TW200523434A - Energy attenuating safety system - Google Patents

Abstract

An energy absorbing system with one or more energy absorbing assemblies is provided to reduce or eliminate severity of a collision between a moving vehicle and a roadside hazard. The energy absorbing system may be installed adjacent various roadside hazards or may be installed on highway service equipment. One end of the system may face oncoming traffic. A collision by a motor vehicle with a sled assembly may result in shredding or rupturing of portions of an energy absorbing element to dissipate energy from the vehicle collision.

Description

200523434 (1) Nine, the invention belongs to the technical field of the invention. The present invention relates to an energy absorbing system, and more particularly to a maneuver that can be moved by tearing and breakage of certain parts of the energy absorbing element. An energy absorbing system for the severity of collisions between vehicles and dangerous objects. [Prior Art] A variety of impact reducing devices and energy absorbing systems have been used to prevent or reduce damage caused by collisions between a moving motor vehicle and various dangerous objects or obstacles. Conventional impact attenuating devices and energy absorbing systems, such as bump bumpers or collision barriers, include different types of energy absorbing elements. Some collision barriers absorb energy by inertial forces such as acceleration at impact such as materials. Other types of collision barriers contain rupturable components. Some of these devices and systems are developed for use on narrow roadside hazards or obstacles, such as at the end of a road barrier, at the end of a barrier extending along the edge of the road, and at the side of the road. Columns, bridge columns and septum islands. Such impact reduction devices and energy absorbing systems are provided to provide the effect of minimizing damage to the human body and damage to the vehicle or any structure or facility associated with the roadside hazard. An example of a general-purpose impact attenuating device is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,011,326, entitled Narrow Stationary Impact Attenuation System; U.S. Patent No. 4,3,52,484, entitled Shear Action and Compression Energy Absorber; )

US Patent No. 4,645,375 to Stationary Impact Attenuation System; U.S. Patent No. 3,944,1,87, to Roadway Impact Attenuator. An example of a particular type of energy absorbing system is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,928,928 to Guardrail Extruder Terminal and U.S. Patent No. 5,0,8,3,66, entitled Guardrail Extruder Terminal. An example of an energy absorbing system suitable for use with a highway guardrail system is shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,655,434, to the name of Energy Absorbing Guardrail Terminal, and U.S. Patent No. 5,957,435, entitled Energy-Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal and Method.

An example of an impact abatement device and an energy absorbing system suitable for use in a low speed moving or stationary highway maintenance vehicle is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,248,129, entitled Energy Absorbing Roadside Crash Barrier; U.S. Patent No. 5, entitled Vehicle Impact Attenuating Device No. 199, 755; U.S. Patent No. 4, 711, 481 entitled "Vehicle Impact Attenuating Device"; U.S. Patent No. 4,008,915, entitled Impact Barrier for Vehicles. Others are described in U.S. Patent No. 5,947,452, entitled Energy Absorbing Crash Cushion; U.S. Patent No. 6,5 3 6,9 5 8 to Absorbing System for Fixed Roadside Hazards. All of the aforementioned patents are cited as prior materials for this application. -5- 200523434 (3) The recommended method for evaluating the performance of various highway safety devices, including collision buffers, is provided in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 3 50. Collision bumpers are generally defined as a device designed to safely stop a striking vehicle within a relatively short distance. The collision buffer is further classified into "direction change type" and "non-direction change type" in NCHRP Report No. 3 50. The direction-changing collision damper is designed to pin and change the direction of the vehicle from the collision damper extending from the roadside dangerous object toward the nose or the end portion of the opposite traffic toward the downstream side. The non-directional change type collision damper is designed to contain and capture the vehicle that hits the nose from the collision damper toward the downstream side. Directional type collision bumpers are further classified into "gate" and "non-gate" devices. The ram collision damper is designed to allow a controlled penetration of the vehicle when it hits the nose of the bumper bumper and the starting point of the required length of the impact bumper (LON). The non-brace collision bumper is designed to have the ability to change direction over the entire length. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the teachings of the present invention, the disadvantages and limitations of the aforementioned conventional energy absorbing system and impact mitigation device can be increased. The amplitude is reduced or eliminated. One aspect of the present invention includes an energy absorbing system that is installed adjacent to a roadside hazard or a hazard located in a road to protect the occupant when the vehicle collides with the hazard. This system contains at least one energy absorption -6 - 200523434 (4)

The assembly' can consume energy from a vehicle that hits the end side of the system opposite the dangerous object. When a vehicle collides with the end of the energy absorbing system, 'at least one of the energy absorbing elements may be torn or destroyed' to consume kinetic energy from the vehicle and provide an acceptable range of deceleration' To minimize damage to vehicle occupants. Each energy absorbing assembly is set substantially perpendicular to the associated tearer. In some applications, each of the tearers is disposed substantially horizontally relative to the associated energy absorbing element. In other applications, each tearer is disposed substantially vertically relative to the associated energy absorbing element.

The technical advantages of the present invention include the provision of a relatively dense modular energy absorbing system suitable for use in protecting vehicles from a wide range of hazardous materials. Energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention can be manufactured at relatively low cost using conventional materials and processes well known in the highway safety industry. The resulting system combines energy absorbing techniques with high predictability and reliability in a novel structural design. Such a system can be easily repaired at a relatively low cost after being hit by a vehicle. A failure mechanism that moves a tearer that is substantially perpendicular to the solid plate includes a series of small pieces from the front of the tearer as the tearer passes longitudinally through the solid plate The solid plate is knocked out or torn apart or broken. In other applications, a tearer that is generally perpendicular to the solid panel will form a single linear break in front of the tearer as the tearer moves longitudinally through the solid panel. The ruptured material is bent along the tearer to one side or the other. The tearer and the interaction between the energy absorbing elements of the -7-200523434 (5) having the opening and the platform portion using the teachings of the present invention can provide a substantially uniform and reliable failure mode, each time in the tearer When an opening moves through the associated platform portion to another opening, it will restart once. According to another aspect of the present invention, the impact bumper may be provided with a tearer and one or more energy absorbing elements such that the impact damper tears or breaks certain portions of the at least one energy absorbing element. Performance and repeatability are optimized. Each of the energy absorbing elements has an alternately disposed platform portion and opening that cooperate to provide a safe and repeatable deceleration effect on the vehicle impinging on one of the side ends of the impact damper. The bumper bumper can include a softer first portion for absorbing impact from a small, lightweight vehicle or a slow moving vehicle. The bumper bumper can have an intermediate portion with one or more energy absorbing elements and associated openings and platform portions. The size of the openings and platform portions can vary along the length of each energy absorbing element to provide an optimum deceleration effect on the impacting vehicle. The bumper bumper can have a third or last portion with one or more energy absorbing elements and associated openings and platform portions designed to absorb impact from heavy, high speed vehicles in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. The present invention can also reduce the number and length of energy absorbing elements used to dissipate energy from the impacting vehicle by varying the size of the opening, the spacing of the platform or section between the openings, and the thickness of each energy absorbing element. In some applications, two or more energy absorbing elements may be stacked relative to each other to form an energy absorbing assembly. Other technical advantages of the present invention include the provision of a relatively low impact collision buffer of the NCHRP Report No. 350, including the Test Level 3 specification, as well as other types of safety systems, as well as other types of safety systems. A safety system having an energy absorbing assembly using the teachings of the present invention is suitable for use in harsh weather conditions and is insensitive to cold and moisture. This system can be easily installed, used, inspected and repaired. This system can be installed on new or existing asphalt or concrete pavements. A modularized safety system using the teachings of the present invention eliminates or substantially reduces field assembly operations of the impact attenuating device and energy absorbing components. Easy-to-replace parts make it quick and easy to repair after a potentially safe collision and side impact. Removing material that is prone to damage or easy to bend allows it to minimize any damage to the system from harmful and lateral impacts. Advantages of the present invention include a modular energy absorbing system that can be used with permanent roadside hazards or easily moved from a temporary location (first construction area) to another temporary location ( Second construction area). Safety systems using the teachings of the present invention can also be installed on trucks or other types of highway maintenance facilities. The technical advantages of the present invention also include the provision of one or more energy absorbing assemblies with their respective energy absorbing elements positioned substantially in a horizontal position. Thus, the energy absorbing element can be easily replaced or repaired after the vehicle has hit an associated bumper or other energy absorbing system. Energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention can have energy absorbing assemblies configured in different versions. In some applications, there is only a single column of energy absorbing assemblies next to the hazard. In other applications, there may be three or more columns of energy absorbing assemblies. In addition, each of the columns can be - 9 - 200523434 (7) with only a single energy absorbing assembly, or with multiple energy absorbing assemblies. The present invention also allows for an improved energy absorbing system to minimize the potential for injury to fixed or unsecured occupants in a wide variety of vehicles traveling at different speeds. An energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can be easily repaired after being impacted by a vehicle. The energy absorbing element can be placed in a horizontal position and securely coupled to other components of the energy absorbing system with a minimum number of mechanical fasteners. For example, a single bolt and associated nut can be used to provide the holding force or structural strength of three or four bolts and associated nuts. Therefore, the energy absorbing element can be replaced more quickly and easily after the vehicle is hit. The sheets bonded to the sides of the energy absorbing system can be replaced more quickly and easily after the vehicle has hit. In some applications, it uses an easily replaceable module to tear the energy absorbing element to dissipate the energy of the vehicle's impact. Each module can include a bolt or other type of blunt tearer that can be easily replaced. The present invention does not have any type of cutting instrument or sharp edge. The energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can be installed in a modular unit and can be removed as a modular unit after a vehicle impact and replaced with a new modular unit. [Embodiment] The present invention and its advantages will be better understood by referring to Figs. 1 to 17 of the drawings, and the same reference numerals will be used to represent the same or corresponding in the drawings. Components. -10- 200523434 (8)

The terms "longitudinal", "longitudinal" and "linear" are used primarily to describe the orientation or movement of the associated components of an energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention that are oriented substantially parallel to the vehicle (not Shows the direction of the direction of travel on the relevant road. The terms "lateral lateral" and "lateral lateral" are in principle used to describe the orientation or movement of the associated components of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention as being substantially perpendicular to the vehicle (not shown). The direction of the direction of travel on the relevant road. Certain components of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention may be disposed at an angle or abduction relative to the direction in which the vehicle travels on adjacent roads. The term "downstream side" is used in principle to describe a movement that is approximately parallel to and approximately in the same direction as the movement of the vehicle's vehicle. The term "upstream side" is used in principle to describe a movement that is approximately parallel to and approximately opposite to the direction of movement of the vehicle as it travels. The terms "upstream side" and "downstream side" may also be used to describe the position of a component within an energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention relative to another component.

The terms "tear, tear, break, and rupture" are used in principle to describe the tearer engaging certain portions of the energy absorbing system in accordance with the teachings of the present invention to consume the energy of the impacting vehicle. The terms "tear, tear, break, and rupture" can also be used to describe the total result of tearing, shredding, and breaking through portions of the energy absorbing element without cutting the energy absorbing element. U.S. Patent No. 4,65, 434, entitled Energy Absorbing Guardrail Terminal, and U.S. Patent No. 5,95,43,5, entitled Energy Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal and Method, are shown by being placed in spaced apart openings. The material between -11 - 200523434 (9) is torn to absorb the kinetic energy of the impacting vehicle. The words “triangular zone” and “triangular zone” are used to describe the areas where two roads are separated or joined together. The triangle is usually surrounded by the two sides of the edge of the road that joins at the point of separation or meeting. Traffic flow on these two roads is usually the same direction. The triangular area may include a road surface between the shoulders or the road. The third or third side boundary of the triangular area is sometimes defined as approximately sixty (60) meters from the point where the road is separated or merged. The term “roadside dangerous goods” is used to describe permanently fixed roadside hazards. A column, or a septum island, such as a large sign post, bridge, or elevated road. Roadside hazards may also include temporary construction areas located beside roads or between two roads. Temporary construction areas may include various types of facilities or vehicles associated with road maintenance or construction. The term “roadside hazard” may also include any other structure that has a triangular area or is located next to the road and poses a hazard to the incoming traffic. The terms “hazardous” and “dangerous things, etc.” are used to describe both roadside hazards and hazards on the road, such as slow moving vehicles or facilities, and vehicles and facilities that do not move. Examples of such hazards include highway safety trucks and facilities used to construct, maintain and repair related roads. The components of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can be made from structural steels commercially available. Examples of such materials include steel bars, steel plates, structural steel pipes, structural steel forming products, and galvanized steel. Examples of structural steel forming articles include W-shaped steel, HP-shaped steel, steel beams, grooves -12-200523434 (10) steel, T-shaped steel, and angle steel. Structural angles have legs of equal or unequal width. The American Institute of Steel Construction has published details of various types of structural steel materials that are commercially available for use in the manufacture of energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention.

