CN102108687B - Energy attenuating safety system - Google Patents

Energy attenuating safety system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102108687B
CN102108687B CN201010624221.8A CN201010624221A CN102108687B CN 102108687 B CN102108687 B CN 102108687B CN 201010624221 A CN201010624221 A CN 201010624221A CN 102108687 B CN102108687 B CN 102108687B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
energy
assembly
absorbing
energy absorber
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201010624221.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102108687A (en
Inventor
詹姆斯·R·阿尔韦里托恩
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EXODYNE TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Original Assignee
EXODYNE TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EXODYNE TECHNOLOGIES Inc filed Critical EXODYNE TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Publication of CN102108687A publication Critical patent/CN102108687A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102108687B publication Critical patent/CN102108687B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F15/00—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact
    • E01F15/14—Safety arrangements for slowing, redirecting or stopping errant vehicles, e.g. guard posts or bollards; Arrangements for reducing damage to roadside structures due to vehicular impact specially adapted for local protection, e.g. for bridge piers, for traffic islands
    • E01F15/145—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers
    • E01F15/146—Means for vehicle stopping using impact energy absorbers fixed arrangements

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

An energy attenuating safety system is provided to reduce or eliminate severity of a collision between a moving vehicle and a roadside hazard, wherein an energy absorbing system with one or more energy absorbing assemblies may be installed adjacent various roadside hazards or may be installed on highway service equipment. One end of the system may face oncoming traffic. A collision by a motor vehicle with a sled assembly may result in shredding or rupturing of portions of an energy absorbing element to dissipate energy from the vehicle collision.

Description

Energy attenuating safety system
divisional application explanation
The application is that application number is 200480036741.X, the applying date to be that on December 9th, 2004, denomination of invention are the divisional application of the application for a patent for invention of " energy attenuating safety system ".
Technical field
Relate generally to energy absorber system of the present invention.More specifically, the part fragmentation or the fracture that the present invention relates to by making energy absorbing element weaken the fierce degree of colliding between motor vehicles and obstruction.
Background technology
Prevent with various shock puncture device and energy absorber system or reduced the infringement causing due to the collision between mobile motor vehicles and various obstruction or bar.Existing shock puncture device and energy absorber system such as bumper or anticollision barrier comprise various types of energy absorbing elements.The inertia force that some anticollision barriers depend in the time that material (such as sand) is accelerated in knockout process absorbs energy.Other anticollision barrier comprises deformable element.
Some in these devices and system have developed obstruction or the bar for narrow roadside, such as, the end at middle guardrail end place, along the guardrail of road edge, large marker post place and bridge pier or the centre pier place adjacent with road.This shock puncture device and energy absorber system are installed by this way, and which minimizes degree to personal injury and the degree with the infringement of any building relevant to marginal obstruction or equipment to vehicle impact as far as possible.
The example of general shock puncture device is shown in following patent: the U.S. Patent No. 5,011,326 that is entitled as " NarrowStationary Impact Attenuation System "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 4,352,484 of " Shear Action and Compression Energy Absorber "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 4,645,375 of " Stationary Impact Attenuation System "; And be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 3,944,187 of " Roadway Impact Attenuator ".The example of special energy absorber system is shown in following patent: the U.S. Patent No. 4,928,928 that is entitled as " GuardrailExtruder Terminal "; And be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 5,078,366 of " GuardrailExtruder Terminal ".Meet example for the energy absorber system of highway barrier system requirements shown in following patent: the U.S. Patent No. 4,655,434 that is entitled as " Energy AbsorbingGuardrail Terminal "; And be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 5,957,435 of " Energy-Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal and Method ".
Be suitable for that low speed moves or the shock puncture device of highway service vehicle that stops and the example of energy absorber system shown in following patent: the U.S. Patent No. 5,248,129 that is entitled as " Energy Absorbing Roadside CrashBarrier "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 5,199,755 of " Vehicle Impact AttenuatingDevice "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 4,711,481 of " Vehicle Impact AttenuatingDevice "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 4,008,915 of " Impact Barrier for Vehicles ".
Clash into other example of puncture device and energy absorber system shown in following patent: the U.S. Patent No. 5,947,452 that is entitled as " Energy Absorbing Crash Cushion "; Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 6,293,727 of " Energy Absorbing Systems for Fixed Roadside Hazards TRACC "; And be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 6,536,985 of " Energy Absorbing System for Fixed RoadsideHazards ".Above-mentioned patent is attached in the application by reference.
In national cooperation highway research project (NCHRP) report 350, introduce the recommended program for evaluating various types of highway safety devices (comprising bumper).Bumper is normally defined the device that is designed to make vehicle impact safety stop in short distance relatively.NCHRP report 350 is also further categorized as bumper " being redirected " or " non-redirected ".Redirected bumper is designed to hold and be redirected the vehicle clashing into downstream from front end or the end of bumper, and the front end (nose) of the bumper wherein extending from marginal obstruction or end face are to the oncoming vehicles.Non-redirected bumper is designed to hold and catch the vehicle clashing into downstream from the front end of bumper.
Crashproof the paying somebody's debt and expecting repayment later further of being redirected is categorized as " gating " or " non-gating " device.Gating bumper is to be designed to allow controlled penetrate of vehicle between the beginning that needs length (LON) of bumper front end and bumper.Non-gating bumper can be designed to have redirected ability along its whole length.
Summary of the invention
According to instruction of the present invention, substantially weakened or eliminated with shortcoming and the restriction of previous energy absorber system and shock puncture device.An aspect of of the present present invention comprises and can or be positioned at the energy absorber system of the adjacent installation of obstruction on road with marginal obstruction, with these obstruction collision processes in protect the passenger of vehicle.This system can comprise at least one energy-absorbing assembly, and this energy-absorbing assembly dissipates from the energy of the vehicle clashing into mutually with the relative end with obstruction of this system.In the time of an end of vehicle collision energy absorber system, a part at least one energy absorbing element can broken or fracture, to dissipate from the kinetic energy of vehicle and the deceleration in tolerance interval is provided, thereby minimizes the injury to Vehicular occupant.Each energy absorbing element can be basically perpendicular to relevant destroyer and arrange.For some application, each destroyer can essentially horizontally be arranged with respect to correlation energy absorber element.For other application, each destroyer can be arranged substantially vertically with respect to energy absorbing element.
Technological merit of the present invention comprises provides relative compact, modular energy absorption system, its be applicable to the knockout process of various obstructions in protect vehicle.Can use the industrial known technique of traditional material and highway safety to manufacture with respect to low becoming originally in conjunction with the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction.The system obtaining combines the structure design of innovation, and it has used highly measurable and reliable energy absorption technology.Such system can be relatively low after Vehicular impact cost easily repair.
Move through to making substantially vertical orientated destroyer the block that disabling mechanism that fixed head is relevant comprises a series of less thumbnail sizes, along with destroyer longitudinally advances through fixed head, this block is broken up or broken or fracture from the fixed head in destroyer front.For other application, the destroyer that is basically perpendicular to fixed head orientation can produce single line inefficacy along with destroyer vertically moves in destroyer front through fixed head.The material of fracture can uniaxially or in addition around destroyer ground deflection.In conjunction with instruction of the present invention, destroyer with have that cooperating between opening and the energy absorbing element of plate causes substantially linking up, reliable failure mode, it moves through when associated plate arrives another opening and again starts from an opening when each destroyer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, bumper can be provided with destroyer and one or more energy absorbing element, carrys out performance and the repeatability of optimization bumper with the part fragmentation by making at least one energy absorbing element or fracture.Each energy absorbing element can have plate and opening alternately, and plate and opening cooperate the vehicle of an end of clashing into bumper to be provided to safety, repeatably slow down mutually.Bumper can comprise that first-phase is to soft part, to absorb from small-sized, light weight vehicle and/or the shock of moving vehicle at a slow speed.Bumper can have mid portion, and this mid portion has one or more energy absorbing elements and associated openings and plate.The size of opening and/or plate can be along the change in length of each energy absorbing element, so that the optimized deceleration to vehicle impact to be provided.Bumper can have the 3rd or decline, the 3rd or decline there is one or more energy absorbing elements and associated openings and plate, its instruction according to the present invention is designed to absorb the shock of gravity type, hot-short.The present invention can allow to be reduced to by changing plate between size, the opening of opening or the spacing of fragment and/or the size of each energy absorbing element the quantity or the length that dissipate from the required energy absorbing element of the energy of vehicle impact.For some application, energy-absorbing assembly can be formed with two or more stacking energy absorbing elements mutually.
Technological merit of the present invention can be including: the bumper of relatively low cost and the security system of other types that meet the NCHRP comprising 3 grades of testing standards and report 350 standards are provided.The security system with the energy-absorbing assembly of instructing in conjunction with the present invention can meet the requirements and use under severe environmental conditions, and insensitive for cold or moisture.This system can easily be installed, operation, examination and maintenance.This system can be arranged in new or existing pitch or concrete mats.The Assembling that clashes into puncture device and energy absorbing member can be eliminated or greatly reduce to modular safety system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction.Hold that easily changeable parts allow after harmful collision and side impaction fast, repairing cheaply.The removal of being easily out of shape or hold flexible material has further minimized any infringement effect from the harmful collision to system and/or side impaction.
