in the third embodiment, each of the planting pots can be 1 〇...The water is around the water. That is, as shown in Fig. 1 1 (a) or (b), the planting pots 1 and 1 provided in the planting tray tray 9 of the planting substrate in the upright state in the surface 20 are formed.感 , , 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感 感The heat-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 28a is disposed obliquely at the uppermost portion of the planting tray 11 and is provided with a plurality of water supply at a position contacting the uppermost temperature-absorbing water-absorbing drain pad 28a. The water pipe 27 of the horizontal pipe 27 of the hole. For the detailed description of this configuration, as shown in Fig. 1 1 (b), the planting trays 9 form a plurality of planting pots 1 〇, 1 0... arranged vertically and horizontally, and each planting pot 1 is formed toward the retaining tray 7 The shape of the bottom surface is narrower. Therefore, the figure is placed on the upper side of the wave. The flat wall is tilted up and down. 26 -18- 200800004 (16) In the state where the planting tray 1 is upright, by the planting pots 1 0 The temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad is provided on the lower side of the outer circumference. 2 8 ' Each of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pads 28 becomes an inclined surface having a peripheral edge of the planting pot 1 along the narrowed shape (opening toward each planting pot 10) Tilt down sideways). However, the inclined surface to be provided by the temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage pad 28 is provided, and the water retained in the temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage pad 28 and the water discharged from the temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage polymer are easily adjusted according to gravity. It moves in the pad, and it is easy to flow out from the lower end, so the angle in the horizontal direction is more than the angle of the twist, and the inclined surface is preferably an angle of 5 to 30 degrees in the horizontal direction. Further, in the present embodiment, the temperature-sensitive water absorbing and draining pad 28 8a is also provided in an inclined manner at the uppermost portion of the planting tray 1. As shown in Fig. 11 (b), the uppermost temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 28a is provided on the inner side by the inclined surface of the outer periphery of the gland 5, and becomes the uppermost portion. The temperate water absorbing drainage pad 2 8 a is also arranged in a slanting manner. However, in the uppermost temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 28a, it is also the same as the above-mentioned φ temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 28, and it is preferable to mount it with a down-tilt surface having 5 to 30 degrees. Furthermore, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing draining mats and the uppermost temperature-sensitive water-absorbing draining mats 28 8 a are provided as shown in FIG. 6 and can be installed when the inside of the gland 5 is filled with the culture soil 6 . That is, as shown in Fig. 6(a), when the open window 3 of the gland 5 is turned down, and the planting tray tray 9 after the turning is accommodated therein, the planting pots 10 become the bottom facing The status set above. At this time, in a state in which the planting tray 11 is in an upright state, a temperature-sensitive water absorbing drainage pad 28 is added along a portion of the outer circumference of each planting pot 10 along Ying Cheng-19-(17) (17) 200800004. (not shown in Fig. 6), the uppermost temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad 28 8 (not shown in Fig. 6) is added along the outer circumference of the gland 5, and in this state, as shown in Fig. 6(b) It is shown that, by cultivating the culture soil 6 in the gland 5, each of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pads 28, 28a has a slope at the outer periphery of each planting pot 10 and at the uppermost portion of the planting tray 7 Installed in the state of the face. Further, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11(a) and (b), a horizontal tube having a plurality of water supply holes 25 is provided at a position contacting the uppermost temperature sensitive water absorbing drain pad 28a. Watering pipe 27. Further, in order to provide the water pipe 27 in this manner, the through hole 29 penetrating the water pipe 27 must be provided at a predetermined position of the gland 5 or the mesh disk 19. Further, each of the watering pipes 27 is connected to a collecting pipe (not shown) and supplies water according to the water supply device. In the above configuration, both ends of the horizontal pipe 26 of the watering pipe 27 are clogged, and only moisture is discharged from the plurality of water supply holes 25, and the temperature sensitive water absorbing drainage pad 28 8 a which is in contact with the uppermost portion is absorbed from the majority of the water supply holes 2 5 discharged water. According to the above configuration, the water flowing out from the respective water supply holes 25 of the horizontal pipe 26 provided in the water pipe 27 is absorbed and held by the uppermost temperature sensitive water absorption drain pad 28a, and the temperature sensitive water absorption and drainage along the uppermost portion The excess water flowing out from the lower end of the inclined surface of the pad 28a flows through the surrounding culture soil 6 to the periphery of the lower planting pot 1 and is absorbed and held in the temperature lower than the lower side of the planting pot 10 The water-absorbing drainage pad 2 8 is supplied to the temperature-sensitive suction through the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad 28 and the culture soil 6 below. -20- (18) (18) 200800004 Water drainage