In some applications, the components of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can be fabricated from composite materials, concrete, and any other material suitable for use in highway highway safety systems. The invention is not limited to energy absorbing systems made using steel materials. Any combination of metal alloys, non-metallic materials, and the like suitable for use on highway safety systems can be used to make energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention. In some applications, the energy absorbing element using the teachings of the present invention can be made of mild steel.

Energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c that use the teachings of the present invention are sometimes referred to as collision bumpers, collision barriers, or roadside protection systems. The energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 2 0 b and 20 c can be used to minimize the impact of collisions between motor vehicles (not shown) and various types of hazards. The energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b and 20c and other energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention can be used as a permanent facility or in a temporary construction area or use. The energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c are sometimes referred to as non-gate type direction changing type collision dampers. The energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c and other energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention can meet or even exceed the Test Level 3 specification of the NCH RP Report No. 350. -13- 200523434 (11) Now, for the energy absorbing system 20 shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, the energy absorbing system 20a shown in Fig. 4C and Figs. 5 and 6 The energy absorbing system 20b, and the energy absorbing system 20c shown in Figs. 1 to 15 and the like, illustrate various features of the present invention. Various types of tearers, energy absorbing assemblies, etc., using the teachings of the present invention, can also be used in conjunction with energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c. The invention is not limited to the tearers 1 16 and 2 16 , the energy absorbing assemblies 86 and 286, or the associated energy absorbing elements 1〇〇, i〇〇a, l〇〇b, 100c and 100d Wait. In some applications, the energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c are configured as individual modular units. In addition, the various components or subsystems of each energy absorbing system can be installed or removed as separate modules. For example, in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, the energy absorbing assemblies can be arranged in a row to engage the crossbars and guardrails. The basic model thus obtained can be placed next to the dangerous object. The slab support frame and the slabs can also be fabricated and assembled into a modular version, or a series of modules that can be transported to a construction site for installation on the associated basic module. The slide assemblies 40, 40a, 40b and 40c can also be assembled and transported to the construction site in a single module format. The tear-off device made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention can also be provided as a replaceable module. The energy absorbing systems 20 and 20a can include a slide assembly 40. The energy absorbing system 20b can include a slide assembly 40b. The energy absorbing system 2〇c may include a slide table assembly 40c. The first end 41 of each of the slide assemblies 40, 40b, and 4〇c substantially corresponds to the first of the associated energy absorbing systems-14-200523434 (12) 20, 20a, 20b, and 2〇c End 21. The materials used to make the slide assemblies 40, 40b, and 40c are preferably selected such that the slide assemblies 4, 40a, 40b, and 40c remain unchanged after being impacted by a high speed vehicle.

The size and structure of the first end 41 of the slide table assemblies 40, 40b, and 40c, which are partially formed by the corner posts 42 and 43, the top pull bar 141 and the bottom pull bar 5 i, may be selected to be graspable. Or combined to impact the vehicle. During a collision between the motor vehicle and the first end 21 of the energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c, kinetic energy from the colliding vehicle is transmitted from the first end 4 i to the associated slide assembly 40. 4 0 b or 4 0 c on other components. The end 41 1 may also be sized and configured to be capable of striking the center of the first end 41 when the vehicle is not impacting, or the longitudinal axis of the vehicle being non-parallel to the associated energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c. When the angle hits the end 41, the kinetic energy is still effectively transmitted.

Each of the plates 160 may be coupled to the side of each of the table assemblies 40, 40b, and 40c to extend from the associated first end 41. To illustrate the various features of the present invention, the panel 160 of Figure 5 is shown cut away from the sides of the slide assembly 40b. In Figs. 10 and 11, the plate 160 on one side of the slide table assembly 40c has been removed. The roadside dangers 310 shown in Figures 4A, 4C, and 5 may be concrete barriers that extend along the edges or sides of the road (not shown). Roadside hazard 3 1 0 may also include concrete barriers extending along the middle of the two roads. Roadside hazard 3 1 0 can be a permanent facility or a temporary facility associated with the construction site. Although concrete obstacles or other disturbances located beside the road or in the road can be moved at any time -15-200523434 (13) and removed, the roadside dangerous goods 3 1 0 are sometimes described as "fixed" Obstacle, or "fixed" interference. Energy absorbing systems that use the teachings of the present invention are not limited to use with concrete barriers. An energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can also be installed next to various types of dangerous objects facing the opposite traffic.

Examples of tearers and energy absorbing assemblies using the teachings of the present invention are shown in Figures 1 through 3. The energy absorbing assembly 8 6 is sometimes referred to as a "box beam" as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The energy absorbing assembly 86 includes a pair of support beams 90 which are spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction. Each of the support beams 90 has a substantially C-shaped or U-shaped cross section. Support beam 90 is sometimes also referred to as channel steel.

The C-shaped cross-section of each of the support beams 90 may be disposed to face each other to form a slightly rectangular cross-section for receiving each energy absorbing assembly 86. The C-shaped cross-section of each of the support beams 90 is formed in part by the webs 92 and the flanges 94 and 96 extending therefrom. A plurality of holes 98 are provided in the flanges 94 and 96 to bond the plurality of energy absorbing elements 100 to the energy absorbing assembly 86. In some cases, the support beam or channel 90 has a total length of about eleven inches, while the web has a width of about five inches and a flange height of about two inches. A plurality of fasteners can be inserted into the holes 98 in the support beam 90 and in the corresponding holes 080 provided in the energy absorbing element 1 to properly fit the energy absorbing element 100 to the support beam 90. In the embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, the fasteners 103 preferably extend through the respective holes 1〇8 of the energy absorbing element 100 and the respective holes 98 in the flanges 94 and 96. The fastener 103 can be selected to be -16-200523434 (14) so that the energy absorbing element 100 can be easily replaced after the motor vehicle hits the end of the associated energy absorbing system.

One requirement for incorporating the energy absorbing element 100 onto the support beam 90 is that an appropriate size tear zone π 8 as shown in Fig. 3 must be placed between the support beams 90 for accommodating the associated tear. 1 1 6. In some applications, the combination of long and short bolts is quite suitable. In other applications, the mechanical fastener can be a threaded blind rivet and associated nut. Many types of blind rivets, bolts, and other types of fasteners are suitable for use in the present invention. An example of such a fastener can be obtained from Huck International, Inc., Thomas 6 of Irvine, California, 9 2 7 1 2 - 2585. Power tools suitable for mounting such blind rivets are also available from Huck International and other suppliers.

For the embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, it is provided with a single energy absorbing element 100 only on the flange 94 on one side of the energy absorbing assembly 86. In some applications, another energy absorbing element 100 can also be placed on the flange 96 on the other side of the energy absorbing assembly 86. In other applications, a plurality of energy absorbing elements 100 and dividers (not shown) may be provided on one or both of the flanges 94 and 96. A series of holes or openings 1 1 0 are provided substantially along the longitudinal centerline of the energy absorbing element 100. The opening or hole 110 may also be referred to as a perforation. In some applications, the opening 110 has a generally circular shape with a diameter of about one inch. Preferably, the openings 1 10 are spaced apart from each other with a respective platform portion or section portion 112 therebetween, as shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The spacing between adjacent holes 110, the diameter of the holes 1 1 ,, and the associated -17-200523434 (15) platform portion or segment portion 1 1 2, etc., may be varied in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. To control the force or ability to move the tearer 1 16 through

In the absence of the opening 1 1 0, the force required to move the tearer 1 16 through the energy absorbing element 1 will vary depending on the type of damage mechanism. The damage mechanism associated with the movement of the tearer 1 1 6 through a solid panel is varied along the length of the solid panel. The presence of the opening 1 1 〇 and the segment portion 1 1 2 can improve the accuracy of the repeatability and energy absorption when the tearer 1 16 moves longitudinally through the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇. The shape and size of the opening 110 and the segment 1 1 2 can be varied in accordance with the teachings of the present invention to provide the energy absorption characteristics required for the associated energy absorbing assembly. For example, the opening 11 〇 can be a slightly circular, elliptical 鬓, long groove, rectangular, star or any other suitable geometric shape.

In some applications, the opening 11 区段 and the segment portion 11 2 can have substantially the same dimensions along the length of the energy absorbing element 100. In some applications, the size of the opening 110, or the size of each section 112, is not fixed for providing a "softer" deceleration at the beginning of the vehicle collision related energy absorbing assembly, and then related The intermediate portion of the energy absorbing element 100 provides a strong deceleration or enhanced energy absorption. The last portion of the energy absorbing element 100 provides less deceleration or less energy absorption because the speed of the striking vehicle has slowed. Alternatively, it does not have to be separate, but can be connected by slots (not shown). When the tearer 1 16 moves through the opening 1 16 and the associated slot, the energy -18-200523434 (16) absorbing element 100 separated by the slot connecting the opening 11 将 can block the tear The movement of the diffuser 1 16 . The tearer 1 1 6 will bend or otherwise deform the slot on the energy absorbing element 100 for absorbing and diverging energy.

The number of energy absorbing elements 100 and their length and thickness can be varied depending on the desired use of the resulting energy absorbing assembly. Increasing the amount of energy absorbing the assembly, increasing their thickness and increasing the length will cause the resulting energy absorbing assembly to diverge a larger amount of kinetic energy. An advantage of the present invention is that the geometry and number of openings 1 10 and section 1 1 2 can be varied, and appropriate materials can be selected based on the desired use of the resulting energy absorbing assembly. The energy absorbing element 100 and other components of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention can be galvanized to ensure that they retain the tensile strength they desire and are not subject to their relevance. The energy absorption system is affected by environmental conditions such as rust or corrosion during use.

In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 3, 5 and 6, each of the tearers 1 16 is disposed adjacent the end of the energy absorbing assembly 86. As will be explained in more detail later, a pair of tearers 116 are incorporated on the slide assembly 40b in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. In some applications, the tearer 1 16 can be disposed substantially horizontally relative to the slide assembly 40b and its associated road (not shown). Each of the energy absorbing elements 1 〇 and associated slots 1 92 are substantially vertically disposed relative to the respective tearer 1 16 and associated road. Preferably, each of the tearers 116 is sized to be spaced from the end of the energy absorbing element 100 at a location adjacent the respective tearer 116, and between the associated support beams 90. The tearing area 1 1 8 is compatible with -19-200523434 (17). These dimensions are selected to allow the tearer 1 16 to be longitudinally slidable between the flanges 94 and 96 of the adjacent support beam 90. In some applications, the notch 1 0 2 at the first end 1 0 1 is placed along the centerline of the energy absorbing element 100, and the width is about three-quarters of an inch. Six miles.

The diameter of the tearer 1 16 may be smaller than the diameter of the opening 110. But it must be the case. The diameter of the tearer 1 16 may be the same as or even greater than the diameter of the opening 1 1 〇. In some applications, the tearer 116 can be a bolt having a diameter of about half inch and a length of about twelve inches. The dimensions of the tearer 116 and associated energy absorbing element 1 can vary depending on the amount of kinetic energy to be consumed by the energy absorbing assembly 86.

The material used to make the tear diffuser 1 16 can be used to make the material of the associated energy absorbing element 100. In some applications, the tearer 116 can have a minimum Rockwell hardness of C39. Different shapes of the tearer, such as a cylindrical rod having a slightly circular cross section, or a rod having a slightly square or rectangular cross section (not shown), etc., may also be suitable for use in the energy absorbing assembly of the teachings of the present invention. usage of. In some applications, the energy absorbing assembly 86 is substantially stationary or fixed, and its associated tearer 1 16 moves along the longitudinal direction through the opening 1 1 0 and the segment 1 1 2. Absorb energy from a self-impacting vehicle. In other applications (not shown), the tearer 1 16 is held stationary, and the associated energy absorbing assembly 86, including the opening 1 1 〇 and the segment 1 丨 2, is oriented along the longitudinal direction. The torsion device 1 16 moves to absorb energy from the striking vehicle. -20- 200523434 (18)

The energy absorbing element 1 提供 can provide deceleration characteristics for specific vehicle weights and speeds. For example, in the first few miles of the approximate energy dissipator assembly 86 moving through the associated energy absorbing assembly 86, a two-stage stopping force can be provided for a vehicle weighing approximately 820 kilograms. The remaining travel of the tearer 1 16 through the associated energy absorbing assembly 86 provides a stopping force for a larger vehicle weighing approximately 2,000 kilograms. The change in position, size, shape and number of energy absorbing elements 100 allows the energy absorbing assembly 86 to provide a safe deceleration effect for vehicles weighing between 820 kg and 2,000 kg.