Technological merit of the present invention can comprise modular energy absorption system, and this modular energy absorption system can or can easily move to another temporary position (territory, secondary service area) from a temporary position (the first work territory, work area) for permanent marginal obstruction.Security system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can also be arranged on the highway service equipment of truck and other type.
Technological merit of the present invention can also comprise: one or more energy-absorbing assemblies are installed, and it has locational each energy absorbing element of the basic horizontal of being arranged in.As a result, to after the Vehicular impact of relevant bumper or other energy absorber system, can more easily change and/or repair energy absorbing element.
Energy absorber system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can have the energy-absorbing assembly of arranging with various structures.For some application, can be adjacent to install only single file energy-absorbing assembly with bar.For other application, three or more row energy-absorbing assemblies can be installed.And every row can only have an energy-absorbing assembly or multiple energy-absorbing assembly.The present invention allows to revise energy absorber system, is tied and not affined passenger's injury thereby be minimized in the various vehicles that travel with various speed.
Energy absorber system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can more easily be repaired after Vehicular impact.Energy absorbing element can be arranged in horizontal level, and is attached to securely other parts of energy absorber system by the machanical fastener of small number relatively.For example, bolt and related nut can be for providing chucking power or the structural strength of three or four bolts and related nut.As a result, energy absorbing element can be changed sooner and more easily after Vehicular impact.Panel along energy absorber system side attaching can faster and more easily replacing after Vehicular impact.For some application, can hold easily changeable module for by energy absorbing element fragmentation, to dissipate from the energy of Vehicular impact.Each module can comprise the blunt destroyer that holds easily changeable bolt or other type.The present invention does not comprise cutter or the sharp edges of any type.Can be used as modular unit in conjunction with the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction and install, after the shock of vehicle, dismantle and use as modular unit new module unit replacement.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with the drawings with reference to following explanation, can the present invention be obtained more completely and be understood, in the accompanying drawings, similar reference number represents similar feature, wherein:
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram, and it shows the equidistant stereogram in conjunction with the part removal of the destroyer of the present invention's instruction and energy-absorbing assembly;
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section that the part of getting along the line 2-2 of Fig. 1 is removed;
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram, the equidistant diagram of decomposition that the part that its energy absorption that shows the instruction according to the present invention is received assembly and energy absorbing element is removed, and wherein energy absorbing element has the plate or the fragment that are arranged between each opening or hole;
Fig. 4 A is schematic diagram, and it shows the top view of removing in conjunction with the part of the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction;
Fig. 4 B is schematic diagram, its show vehicle with an end collision of the energy absorber system of Fig. 4 A after the top view removed of part;
Fig. 4 C is schematic diagram, and it shows the top view in conjunction with another energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction;
Fig. 5 is schematic diagram, and it shows the elevation of removing in conjunction with the part of the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that part is removed, and it shows the energy absorber system shown in Fig. 5, relevant destroyer; The decomposition view of energy-absorbing assembly and guide rail;
Fig. 7 is schematic diagram, and it shows along the equidistant stereogram of the stacked panel of arranging in conjunction with the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction;
Fig. 8 is schematic diagram, and it shows the cross section of can mutually slide the first upstream panel of layout and the removal of the part of the second downstream panel;
Fig. 9 is schematic diagram, and it shows according to the present invention instruction and be applicable to the equidistant stereogram of the geosynclinal block that panel and panel support frame are releasably coordinated;
Figure 10 is schematic diagram, and it shows the equidistant stereogram in conjunction with the energy absorber system of invention instruction and the removal of relevant carriage assembly part;
Figure 11 is schematic diagram, and it shows another equidistant stereogram of the energy absorber system of Figure 10 and the removal of the part of carriage assembly;
Figure 12 is the cross section front elevational schematic that part is removed, and it shows the carriage assembly of Figure 10 and another view of correlation energy absorption system;
Figure 13 is schematic diagram, and it shows the top view of carriage assembly, destroyer and the correlation energy absorbent assembly of Figure 10 and the removal of the part of correlation energy absorption system;
Figure 14 is that enlarged diagram is faced in the cross section that the part of getting along the line 14-14 of Figure 13 is removed;
Figure 15 is the schematic diagram that part is removed, and it shows the equidistant stereogram of decomposition in conjunction with all energy-absorbing assemblies as shown in figure 14 of the present invention's instruction;
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that part is removed, and it shows the top view in conjunction with the energy absorbing element of the present invention's instruction; And
Figure 17 is the schematic cross-section that part is removed, and it shows and is applicable to the panel support frame of the energy absorber system of instruction according to the present invention and attached panel.
The specific embodiment
By reference to Fig. 1-17 of accompanying drawing, the present invention may be better understood and advantage, and similar label is used for representing part corresponding to phase Sihe in accompanying drawing.
Term " longitudinally ", " longitudinally " and " linearity " are generally used for orientation and/or the motion described in the substantially parallel direction of the parts relevant to the energy absorber system that combines the present invention's instruction travel direction on the road of being correlated with vehicle (not being clearly shown that).Term " horizontal " was generally used for and describes orientation and/or the motion of the parts relevant to the energy absorber system that combines the present invention's instruction in the direction substantially vertical with vehicle (not being clearly shown that) travel direction on relevant road with " laterally ".Some parts that combine the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction can the travel direction on contiguous road be arranged with angle or tapering (not being clearly shown that) with respect to vehicle.
Term " downstream " is generally used for describes motion substantially parallel to the motion of the vehicle travelling on relevant road and in basic identical direction.Term " upstream " is generally used for describes motion substantially parallel with the motion of the vehicle travelling on relevant road but on rightabout substantially.Term " upstream " and " downstream " can also be used for being described in parts of the energy absorber system that combines the present invention's instruction with respect to the position of another parts.
Term " broken, broken, fracture and fracture " usually can be for describing the result of the energy of the destroyer mating part dissipation vehicle impact of the energy absorbing element of instruction according to the present invention.Term " broken, broken, fracture and fracture " can also be used for being described in drawing crack in the situation that there is no ablation energy absorber element part, tear and/or the combined effect of energy of rupture absorber element part.Be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 4 of " Energy Absorbing Guardrail Terminal ", 655,434 and be entitled as the U.S. Patent No. 5 of " Energy Absorbing Guardrail End Terminal and Method ", 957,435 show and will be arranged in material fragmentation between spaced openings to absorb the example of kinetic energy of vehicle impact.
Term " fork in the road " and " region, fork in the road " can be used for the region of describing two road bifurcateds or converging.Common both sides, gore are by being limited at the road edge of bifurcated or point joint.The magnitude of traffic flow is all equidirectional on two roads of being everlasting.Triangular ground region can comprise curb or marked sidewalk between road.The 3rd limit of triangular ground region or the 3rd border sometimes can be defined apart from the bifurcation of road or point and be roughly 60 (60) meters.
Term " marginal obstruction " can be for describing permanent, fixing marginal obstruction, such as the centre pier of large marker post, bridge pier or bridge or overpass bridge.Marginal obstruction can also comprise and odd-jobs that road is adjacent or between two road region.Odd-job region can comprise to road repair or build relevant various types of equipment and/or vehicle.Term " marginal obstruction " can also comprise region, fork in the road or adjacent with road and the oncoming vehicles are presented to any other building of obstacle.
Term " obstruction " and " multiple obstruction " can for marginal obstruction is described and be positioned at obstruction on road (such as, the vehicle that low speed moves or equipment and the vehicle or the equipment that stop) both.The equipment that the example of this obstruction can include but not limited to highway safety trailer and relevant road is built, safeguarded and repairs.
The various parts that combine the energy absorber system of the present invention's instruction can be formed by commercial retrievable structure steel material.The example of this material comprises steel bar, steel plate, structured steel pipe, structural iron section bar and galvanized steel.The example of structural iron section bar comprises W section bar, HP section bar, beam section bar, channel section, T-shaped section bar and angle section.Structural iron angle section can have that width equates or width limit (leg) not etc.American Iron and Steel Institute has announced and has met for the manufacture of the details of commercial retrievable all kinds structure steel material of requirement of energy absorber system that combine the present invention instruction.
For some application, the various parts that combine the energy absorber system of the present invention instruction can and be applicable to any other material of highway safety system by composite material, cermet.The present invention is not limited to only use base steel material forming energy absorption system.Any metal alloy, nonmetals that is applicable to highway safety system with and combination may be used to form the energy absorber system that combines the present invention's instruction.For some application, can be formed by mild steel in conjunction with the energy absorbing element of the present invention's instruction.
Energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can be called as bumper, crashproof jube or roadside protection system sometimes. Energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c can be used for minimizing the result of colliding between motor vehicles (being not represented for clarity) and all kinds obstruction. Energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c and other energy absorber system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can be for the application in permanent equipment and odd-job region. Energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c can be described to non-gating, redirected bumper sometimes.Can meet or exceed the requirement of 3 grades of the testing standards of NCHRP report 350 in conjunction with energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and the 20c of the present invention instruction and other energy absorber system.