pad 28, 28. .. Furthermore, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad 28 is disposed along the lower side of each planting pot 10, so that the root of the plant 4 in each planting pot 1 passes through the slit 1 of the planting pot 10 1 (refer to FIG. 5 (b)) is attached to the temperature sensitive water absorption drain pad 28, and water can be directly absorbed from the temperature sensitive water absorption drain pad 28. In the above-mentioned Embodiment 4, the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage water 28 8 , 28 a is a water-absorbing drainage pad containing a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage polymer in urethane, which has a water absorption and retention at a low temperature and is predetermined. It is known that it is a urethane mat of the "THERMO GEL" which is a water-absorbing and draining resin which is suitable for the temperature of the water at a high temperature (between 15 and 60 °C). There is a trade name "WATER BANK" (Xingren Co., Ltd.). If the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad as described above is used, for example, the moisture absorbed by the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drain pad at night or in the early morning low temperature state is discharged and water is supplied to the plant when it rises to a predetermined temperature during the day. Thereby, the feed water according to the watering pipe can be suppressed to a minimum, so that the water supply is performed every day or every few days, and when the water is not watered, the water is supplied from the temperature sensitive water-absorbing drain pad at the time when the predetermined temperature is reached. It can effectively remove the problem of insufficient water in plants planted on multi-purpose planting substrates. Further, depending on the plant to be planted on the multi-purpose planting substrate, it is preferable to change the thickness of the temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad or to use a temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad having a temperature point suitable for the plant. [Industrial Applicability] The multi-purpose planting substrate of the present invention can be planted by using a gland and a tray 21 - (19) (19) 200800004, and by planting in the combination The potting tray can be used for potting, and moreover, in addition to the above combination, by using a soil carrying tray and a mesh tray, it can be used for potting installed on the wall. Therefore, the multipurpose planting substrate of the present invention can be used as a multipurpose planting substrate by appropriately combining a gland, a tray, a planting tray, a soil tray and a mesh tray. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1(a) is a plan view of a gland according to a first embodiment of the present invention; (b) is a side view of a cap that has been mounted on a gland; (c) is an exploded section of the gland and the retainer Figure. Fig. 2 (a) is a plan view showing a turf layer of a multipurpose planting substrate provided in Example 1 of the present invention; (b) is a side view. Fig. 3 (a) to (d) are schematic sectional construction views of the multipurpose planting substrate of the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 4 (a) is a plan view of a plant tray used in Example 2 of the present invention; (b) is a side view. Fig. 5 (a) is a plan view showing a state in which plants are planted in a planting pot using the multipurpose planting substrate of Example 2 of the present invention; (b) is a side sectional view of the portion. Fig. 6 (a) to (d) are schematic sectional views showing the construction of a multipurpose planting substrate according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is an exploded plan view showing a multi-purpose planting base according to a third embodiment of the present invention (part of which is represented by a member). 22-(20) 200800004 Fig. 8 is a front elevational view showing a state in which plants are planted using the multipurpose planting substrate of Example 3 of the present invention. Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a multipurpose planting substrate of a third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing a state in which a multipurpose planting base according to a third embodiment of the present invention is attached to a wall surface. Fig. 11 is a view showing a φ diagram of a multipurpose planting substrate according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention; (a) is a front elevational view showing a portion of the upper portion of the gland; and (b) is a view showing that the multipurpose greening substrate of the embodiment has been mounted on the wall surface. A cross-sectional view of the situation. Fig. 12 (a) to (c) are diagrams for explaining a patent document 1 (JP-A-220-408408). [Description of main components] 2: beading • 3 : open window 4 : plant 5 : gland 5a : recess 6 : culture soil · 7 : retainer 7 a : brace bottom 7b : stand up frame 7c : notch -23- ( 21) 200800004 7 d · Enough 8 : turf layer 9 : Planting pot tray 9 a : Flat part I 〇: Planting pot II : Slotting
12a、12b、12c ：螺絲孔 13 :長螺絲 1 5 :承土托盤 1 5 a :凹溝 1 5 b :突起部 1 5 c :平板部 1 6 : 口袋部 1 6 a :上緣 17 :開口窗 1 8 :隔條 1 9 :網狀盤 20 :壁面 21 :螺帽 22 :螺帽 2 3 :螺絲 24 :金屬件 2 4 a :螺絲孔 25 :給水孔 -24 (22) 200800004 2 6 :水平管 2 7 :澆水管 2 8 :感溫性吸水排水墊 2 8 a :最上部之感溫性吸水排水墊 29 :貫通孔 -25-12a, 12b, 12c: Screw hole 13: Long screw 1 5: Bearing tray 1 5 a : Groove 1 5 b : Projection 1 5 c : Flat portion 1 6 : Pocket portion 1 6 a : Upper edge 17: Opening Window 1 8 : spacer 1 9 : mesh disk 20 : wall 21 : nut 22 : nut 2 3 : screw 24 : metal piece 2 4 a : screw hole 25 : water supply hole - 24 (22) 200800004 2 6 : Horizontal pipe 2 7 : Watering pipe 2 8 : Temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad 2 8 a : Uppermost temperature-sensitive water-absorbing drainage pad 29: Through-hole-25-