Table 4 A shows that the energy absorbing system 20 is in the first position and extends from the road side dangerous object 3 1 0 along the longitudinal direction. The slide assembly 40 slidably disposed at the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20 is sometimes referred to as an "impact slide." Notches 126 are provided for receiving respective tearers 116 when the slide assembly 40 is mounted and aligned with the energy absorbing element 1''. Preferably, the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 2 including the first end 41 of the slide assembly 40 faces the opposing traffic. The second end 22 of the energy absorbing system 20 is securely coupled to the end of the roadside hazardous material 3 1 面向 facing the opposite traffic. The energy absorbing system 20 is generally mounted in its first position, while the first end 21 is spaced apart from the second end 22 along the longitudinal direction, as shown in Figure 4A. The plurality of sheet support frames 60a-60e are spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction and are slidably disposed between the first end 21 and the second end 22. The sheet support frames 60a-60e are sometimes also referred to as "frame assemblies." The number of such plate support frames can vary depending on the length of the energy absorbing system required. Multi-21 - 200523434 (19) The sheet piece 160 is bonded to the slide table assembly 40 and the sheet support frames 60a-60e. Sheet 160 is sometimes also referred to as a "fender" or "fender sheet." An example of a sheet support frame suitable for use with energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b, and 20c is shown in Figure 16.

When the vehicle hits the first end 2 1 of the energy absorbing system 20, the table assembly 40 will move substantially toward the roadside hazard 3 1 0 along the lengthwise direction. The energy absorbing assembly 86 (not shown in Figures 4A and 4B) absorbs energy from the striking vehicle during this movement. The relative movement between the plate support frames 60a-60e and the associated plates 160 also absorbs energy from the vehicle striking the first end 21.

Figure 4B is a schematic view showing the slide assembly 40, as well as the plan view of the sheet support frames 60a-60e and their associated sheets 160蹋. The movement of the slide assembly 40 further toward the roadside hazard 310 will be blocked by the panel support frames 60a-60e. The position of this energy absorbing system 20 shown in Figure 4B may be referred to as the "second" position. In the case where most of the vehicles impinge on the end 2 1 of the energy absorbing system 20, the slide assembly 40 will typically only follow the first position shown in Figure 4A and the first position shown in Figure 4B. A portion of the distance between the second positions is moved. The slab support frames 60a-60e, associated slabs 160, and other components of the energy absorbing system 20 will cooperate to change the direction of the vehicle striking either side of the energy absorbing system 20 back to the associated road. in. Each of the panels 1 60 is bonded to the table assembly 40 and preferably extends over a portion of the panel 160 that is bonded to the panel support frame 60a. In the same manner, the sheet 160 bonded to the sheet support frame 60a is preferably extended to cover a portion of the sheet 160 joined to the sheet support frame 60b by -22-200523434 (20). A variety of components within the energy absorbing system 20 provide substantial lateral lateral support for the slab support frames 60a-60e and slabs 160.

The first end 161 of each panel 1 60 is securely bonded to the slide assembly 40 or to a suitable panel support frame 60a-60d. Each of the panels 160 can also be slidably coupled to one or more of the downstream side panel support frames 60a-60e. The upstream side panel 160 is overlaid on the downstream side panel 160 to allow the panels 160 to be nested or nested together as the panel support frames 60a-60e slide toward each other. The slab support frames 60a-60e and a subset of the slabs 160 may be combined to form a single gauge group or a double gauge group.

For purposes of illustration, the second end 162 of each upstream side panel 160 shown in Figures 4A and 4B is in a laterally convex portion where it overlaps the associated downstream side panel 1 60. A considerable distance. The slabs 1 60 can be closely nested together to minimize the amount of lateral lateral projections at the second end 1 62 that would impact the energy absorbing system 20 at a reverse angle in the vehicle. On one side, the hook is hooked to the vehicle. Fig. 4C is a schematic view showing the energy absorbing system 20a positioned in the first position, which extends from the roadside dangerous object 310 along the longitudinal direction. The energy absorbing system 20a has a first end 2 1 facing the opposing traffic and a second end 22 firmly bonded to the roadside hazard 310. The energy absorbing system 20a also has a slide table assembly 40, plate support frames 60a-60g, and individual plates 160. The sheets 160 that extend along the two sides of the energy absorbing systems 20 and 20 a have substantially the same structure. However, the length of the sheet 1 60 may vary depending on whether the sheets are "single-spaced sheets" or "double-spaced sheets" according to -23-200523434 (21). For purposes of illustration, "gauge" refers to the distance between two adjacent slab support frames 60a-. The length of the plate 160 as a "double-spaced plate" is set such that it can span the distance between the three plate support frames when the energy absorbing systems 20 and 20a are in the first position. . For example, the first end 161 of the dual gauge panel 160 is preferably securely coupled to the upstream side panel support frame 60. The second end 162 of the dual gauge panel 160 is preferably slidably coupled to the downstream side panel support frame 60c. The other panel support frame 60b is slidably coupled to the double gauge panel 160 between the first end 161 and the second end 162. When the slide table assembly 40 hits the plate support frame 60a, which then touches the plate support frame 60b, and then 60c, etc., the plate support frames 60a-60g and the joined plate 160 will face the road side. The dangerous object 310 is accelerated. The inertia of the slab support frames 60a-60g and the associated slab 160 can help decelerate the impacting vehicle. When the slab support frame of the single-interval group is encountered, the single-spaced group will be bonded to its own associated slab 160, and thus will have considerable inertia. In order to mitigate the deceleration of the impacting vehicle, it is preferable to provide a set of double-interval groups on the downstream side of each single-interval group. When the slide assembly 40, or one or more of the panel support frames pushed by the slide assembly 40, contacts the first panel support frame in the double gauge group (eg, the panel support frame) At 60d), the inertia will be the same as the inertia of the single-spaced group, or slightly larger (because of the longer plate 1 60). However, when the second plate support frame (for example, the plate support frame 60 e) in the double-24 - 200523434 (22) gauge group is touched, the second plate support frame 60 will It has a lower inertia because it is slidably coupled to the associated plate 160. Therefore, the deceleration can be reduced.

The energy absorbing system 20a has the following group of gauges: 2-2-1-2-2, where "2" represents a double gauge and "" represents a single gauge. Starting from the slide assembly 40 and moving toward the roadside hazard 31, the energy absorbing system 20a will have a double gauge group (if the slide assembly 40 itself is considered a gauge) and another double spacer Group, a single-space group, followed by a double-space group and another double-space group.

The energy absorbing system 20b shown in Figures 5 and 6 includes a slide assembly 40b and a plurality of energy absorbing assemblies 86 aligned along respective alignments 188 and 189, which are self-contained 3 1 0 extends substantially along the longitudinal direction and is substantially parallel to each other. Compared to the slide table assembly 40, the slide table assembly 40b has a modified structure. In some applications, guard rails 208 and 209 may be incorporated on energy absorbing assembly 86. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the energy absorbing assembly 86 can be secured to each other by a plurality of cross braces 24. The combination of the cross bracing 24 and the energy absorbing assembly 86 results in an energy absorbing system 20b having a relatively solid frame structure. Therefore, the energy absorbing system 20b will be more able to safely absorb the impact energy of the motor vehicle that hits the slide assembly 40b at a position offset from the center of the tip end 21, or is not parallel to the energy absorbing assembly. The angle impacts the impact energy of the motor vehicle on the end 2 1 . -25- 200523434 (23)

As shown in Fig. 5, a nasal mask 83 may be provided at the first end 21 of the slide assembly 40b adjacent to the energy absorbing system 20b. The nasal mask 83 is substantially a rectangular piece of flexible plastic material. The opposite side edges of the nasal mask 83 are joined to the opposite side edges of the slide assembly 40b at the end 41. The nasal mask 8 3 may include a plurality of mountain-shaped lines 84 for the vehicles facing each other to see the dangerous objects 310 in the near side. On the slide assemblies 40, 40b and 40c, and on either side of the energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b and 20c, different types of nasal masks can be installed, Reflector or warning device.

In some applications, each of columns 188 and 189 may contain two or more energy absorbing assemblies 86. The energy absorbing assembly 8 6 in column 1 8 8 is spaced apart from the energy absorbing assembly 86 in column 1 89 along the lateral sides. The energy absorption assembly 8 6 can be firmly bonded to the concrete base 3 0 8 on the front side of the roadside dangerous object 3丨〇. Each of the energy absorbing assemblies 8 8 8 and 189 has a respective first end 187, substantially corresponding to the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20b. The first end 41 of the slide assembly 40b is also positioned beside the first end 187 of the columns 1 8 8 and 189 prior to the impact of the vehicle. A pair of ramps 32 are provided at the end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20b to prevent small vehicles or vehicles having low ground clearance from directly striking the first ends 187 of the columns 1 8 8 and 189. The same slope 3 2 is also shown in the first Figure at the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20c. If the ramp 3 2 is not set, a small vehicle or a vehicle with a low ground clearance will touch one or both of the first ends 187, and experience a strong deceleration, which will cause a vehicle Serious damage, or damage to the vehicle -26- 200523434 (24). A variety of types of ramps and other structures can be used to ensure that the vehicle striking the end 2 of the energy absorbing system 20b will properly touch the slide assembly 40b without directly touching the columns 188 and 189. One end is 1 8 7 . Each ramp 32 can have a leg portion 34 that is provided with a tapered surface 36 extending therefrom. A connector (not shown) can be used to securely engage each ramp 32 to the respective energy absorbing assembly 86. In some applications, the height of the legs 34 is about six and one-half inches. Other components associated with energy absorbing system 20b, such as energy absorbing assembly 86 and guard rails 20 8 and 209, etc., also have substantially the same height. The height of the defined ramp 32 and energy absorbing assembly 86 allows these components to pass under the vehicle that hits the end 41 of the slide assembly 40. The length of the tapered surface 36 is about thirteen and one-half inch. This tapered surface 36 is made by cutting a nominal angle of three inches by three inches by one-half inch thick structural angle to cut into sections of appropriate length and angle. These structural angle sections can be joined to each leg 34 by welding techniques or mechanical fasteners. Ramp 3 2 is sometimes referred to as the "End Shoe". An energy absorbing system made in accordance with the teachings of the present invention can be installed or assembled on a concrete or asphalt base (not shown). In the embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 8, the concrete base 3 08 extends along the longitudinal and lateral sides from the roadside dangerous object 310. The energy absorbing assembly 86 is preferably disposed on the plurality of cross-pull rods 24 as shown in Figures 5 and 6, and is firmly bonded thereto. Each cross tie rod 24 is secured to the concrete base 308 by a respective anchor -27-200523434 (25) bolt 26. In addition to the anchor bolts 26, various types of mechanical fasteners and anchoring means can be used to properly secure the cross-bars 24 to the concrete base 308. The number of crossbars and the number of anchoring devices used for each crossbar can vary depending on the needs of each energy absorbing system.

The cross tie rod 24 can be made of a structural steel sheet having a nominal width of one inch and a nominal thickness of one-half inch. The length of each cross tie rod 24 is approximately twenty-two inches. Three holes may be provided in each cross tie rod 24 to accommodate the anchor bolts 26. When the vehicle hits either side of the energy absorbing system 20, the cross tie rod 24 will assume a tensile state. The material of the cross tie rod 24 and its associated shape are selected such that the cross tie rod 24 is deformed by the tensile force of the side impact and absorbs energy from the impacting vehicle.

In some installations, the anchor bolts 26 can be seven inches (7") to about eighteen feet (18") in length. In some applications, holes (not shown) are provided in the asphalt or concrete base to accommodate the anchor bolts 26. Various adhesive materials may also be applied within the holes to secure the anchor bolts 26 in position. Preferably, the layup bolts 26 do not extend substantially beyond the top surface of the associated nut 27. Concrete and asphalt anchoring devices or other types of fasteners suitable for use in the installation of energy absorbing systems using the teachings of the present invention may be located at Hilti Corporation, 21 148, Tulsa City, Oklahoma, 74121, USA. Acquired. To illustrate the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6, the support beam 90 adjacent the cross tie rod 24 is designated by reference numeral 90a. And -28 - 200523434 (26) The support beam 90 immediately adjacent to it is indicated by reference numeral 90b. The support beams 90a and 90b have substantially the same size and configuration, each having a web 92, and flanges 94 and 96 extend therefrom. Four intersecting tie rods 24' are coupled to the web 92 of the support beam 90a opposite the flanges 94 and 96. Therefore, a slightly C-shaped cross section of each of the support beams 90a extends from each of the cross tie rods 24.