To various feature of the present invention be described with regard to energy absorber system 20, the absorption energy system 20b shown in energy absorber system 20a, the Fig. 5 and 6 shown in Fig. 4 C and the energy absorber system 20c shown in Figure 10-15 shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B.Various types of destroyers and energy-absorbing assembly in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can be for energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c.The invention is not restricted to destroyer 116 and 216, energy-absorbing assembly 86 and 286 or relevant energy absorbing element 100,100a, 100b, 100c and 100d.
For some application, energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c can be used as modules cellular installation.Meanwhile, the various parts of each energy absorber system and/or subsystem can be used as the separate modular installation or removal of separation.For example, energy-absorbing assembly can be formed as row and coordinate with each cross bar (cross tie) and the guide rail of instructing formation according to the present invention.Then the basic module, obtaining can be adjacent to install with obstruction.Panel support frame and panel can also be manufactured and be assembled into module or a series of module, and it is transported on building site for being arranged on relevant basic module.Carriage assembly 40,40a, 40b and 40 are can also be as individual module assembled and be transported to building site.Instruct the screw element (threader) of formation can also be installed as replaceable module according to the present invention.
Energy absorber system 20 and 20a can comprise carriage assembly 40.Energy absorber system 20b can comprise carriage assembly 40b.Energy absorber system 20c can comprise carriage assembly 40c.The first end 41 of each carriage assembly 40,40b and 40c generally can be corresponding to the first end of correlation energy absorption system 20,20a and 20b and 20c 21.The material that is used to form carriage assembly 40,40b and 40c is preferably selected to and allows carriage assembly 40,40b and 40c after being clashed into by hot-short, still to keep complete.
The size of the first end 41 of carriage assembly 40,40b and the 40c partly being limited by angle post 42 and 43, ceiling hold 141 and lower supporter 51 and structure can be chosen to collect or collect and obtain vehicle impact.In collision process between motor vehicles and the first end 21 of energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b or 20c, the kinetic energy that carrys out self collision vehicle can be transferred to from first end 41 miscellaneous part of relevant carriage assembly 40,40b or 40c.Even if the size of end 41 and structure can also be chosen to also can effectively shift in the following cases kinetic energy,, even clash into end 41 even if vehicle does not clash into first end 41 center or vehicle with the angle of the longitudinal axis that is not parallel to correlation energy absorption system 20,20a, 20b and 20c.
Each panel 160 can be attached to each carriage assembly 40,40b and the 40c side that extend from each first end 41.Based on the object of describing various features of the present invention, figure 5 illustrates the panel 160 disconnecting from the side of carriage assembly 40b.In Figure 10 and 11, dismantle panel 160 from a side of carriage assembly 40c.
Marginal obstruction 310 shown in Fig. 4 A, 4C and 5 can be along the edge of road (being not represented for clarity) or the concrete jube of side extension.Marginal obstruction 310 can also be along the middle concrete jube extending between two road.Marginal obstruction 310 can be permanent equipment or the interim equipment relevant to working region.Although concrete jube and other bar adjacent with road or that be arranged in road can be moved or dismantle sometimes, marginal obstruction 310 can also be described as " fixing " jube or " fixing " bar sometimes.Energy absorber system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction is not limited to only for concrete jube.Energy absorber system in conjunction with the present invention's instruction can be adjacent to install with all kinds obstruction of facing the oncoming vehicles.
The destroyer of instructing in conjunction with the present invention and the example of energy absorber system are shown in Fig. 1-3.As shown in Figure 1,2 and 3, energy-absorbing assembly 86 is called as " box-girder " sometimes.Energy-absorbing assembly 86 can comprise a pair of brace summer 90, this to brace summer 90 longitudinally parallel to each other arrange and apart from one another by.Each brace summer 90 can have the cross section of basic C shape or U-shaped.Brace summer 90 can be described as groove sometimes.
Each brace summer 90 of C shape cross section can, mutually in the face of arranging, think that each energy-absorbing assembly 86 defines basic rectangular cross section.The C shape cross section of each brace summer 90 can partly define by web (web) 92 with from the flange 94,96 of its extension.Multiple holes 98 can be formed in flange 94,96, with by one or more energy absorbing elements 100 and energy-absorbing assembly 86 attachings.For one application, brace summer or groove 90 can have the entire length of approximately 11 feet, the web width of approximately 5 inches and the flange height of approximately 2 inches.Multiple securing member can be inserted the hole 98 in brace summer 90 and be formed at the corresponding aperture 108 in energy absorbing element 100, with ground attaching energy absorbing element 100 and the brace summer 90 of meeting the requirements.
For the embodiment shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3, securing member 103 preferably extends through each hole 98 in each hole 108 and the flange 94 and 96 in energy absorbing element 100.Securing member 103 can be chosen to allow easily to change energy absorbing element 100 after an end collision of motor vehicles and correlation energy absorption system.
A requirement of attaching energy absorbing element 100 and brace summer 90 is included between brace summer 90 the suitably broken region 118 of size is set as shown in Figure 3, to hold relevant destroyer 116.For some application, can meet the requirements and use compared with stay bolt with compared with the combination of lag bolt.For other application, machanical fastener can be countersunk head screw rivet and relevant nut.Multiple sunk head rivet, bolt and other securing member can meet the requirements for the present invention.The example of these securing members can be from being positioned at 6Thomas, Irvine, and the Huck International company of California 92718-2585 obtains.Meeting the power tool that these sunk head rivets are installed also can obtain from Huck International and other producers.
For the embodiment shown in Fig. 1,2 and 3, only have an energy absorbing element 100 can be attached to the flange 94 in energy-absorbing assembly 86 1 sides.For some application, another energy absorbing element 100 can be attached to the flange 96 on the opposite side of energy-absorbing assembly 86.For other application, multiple energy absorbing elements 100 and separator (being not represented for clarity) can be attached to one of flange 94 and 96 or both.
Can form the longitudinal centre line along energy absorbing element 100 extends substantially a line hole or opening 110.Opening or hole 110 can also be described as perforation.For some application, opening 110 can have basic circular structure, and it has the diameter of approximately 1 inch.As shown in Figure 1,2 and 3, preferably space of opening 110, and there is each plate or the plate section 112 that are arranged in therebetween.According to instruction of the present invention, the spacing between adjacent hole 110, the size in hole 110 and the plate of correspondence or the size of fragment 112 can change, to control as making each destroyer 116 move through the amount of its required power or energy.
In the situation that not there is not opening 110, making destroyer 116 move through the required power of energy absorbing element 100 can change according to the particular type of failure mechanism.To make destroyer 116 longitudinally move through the failure mechanism that fixed head (solid plate) is relevant can be along the change in length of fixed head.In the time that destroyer 116 longitudinally moves through energy absorbing element 100, the existence of opening 110 and fragment 112 causes repeatability and the accuracy of the energy absorption improving.
According to instruction of the present invention, structure and the size of opening 110 and fragment 112 can change considerably, think that correlation energy absorbent assembly provides the energy absorption characteristics needing.For example, opening 110 can have circle, ellipse, flute profile, rectangle, star or any other suitable geometrical construction substantially.
For some application, opening 110 and fragment 112 can have along the basic size uniformly of each energy absorbing element 100.For other application, the size of the size of opening 110 and/or each fragment 112 can change, so that the deceleration of " soft " to be relatively provided when the vehicle initial impact correlation energy absorbent assembly, and then increase deceleration or increase energy absorption along the mid portion of correlation energy absorber element 100.Along with the speed of vehicle impact reduces, the decline of correlation energy absorber element 100 can provide the deceleration that reduces or the energy absorption of minimizing.
Or the opening 110 in energy absorbing element 100 needs not be discrete, and can be interconnected by groove (being not represented for clarity).In the time that destroyer 116 moves through opening 116 and relevant groove, resisted the motion of destroyer 116 by groove (this groove the interconnects opening 110) energy absorbing element 100 separating.Destroyer 116 can be bending or otherwise make the groove distortion in energy absorbing element 100, wherein energy is absorbed and dissipates.
The quantity of energy absorbing element 100 and their length and thickness can change according to the expection application of formed energy-absorbing assembly.Increase the kinetic energy that the quantity of energy absorbing element, the thickness that increases them and/or increase length allow the energy-absorbing assembly dissipation recruitment forming.Advantage of the present invention comprises such ability, that is, change geometrical construction and the quantity of opening 110 and fragment 112 and select suitable material forming energy absorber element 100 according to the expection application of formed energy-absorbing assembly.Energy absorbing element 100 and other parts of the energy absorber system of instructing in conjunction with the present invention can be electroplated, to guarantee that they keep its required tensile strength and are not subject to the impact of ambient conditions, wherein ambient conditions can cause and gets rusty or corrode in the length of life of correlation energy absorption system.
For some embodiment shown in Fig. 1-3,5 and 6, each destroyer 116 can layout adjacent with one end of energy absorber system 86.As discussed in more detail below, according to instruction of the present invention, a pair of destroyer 116 can be attached to carriage assembly 40b.For some application, destroyer 116 can be arranged with respect to carriage assembly 40b and relevant road (being not represented for clarity) basic horizontal.Each energy absorbing element 100 and associated groove 102 can be arranged substantially vertically with respect to each destroyer 116 and relevant road.
