200526336 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於藉逆向擠壓進行鉬之冷成形。 【先前技術】 鉬由於其熱、電及化學性能之故而用於照明工程。其在 室溫條件下為—脆性材料，且其預成形產品與半成品通常 利用加熱而再整型。諸如用於照明工程之管或罩等由鉬製 成之加工件可於室溫下藉由深引伸而自薄板及帶材加工而 得。 預成形產品與半成品通常於加熱中再整型，即··絕大多 數適合於直接於燒結後再整型（US5，158,7〇9號專利），或於 電子束熔化之翻的條件下於熱熔接之後再整型，或埶 機械再^型（US5,〇51，139號專利）而再整型。此外然為' 防止當藉由施加張應力加工該材料時形成裂隙或斷口，但 是存在有冷再整型方法，其較佳地適宜於小尺寸加工件， 藉此銦可不完全再結晶。一般觀點認為該材料不必完全再 結晶，因為在處於再結晶軟化退火狀態下時使其再整型所 需之拉應力將導致該材料破壞（頸縮、裂隙等 而且’其中包括再整型、再結晶與交替回火之方 吾人所悉知（舉例言之，us 4，刚，446號專利卜 在内之λμ/，552，"6⑽利巾主張—種藉㈣用於包括銷 在内之脆性、再結晶後之或鬆他材料冷成形之方法。此方 法亦被稱為正向擠壓。 乃成此万 在仍3,552,996號專利所描述之方法中，主要焦點在於防 96014.doc 200526336 止在该擠壓杈上形成銳邊。這旨在防止再整型後張力傳遞 不連績。然而，其中所提出之方法僅在為TZM合金的情況 下得到實際應用，且其充其量可用於製造部分地無裂隙機 加工體（見實例）。 【發明内容】 本申睛案中描述一種藉逆向擠壓進行鉬之冷成形之方 ，。令人吃驚的是，儘管翻具有脆性，吾人發現該材料可 藉逆向擠壓再整型而無裂隙與斷口伴隨形成。在此擠壓方 法中能量係以壓縮應變之形式施加。在此步驟之前，為於 張力足夠低時通過該材料之降伏點，藉由熱處理使鉬完全 再結晶。再結晶係旨在消除先前由再整型所產生之任意及 所有晶格張力。然後儘管僅施加相對較低之力，但該材料 仍達到其降伏點。較佳於溫度在13⑼。c之上㈣在14〇代 之上（鉬之熔點為2623-5°C)進行再結晶。 因此，本發明係關於一種藉先進行完全再結晶而後再實 施逆向擠壓而進行錮之冷成形之方法。該方法較佳地以如 下方式實施： 在溫度高於1赋時’於一真空中或一保護氣體中完全 再結晶-具有直徑在該最終之成品的直徑範圍内之鉬絲， 且然後在-真空中或-保護氣體中進行冷卻。然後於室溫 下擠壓該再結晶後之材料之截面用以形成旋轉對稱之預製 部份（pre-made part)。 此方法之基本優點如下··首先，相較於深引伸而言可更 好地利用該材料；此外，有可能藉由逆向擠壓形成具有較 96014.doc 200526336 厚或異形底部之部份。該方法亦適用於其他脆性金屬或其 合金，舉例言之，鉻或鎢。 就工業規模而言，該方法可用於（舉例言之）製造用於照 明工程之翻罩。根據此方法製造之部份可用作傳導電流經 過玻堝或陶瓷燈泡之部份，且可用作ccFL(c〇i“ath〇de fluores-cent llghtlng，冷陰極榮光照明）或冷陰極燈（德語：200526336 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to cold forming of molybdenum by reverse extrusion. [Previous Technology] Molybdenum is used in lighting engineering due to its thermal, electrical and chemical properties. It is a brittle material at room temperature, and its pre-formed products and semi-finished products are usually reshaped by heating. Processed parts made of molybdenum, such as tubes or covers used in lighting engineering, can be obtained from sheet and strip by deep drawing at room temperature. Pre-formed products and semi-finished products are usually reshaped during heating, that is, most of them are suitable for reshaping directly after sintering (US Pat. No. 5,158,709), or under conditions of electron beam melting. Reshaping after thermal welding, or mechanical reshaping (US Pat. No. 5,051,139) and reshaping. In addition, it is to prevent the formation of cracks or fractures when the material is processed by applying tensile stress, but there is a cold reforming method, which is preferably suitable for small-sized processed parts, whereby indium can be incompletely recrystallized. The general view is that the material does not have to be completely recrystallized, because the tensile stress required to reshape it in a recrystallized softened annealing state will cause the material to break (necks, cracks, etc. and 'which includes reshaping, recrystallization What we know about crystallization and alternating tempering (for example, US 4, Gang, patent No. 446, λμ /, 552, " 6) Weapon claims—a kind of borrowing for sales including sales Brittle, recrystallized, or cold-formed material. This method is also known as forward extrusion. In this method, the main focus of the method described in the 3,552,996 patent is to prevent 96014.doc 200526336. A sharp edge is formed on the extruded fork. This is to prevent non-continuous tension transmission after reshaping. However, the proposed method is only practically used in the case of TZM alloy, and