The number of tie rods 24 bonded to each of the support beams 90a can vary depending on the use of the resulting energy absorbing system. For the energy absorbing system 20b, the two support beams 90a are spaced apart along the lateral sides and joined to the four cross-bars 24. Conventional welding techniques or mechanical fasteners (not shown) can be used to bond the support beam 90a to the cross tie rod 24.

A pair of guard rails or guide beams 208 and 209 are coupled to each of the support beams 90b. Guardrails 208 and 209 are shown in Figure 6, but not in Figure 5. In some applications, guard rails 2 08 and 209 are constructed of structural angles having legs of the same width, such as three inches by three inches and a thickness of about one-half inch. A wide variety of guardrails can be used in other applications. The invention is not limited to the guide or guide beams 20 8 and 209. In the embodiment of the energy absorbing system 20c, the guard rails 208 and 209 have the same construction and dimensions as the associated support beam 290. The guard rails 208 and 209 each have a first leg portion 21 1 and a second leg portion 21 2 that intersect each other at an angle of about ninety degrees. A plurality of holes (not shown) are provided along the length of the first leg portion 21 1 to join the guard rails 208 and 209 to the respective support beams 90b. A mechanical fastener 103a that is longer than the mechanical fasteners 103-29-200523434 (27) can be used to bond the guardrails 208 and 209 to the support beam 90b.

The length of the guardrails 2 0 8 and 2 0 9 may be longer than the length of the energy absorbing assemblies 86 of the respective columns 1 8 8 and 1 8 9 . When the energy absorbing system 20b is in its second position, the slab support frames 60a-6e are disposed adjacent to each other to prevent further movement of the slide assembly 40b. Therefore, the energy absorbing assemblies 86 of the columns 188 and 189 do not necessarily have the same length as the guard rails 208 and 209. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the corner posts 42 and 43 can be made of structural steel sheets having a width of about four inches and a thickness of about three-quarters of a inch. Each of the corner posts 42 and 43 has a length of about thirty-two inches.

Preferably, the top brace 1 4 1 extends laterally between the corner posts 42 and 43. The bottom strap 51 is preferably located immediately above the guard rails 208 and 209 and extends laterally between the corner post 42 and the corner post 43. A pair of brace bars 1 48 and 1 49 extend diagonally from the top brace 1 1 1 to a position immediately above the guard rails 208 and 209. Only the pull bar 148 is shown in Figure 5. A pair of guide assemblies 54 are coupled to the ends of each of the diagonal braces 148 and 149, respectively. Only one guide assembly 5 4 is shown in Figure 5. Each of the guide assemblies 54 is sized to contact the associated guide beam or guard rails 20 8 and 209. In some applications, each of the guide assemblies 54 are formed from shorter angles of the same size and shape. The guide assemblies 54 can cooperate with each other to ensure that the slide assembly 40b can be longitudinally oriented along the associated barriers, such as the direction of the roadside dangerous object 3 1 0, along the guardrails 2 0 8 and 2 0 9 slide. The inertia of the slide assembly 40b and its friction on the top surface of the guardrails 20 and 209 will help to decelerate the impacting vehicle. Most of the motor vehicle and the end 41 of the slide assembly 40b occur at a location well above the energy absorbing assembly 86. Because the impact of the vehicle with the end 41 will exert a Rotational Moment on the slide assembly 40b, which forces the guide assembly 54 to the top surface of the legs 21 1 of the guard rails 208 and 209. In the collision between the motor vehicle and the end 41 of the slide assembly 40b, the force from the vehicle is transmitted from the corner posts 42 and 43 to 141 and through the diagonal braces 148 and 149 to the respective guides total β. As a result, the guide assembly 54 applies force to the guard rails 208 and to maintain the slide assembly 40b in position relative to the energy absorbing assembly 86. As shown in Figures 1 and 6, the connector 21 4 can be joined to the strip 51. The connectors 2 1 4 are spaced apart from one another along the lateral sides, each tearer 1 16 . Connectors 224 and 226 are also preferably bonded to and extend from the corners 43. Each of the tearers 116 is coupled to 214, 224, and 226. The support plates 23 4 and 23 6 are preferably disposed adjacent to the respective tearers 116 and associated energy absorbing assemblies 86. In the first and sixth embodiments, the support plate 234 is coupled to the support post 43 and to the joint. The support plate 23 6 is coupled to the support post 42 and the connector 214. The spacer 244 is disposed between the bottom brace 51 and the horizontal support plate 23 4 at the corner post 43. Between the bottom pull bar 51 and the horizontal support plate 23 6 , a corner piece 42 is also provided with a similar partitioning member (not shown), and a part of the impact is pressed and pressed down onto the top bar 2 54 on the 209 process. Some are to the bottom to accommodate the bar 42 and the connector relative to the device 214 shown. Points, close to, close to. A backing plate 23 8 is fixed to the pull strip 51 on the base -31 - 200523434 (29) relative to the associated tearer 1 16 . The backing plate 23 8 provides additional support for the connector 214 and the horizontal support plates 234, 23 6 .

The slide assembly 40b is slidably disposed on the guard rails 208 and 209 and aligned with the first end 187 of the energy absorbing assembly 86 such that the tearer 1 16 is disposed within each of the slots 102. The size of the tear-off 116 and the tear-off region 1 18 between the associated support beams 90 are selected to allow each of the tearers 116 to be interposed between the flanges 94 and 96 of the associated support beam 90.

During a collision with the end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20b, the vehicle typically experiences a deceleration peak when torque is transmitted from the vehicle to the table assembly 40b, which causes the table assembly 40b to move with the vehicle. The amount of deceleration generated by the transmission of this torque is a function of the weight of the slide assembly 40b, as well as the weight and initial velocity of the vehicle. When the slide assembly 40b slides along the longitudinal direction toward the roadside dangerous object 310, the guide assembly 54 will touch the guardrails 208 and 208 to maintain the slide assembly 40b, the energy absorbing assembly 86, The necessary alignment between the tearer 1 16 and each tear region 1 18 when the vehicle hits the first end 41 of the slide assembly 40b, the slide assembly 40b will move toward the dangerous object 310. A tearer 116 positioned within each slot 1 〇 2 will engage adjacent energy absorbing elements 100. The tearer 116 will move through the adjacent first platform portion or section portion 112 to tear the material of the platform portion 112 apart. Each tearer 116 will pass through the first platform portion 112 and into the first opening 110. The tearer 116 then proceeds to the next platform section, tearing its material. This process is repeated as the tearer 1 16 passes through the opening 1 1 - between the platform portion 1 1 2 and the platform portion 1 1 2 of the -32-200523434 (30). The opening 1 1 is capable of providing the damage-related energy absorbing element 1 by ensuring that the tearer 1 16 is maintained in the desired path to destroy the energy absorbing element 100 by the energy absorbing element 100 and the expected amount of force. 0 0 reliability. The center portion of each of the energy absorbing members 100 is torn apart between the support beams 90, and the top and bottom portions of the energy absorbing member 100 are held by the bolts 103 to be fixed to the support beams 90. The central portion of the energy absorbing element 100 will continue to tear open as the slide assembly 40b continues to push the respective tearers 116 through. After the kinetic energy from the impacting vehicle is consumed, the tearing action of the portion of the energy absorbing element 100 is stopped. After the tearer 116 has passed, one or more of the energy absorbing elements 1 〇〇 are separated into an upper half and a lower half (not shown). The lengths of the columns 188 and 189 associated with the energy absorbing system 20b are selected to be of sufficient length to provide multi-segment for large high speed vehicles after the slide assembly 40b passes the front end portion of the "softer" energy absorbing element. Appropriate deceleration. In general, the energy absorbing elements disposed in the middle of the columns 188 and 189 and immediately adjacent the ends of each column are relatively "hard" compared to the energy absorbing elements disposed adjacent the first end 21 "of. The slab support frames 60a-60e can have substantially the same size and shape. Therefore, only the sheet supporting frame 60e shown in Fig. 7 will be described in detail. The slab support frame 60e has a substantially rectangular shape, and a portion is formed by a first post 68 disposed adjacent to the guard rail 208 and a second post 69 disposed adjacent the barrier 209. Top brace 6 1 along the lateral side -33 - 200523434 (31)

Extending between the first column 68 and the second column 69. The bottom strip 62 extends laterally between the first post 68 and the second post 619. The length of the posts 6 8 and 619 and the position of the bottom brace 62 are selected such that when the slab support frame 60e is disposed on the guard rails 208 and 209, the pull brace 62 will touch the guard rails 208 and 209, and the post 68 and 69 will not touch the concrete base 3 08. A plurality of cross braces 63, 64, 65, 70 and 71 are provided between the posts 68 and 69, the top brace 61 and the bottom brace 62 to form a solid structure. In some applications, the cross braces 63, 64, 65, 70, and 71 and the posts 68 and 69 are constructed of relatively heavy structural steel. Further, the cross braces 65 can be mounted at the lower end positions of the posts 68 and 69. The weight of the panel support frames 60a-60e and the position of the associated cross braces are selected to provide the desired strength when impacting the energy absorbing system 20, 20a, 20b or 20c laterally.

The tab 66 is bonded to the post 69 adjacent the end of the concrete base 308 and extends along the lateral side toward the energy absorbing assembly 86. The tab 67 is bonded to the end of the post 68 adjacent the concrete base 308 and extends along the lateral side toward the energy absorbing assembly 86. The tabs 66 and 67 can be mated to the bottom strap 62 to maintain the panel support frame 60e in contact with the guardrails 208 and 209 when laterally impacting the energy absorbing system 20b to prevent or mitigate along the vertical barrier 20 8 and Rotation in the direction of 209, but still allows the slab support frame 60e to slide along the lengthwise direction toward the roadside hazard 3 1 0 from the vehicle colliding on either side of the energy absorbing system 20, 20a, 20b or 20c The impact force is transmitted from the sheet 1 60 to the sheet support frame 60a-60g. This lateral lateral impact force will then be transmitted from the plate support frame -34- 200523434 (32) 6 0 a - 60 g to the relevant guardrails 2 0 8 and 2 0 9 to the energy absorption assembly 8 6 It is transferred to the concrete base 308 via the cross tie rod 24 and the mechanical fastener 26. Cross tie rods 24, mechanical fasteners 26, energy absorbing assemblies 86, guard rails 20 8 and 209, and sheet support frames 60a-60g provide lateral lateral support when impacting the energy absorbing system laterally.

When the vehicle first hits the slide assembly 40b facing the opposite traffic, any occupant who is not wearing a seat belt or other fixed facility will eject from the seat forward. The appropriately fixed occupant will slow down with the vehicle. In the short and short distances that slide assembly 40b moves along guard rails 208 and 209, unsecured occupants will fly in the vehicle. The deceleration force acting on the impacting vehicle during this time will be quite large. However, just when the occupant is not fixed to touch the interior of the vehicle, such as a windshield (not shown), the deceleration force acting on the vehicle will be reduced to a lower level to the unfixed occupant. The possible damage is reduced to the lightest.

Some portions of the diagonal braces 148 and 149 of the slide assembly 40b and the top pull tab 141 will touch the panel support frame 60a, and the panel support frame will touch the panel support frame 60b and all A plate support frame disposed on the downstream side of the slide table assembly 40b. Movement of the slide assembly 40b toward the dangerous object 310 causes the sheet support frames 60a-60e and its associated sheets 160 to be nested one upon another. The inertia of the slab support frame 60 and its associated slab 160 will impact the vehicle as it moves along the lengthwise direction from the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20b toward the second end 2 2 . Further slow down. The mutual stacking or relative sliding of the plates 160 produces a frictional force outside the range -35-200523434 (33), which also contributes to the deceleration of the vehicle. The movement of the slab support frames 60a-60e along the guard rails 208 and 209 also creates additional friction which further decelerates the vehicle.