The size relevant to each destroyer 116 preferably with groove 102 and broken region 118 compatibilities, its middle slot 102 is formed in the end of each destroyer 116 of vicinity of each energy absorbing element 100, and broken region 118 is formed between associated support beam 90.Select size, to allow destroyer 116 longitudinally to slide between the flange 94,96 of adjacent brace summer 90.For an application, the groove 102 at first end 101 places can form along the center line of energy absorbing element 100, and groove 102 has the width of approximately 3/4 inch and the length of approximately 6 inches.
The diameter of destroyer 116 can be less than the diameter of opening 110.But, always do not need such situation.The diameter of destroyer 116 can be the same with the diameter of opening 110, is even greater than the diameter of opening 110.For some application, destroyer 116 can be the rockbolt with the length of the diameter of approximately 1/2 inch and approximately 12 inches.The concrete size of destroyer 116 and correlation energy absorber element 100 can be according to the amount of the kinetic energy being dissipated by energy-absorbing assembly 86 is changed.
The material that is used to form each destroyer 116 will depend on the material that is used to form correlation energy absorber element 100.For some application, destroyer 116 can have the Rockwell hardness of minimum C39.Have the destroyer of various structures can also meet the requirements for the energy-absorbing assembly of the instruction according to the present invention, wherein various structures are such as having the cylindrical bar of basic circular cross section or having the bar (being not represented for clarity) of substantially square or rectangular cross section.
For some application, when relevant destroyer 116 vertically moves through opening 110 and fragment 112 when absorbing the energy from vehicle impact, it is relatively static or fixing that energy-absorbing assembly 86 can keep.For other application (being not represented for clarity), in the time comprising that the correlation energy absorbent assembly 86 of opening 110 and fragment 112 vertically moves to absorb the energy from vehicle impact with respect to destroyer 116, destroyer 116 can keep relatively fixing.
Energy absorbing element 100 can be provided as the deceleration characteristic of vehicle weight and speed adjustment.For example, during the initial approximately several feet of strokes of advancing through correlation energy absorbent assembly 86 at destroyer 116, can provide the two stage power of stopping or the deceleration of the vehicle that is suitable for approximately 820 kiloponds.Destroyer 116 through the remainder stroke of correlation energy absorbent assembly 86 can provide be suitable for approximately 2000 kiloponds larger vehicle stop power.The variation of position, size, structure and the quantity of energy absorbing element 100 allows energy-absorbing assembly 86 to provide the safety of vehicle between 820 kiloponds and 2000 kiloponds to slow down.
Fig. 4 A illustrates the energy absorber system 20 that is positioned at its primary importance, and it is from marginal obstruction 310 longitudinal extensions.The carriage assembly 40 that can be arranged in glidingly first end 21 places of energy absorber system 20 can be called " shock balladeur train " sometimes.During the installation and aligning of carriage assembly 40 and energy absorbing element 100, groove 102 can be for receiving each destroyer 116.The first end 21 (it comprises the first end 41 of carriage assembly 40) of energy absorber system 20 is preferably in the face of the oncoming vehicles.The second end 22 of energy absorber system 20 can be attached to the end in the face of the oncoming vehicles of marginal obstruction 310 securely.As shown in Figure 4 A, energy absorber system 20 is longitudinally arranged on its primary importance with the isolated state of the second end 22 with its first end 21 conventionally.
Multiple panel support frame 60a-60e can be reciprocally longitudinally-spaced, and be arranged in slidably between first end 21 and the second end 22.Panel support frame 60a-60e can be called " frame component " sometimes.The quantity of panel support frame can change according to the length that needs of correlation energy absorption system.Multiple panels 160 can be attached to carriage assembly 40 and panel support frame 60a-60e.Panel 160 can be called " protected apron " or " protection face board " sometimes.Figure 16 shows the example of the panel support frame that meets energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c instructions for use.
In the time of the first end 21 of Vehicular impact energy absorber system 20, carriage assembly 40 substantially longitudinally moves towards marginal obstruction 310.During this moves, energy-absorbing assembly 86 (clearly not illustrating in Fig. 4 A and 4B) is by the energy absorbing from vehicle impact.Panel support frame 60a-60e and relevant panel 160 movement relative to each other also absorb energy from the vehicle that clashes into first end 21.
Fig. 4 B illustrates carriage assembly 40 and panel support frame 60a-60e and the schematic diagram of the top view of the relevant panel 160 of adjacent avalanche mutually thereof.Carriage assembly 40 stops towards further vertically moving by panel support frame 60a-60e of marginal obstruction 310.The position of energy absorber system as shown in Figure 4 B can be called " second " position.In the process of clashing in the end 21 of most vehicle and energy absorber system 20, carriage assembly 40 will only move a part for distance between the second place shown in primary importance and Fig. 4 B as shown in Figure 4 A conventionally.
The panel support frame 60a-60e of energy absorber system 20, relevant panel 160 and other parts act synergistically mutually, the vehicle of the either side of impact energy absorb system 20 is redirected back on relevant road.Each panel 160 can be attached to carriage assembly 40, and preferably extends beyond a part for each panel 160 that has been attached to panel support frame 60a.In a corresponding way, the panel 160 that is attached to panel support frame 60a preferably extends beyond the corresponding part of the panel 160 that is attached to panel support frame 60b.Various parts counter plate support frame 60a-60e and the panel 160 of energy absorber system 20 provide basic horizontal support.
The first end 161 of each panel 160 can suitably firmly be attached to carriage assembly 40 or each panel support frame 60a-60d.Each panel 160 can also be attached to one or more downstream panel support frame 60a-60e slidably.Upstream panel 160 is stacked with downstream panel 160, to allow in the time that panel support frame 60a-60e slides toward each other, and the compression of each panel 160 or nested.The subset of panel support frame 60a-60e and panel 160 can be combined, to form single span (one-bay) combination or twin spans combination.
For illustrated object, the second end 162 of the each upstream panel 160 shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B is laterally being given prominence to quite large distance to relevant downstream panel 160 stacked places.Panel 160 can be mutually closely nested, and to be minimized in the laterally projecting of the second end 162 places, in the chamfering of the either side of vehicle and energy absorber system 20 is clashed into (reverse angle impact) process, this outstandingly may hook vehicle.
Fig. 4 C is the schematic diagram that the top view of the energy absorber system 20a that is positioned at its primary importance is shown, wherein energy absorber system 20a is from marginal obstruction 310 longitudinal extensions.Energy absorber system 20a can comprise the first end 21 of facing the oncoming vehicles and the second end 22 that is attached to securely marginal obstruction 310.Energy absorber system 20a also comprises carriage assembly 40, panel support frame 60a-60g and each panel 160.
Panel 160 along energy absorber system 20 and the extension of 20a both sides can have essentially identical structure.But the length of panel 160 can be that " single span panel " or " twin spans panel " changes according to each panel.For explanatory purposes, " across " be defined as two distances between adjacent panel support frame 60.
Be selected to and cross over three distances between panel support frame when the primary importance in them of energy absorber system 20 and 20a as the length of the panel 160 of " twin spans panel ".For example, the first end 161 of twin spans panel 160 is preferably firmly attached to upstream panel support frame 60a.The second end 162 of twin spans panel 160 is preferably slidably attached to downstream panel support frame 60c.Another panel support frame 60b is coupled to twin spans panel 160 slidably at first end 161 and the second end 162 middles.
When carriage assembly 40 knocks panel support frame 60a, panel support frame 60a follows touch panel support frame 60b, and while then contacting 60c etc., the panel 160 of panel support frame 60a-60g and attaching is accelerated towards marginal obstruction 310.The inertia of the panel 160 of panel support frame 60a-60g and attaching contributes to the deceleration of vehicle impact.
If the panel support frame of single span combination is hit, single span combination will be coupled to the relevant panel 160 of himself, and therefore has sizable inertia.In order to make the deceleration of vehicle impact become soft, be arranged in the downstream of each single span combination twin spans combinatorial optimization.When carriage assembly 40 or the first panel support frame of the one or more panel support frame that just promoted by carriage assembly 40 contact twin spans combination (for example, panel support frame 60d) time, inertia can be equal to or slightly greater than the inertia of (because longer panel 160) single span combination.For example, but in the time that second panel support frame (, panel support frame 60e) of twin spans combination is touched, the second panel support frame 60 can have lower inertia, because it is only coupled to relevant panel 160 slidably.Therefore, slow down that some weakens.
Energy absorber system 20a has following across combination: 2-2-1-2-2, and wherein " 2 " represent twin spans, and " 1 " represents single span.From carriage assembly 40 and towards marginal obstruction 310, move, energy absorber system 20a has twin spans combination (naturally using carriage assembly 40 as across counting), another twin spans combination, single span combination, then twin spans combination and the combination of another twin spans.
Energy absorber system 20b as shown in Figures 5 and 6 can comprise carriage assembly 40b and multiple energy-absorbing assembly 86, and multiple energy-absorbing assemblies 86 are aimed at along each row 188 and 189 substantially longitudinally extending from obstruction 310 and be substantially parallel to each other.Compared with carriage assembly 40, carriage assembly 40b can have modified structure.For some application, guide rail 208,209 can also be together with energy-absorbing assembly 86 attaching.With reference to figure 2 and 3.