it can be used at best for manufacturing parts Ground-free machined body (see example). [Summary of the Invention] The present application describes a cold forming method of molybdenum by reverse extrusion. Surprisingly, despite the brittleness of the turning, I found that the material The material can be reshaped by reverse extrusion without the formation of cracks and fractures. In this extrusion method, energy is applied in the form of compressive strain. Before this step, in order to pass the material's drop point when the tension is low enough, Molybdenum is completely recrystallized by heat treatment. Recrystallization is designed to eliminate any and all lattice tensions previously produced by reshaping. Then, although only relatively low forces are applied, the material still reaches its drop point. It is better to recrystallize at a temperature above 13 ° C and above 140 ° C (the melting point of molybdenum is 2623-5 ° C). Therefore, the present invention relates to a method in which reverse re-extrusion is carried out by performing full recrystallization first. And the method of cold forming is carried out. The method is preferably implemented in the following way: completely recrystallized in a vacuum or a protective gas at a temperature higher than 1-having a diameter in the range of the diameter of the final finished product The molybdenum wire inside is then cooled in a vacuum or in a protective gas. Then a cross section of the recrystallized material is extruded at room temperature to form a rotationally symmetrical pre-made part. this The basic advantages of the method are as follows: First, the material can be used better than deep extension; in addition, it is possible to form a portion with a thicker or shaped bottom than 96014.doc 200526336 by reverse extrusion. The method It is also suitable for other brittle metals or their alloys, for example, chromium or tungsten. On an industrial scale, this method can be used, for example, to make flip covers for lighting engineering. Parts manufactured according to this method can be Used as a part for conducting current through glass pots or ceramic bulbs, and can be used as ccFL (c〇i "ath〇de fluores-cent llghtlng, cold cathode glory lighting) or cold cathode lamp (German:
Kaltkathodenlampen，KKL)中之發射電極。了面之具體實 施例更詳細地舉例說明本發明，且不限制其範圍。 、 術語"深引伸"表示藉由金屬片之張應力進行再整型用以 生成工心體，或自_具有較大圓周之空心體成形一具有 ，小圓周之空心體。加工過程中並不有意改變該金屬片之 厚度。首先’將預切割片放置於該容器中。然後一保持向 下之夹具將s亥片壓至該引伸模上’且因此防止在該深引伸 壓製㈣間形成權痕。該下降之引伸衝床將該片壓至該引 伸Ί 1因此將其成形為所要求之卫件。引伸比高時， α :右干步驟中實仃洙引伸。引伸比係該預切割金屬片之 直铋對忒工件之直徑之比值。該等深引伸步驟之間可包括 一中間退火步驟。 擠壓係一製造空心或實心體之冷成形方法。該緊密的預 材料或如擠壓成形中藉由—引伸機將其引伸經過一模 向）或.亥引伸機壓至該預備材料中而使該材料沿該引伸 r ° $與擠壓成形之差異在於加工溫度及在於擠 [成幵d系用於製造單個部份而非半成品擠壓產品，其使生 设雜形狀之產品成為可能。該方法之優點包括其工具成 960l4.doc 200526336 本低、工具壽命長及操作速率高（輸出率為大約每分鐘π一 15 0件）。表面品質優良且適於進一步進行表面處理。鋁合 金為主要之應用領域。 冷陰極燈與CCFL燈為利用在低壓下放電原理之榮光 燈。該放電激發稀釋混合氣體（舉例言之，Ar/Hg)。為游離 該混合氣體並使其能導電，最初向該管施加一高電壓，而 非加熱該等電極。該電能激發該等氣體原子，而該等氣體 原子於是以UV(紫外線）及可見光之形式發出過剩能量。在 該管内部一以磷為基礎之塗層將uv輻射轉化為可見光。該 等電極由财火金屬製成，通常由淘製成。由於翻之性能易 於發出電子，因此其尤其合適。利用交流電運行，該等電 極父替作為陰極與陽極而工作。 【實施方式】 藉由逆向擠壓在室溫、壓力為大約1500 MPa之條件下於 i力機上由1 mm之錮絲成形—罩，其中該_絲已在大 於1，40(TC時於-真空中再結晶並於—真空中冷卻。 此類罩可用作CCFL燈中之發射電極。 根據所描述之方法，該材料可完全再整型而無廢料產生。 通過根據圖1所示之此方法製造之-罩之顯微縱向截面 表明’此方法可用於製造無裂隙、旋轉對稱之機加工件。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1顯示根據本發明之方法製造之-鉬罩之縱向截面，比 例為50:1。 