The 'slab support frames 60a-60e and associated plates 160 as previously discussed in conjunction with Figures 4A and 4B can change the direction of the vehicle impinging on either side of the energy absorbing system 2 Ob back to the relevant On the road. Each of the plates 1 60 is substantially in the shape of a long rectangle, and is partially formed by a first end or upstream end 16 1 and a second end or downstream end 1 62. (See Figures 5 and 7). Each of the plates 160 preferably has a first edge 181 and a second edge 182 extending equally along the longitudinal direction of the first end 161 and the second end 162. between. In some applications, the plate 160 is made from a standard ten (10) W-beam guard rail block having a length of about thirty-four and four in a "single-spaced plate 1 60". It is three miles, and in the "double-spaced plate 1 60" it is five miles and two miles. Preferably, each of the sheets 160 has an approximately equal width of twelve and a quarter of an inch. As shown in Figures 5 and 7, on each of the plates 160, a slot 164 is preferably provided between the ends 161 and 162. Preferably, slot 164 is aligned with and extends the longitudinal centerline of the panel 160 (not shown). The length of the slot 164 is less than the length of the associated panel 160. A respective slot plate 170 is slidably disposed within each slot 164. The upstream end of each slot 164 preferably has an enlarged portion or a keyhole portion 1 64a, which will be discussed in more detail later. Metal strips 1 6 6 are welded along the edges 1 8 1 and 1 8 2 and the intermediate portion to each -36- 200523434 (34)

On the first end 161 of a plate 160. See Figure 8. In some applications, the length of the metal strip 166 is about twelve and a quarter of an inch, and the width is about two and one-half inch. Preferably, each of the strips 166 has a length equal to the width of each of the sheets 160 between the longitudinally long edges 181 and 182. Mechanical fasteners 167, 168 and 169 are used to bond the metal strip 166 to the post 68 of the associated panel support frame 69. Mechanical fasteners 167 and 169 are substantially identical. The metal strip 166 can provide more contact points when the end 161 of the sheet 160 is mounted to each of the sheet support frames 60a-60e. A notch 184 is formed at the junction of the second end 162 and the longitudinally long edges 181 and 182 on each of the sheets 160. (See Fig. 7.) The notches 184 allow the sheets 160 to be inserted into each other in an intimately overlapping manner when the energy absorbing system 20b is in its first position. For this reason, the notch 1 84 can minimize the chance of hooking it to the side of the energy absorbing system 20 when the vehicle is "reversely angled" impacted and impacted.

For the sake of explanation, the plate 160 shown in Fig. 7 is biased with reference numerals 160a, 160b, 160c, 160d, 160e and 160f to indicate that the longitudinally long edges of the 0 plates 160a-160d are marked as vertical. Longitudinal edges 181a-181d and 182a-182d, and the longitudinally long edges of the plate 160f are designated as longitudinally long edges 181f and 182f. Further, for the sheets 160a, 160b, and 160d, the ends 161 and 162 are designated as the ends 161a and 162a, the ends 161b and 162b, and the ends 161d and 162d, respectively. Similarly, for the plate 1 60c, the upstream end is designated as the end 16 1 c; and for the plate 160e, the downstream end is designated as the end 162e. Each of the metal strips 166 can bond the first end 16 1 a and the first end 16 1 d to the post 6 8 of the plate support frame -37-200523434 (35) frame 60c. In the same manner, the metal strips 16 6 are arranged to firmly bond the first ends 161b and 161e to the corner posts 68 of the sheet support frame 60d. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the bolt 168 extends through the aperture 172 in each slot plate 170 and the corresponding aperture in the plate 160b (not shown).

As shown in Fig. 9, the slot plate 170 is preferably provided with a through hole 1 72. A pair of fingers 1 74 and 176 extend from the lateral side of one side of the slot plate 1 70. The fingers 174 and 176 are sized to be received within associated slots 164 in each of the panels 160. The mechanical fasteners 168 are preferably longer than the mechanical fasteners 167 and 169 to fit the slot plate 170. Each slot plate 170 and bolts 1 68 can cooperate to securely anchor the anchoring end 161 of the inner side panel 160 to the associated post 68 or 69, while allowing the outer panel 160 to follow along The longitudinal direction slides relative to the associated post 68 or 69.

In some vehicle crash events, the panel support frames 60a-60e and associated panels 160 will move to the second position, as shown in Figure 4B. Therefore, the repair and reassembly of the energy absorbing system 20b will be more difficult. However, the enlarged portion 164a in the groove 164 can be fitted to the associated slot plate 170 to allow the plates 160 to be more easily unfastened from the associated plate support frame 60. In some applications, the length of the enlarged portion 1 64a is approximately equal to or greater than the length of the three slot plates 170. The enlarged portion 164a and the associated slot plate 1 70 can cooperate to mitigate or eliminate many of the bonding or interference problems caused by the impacting vehicle moving the first position of the energy absorbing system from the stretched open position to the second position of the collapsed span. . See, for example, Figure 4A -38 - 200523434 (36) and Figure 4B.

The energy absorbing system 20c shown in Figures 1 through 6 includes a slide table assembly 40c and a plurality of energy absorbing assemblies 286 that are respectively aligned with the columns 28 8 and 28 9 . Extending substantially along a lengthwise direction from a dangerous object, and substantially parallel to each other. In some applications, each of columns 28 8 and 289 contains two or more energy absorbing assemblies 286. Each energy absorbing assembly 286 in column 2 8 8 is spaced apart laterally from the energy absorbing assembly 286 in column 289. See Figure 12, Figure 13 and Figure 16.

The slide table assembly 40c has an improved structure similar to the slide table assembly 40b. The energy absorbing assembly 286 is secured by a plurality of cross braces 24. The combination of the cross braces 24 and the energy absorbing assembly 286 results in an energy absorbing system 20c having a relatively solid frame structure. For this reason, the energy absorbing system 20c will be more capable of absorbing the impact energy of the motor vehicle that hits the slide assembly 40c at a position offset from the center of the end 2 1 or at an angle that is not parallel to the energy absorbing assembly 286. The impact energy of the motor vehicle to the end 2 1 . The energy absorbing assembly 286 can be securely coupled to the concrete base 308 in front of the hazard using cross braces 24 and bolts 26 as described in the energy absorbing system 20b and the energy absorbing assembly 86. The cross-pull joint 300, which will be described in more detail later, is used to securely engage the energy absorbing assembly 286 on each of the cross-bars 24. The energy absorbing assemblies 286 of each of the columns 28 8 and 289 each have a respective first end 287, which corresponds substantially to the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20c. -39- 200523434 (37)

Prior to the vehicle impact, the slide assembly 40c is positioned alongside the first end 287 of the columns 28 8 and 289, and the tearer 2 16 is aligned with the energy absorbing assembly 286. For the embodiment represented by the energy absorbing system 20b, the tearer 2 16 is substantially vertically disposed relative to the slide assembly 40c, the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇, and the associated road (not shown). . Each of the tearers 2 16 is constructed of bolts having a diameter of approximately half an inch and a length of approximately eleven inches. The same material previously described for the tearer 1 16 can also be used to make the tearer 2 16 . Each energy absorbing element 100 is disposed approximately horizontally relative to the associated tearer 216 and the road. A pair of ramps 32 are provided at the end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20c to prevent small vehicles or vehicles having low ground clearance from directly impacting the first ends 287 of the columns 288 and 289. A variety of types of ramps and other structures can be used to ensure that the vehicle striking the end 2 of the energy absorbing system 20c will properly touch the slide assembly 40c without directly touching the columns 2 8 8 and 2 The first end of 8 9 is 1 8 7 .

As shown in Figures 10 through 15, each of the energy absorbing assemblies 286 includes a pair of support beams 290 disposed parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction and spaced apart from each other along the lateral sides. The longitudinally long gap between each pair of support beams 290 constitutes a tear-off region 218. In some applications, the support beam 290 has a slightly C-shaped cross-section as previously illustrated for the support beam 90, or any other suitable cross-section. In applications such as those shown in Figures 10 through 14, the support beam 290 is depicted as an angled steel having an approximately L-shaped cross section and a portion of the first leg portion 29 1 and the second leg portion 292. The legs 291 and 292 cross each other at an angle of approximately ninety degrees - 40 - 200523434 (38). In some applications, the support beam or angle 290 is made by metal roll forming techniques. The use of angle steel 290 can reduce inventory requirements and the cost of making repair-related squeeze buffers. In some applications, the support beam 290 and the guard rails 208 and 209 are made of the same type of structural angle steel.

The L-shaped cross-section of each of the support beams 290 may be disposed to face each other to form a slightly C-shaped or U-shaped cross section of the energy absorbing assembly 286. In some applications, the width of the leg 291 is much greater than the width of the leg 292. In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 12, the width of each of the first leg portions 291 is approximately equal to the width of the associated second leg portion 292 plus the total width of the tear region 2 18 . For this reason, the energy absorbing assembly 286 will have a substantially square cross section. See Figure 12.

A plurality of holes 98 are provided in each of the second legs 292 for bonding one or more energy absorbing elements 1 to the associated energy absorbing assembly 286. In some applications, such as those shown in Figure 15, the diameter of the aperture 98 varies along the length of each leg 292. For example, the inner diameter of some of the holes 98b is selected to accommodate standard 9/1 6" bolts such as mechanical fasteners 250. Other holes have a smaller inner diameter of 2900. Capable of accommodating 3/8" bolts or studs with 9/16" diameter shoulders without heads, such as mechanical fasteners 260. To illustrate the features of the present invention, related to energy absorption total The energy absorbing elements 100 of 286 will be referred to as energy absorbing elements iOOa, 100b,: 100c and 100d. In some applications, the energy absorbing assembly 286 has approximately the same overall length and width as the aforementioned energy absorbing assembly 86. And -41 - 200523434 (39) Height. Different types of fasteners can be inserted through the holes 9 8 provided in the support beam 290 and the associated holes 1 〇 8 provided on the energy absorbing element 100.

A pair of energy absorbing elements 10d are provided at each of the energy absorbing assemblies 286 at a first end 21 adjacent to the energy absorbing assembly 20c. See Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 16. The energy absorbing element 100d is indicated by a broken line in Fig. 10. Compared to the energy absorbing elements 1 〇 〇 a, 1 〇 〇 b and 1 0 0 c, the overall length of the energy absorbing element 100 d is greatly reduced. A notch 202 is provided in each of the energy absorbing elements 10d to accommodate the associated tearer 2 16 . The associated size of each tearer 216 is preferably selected to be compatible with the associated notch 202 and the gap or tear region 2 1 8 formed between the associated support beams 290. In the embodiment shown in the figures from Figure 1 to Figure 16, the energy absorbing element 100d has a relatively short length. However, the length of the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇d can be increased in accordance with the amount of energy absorption required by the associated energy absorbing system during the first phase.

A plurality of holes (not shown) are provided along the length of each of the first leg portions 29 1 for bonding the guard rails 20 8 or 209 to the associated support beams 290. See, for example, Figures 10 to 13. Various welding techniques or other mechanical bonding techniques are suitable for securely engaging the guard rails 208 and 209 to the associated energy absorbing assembly 286. The guard rails 2 〇 8 and 2 〇 9 cooperate to allow the slide table assembly 40c to move longitudinally toward the associated endangered object from the first end 21 of the energy absorbing system 20c. The first leg 211 of the guard rails 208 and 209 is coupled to the first leg 291 of the associated support beam 290. -42- 200523434 (40)

In some applications, the tearer 2 16 is configured as part of the replaceable module 220. As shown in Fig. 10, Fig. 11 and Fig. 12, each of the modules 220 includes a respective support plate 222 disposed between the tearer 216 and the bottom strip 51. The support plate 2 22 is shown in broken lines in Figs. 10 and 13. A plurality of pairs of angles or brackets 22 8 and 229 are joined to the base strip 5 1 and extend in the direction of the associated columns 28 8 and 2 89. Each pair of angles 22 8 and 229 are spaced apart from each other and are received in a sliding manner within each of the mold sets 220. In some applications, the upper half of each module 220 is inflated in the form of a shoulder (see Figure 10). For this reason, the module 220 can be inserted into each of the diagonal steels 228 or 229 with its shoulders resting on each pair of angles 228 or 229.

In some applications, the support plate 222 can be modified to have a blunt tear surface disposed at a downstream side edge that faces the energy absorbing assembly 286. For such an embodiment, the blunt tear surface can be formed as part of the overall support plate 222 (not shown). The support plate 222 can be made of the same material as that used to make the tearer 2 16 . In some applications, the fixed ears 240 are inserted through openings (not shown) provided in each of the modules 220 and associated brackets 22 or 229. See Figure 12. A split pin 242 or similar device can be used to reattach the fixed ear 240 to the associated module 220 and bracket 22 or 229 in a releasable manner. When the tearer 216 is broken or broken, the associated split pin 242 can be disassembled to disassemble the fixed ear 240 from the associated module 220 and bracket 22 or 229. The module 220 can then be disassembled to replace the damaged tearer 2 16 . 43- 200523434 (41)

In some applications, each of the tearers 2 16 may be threaded at opposite ends thereof to engage the associated nut 2 3 2 . See Figure 12 for details. The module 220 can be provided with an appropriately sized opening for the associated tearer 2 16 to pass through. Nuts 2 3 2 are bonded to the threaded portions of each of the tearers 2 16 to securely engage the tearers 2 16 to the associated support plate 222. A variety of other types of mechanisms and techniques are suitable for attaching the tearer 2 16 to the slide assembly 40c in a releasable manner. The invention is not limited to the module 2 20, the vertical support plate 222, the fixed leg 240 or the nut 23 2 .