Energy-absorbing assembly 86 can be mutually fastening by multiple lateral frames 24.Synergy between lateral frame 24 and energy-absorbing assembly 86 has obtained the energy absorber system 20b of the shelf structure with relative stiffness.As a result, for departing from, carriage assembly 40 is collided at 21 center, end or not collide the motor vehicles of end 21 with the angle of energy-absorbing assembly 86 almost parallels, energy absorber system 20b can absorb safely the shock from motor vehicles better.
As shown in Figure 5, drive end bearing bracket 83 is attached to carriage assembly 40b near the first end 21 of energy absorber system 20b.Drive end bearing bracket 83 can flexiplast shaped material the sheet of basic rectangle.The opposite edges of drive end bearing bracket 83 can be attached to the corresponding opposite side at 41 places, end of carriage assembly 40b.Drive end bearing bracket 83 can comprise multiple chevron shaped reflector lamps 84, and reflective modulator 84 is visible for the oncoming vehicles that approach marginal obstruction 310.Various types of drive end bearing brackets, reflector and/or caution sign can also be arranged on carriage assembly 40,40b and 40c above and install along each side of energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c.
For some application, every row 188 and 189 can comprise two or more energy-absorbing assemblies 86.Energy-absorbing assembly 86 in row 188 can with row 189 in energy-absorbing assembly 86 spaced.Energy-absorbing assembly 86 can be attached on the concrete substrate 308 in marginal obstruction 310 fronts securely.The energy-absorbing assembly 86 of every row 188 and 189 can have first end 187 separately, and first end 187 is conventionally corresponding with the first end 21 of energy absorber system 20b.Before Vehicular impact, the first end 41 of carriage assembly 40b also can with the adjacent layout of first end 187 of row 188 and 189.
A pair of slope 32 can be arranged at 21 places, end of energy absorber system 20b, directly clashes into the first end 187 of row 188,189 with the vehicle that prevents dilly or have a lower road clearance.Figure 10 illustrates the similar slope 32 at first end 21 places that are positioned at energy absorber system 20c.If slope 32 is not set, dilly or the vehicle with the lower road clearance may contact one or two in first end 187, and experience has the violent deceleration to the sizable infringement of vehicle and/or the injury to passenger in vehicle.Various types of slopes and other structure can be set, will correctly coordinate carriage assembly 40b with the vehicle of the end 21 of guaranteeing impact energy absorption system 20b, and directly not contact the first end 187 of row 188 and 189.
Each slope 32 can comprise shank 34, and it has from shank 34 extensions and has tapering surface 36.Connector (being not represented for clarity) can be for coordinating each slope 32 with energy-absorbing assembly 86 separately reliably.For some application, shank 34 can have the height of approximately 6.5 inches.Other parts relevant to energy absorber system 20b (such as, energy-absorbing assembly 86 and guide rail 208,209) can there is the height of basic correspondence.The height of restriction inclined-plane 32 and energy-absorbing assembly 86 will allow these parts to pass through in the under-vehicle of the end 41 of clashing into carriage assembly 40.
Tapering surface 36 can have the length of approximately 13.5 inches.The fragment that tapering surface 36 can have by the structural iron angle section (being not represented for clarity) with 3 inches × 3 inches × nominal dimension of 0.5 inch (thick) is cut into suitable length and angle forms.The fragment of structural iron angle section can be used solder technology and/or machanical fastener to be attached to each shank 34.Slope 32 can also be called " end heelpiece (end shoe) ".
Instruct the energy absorber system of formation can be arranged on concrete or pitch matrix (being not represented for clarity) or be attached to this concrete or pitch matrix according to the present invention.For the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 8, concrete substrate 308 can both longitudinally also laterally extend from marginal obstruction 310.As shown in Figures 5 and 6, energy-absorbing assembly 86 is preferably arranged on multiple cross bars 24 and is attached to securely cross bar 24.Each cross bar 24 can use each anchor bolt 26 to be fastened to concrete substrate 308.Various types of machanical fasteners except anchor bolt 26 or anchor log (anchor) can meet the requirements for fastening cross bar 24 and concrete substrate 308.The quantity of the anchor log that the quantity of cross bar and each cross bar use can change according to the needs of each energy absorber system.
Cross bar 24 can be formed by the structural iron bar with 3 inches of Nominal Widths and 0.5 inch of nominal thickness.The length of each cross bar 24 can be about 22 inches.Three holes can be formed in each cross bar 24, to hold anchor bolt 26.In the either side collision process of vehicle and energy absorber system 20, cross bar 24 is placed under tension force.The material that is used to form cross bar 24 and relative configurations thereof is selected as allowing cross bar 24 to be out of shape in response to the tension force from this side impaction, and absorbs the energy from vehicle impact.
For some installation situation, the length of anchor bolt 26 can change to approximately 18 inches (18 ") from approximately 7 inches (7 ").For some application, hole (being not represented for clarity) can be formed in pitch or concrete substrate, to receive each anchor bolt 26.Various types of adhesivess also can be placed in hole, so that anchor bolt 26 is fastened on to appropriate location.Preferably, more than anchor bolt 26 does not extend to the top of related nut 27 substantially.Concrete and pitch anchor log and other securing member that is suitable for combining in the energy absorber system of the present invention instruction in installation can be from being positioned at P.O.Box21148, Tulsa, and the Hilti company of Oklahoma 74121 obtains.
For describing the object of embodiment shown in Fig. 5 and 6, the brace summer 90 of next-door neighbour's cross bar 24 is denoted as 90a.And then arrange that each brace summer 90 is thereon denoted as 90b.Brace summer 90a, 90b can have essentially identical size and structure, comprise web 92 separately and flange or multiple flange 94 and 96 from its extension.Four cross bars 24 can be attached on the contrary with each flange 94,96 web 92 of brace summer 90a.As a result, the basic C shape cross section of each brace summer 90a extends towards the direction of leaving each cross bar 24.
The quantity that is attached to the cross bar 24 of each brace summer 90a can be used and change according to the expection of formed energy absorber system.For energy absorber system 20b, two brace summer 90a are mutually spaced, and are attached to four cross bars 24.Traditional welding technology and/or machanical fastener (being not represented for clarity) can be for attaching brace summer 90a and cross bars 24.
Pair of guide rails or nose girder 208 and 209 can be attached to each brace summer 90b.Guide rail 208 and 209 is shown in Figure 6, but not shown in Fig. 5.For some application, guide rail 208 and 209 can be formed by structural iron angle section, and this structural iron angle section has the side plate (such as 3 inches × 3 inches) of equal wide, and has the thickness of approximately 1/2 inch.For other application, can use multiple guide rail.The present invention is not limited to guide rail or nose girder 208 and 209.For the embodiment of energy absorber system 20c representative, guide rail 208 can have similar structure and size to associated support beam 290 with 209.
Guide rail 208 and 209 eachly can have the first side plate 211 and the second side plate 212 that intersect each other with approximately 90 ° of angles.Multiple holes (being not represented for clarity) can form along the length of the first side plate 211, to allow attaching guide rail 208,209 and each brace summer 90b.Machanical fastener 103a that can be longer than machanical fastener 103 can be for attaching guide rail 208,209 and brace summer 90b.
The length of guide rail 208,209 can specific energy absorption assembly 86 the length of associated row 188,189 longer.In the time that energy absorber system 20b is positioned at its second place, panel support frame 60a-60e closely arranges mutually, and it stops being moved further of carriage assembly 40b.Therefore,, for the row 188 and 189 of energy-absorbing assembly 86, do not need to have and guide rail 208 and 209 identical length.
As shown in Figures 5 and 6, angle post 42,43 can be formed by structural iron bar, and this structure steel bar has the width of approximately 4 inches and the thickness of approximately 3/4 inch.Each angle post 42,43 can have the length of approximately 32 inches.
Ceiling hold 141 is horizontal expansion between angle post 42 and 43 preferably.Lower supporter 51 preferably be close to guide rail 208,209 above and between angle post 42 and angle post 43 extend.Pair of brackets 148,149 can extend to the top position that is being close to guide rail 208,209 obliquely from ceiling hold 141.Support 148 is only shown in Fig. 5.
A pair of arrangement for guiding 54 can be attached to respectively the end of each tilt stand 148,149.An arrangement for guiding 54 is only shown in Fig. 5.The size of each arrangement for guiding 54 can be selected as the nose girder or the guide rail 208 and 209 that allow contact relevant.For some application, each arrangement for guiding 54 can be formed by the relatively short angle steel of approximate same size and structure.Arrangement for guiding 54 is cooperated with each other, to guarantee that carriage assembly 40b can be along guide rail 208 and 209 longitudinal sliding motion in the direction of associated disorders thing (such as marginal obstruction 310).The inertia of carriage assembly 40b and contribute to the deceleration of vehicle impact to the relevant friction of sliding on top at guide rail 208,209.
Major part between motor vehicles and carriage assembly 40b is clashed into and is generally occurred in the position that is substantially positioned at energy-absorbing assembly 86 tops.As a result, the vehicle clashing into end 41 will cause carriage assembly 40b to apply a torque conventionally, and this torque forces arrangement for guiding 54 to be pressed on the top of side plate 211 of each guide rail 208 and 209 downwards.
In collision process between motor vehicles and the end 41 of carriage assembly 40b, can be delivered to ceiling hold 141 from angle post 42 and 43 from the power of vehicle, be delivered to each arrangement for guiding 54 by tilt stand 148 and 149.As a result, arrangement for guiding 54 will apply power to guide rail 208 and 209, to keep the desired orientation of carriage assembly 40b with respect to energy-absorbing assembly 86.