960l4.docKaltkathodenlampen, KKL). The specific embodiments described above illustrate the invention in more detail without limiting its scope. The term " deep extension " means reshaping by the tensile stress of the metal sheet to generate a core body, or forming a hollow body with a smaller circumference from a hollow body with a larger circumference. The thickness of the metal sheet was not intentionally changed during processing. First 'place the pre-cut sheet in the container. A downwardly held clamp then presses the wafer onto the extension die ' and thus prevents the formation of marks between the deep extension pressing bars. The lowered extension punch presses the sheet to the extension pin 1 and thus shapes it into the required guard. When the extensibility ratio is high, α: Extensibility in the right step. The extensibility ratio is the ratio of the straight bismuth of the pre-cut metal sheet to the diameter of the hafnium workpiece. An intermediate annealing step may be included between the deep extension steps. Extrusion is a cold forming method for making hollow or solid bodies. The compact pre-material is extruded through a die in an extruder, such as in extrusion molding) or .Hai extruder is pressed into the preparation material to make the material along the extension r ° $ and extrusion molding The difference lies in the processing temperature and in the extrusion process. It is used to make single-part rather than semi-finished products, which makes it possible to produce products with heterogeneous shapes. The advantages of this method include its low tool cost of 960l4.doc 200526336, long tool life, and high operating rate (output rate is approximately pi-150 pieces per minute). The surface quality is excellent and suitable for further surface treatment. Aluminum alloys are the main application areas. Cold cathode lamps and CCFL lamps are glory lamps that utilize the principle of discharging under low voltage. This discharge excites the diluted mixed gas (for example, Ar / Hg). To free the mixed gas and make it conductive, a high voltage was initially applied to the tube instead of heating the electrodes. The electrical energy excites the gas atoms, which then emit excess energy in the form of UV (ultraviolet) and visible light. A phosphor-based coating inside the tube converts UV radiation into visible light. These electrodes are made of fortune metal and are usually made of Amoy. It is particularly suitable because of its ability to emit electrons. Operating on alternating current, these electrodes work as cathodes and anodes. [Embodiment] By reverse extrusion under the conditions of room temperature and pressure of about 1500 MPa on the i-force machine from a 1 mm wire reel-cover, where the wire has been greater than 1,40 (TC at -Recrystallize in vacuum and cool in -vacuum. This type of cover can be used as the emitter electrode in a CCFL lamp. According to the method described, the material can be completely reshaped without waste. By using according to Figure 1 The micro-longitudinal cross-section of the cover made by this method indicates that 'this method can be used to produce crack-free, rotationally symmetric machined parts. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a molybdenum cover made according to the method of the present invention. , The ratio is 50: 1. 960l4.doc