The slide table assembly 40c can include angled posts 42 and 43, as well as other features of the aforementioned slide table assembly 40b. Preferably, the top brace 141 and the bottom brace 51 extend laterally between the corner posts 42 and 43. The bottom strap 51 can be disposed adjacent to the second leg 212 of the guard rails 208 and 209. See Figure 12. The dimensions and materials used to make the base strip 51 can be selected to have comparable strength to transfer energy from the impacting vehicle to the tear diffuser 2 16 and associated energy absorbing element 100. The height of the bottom strip 5 1 and the length of the legs 42 and 43 are selected such that the bottoms of the corner posts 42 and 43 form a comparable clearance relative to the concrete base 3 08 and the cross tie rod 24. See Figure 12. The lengths of the slanted legs 42 and 43 of the pull-tab 5 1 can cooperate to reduce the likelihood that any portion of the slide assembly 40c will touch the portion of the cross-pull rod 24 or anchor bolt 26. For this reason, the slide assembly 40 c is usually reusable after the vehicle has been hit. In some applications, such as those shown in Figures 10, 20, and 12, a pair of hook plates 26 8 and 269 are provided adjacent the end corners 43 and 42. Contact plates -44 - 200523434 (42) 266 are bonded to each pair of hook plates 268 and 269. The hook plate 26 8 and associated contact plate 266 can engage adjacent portions of the fence 208 to block lateral impact on the slide assembly 40b and maintain sliding of the slide assembly 40b on the guard rails 208 and 209. Settings. The hook plate 269 and associated contact plate 266 can engage adjacent portions of the fence 209 for the same purpose and function.

An angled plate may be provided between the corner posts 42 and 43 and the bottom pull bar 51 to provide additional structural support. One or more reinforcing braces or angles (not shown) may be provided at the portion of the bottom strip 51 adjacent to the mold set 220.

A pair of brace bars 1 4 8 and 1 4 9 extend diagonally from the top brace bar 1 4 1 to a position immediately above the guard rails 208 and 209. Pull tabs 48 and 49 extend longitudinally from bottom strap 51 to engage diagonal braces 148 and 149 adjacent to guard rails 208 and 209. In some applications, the horizontal braces 48 and 49 are made of angle steel. The cross braces 143 and 144 are in a substantially X-shaped shape and are firmly joined to the horizontal braces 48 and 49. A horizontal brace 145 may be provided between the diagonal braces 148 and 149. Guide assemblies 58 and 59 are coupled to the associated ends of diagonal braces 148 and 149, respectively. The guide assemblies 58 and 59 can have the same structure and characteristics as the guides 54. The guide assemblies 58 and 59 can be made of angles that are sized to be compatible with the associated rails 208 and 02. The guide assemblies 58 and 59 cooperate to allow the slide assembly 40c to slide longitudinally in the guard rails 208 and 209 in the direction of the associated hazard. The guide assemblies 5 8 and 59 may include respective first leg portions 5 7 extending downwardly relative to associated guard rails 208 and 209. Legs 57 can be mutually -45- 200523434 (43)

In conjunction with the vehicle impact, the slide assembly 40c is held in the guard rails 208 and 209, and the tearer 216 is aligned with the respective tear-off region 218 while still enabling the slide assembly 40c along the guardrail 208. And 209 slides longitudinally toward the relevant dangerous object. The legs 57 can cooperate with each other to cause the lateral slides 40c to move undesirably laterally as a result of lateral impact. The inertia of the slide assembly 40 c and the friction associated with the guide assemblies 58 and 59 and the bottom pull strips 51 when sliding on the legs 212 of the guard rails 208 and 209 will all contribute to the impact. The vehicle is slowed down. A plurality of mechanical fasteners can be used to securely engage the energy absorbing element 100 on the associated support beam 290 to form the energy absorbing assembly 286. By mounting the energy absorbing element 1 水平 in the energy absorbing assembly 286 along the other components relative to the energy absorbing system 20c and the associated road, these mechanical fasteners will be more accessible, For replacement of damaged components and installation of new components. See Figure 13 for details.

For example, the bolts 250 and associated nuts 252 can be used to securely join one or more of the energy absorbing elements 1 to the respective support beams 290. A plurality of headless bolts 260 can also be used to secure the energy absorbing element 100 to the associated support beam 290 in a releasable manner. The size of the head bolt 260 and the associated opening 108 of the energy absorbing element 100 can be selected to enable installation and disassembly of energy after the mechanical fastener 250 is released, but without the head bolt 260 being loosened. Absorbing element 100. For embodiments such as those shown in Figures 14 and 15, the bolts 250 and spacers 254 are removable so that they can be disassembled (D 〇ub 1 er ) 1 1 4 And related energy absorbing elements 1 0 0 a and 1 〇〇 c. Nut -46- 200523434 (44) 2 5 2 It is best to keep it fixed on the relevant nut holder 280.

In some embodiments of the present invention, such as those represented by energy absorbing system 20c, each energy absorbing element 100 has a structure that is approximately rectangular in length, partially from the first longitudinally long edge 1 1 1 and The second longitudinally long edge 122 is formed. A first column of openings 1 〇 8 is provided adjacent each of the first longitudinal edges 1 2 1 on each of the energy absorbing elements 1 。. A second column of openings 108 is formed adjacent each of the second longitudinally elongated edges 122 on each of the energy absorbing elements 100. The third column opening 1 1 设有 with the platform portion 1 1 2 therebetween is disposed between the first column opening 108 of each energy absorbing element 100 and the second column opening 108. See Figure 15 and Figure 16.

In some applications, energy absorbing system 20c has a softer first stage, a second stage with enhanced energy absorption, and a third stage designed to absorb energy from high speed or heavy vehicles. The length of the energy absorbing element 100d in the first stage can be increased or decreased to vary the amount of energy that would be absorbed during the initial period in which the vehicle hits the table assembly 40c. The second stage of the energy absorbing system 20c includes an energy absorbing element 10a having an unfixed spacing between the associated opening 1 1 〇 and the associated platform portion 1 1 2 . In an embodiment such as that shown in Fig. 16, the first portion of each energy absorbing element 100a includes an opening 110 having a diameter of about one inch, and the spacing between the centers of adjacent openings 110 is about It is two miles. The intermediate portion of each of the energy absorbing members 1 〇〇a includes an opening 1 1 0 having a diameter of about one inch, and the distance between the centers of adjacent openings 1 10 0 is about two inches. Therefore, the length of the -47-200523434 (45) segment portion 1 1 2a in the first portion of each energy absorbing element 1 〇〇a is about one inch. Energy absorbing element! Each section 1 1 2 b of the middle portion of 〇〇a has a length of about two inches.

When the vehicle begins to hit the slide assembly 40c, a portion of the vehicle's energy is absorbed by the first stage. When the tearer 2 is in contact with the energy absorbing element 100a, the amount of energy absorbed by the section 丨1 2a is increased compared to the first stage (energy absorbing element 1 〇〇d ) However, compared with the section or platform section 1 1 2b, it is still maintained at a lower number. The length of the section portion or the platform portion 1 1 2b is increased, and a larger deceleration is generated as compared with the shorter segment portion 112a. Therefore, when the tearer 216 moves through the intermediate portion of each of the energy absorbing elements 100a, a considerable amount of energy is absorbed.

When the impacting vehicle begins to slow down, a small amount of energy absorption is still required to prevent unfixed occupants from hitting certain parts of the vehicle. Therefore, the pitch of the holes 110 in the third portion or the last portion of the energy absorbing element 100a can be reduced. For example, the segment portion 1 1 2c may have the same length as the segment portion 1 1 2a, or the length of the segment portion 1 1 2c may be further reduced compared to the segment portion 1 1 2a. For many vehicle impacts, most of the energy absorption occurs during the first and second phases. However, in the case of very high speed or very heavy vehicles, the tearer 2 16 will still touch the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇b in the third stage. In some applications, the thickness of the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇b in the third stage is greatly increased. Another way is to greatly increase the spacing of the holes 1 1 第三 in the third stage. The technique taught by the present invention can improve the energy absorbing element 1 提供 to provide the required deceleration in a wide range of -48-200523434 (46) vehicles that move over a wide range of speeds without causing unfixed interiors in the vehicle. The injury of the occupant. In some applications, two or more energy absorbing elements 100 are provided on the second leg 292 of each support beam 290. In the embodiment shown, for example, in Fig. 14, the thickness of the energy absorbing members 10a and 100c can be changed. Further, the pitch between the holes 1 1 0 formed in the energy absorbing elements 10a and 100c and the size of the holes 1 1 也 may also be changed.

As previously mentioned, the present invention can reduce the number of mechanical fasteners that must be locked and loosened in replacement of the damaged or broken energy absorbing element 1 . As shown in Figures 14 and 15, one or more headless mechanical fasteners or headless bolts 260 may be disposed between the mechanical fasteners 250. In some applications, a booster or strong backing plate 114 may be provided on the energy absorbing element 1 相对 relative to the second leg 292 of the associated support beam 290. The booster or the strong backing plate 1 14 can enhance the holding force of the associated mechanical fastener 25 0 while still allowing the use of the headless bolt 260. In some applications, such as those shown in FIG. 3, which use multiple pairs of boosters, designated by reference numerals 1 14a-l 14h, to securely bond the energy absorbing element 1 相关 to the associated The energy absorption assembly is 286. Each of the dynamometers 1 14 is preferably provided with a hole 1 24 having a diameter equal to the associated hole 108 provided along the longitudinally long edges 1 2 1 and 1 22 of each energy absorbing element 1 。. The holes 124 provided in the booster 1 14 are preferably selected to accommodate the bolts 250 and the headless bolts 260. A variety of techniques and processes are suitable for making and assembling energy absorbing assemblies in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. For example, the energy absorbing assemblies 28 as shown in Figures 13 and 14 and 49-200523434 (47) 15 and 16 can be formed by having multiple passes through each The support beam 290 of the holes 98a and 98b of the second leg portion 292 is manufactured and assembled. For embodiments such as those shown in Figures 13, 14, Figure 15, and Figure 16, three small holes 987a may be provided between adjacent larger holes 987b. The energy absorbing element 100 and the booster 1 14 can be coupled to the second leg 292 in a releasable manner.

The headless bolt 260 penetrates the small diameter hole 98a. The shoulder 264 on the stud 260 preferably contacts the adjacent portion of the second leg 292. The nut 262 engages a threaded portion of the headless bolt 260 that extends through the second leg 292. One or more energy absorbing elements 100 can be placed or superposed on the second leg portion 292 by passing the headless bolt 260 through the associated aperture 1 〇 8. The booster 1 14 is also disposed on the energy absorbing element 100 by passing the headless bolt 260 through the associated aperture 1 24 . The mechanical fastener 25 0 can then be passed through the associated opening 124 of the booster 1 14 , energy

The opening 108 in the absorbing member 100 and the large diameter opening 98b in the associated second leg portion 292. A spacer 254 may be disposed between the head of the bolt '250 and the booster 114. The nut is then firmly engaged on each of the bolts 250 to firmly bond the energy absorbing members 10a and 100c to the support beam 290. The booster 1 14 can effectively increase the "holding force" of the associated bolt 25 0 and the nut 252 ° For some applications, such as those shown in Figures 14 and 15 A nut holder 280 can be disposed on the two legs 292 relative to the energy absorbing element 100. Each of the nut holders 280 preferably has at least one opening for the associated nut 2 52 to be disposed therein. Nut Solid -50 - 200523434 (48) The Locator 2 80 can be used to lock or loosen the associated mechanical fastener 250 without holding the nut 252. Therefore, when the energy absorbing assembly 286 is set such that the energy absorbing element 1 is clamped in a substantially horizontal position, it only needs to grasp the head of the mechanical fastener 250 to lock or The mechanical fastener 250 is released from the nut 252.