As shown in figs. 1 and 6, connector 214 can be attached to lower supporter 51.Connector 214 can be spaced mutually, to receive each destroyer 116.Connector 224,226 is also preferably attached to each angle post 43,42 and extends from each angle post 43,42.Each destroyer 116 can be attached to connector 214,224 and 226.
Gripper shoe 234,236 preferably with correlation energy absorbent assembly 86 on the contrary with the adjacent layout of each destroyer 116.For the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 6, gripper shoe 234 can be attached to each supporting strut 43 and each connector 214.Gripper shoe 236 can be attached to each supporting strut 42 and each connector 214.Dividing plate 244 can be arranged near angle post 43 between the gripper shoe 234 of lower supporter 51 and level.Similar dividing plate (being not represented for clarity) can be installed near angle post 42 between the gripper shoe 236 of lower supporter 51 and level.Backing plate 238 can be fastened to lower supporter 51 on the contrary to relevant destroyer 116.The gripper shoe 234,236 that backing plate 238 is connector 214 and level provides extra support.
Carriage assembly 40b can be arranged on guide rail 208,209 slidably, and aims at the first end 187 of energy-absorbing assembly 86, and destroyer 116 is arranged in each groove 102.Select the size in destroyer 116 and the broken region 118 between associated support beam 90, so that each destroyer 116 is assemblied between the associated flange 94,96 of associated support beam 90.
With the collision process of energy absorber system 20b in, in the time that momentum is delivered to carriage assembly 40b from vehicle (this cause carriage assembly 40b and vehicle consistent with each otherly mobile), vehicle often experiences deceleration pulse.The function of the weight of carriage assembly 40b and the weight of vehicle and initial velocity because momentum transmission causes the amount of deceleration.When carriage assembly 40b is during to marginal obstruction 310 longitudinal sliding motion, arrangement for guiding 54 will contact each guide rail 208 and 209, to keep desired aligning between carriage assembly 40b, energy-absorbing assembly 86, destroyer 116 and each broken region 118.
In the time of the first end 41 of Vehicular impact carriage assembly 40b, carriage assembly 40b will move towards obstruction 310.The destroyer 116 that is arranged in each groove 102 will match with adjacent energy absorbing element 100.Destroyer 116, by moving through the first adjacent plate or fragment 112, makes the material fragmentation in plate 112.Each destroyer 116 will be through the first plate 112, and enter the first opening 110.Destroyer 116 will then enter next plate 112, make material fragmentation.Along with destroyer 116 is through the opening 110 between plate 112 and each plate 112, this process will repeat.By guarantee destroyer 116 be not only retained in by the expected path of energy absorbing element 100 and but also energy absorbing element 100 is ruptured by power that can estimate, opening 110 provides reliability in the time of the inefficacy of correlation energy absorber element 100.
The core between each brace summer 90 of each energy absorbing element 100 will be broken, and the top of each energy absorbing element 100 and bottom still remain fixed to each brace summer 90 by bolt 103.In the time that carriage assembly 40b continues to promote each destroyer 116 through energy absorbing element 100, the core of each energy absorbing element 100 continues to be broken.In the time that the kinetic energy from vehicle impact has been absorbed, the fragmentation of the part of energy absorbing element 100 will stop.After destroyer 116 passes through, one or more energy absorbing elements 100 will be divided into top and the bottom (being not represented for clarity).
The length of each row 188,189 relevant to energy absorber system 20b can be selected to obtain long enough, provides the multiple stages that are suitable for its deceleration after having moved through the front portion of the energy absorbing element with " relatively soft " with the hot-short for large-scale at carriage assembly 40b.Conventionally,, compared with the energy absorbing element of first end 21 adjacent installations, install and be expert at 188,189 mid portion and be close to relatively " firm " of energy absorbing element of every row end.
Panel support frame 60a-60e can have essentially identical size and structure.Therefore, will in detail panel support frame 60e as shown in figure 17 be only described in detail.Panel support frame 60e has basic rectangular configuration, and it is partly by defining with the first pillar 68 of guide rail 209 adjacent layouts with the second pillar 69 of guide rail 208 adjacent layouts.Ceiling hold 61 horizontal expansion between the first pillar 68 and the second pillar 69.Lower supporter 62 horizontal expansion between the first pillar 68 and the second pillar 69.The length of pillar 68,69 and the position of lower supporter 62 are selected as making in the time that panel support frame 60e is arranged on guide rail 208,209, and lower supporter 62 contacts guide rail 208,209, but pillar 68,69 does not contact concrete substrate 308.
Multiple arm supports 63,64,65,70 and 71 can be arranged between pillar 68 and 69, ceiling hold 61 and lower supporter 62, so that rigid structures to be provided.For some application, arm support 63,64,65,70,71 and/or pillar 68,69 can be formed by relatively heavier structural iron parts.In addition, arm support 65 can be arranged on the lower position place on pillar 68,69.Can select the weight of support frame 60a-60e and the position of relevant arm support, with the side impaction process of energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b or 20c in needed intensity is provided.
Fin 66 can be attached to the end adjacent with concrete substrate 308 of pillar 69, and laterally extends towards energy-absorbing assembly 86.Fin 67 is attached to the end adjacent with concrete substrate 308 of pillar 68, and laterally extends towards energy-absorbing assembly 86. Fin 66,67 and lower supporter 62 are collaborative, with with in energy absorber system 20b side impaction process by panel support frame 60e keep match with guide rail 208,209, thereby prevent or be minimized in perpendicular to the rotation in guide rail 208,209 directions, and allow panel support frame 60e towards marginal obstruction 310 longitudinal sliding motions simultaneously.
From being delivered to panel support frame 60a-60g from panel 160 with the shock of the vehicle of the either side collision of energy-absorbing assembly 20,20a, 20b or 20c.The power of Transverse Impact, by being then delivered to relevant guide rail 208 and/or 209 from panel support frame 60a-60g, is delivered to energy-absorbing assembly 86 by cross bar 24 and machanical fastener 26, then arrives concrete substrate 308.Cross bar 24, machanical fastener 26, energy-absorbing assembly 86, guide rail 208,209 and panel support frame 60a-60g with the side impaction process of energy absorber system in cross binding is provided.
When vehicle initial impact is during in the face of the carriage assembly 40b of the oncoming vehicles, any do not fasten the safety belt or the passenger of other restraint device may launch forward from their seat.The passenger who is retrained suitably will be slowed down conventionally together with vehicle.In the short period section of advancing along guide rail 208,209 at carriage assembly 40 and distance, not affined passenger may unsettled at vehicle interior (airborne).The decelerative force that is applied to impact vehicle in this same time section may be very large.But, the interior section (such as windshield (being not represented for clarity)) that contacts vehicle not affined passenger before, the decelerative force that is applied to vehicle will be reduced to reduced levels conventionally, to minimize may injure the passenger that is not tied.
The tilt stand 148,149 of carriage assembly 40b and/or the part of ceiling hold 141 be touch panel support frame 60a, and panel support frame 60a follows touch panel support frame 60b and any other is arranged in the panel support frame in carriage assembly 40b downstream.Carriage assembly 40b causes panel support frame 60a-60e and relevant panel 160 thereof mutually to compress towards the movement of obstruction 310.Along with carriage assembly 40b from the first end 21 of energy absorber system 20b in the time that the second end 22 vertically moves, the inertia of panel support frame 60 and relevant panel 160 thereof will further make vehicle impact slow down.Panel 160 compresses each other or slides and produces extra frictional force, and this also contributes to the deceleration of vehicle.Panel support frame 60a-60e also produces extra frictional force along the movement of guide rail 208,209, further to make vehicle deceleration.
As above discuss about Fig. 4 A and 4B, panel support frame 60a-60e and relevant panel 160 are redirected to the vehicle that makes impact energy absorption system 20b either side on relevant road.Each panel 160 can be substantially elongated rectangular configuration, and it is partly defined by first end or end, upstream 161 and the second end or downstream end 162.(see Fig. 5 and 7.) each panel 160 is preferably incorporated in the first edge 181 and second edge 182 of longitudinal extension between first end 161 and the second end 162.For some application, panel 160 can be formed by the W beam guardrail part of the individual gauge of ten of standard (10) (gauge), guardrail part has the length of approximately 34.75 inches for " single span panel ", have the length of 5 feet 2 inches for " twin spans panel ".Each panel 160 preferably has the same widths of approximately 12.25 inches.
As shown in Fig. 5 and 7, each groove 164 is preferably formed at the middle part between end 161 and 162 of each panel 160.Groove 164 is preferably aimed at the longitudinal centre line (being not represented for clarity) of each panel 160, and longitudinally center line extends.The length of groove 164 is less than the length of relevant panel 160.Each geosynclinal block 170 can be arranged in each groove 164 slidably.The upstream extremity of each groove 164 preferably includes enlarged or keyhole part 164a, and this will below discuss in more detail.
Laths of metal 166 can be welded to along edge 181,182 and its middle part the first end 161 of each panel 160.With reference to figure 8.For some application, laths of metal 166 can have roughly the length of 12.25 inches and the width of 2.5 inches roughly.The length of each laths of metal 166 preferably equals the width of each panel 160 between each longitudinal edge 181 and 182.Machanical fastener 167,168 and 169 can be for by pillar 68 attachings of each laths of metal 166 and relevant panel support frame 69.Machanical fastener 167,169 is basic identical.Laths of metal 166 provides larger contact for the end of panel 160 161 being installed to each panel support frame 60a-60f.
In each panel 160, breach 184 can be formed at the junction between the second end 162 and each longitudinal edge 181,182.(referring to Fig. 7.) breach 184 allows panel 160 to cooperatively interact with the layout of close-stacked during in its primary importance at energy absorber system 20b.As a result, in " chamfering " collision or knockout process, breach 184 has minimized the possibility that vehicle hooks energy absorber system 20 sides.
For the object of explaining, the panel 160 shown in Fig. 7 is denoted as 160a, 160b, 160c, 160d, 160e and 160f.The longitudinal edge of panel 160a-160d is identified as longitudinal edge 181a-181d and 182a-182d, and the longitudinal edge of panel 160f is identified as longitudinal edge 181f, 182f.In addition, for panel 160a, 160b and 160d, end 161 and 162 is identified as respectively end 161a and 162a, end 161b and 162b and end 161d and 162d.Similarly, for panel 160c, upstream extremity is identified as end 161c; And for panel 160e, downstream is identified as end 162e.Each laths of metal 166 can be attached to first end 161a and first end 161d the pillar 68 of panel support frame 60c.Similarly, each laths of metal 166 is set, securely first end 161b and 161e are attached to the angle post 68 of panel support frame 60d.As shown in FIG. 8 and 9, bolt 168 extends through the corresponding aperture (being not represented for clarity) in hole 172 and the panel 160b in each geosynclinal block 170.
As shown in Figure 9, geosynclinal block 170 preferably includes the hole 172 through its extension.A pair of finger 174,176 is from a side horizontal expansion of geosynclinal block 170.Finger 174,176 sizes can be arranged to be received in the associated groove 164 of each panel 170.Machanical fastener 168 is preferably long than machanical fastener 167,169, with geosynclinal block 170 adaptations.Each geosynclinal block 170 and bolt 168 cooperate mutually, so that the end of wainscot 160 161 and associated post 68 or 69 are anchored securely, allow the outer panels 160 can be with respect to associated post 68 or 69 longitudinal sliding motions simultaneously.
In some Vehicular impact processes, panel support frame 60a-60e and relevant panel 160 may move to all second places as shown in Figure 4 B.As a result, the repairing of energy absorber system 20b and re-assemble may be more difficult.But the enlarged 164a of groove 164 cooperates to relevant geosynclinal block 170, to allow each panel 160 more easily to shirk from relevant panel support frame 60.
For some application, the length of enlarged 164a can approximate or be greater than the pattern length of three geosynclinal blocks 170.Enlarged 164a and relevant geosynclinal block 170 cooperate mutually, with reduce fully or eliminate may be by vehicle impact by energy absorber system from first, extended position to the second, avalanche the position many adhesions or the interference problem that are caused.For example,, referring to Fig. 4 A and 4B.
Energy absorber system 20c as shown in Figure 10-16 can comprise carriage assembly 40c and multiple energy-absorbing assembly 286, and this energy-absorbing assembly 286 is aimed at along each row 288 and 289 being substantially also substantially parallel to each other from obstruction longitudinal extension.For some application, every row 288,289 can comprise two or more energy-absorbing assemblies 286.Energy-absorbing assembly 286 in row 288 can with row 289 in energy-absorbing assembly 286 spaced.See Figure 12,13 and 16.
Carriage assembly 40c can have the modification structure that is similar to carriage assembly 40b.Energy-absorbing assembly 286 can be mutually fastening by multiple lateral frames 24.Cooperation between lateral frame 24 and energy-absorbing assembly 286 causes energy absorber system 20c to have the relatively frame construction of rigidity.As a result, energy absorber system 20c can collide carriage assembly 40c or collide the motor vehicles absorption shock of end 21 not to be basically parallel to the angle of energy-absorbing assembly 286 from departing from 21 center, end better.
Energy-absorbing assembly 286 can use as above the concrete substrate 308 that is attached to securely obstruction front about energy absorber system 20b and the described cross bar 24 of energy-absorbing assembly 86 and bolt 26.Cross bar annex 300 (will below describe in more detail) can be for making energy-absorbing assembly 286 coordinate with each cross bar 24 securely.Every row 288,289 of energy-absorbing assembly 286 can have first end 287 separately, and first end 287 corresponds essentially to the first end 21 of energy absorber system 20c.
Carriage assembly 40c can with the adjacent layout of first end 287 of row 288,289, and before Vehicular impact, destroyer 216 is aimed at each energy-absorbing assembly 286.For the embodiment of energy absorber system 20c representative, destroyer 216 can substantially vertically be arranged with respect to carriage assembly 40c, energy absorbing element 100 and relevant road (being not represented for clarity).Each destroyer 216 can be formed by the bolt with approximately 1/2 inch diameter and approximately 11 inchages.As above about described in destroyer 116, identical material can be used to form destroyer 216.Each energy absorbing element 100 can essentially horizontally be arranged with respect to relevant destroyer 216 and road.See Figure 12.
A pair of slope 32 can be set at 21 places, the end of energy absorber system 20c, directly clash into the first end 287 of row 288,289 with the vehicle that stops dilly or there is lower ground clearance.Various types of slopes and other structure can be set, correctly coordinate with carriage assembly 40c with the vehicle of the end 21 of guaranteeing impact energy absorption system 20c, and directly not contact the first end 287 of row 288,289.
Each energy-absorbing assembly 286 as shown in Figure 10-15 is parallel to each other on can comprising longitudinally and arranges and a pair of brace summer 290 of space transversely.Broken region 218 can be formed by the axial clearance obtaining between every pair of brace summer 290.For some application, brace summer 290 can have as above about the C shape cross section as described in brace summer 90 or any other satisfactory cross section.
For the application shown in Figure 10-14, brace summer 290 can be described as angle steel, and this angle steel has the substantially L shaped cross section partly being limited by the first side plate 291 and the second side plate 292.Side plate 291,292 can intersect with the angle of approximately 90 °.For some application, can use metal rolled technology to manufacture brace summer or angle steel 290.The use of angle steel 290 can reduce stock and requires and reduce and manufacture and the cost of repairing relevant bumper.For some application, brace summer 290 and guide rail 208,209 can be formed by the structural iron angle steel of same type.
The L shaped cross section of each brace summer 290 can mutually be arranged Face to face, thereby define C shape or U-shaped cross-section for each energy-absorbing assembly 286.For some application, the width of side plate 291 can be long more a lot of than the width of side plate 292.For the embodiment shown in Figure 12, the combined width that the width of each the first side plate 291 can approximate relevant the second side plate 292 adds the width in broken region 218.As a result, energy-absorbing assembly 286 can have basic square cross section.See Figure 12.
In each the second side plate 292, can form multiple holes 98 for the one or more energy absorbing elements 100 of attaching and correlation energy absorbent assembly 286.In all some application as shown in figure 15, the diameter in hole 98 can change along the length of each leg 292.For example, some hole 98b can have the common 9/16 " internal diameter of bolt that is selected as holding such as machanical fastener 250.Other hole 98a can have less internal diameter, it is selected as holding 3/8 " bolt or such as machanical fastener 260 have 9/16 " diameter shoulder and do not have the double-screw bolt of head.
In order to describe the object of the various features of the present invention, the energy absorbing element 100 relevant to energy-absorbing assembly 286 can be designated as energy absorbing element 100a, 100b, 100c and 100d.For some application, energy-absorbing assembly 286 can have the total length roughly the same with aforementioned energy-absorbing assembly 86, width and height.Various types of securing members can insert the corresponding aperture 108 forming through in the hole 98 in brace summer 290 and energy absorbing element 100.
A pair of energy absorbing element 100d can be arranged in the position of the first end 21 of close energy-absorbing assembly 20c on each energy-absorbing assembly 286.See Figure 11,12 and 13.Energy absorbing element 100d is shown in broken lines in Figure 10.Compare with 100c with energy absorbing element 100a, 100b, can reduce the total length of energy absorber system 100d.Groove 202 can be formed in each energy absorbing element 100d, to receive each destroyer 216.
Can preferably select the size relevant to each destroyer 216, with to relevant groove 202 and associated support beam 290 between the gap or the broken region 218 that form compatible mutually.This size can be selected as allowing each destroyer 216 longitudinally to slide between the second side plate 292 of associated support beam 290.For the embodiment shown in Figure 10-16, energy absorbing element 100d has relatively short length.But, amount that can be based on needed energy absorption within the first stage of correlation energy absorption system and increase the length of energy absorbing element 100d.
Can form multiple holes (being not represented for clarity) along each the first side plate 291, to allow attaching guide rail 208 or 209 and associated support beam 290.For example, see Figure 10-13.Various solder technology and/or other mechanical attachment technology also can meet the requirements for guide rail 208 and 209 is coordinated securely with each energy-absorbing assembly 286.Guide rail 208,209 is mutually collaborative, to allow carriage assembly 40c longitudinally to move towards associated disorders thing from the first end 21 of energy-absorbing assembly 20c.The first side plate 211 of guide rail 208,209 can be attached to the first side plate 291 of associated support beam 270.