The nut holder 280 can be made in different configurations and orientations. In some applications, the nut holder 280 can include one or more welded joints (not shown) to secure the nut 252 to align with the opening 98b. In other applications, the nut holder 2 80 includes a slightly rectangular plate 282 having a first opening 284 and a second opening 286 formed therein. The first opening 284 is selected to receive the nut 252. The second opening 286 is preferably smaller than the first opening 284. The second opening 286 is sized to receive the threaded portion of the stud 260. A retaining plate 296 is coupled to the second leg portion 292 of the support beam 290 on the nut holder 208. The retaining plate 296 is also provided with a first bore 298 sized to receive the threaded portion of the associated mechanical fastener 250 and a second bore 299 sized to receive the threaded portion of the studless bolt 260. In some applications, the retainer plate 282 and the retaining plate 296 are attached thereto before the nut 262 is engaged with the threaded portion of the stud 260. The aperture 298 of each retaining plate 296 that receives the nut 252 is preferably aligned with the large diameter hole 98b provided in the second leg portion 192 of the associated support beam 290. The holes 299 in each of the retaining plates 296 are preferably aligned with the smaller diameter holes 98a provided in the second leg portions 192 of the associated support beams 290. In some applications, the energy absorbing element 1 〇〇d is bonded to the associated support beam 290 by four mechanical -51 - 200523434 (49) fastener bolts 250, without a multiplier. The energy absorbing element 100a is coupled to the associated support beam 290 by eight boosters and twenty-four mechanical fasteners 250. The energy absorbing element 100b is also coupled to the associated support beam 210 by eight boosters and twenty-four mechanical fasteners 250. In some applications, the length of the energy absorbing system 20c can be lengthened by the addition of more energy absorbing assemblies 286.

A variety of types of mechanisms are suitable for engaging the energy absorbing assembly 286 to the cross tie rod 24. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 14, for example, each of the cross-pull joints 300 has a general shape of an angle formed by the legs 301 and 302. A plurality of mechanical fasteners 408 are provided between the openings provided in the leg portions 310 and are securely joined to corresponding holes (not shown) provided on the first leg portions 291 of the associated support beams 290. on. The second leg 302 of each crossbar coupling 300 can be welded or otherwise securely coupled to the associated crossbar 24.

The technical advantages of the present invention include having a modular base unit that can be assembled prior to being transported to a location on the road side. In some applications, each modular basic unit includes columns 1 8 8 and 1 8 0 or columns 2 8 8 and 2 8 9 , a slide table assembly 40b or 40c, and has been installed therein. The sheets of the sheet 160 in one position support the frames 60a-60g. The use of a modular base unit minimizes repair time at the roadside location and enables more efficient and cost-effective repairs to damaged modular base units in repair processes outside the field. . Energy absorption assembly 8 6 or 2 8 6 and tearers 1 1 6 and 2 1 6 can also be -52- 200523434 (50)

Used in a variety of mobile applications, such as attenuators mounted on trucks. The invention is not limited to stationary applications such as those represented by energy absorbing systems 20, 20a, 20b and 20c. For the attenuator mounted on the truck, the energy absorbing assembly 86 or 286 can be coupled to a truck or other vehicle (not shown) and extended rearwardly therefrom, as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,947,452. . An impact head (not shown) is provided at the end of the truck or the other vehicle at the energy absorbing assembly 8 6 or 286. The tearer 116 or 216 is disposed on the truck or the other vehicle relative to the impact head. Each of the tearers 1 16 or 2 16 is aligned with the respective energy absorbing assembly 86 or 286, as previously indicated. When the second vehicle touches the impact head, the tearer remains stationary relative to the energy absorbing assembly and the energy absorbing assembly moves through the tearer. The tearer operates in the same manner as previously described to consume energy, so the second vehicle will be decelerated and then stopped.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove, it is understood that various modifications, alternatives and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing an isometric view of a tear-off device and an energy absorbing assembly using the teachings of the present invention in a partially cut open state. Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a schematic view showing a partially cut-away energy absorption assembly according to the present invention and an energy absorbing element having a land portion or a section portion between openings or holes, and the like. Angle view. Fig. 4A is a schematic view showing a plan view of a portion of the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention in a partially cut open state. Fig. 4B is a schematic view showing a partially cutaway plan view after the vehicle collides with one end of the energy absorbing system in Fig. 4A.

Figure 4C is a schematic diagram showing another plan view of an energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention. Figure 5 is a side elevational view, partially cut away, showing the energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention. Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a partial cut showing the energy absorbing system shown in Figure 5, the associated tearer; an exploded view of the energy absorbing assembly and the guardrail. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing an isometric view of stacked sheets disposed along the sides of an energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a partially cut open portion showing a state in which the first upstream side panel and the second downstream side panel are relatively slidably disposed. Figure 9 is a schematic view showing an isometric view of a slot plate suitable for use in joining a panel to a panel support frame in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing an isometric view of an energy absorbing system and associated slide assembly using a teaching technique of the present invention in a partially cut open condition. Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing another isometric view of the energy absorbing system and the slide table assembly of Fig. 10 in a partially cut open state. -54- 200523434 (52) Figure 12 is a side elevational view, partially cut away, showing another view of the energy absorbing system and slide assembly of Figure 10. Figure 13 is a schematic view showing a plan view of the slide assembly, the tearer and associated energy absorbing assembly and associated energy absorbing system in section 10, partially cut away. Fig. 14 is an enlarged side elevational cross-sectional view of the section taken along line 1 4-1 4 of Fig. 1 . Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of a partial cut showing an exploded isometric view of an energy absorbing assembly such as that shown in Figure 14 using the teachings of the present invention. Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of a partial cut showing a plan view of an energy absorbing element using the teachings of the present invention. Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view, partially cut away, showing the sheet support frame and associated sheets suitable for use in an energy absorbing system using the teachings of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 20 Energy absorbing system 20a Energy absorbing system 20b Energy absorbing system 20c Energy absorbing system 21 First end 22 Second end 24 Cross brace • 55- 200523434 (53) 26 Anchor bolt 27 Nut 32 Slope 34 Leg 36 Tapered surface 40 Slide table assembly 40a Slide table assembly 40b Slide table assembly 40c Slide table assembly 41 First end 42 Corner column 43 Corner column 48 Pull rod 49 Pull rod 5 1 Bottom strip 54 Guide total 57 first leg 58 guide assembly 59 guide assembly 60 plate support frame 60a plate support frame 60b plate support frame 60c plate support frame 60d plate support frame 200523434 (54) 60e plate support frame 60f plate support frame 60g plate support frame 61 top brace 62 bottom brace 63 cross brace 64 cross brace 65 cross brace 6 6 tab 67 tab 68 first post 69 second post 70 cross brace 7 1 Cross bar 83 Nasal cover 84 Yamagata 86 Energy absorbing assembly 90 Support beam 90a Support beam 90b Support beam 92 Web 94 Flange 96 Flange 98 Hole

-57- 200523434 (55) 98a Hole 98b Hole 100 Energy absorbing element 100a Energy absorbing element 100b Energy absorbing element 100c Energy absorbing element 1 OOd Energy absorbing element 101 First end 102 Notch 103 Fastener 103a Mechanical fastener 108 Hole 110 Opening 112 Platform portion 1 12a Section 1 12b Section 1 12c Section 咅 114 Doubler 1 14a Doubler 1 14b Doubler 1 14c Doubler 1 1 4d Doubler 1 1 4e Doubler 1 1 4f booster

-58- 200523434 (56) 1 14g booster 1 1 4h booster 116 tearer 118 tearing area 121 first length 122 second length 124 hole 141 top pull 143 cross pull 144 cross pull strip 145 Horizontal brace 148 Diagonal brace 149 Diagonal brace 160 Plate 160a Plate 160b Plate 160c Plate 1 60d Plate 1 60e Plate 1 60f Plate 161 First end 161a End 161b End 16 1c End

-59- 200523434 (57) 161d End 162 Second End 162a End 162b End 162c End 162d End 164 Slot 164a Inflated Port 166 Metal Strip 167 Mechanical Fastener 168 Mechanical Fastener 169 Mechanical Fastener 170 Slot Plate 172 Hole 174 Finger 176 finger 18 1 first edge 18 1a longitudinal edge 18 1b longitudinal edge 18 1c longitudinal edge 1 8 1 d longitudinal edge 1 8 1 f longitudinal edge 182 second edge 182a vertical Long edge

-60- 200523434 (58) 1 82b Longitudinal edge 1 82c Longitudinal edge 1 82d Longitudinal edge 1 82f Longitudinal edge 1 84 Notch 187 First end 188 Energy absorption assembly column 189 Energy absorption assembly Column 192 Second leg 202 Notch 208 Guardrail 209 Guardrail 2 11 First leg 2 12 Second leg 214 Connector 2 16 Tear 2 2 Tear area 220 Replaceable module 222 Support plate 224 Connector 226 Connector 228 Angle Steel 229 Angle Steel 232 Nut

-61 - 200523434 (59) 234 Support plate 236 Support plate 238 Back plate 240 Fixing ears 242 Opening P pin 244 Partition 250 Mechanical fastener 252 Nut 254 Gasket 260 Μ j\\\ Head bolt 262 Nut 264 shoulder 266 contact plate 268 hook plate 269 hook plate 280 nut holder 282 retainer plate 284 first - open 286 energy absorption assembly 287 first end 288 energy absorption assembly column 289 energy absorption assembly column 290 support beam 29 1 __. leg

-62- 200523434 (60)

292 second leg 296 retaining plate 298 first * hole 299 second hole 300 cross pull rod coupling 301 leg 302 leg 304 mechanical fastener 308 concrete ground 3 10 road side dangerous

-63-

Claims (1)

200523434 (1) X. Patent application scope 1 · An energy absorption system that can be used to minimize the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, including: The energy absorption system has a first end And a second end; the second end of the energy absorbing system is disposed adjacent to the dangerous object' and the first end extends therefrom; a sliding table disposed slidably adjacent to the first end of the energy absorbing system; at least one energy absorbing assembly disposed between the dangerous object and the sliding table assembly; each energy absorbing assembly having at least one An energy absorbing element; each of the energy absorbing elements has a plurality of openings formed therein, and respective sections are provided between adjacent openings; The slide table assembly has at least one tearer coupled thereto and substantially aligned with each of the energy absorbing assemblies and the at least one energy absorbing element; each of the tearers having a blunt face, substantially aligned with An opening disposed on the at least one energy absorbing element; and the slide assembly has a first end facing the opposing traffic, such that a collision of the vehicle to the first end of the slide assembly will cause the tearing The device slides relative to each of the energy absorbing elements along the lengthwise direction, and energy from the vehicle can be consumed by tearing the section provided between the openings. 2. The energy absorbing system according to claim 1 of the patent application, further comprising: a pair of energy absorbing assemblies extending substantially parallel to each other and separated from each other along a lateral side of -64-200523434 (2) And each of the tearers includes a bolt having a substantially blunt and smooth surface aligned with the opening and section of the at least one energy absorbing element. 3. The energy absorbing system according to claim 1 of the patent application, further comprising: an energy absorption assembly of the first column, and an energy absorption assembly of the second column extending from the dangerous object along the lengthwise direction; The energy absorption assemblies of the first and second columns are spaced apart from one another along a lateral side; and one of the tearers is aligned with the energy absorbing element of the first column of energy absorbing assemblies, The other of the tearers is aligned with the energy absorbing elements of the second column of energy absorbing assemblies. 4. The energy absorbing system according to claim 1 of the patent application, further comprising: an energy absorption assembly of the first column, having a first guard rail coupled thereto; a second column of energy absorbing assemblies having a second guard rail coupled thereto; the first guard rail and the second guard rail are spaced apart from each other along a lateral side; the slide table assembly having a first guide assembly Slidably disposed on the first guard rail; and a second guide assembly slidably disposed on the second guard rail. 5. The energy absorbing system according to the scope of the patent application, further comprising: a pair of energy absorbing assemblies spaced apart from each other along a lateral side; the sliding table assembly is slidably coupled to each energy absorbing total In the above; -65-200523434 (3) and the tearing device are arranged adjacent to each energy absorbing assembly, so the collision between the vehicle and the sliding table assembly causes each tearer to tear each energy absorption A portion of the energy absorbing element of the assembly, which in turn consumes energy from the vehicle. 6. The energy absorbing system of claim 1, wherein the energy absorbing assembly further comprises: a pair of support beams disposed parallel to each other along the longitudinal direction; at least one energy absorbing element coupled to each pair of support beams; and the support beams are spaced apart from each other along the lateral side to cause associated tearing The device is capable of contacting the at least one energy absorbing element to consume energy from the vehicle. 7. The energy absorbing system according to claim 6 of the patent application, further comprising a cross section of each of the support beams having a slightly C shape. 8. According to the energy reabsorption system of claim 6 of the patent application, the further step includes a section having a slightly L-shaped shape for each of the support beams. 9. The energy absorbing system of claim 1, further comprising: each of the tearers is firmly coupled to the slide table assembly; the slide assembly is slidably coupled adjacent to each energy The end of one end of the absorbent assembly; the spacing between the openings and associated sections is along the energy absorbing element so that different forces can be used to move the tearer through the associated energy absorbing element. -66 - 200523434 (4) 1 能量 · An energy absorbing system that can be used to minimize the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, including: The energy absorbing system has a first end And a second end; the second end of the energy absorbing system is disposed adjacent to the dangerous object' and the first end extends longitudinally therefrom; a sliding table assembly slidably disposed adjacent to At the first end of the energy absorbing system; The first column of energy absorbing assemblies, and the second column of energy absorbing assemblies, extending from the hazardous material; the first and second columns of energy absorbing assemblies are separated from each other along the lateral side Each of the energy absorbing assemblies has at least one energy absorbing element; the slide assembly has a first tearer and a second tearer mounted thereon and substantially vertically aligned with the associated energy Absorbing element; The slide assembly has a first end facing the opposing traffic, so collision of the vehicle with the first end of the slide assembly will enable each tearer to tear the associated energy absorbing element Some parts consume the kinetic energy of the vehicle. 1 1. The energy absorbing system according to claim 10, further comprising: a first guardrail coupled to the first column of energy absorbing assemblies, and a second guardrail coupled to the second column of total energy absorption a plurality of slab supporting frames slidably disposed on the first guard rail and the second guard rail, and located between the sliding table assembly and the dangerous object; -67- 200523434 The panel support frames have a first position spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction; and a plurality of sheets joined to the sheet support frames and longitudinally along the relative of the energy absorbing system Side extension. 1 2 · The energy absorbing system according to claim 11 of the patent application, further comprising: an elongated groove formed on each of the plates; Slidingly engaging the associated slot plate of each slot; each slot plate is securely coupled to one of the plate support frames such that the plate support frame and associated plates can be longitudinally opposed to each other The movement of the direction; and each of the longitudinal grooves has an enlarged portion, the size of which is larger than the associated groove plate. Therefore, when the groove plate is in the respective enlarged portion, the relevant plate can be self-correlated and the groove plate The combined support frame is disassembled. 1 3 · an energy absorbing system for minimizing the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, comprising: the energy absorbing system having a first end and a second end; the energy a second end of the absorption system is disposed adjacent to the dangerous object, and the first end extends therefrom; a slide assembly is slidably disposed at the first end of the energy absorbing system; at least one An energy absorbing assembly disposed between the dangerous object and the sliding table assembly; each energy absorbing assembly has at least one energy absorbing element; -68- 200523434 (6) each energy absorbing element has substantially a long rectangular structure having a plurality of openings therein and a platform portion disposed between adjacent openings; each energy absorbing element is disposed substantially horizontally with respect to the sliding table; the sliding table has at least one a tearer bonded thereto and substantially aligned with the opening of each energy absorbing element; The slide has a first end facing the opposing traffic, such that a collision of the vehicle to the first end of the slide will cause the tearer to slide relative to each energy absorbing element in a longitudinal direction, and The kinetic energy of the vehicle is consumed by tearing the platform portion disposed between the associated openings. 14. The energy absorbing system according to claim 13 of the patent application, further comprising: a pair of energy absorbing assemblies extending substantially longitudinally away from the dangerous objects on the road side and separated from each other along the lateral side The tearer includes a pair of bolts; Each bolt has a generally blunt and smooth surface that is aligned with the platform portion and associated opening. 1 5 · The energy absorbing system according to item i 3 of the patent application scope further comprises: an energy absorbing assembly of the first column and the second column extending from the dangerous object along the longitudinal direction; The columns and the energy absorption assemblies of the second column are spaced apart from each other along the lateral side; and the slide has a first tearer aligned with the first column of energy absorption total -69-200523434 (7) An energy absorbing element, and a second tearer, are aligned with the energy absorbing elements of the second column of energy absorbing assemblies. The energy absorbing system according to the fifteenth aspect of the patent application, further comprising the slide assembly, having a first guide assembly and a second guide assembly, respectively operative to be respectively aligned with the first One column and two columns of energy absorption assemblies. The energy absorbing system according to the first aspect of the patent application, further comprising: a pair of energy absorbing assemblies spaced apart from each other along a lateral side; the sliding table assembly is slidably coupled to each energy absorption And an energy absorbing assembly having at least one energy absorbing element disposed substantially horizontally relative to the slide assembly and the road. 1 8. The energy absorbing system according to claim 13 wherein the energy absorbing assembly further comprises: a pair of support beams disposed parallel to each other; at least one energy absorbing element coupled to each pair of support beams; the support beams being spaced apart from each other such that each tearer is capable of contacting the associated energy absorbing element, To consume energy from vehicle impact: and the energy absorbing elements are disposed substantially horizontally relative to the pair of associated support beams. 1 9. The energy absorbing system according to claim 13 wherein the energy absorbing assembly further comprises: -70-200523434 (8) a pair of support beams disposed parallel to each other; at least one energy absorbing element coupled to Each pair of support beams; the support beams are spaced apart from each other such that each tearer is capable of contacting the associated energy absorbing element to consume energy from vehicle impact: and the energy absorbing elements are relatively The pair of associated support beams are generally vertically disposed. 20. The energy absorbing system of claim 13, further comprising: a first tearer and a second tearer assembly; each energy absorbing assembly having at least one energy absorbing element coupled thereto And the slide assembly is slidably coupled to each of the energy absorbing assemblies. 2 1 · A method for absorbing energy to minimize the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, comprising the steps of installing at least one energy absorbing assembly having at least one energy An absorbing member adjacent to the dangerous object such that the at least one energy absorbing assembly and at least the energy absorbing member can be disposed between the vehicle moving along the associated road and the dangerous object; installing a sliding table assembly having at least a tearer disposed adjacent one end of the at least one energy absorbing assembly opposite the dangerous object; and an orientation of each of the tearers of the slide assembly is substantially perpendicular to the at least one energy Absorbing element. The method of claim 21, further comprising installing each of the energy absorbing assemblies such that the at least one energy absorbing element is substantially horizontally disposed relative to the associated road. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising installing each energy absorbing assembly such that the at least one energy absorbing element is substantially vertically disposed relative to the associated road. An energy absorbing system for minimizing the collision between the vehicle and the dangerous object, comprising: the energy absorbing system having a first end and a second end; the second end of the energy absorbing system is disposed at Adjacent to the dangerous object, the first end extends from the longitudinal direction; a slide assembly is slidably disposed adjacent to the first end of the energy absorbing system; a support frame slidably disposed on the first guard rail and the second guard rail between the sliding table assembly and the dangerous object; The sheet support frames are spaced apart from one another along the lengthwise direction; and a plurality of sheets joined to the sheet support frames and extending longitudinally along opposite sides of the energy absorbing system . The energy absorbing system according to claim 24, further comprising: an energy absorption assembly of the first column, and an energy absorption assembly of the second column, extending from the dangerous substance; the first column and The second column of energy absorbing assemblies are spaced apart from each other along the lateral side; -72- 200523434 ( ίο) each energy absorbing assembly has at least one energy absorbing element; the sliding table assembly includes a first tear a diffuser and a second tearer mounted thereon and substantially vertically aligned with the associated energy absorbing element; and the slide assembly has a first end facing the opposing traffic, thus the vehicle Colliding to the first end of the slide assembly will cause each tearer to consume the kinetic energy of the vehicle by tearing the associated energy absorbing element. 26. The energy absorbing system of claim 24, further comprising: an elongated slot formed on each of the plates; an associated slot plate slidably disposed in each slot; each slot is secured Bonding to one of the plate support frames such that the plate support frame and the associated plate can be longitudinally moved relative to each other; Each of the longitudinal slots has an enlarged portion that is larger in size than the associated slot plate. 2 7. A method for absorbing energy to minimize the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, comprising the steps of installing a pair of energy absorbing assemblies adjacent to the dangerous object Whereas each energy absorbing assembly has an associated energy absorbing element; a sliding table assembly is mounted having a pair of tearers adjacent to the energy absorbing assembly in the opposite direction of traffic and At the end between the energy absorbing assemblies, and -73-200523434 (11) aligning the slide assembly and the pair of tearers to the energy absorbing assemblies such that the orientation of each tearer is substantially The energy absorbing element is oriented upwardly perpendicular to the phase energy absorbing assembly. 28. The method of claim 27, further comprising installing each energy absorbing assembly such that its respective energy absorbing element is disposed substantially horizontally relative to the road. υ 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising installing each energy absorbing assembly such that the respective energy absorbing elements are substantially vertically disposed relative to the road. An energy absorbing system for minimizing the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, comprising: the energy absorbing system having a first end and a second end; the energy The second end of the absorbent system is disposed adjacent to the dangerous object, and the first end extends therefrom; a pair of guardrails 'extending between the first end of the energy absorbing system and the second end of the energy absorbing system; a slide assembly 'slidably disposed on the equal guardrail adjacent the first end of the energy absorbing system; a plurality of slab support frames slidably disposed on the guard rails between the slide assembly and the second end of the energy absorbing system; the slab support frames having a first position along the longitudinal The long sides are spaced apart from each other; the plurality of sheets are joined to the slide assembly and the support frames of the sheets -74-200523434 (12) longitudinal grooves formed on each of the sheets; slidably disposed on The relevant slot plate of each slot; each slot plate is firmly coupled to one of the plate support frames, so that the plate support frame and the associated plate can be longitudinally moved relative to each other in 5 directions And an enlarged portion formed adjacent to an upstream end of each of the longitudinal grooves for disassembling the associated plate from the associated plate support frame after the vehicle collides with the slide assembly . 3 1 . An energy absorbing system for minimizing the collision between a vehicle moving along a road and a dangerous object, comprising: at least one energy absorbing assembly having a pair of support beams, at least one An energy absorbing element is coupled to the support beams; the energy absorbing system has a first end and a second end; and the energy absorbing system is configured to extend the energy absorbing element substantially horizontally relative to the road. 3 2 · The energy absorbing system according to claim 31, further comprising: a plurality of openings disposed on each of the support beams, and an associated opening formed on each of the energy absorbing elements; a plurality of mechanical buckles a member extending through the hole in the energy absorbing member and the associated hole in the support beam 90; a double force device disposed on each of the energy absorbing members opposite to each of the support beams; and a plurality of each of the multiple force devices The upper opening, and each mechanical fastener -75- 200523434 (13) runs through the relevant hole in the booster. 3. The energy absorbing system of claim 31, further comprising: each energy absorbing element having a substantially rectangular structure, partially from the first longitudinally long edge and the second longitudinal length The openings of the first row and the second row are disposed along the first longitudinal edge and the second longitudinal edge of each energy absorbing element; and the third column opening is provided with a platform therebetween The portion extends along the length of each energy absorbing element and is located between the openings of the first and second columns. 34. The energy absorbing system of claim 33, wherein the mechanical fastener further comprises: a plurality of headless bolts that securely engage the holes in the support beam; and The size of the headless bolts and the associated openings in the first and second columns of the support beam are selected such that each energy absorbing element can be disassembled from the associated support beam without the head bolts being removed. , mounted to or removed from each support beam. The energy absorbing system according to claim 34, further comprising: a plurality of bolts having a head, engaging the holes in the first row and the second row of the support beams and the holes in the support beam; At least one of the headless bolts is disposed between the bolts having the heads. 3 6. According to the energy absorption system of claim 31, paragraph-76-200523434 (14) includes: at least one nut holder firmly engaged with each support beam and associated energy absorption a component opposite; a nut disposed within each nut holder; and the nut operative to receive a bolt extending through a hole in the associated support beam to securely couple the support beam to the support beam on. The energy absorbing system according to claim 36, wherein the nut holder further comprises: a plate having a slightly rectangular structure and a size compatible with the coupling member coupled to the associated support beam a first hole disposed on the holder plate, and a second hole disposed on the holder plate; the first hole being sized to receive a first machine extending through the associated energy absorbing element and the support beam Fastener The second aperture is sized to receive a second mechanical fastener extending through the associated energy absorbing element and the support beam. 38. The energy absorbing system of claim 37, further comprising: a retaining plate coupled to the nut holder plate opposite the support beam; the first end of the retaining plate being securely engaged with the first a mechanical fastener; and a second end of the retaining plate disposed adjacent the nut for securing the nut within the retainer plate in a releasable manner. -77-