For some application, destroyer 216 can be used as a part for replaceable module 220 and installs.As shown in Figure 10,11 and 12, each module 220 can comprise the gripper shoe separately 222 being arranged between destroyer 216 and lower supporter 51.Gripper shoe 222 is shown in broken lines in Figure 10 and 13.Respectively can extend ground attaching in lower supporter 51 along the direction of associated row 288,289 to angle steel or bracket 228,229.Every pair of angle steel 228,229 can be spaced from each other, to receive therein slidably modules 220.For some application, the top of each module 220 can be expanded into the shoulder portion (seeing Figure 10) having separately.As a result, module 220 can be inserted into each between angle steel 228 or 229, and shoulder portion is held on each on angle steel 228 or 229.
For some application, gripper shoe 222 can be revised as has more blunt crusher surface, and this crusher surface is formed on each downstream edge of each energy-absorbing assembly 286.For such embodiment, this blunt crusher surface can be formed as the global facility (being not represented for clarity) of gripper shoe 222.Gripper shoe 222 can by with form the essentially identical material of destroyer 216 and form.
For some application, each lock handle 240 can extend through the opening (being not represented for clarity) in each module 220 and associated bracket 228 or 229.See Figure 12.Cottor pin 242 or similar device can be used for making lock handle 240 releasably to coordinate with correlation module 242 and bracket 228 or 229.In the situation that destroyer 216 lost efficacy or damaged, associated openings pin 242 can be dismantled, to allow lock handle 240 to depart from from correlation module 220 and each bracket 228 or 229.Then, module 220 can be dismantled, and the destroyer 216 damaging can be changed.
For some application, each destroyer 216 can have the screw thread forming at its opposed end place, to receive each nut 232.See Figure 12.Gripper shoe 220 can have the opening of appropriate size, to receive each destroyer 216 through it.Nut 232 can with the threaded portion attaching of each destroyer 216 so that destroyer 216 coordinates securely with associated backer plate 222.Various other mechanisms and technology can meet the requirements for destroyer 216 and carriage assembly 40c are releasably coordinated.The invention is not restricted to module 220, vertical gripper shoe 222, lock handle 240 or nut 232.
Carriage assembly 40c can comprise the further feature of angle post 42,43 and aforementioned carriage assembly 40b.Ceiling hold 141 and lower supporter 51 be horizontal expansion between angle post 42 and 43 preferably.Lower supporter 51 can be close to the second side plate 212 of guide rail 208,209 and arrange.See Figure 12.Can select to be used to form size and the material of lower supporter 51, for from vehicle impact to destroyer 216 and the energy transmission of correlation energy absorber element 100 sufficient intensity is provided.Can select the length of height and the side plate 42,43 of lower supporter 51, to provide sufficient gap between the bottom with respect to concrete substrate 308 at angle post 42,43 and cross bar 24.See Figure 12.The size of lower supporter 51 and angle post 42,43 are mutually collaborative, may contact the possibility of the part of cross bar 24 and/or anchor bolt 26 to reduce any part of carriage assembly 40c.As a result, carriage assembly 40c can reuse after Vehicular impact.
For some application shown in Figure 10,11 and 12, a pair of hook-plate 268,269 can be attached near end angular 43,42.Each contact plate 266 can be attached to every pair of hook-plate 268,269.Hook-plate 268,269 and relevant contact plate 266 can coordinate with the adjacent part of guide rail 208, to resist the side impaction to carriage assembly 40b and to keep carriage assembly 40b to be arranged in slidably on guide rail 208,209.For similar object and function, hook-plate 269 and relevant contact plate 266 can coordinate with the adjacent part of guide rail 209.
Gusset can be arranged between angle post 42,43 and lower supporter 51, so that extra support structure to be provided.One or more reinforced liners or angle steel (being not represented for clarity) can be arranged on lower supporter 51 and be adjacent with a part for module 220.
Pair of brackets 148,149 can extend to the and then position of guide rail 208,209 tops obliquely from ceiling hold 141. Support 48,49 can be from lower supporter 51 longitudinal extensions, and coordinate with support 148,149 near each guide rail 208 and 209.For some application, horizontal stand 48,49 can be formed by angle steel.Arm support 143,144 can coordinate with horizontal stand 48,49 securely with basic X-shaped pattern.Horizontal stand 145 can be arranged between tilt stand 148 and 149.
Arrangement for guiding 58,59 can attaching in each end of tilt stand 148,149.Arrangement for guiding 58,59 can have similar feature and characteristic with arrangement for guiding 54.Arrangement for guiding 58,59 can by have with associated guide tracks 208,209 mutually the angle steel of compatible size form.Arrangement for guiding 58,59 is mutually collaborative, to allow carriage assembly 40c longitudinally to slide along guide rail 208,209 in the direction of associated disorders thing.
Arrangement for guiding 58,59 can comprise each first side plate 57 to downward-extension with respect to associated guide tracks 208,209.Side plate 57 cooperates mutually, to keep carriage assembly 40c to be arranged on guide rail 208,209 in Vehicular impact process and destroyer 216 is aimed at each broken region 218, and allow simultaneously carriage assembly 40c along guide rail 208,209 towards the longitudinal sliding motion of associated disorders thing.Side plate 57 cooperates mutually, to limit the less desirable transverse shifting of carriage assembly 40c in response to side impaction.The inertia of carriage assembly 40c and contribute to the deceleration of vehicle impact to the relevant friction of sliding of arrangement for guiding 58,59 and lower supporter 51 on the side plate 212 of guide rail 208,209.
Multiple machanical fasteners can be used energy absorbing element 100 is coordinated securely with associated support beam 290, with forming energy absorbent assembly 286.Direction by other parts with respect to energy absorber system 20c and relevant road basic horizontal is installed the energy-absorbing assembly 286 with correlation energy absorber element 100, machanical fastener can more easily contact, to change the parts of damage and new parts are installed.See Figure 13.
For example, bolt 250 and related nut 252 can be for coordinating one or more energy absorbing elements 100 with each brace summer 290 securely.Multiple stud bolts 260 also can be for releasably by fastening to energy absorbing element 100 and associated support beam 290.Can select and stud bolt 260 and corresponding opening 108 is relevant in correlation energy absorber element 100 size, make and to mount and dismount energy absorbing element 100 after the shirking of machanical fastener 250 in the situation that stud bolt 260 does not shirk.For all embodiment as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15, bolt 250 and packing ring 254 can be dismantled, to allow shirking of liner plate (doubler) 114 and correlation energy absorber element 100a, 100c.Nut 252 will preferably keep and related nut fastener 280 secure fit.
For the some embodiments of the present invention such as energy absorber system 20c representative, each energy absorbing element 100 can have substantially elongated rectangular configuration, and it is partly defined by the first longitudinal edge 121 and the second longitudinal edge 122.See Figure 15 and 16.The first row opening 108 can be adjacent to form with the first longitudinal edge 121 in each energy absorbing element 100.The second row opening 108 can be adjacent to form with each second longitudinal edge 122 in each energy absorbing element 100.The third line opening 110 betwixt with plate 112 can be formed between the first row opening 108 and the second row opening 108 in each energy absorbing element 100.See Figure 15 and 16.
For some application, energy absorber system 20c can have the relatively soft first stage, has the phase III that strengthens the second stage of energy absorption capability and be designed to the energy that absorbs high speed and/or heavier vehicle.In first stage, the length of energy absorbing element 100d can increase and/or reduce, to change the amount of the energy absorption in the initial knockout process of vehicle and carriage assembly 40c.
The second stage of energy absorber system 20c can be included in the energy absorbing element 100a between associated openings 110 and associated plate 112 with variable spacing.For all embodiment as shown in Figure 16, the Part I of each energy absorbing element 100a can comprise the opening 110 with approximately 1 inch diameter, and spacing between adjacent apertures 110 centers is approximately 2 inches.The mid portion of each energy absorbing element 100a can comprise the opening 110 with approximately 1 inch diameter, and spacing between adjacent apertures 110 centers is approximately 3 inches.As a result, the length of the fragment 112a in the Part I of each energy absorbing element 100a can be approximately 1 inch.In the mid portion of energy absorbing element 100a, each fragment 112b can have the length of approximately 2 inches.
In the time that vehicle initially clashes into carriage assembly 40c, a part for vehicle energy absorbs in the first stage.In the time that destroyer 216 coordinates with energy absorbing element 100a, the amount of the energy being absorbed by fragment 112a can increase compared with the first stage (energy absorbing element 100d), but can remain on a lower value compared with the energy absorbing with fragment 112b.Compare with shorter fragment 112a, the length increase of fragment or plate 112b causes the deceleration strengthening.Therefore,, along with destroyer 216 moves through the mid portion of each energy absorbing element 100a, can absorb quite a large amount of energy.
Along with vehicle impact starts to slow down, need energy absorption still less to stop the part in not affined passenger's vehicle impact.Therefore, the spacing between the hole 110 in Part III or the decline of each energy absorbing element 100a can reduce.For example, fragment 112c can have the length roughly the same with fragment 112a, or even can also further reduce compared with the length of the length of fragment 112c and fragment 112a.
For many Vehicular impacts, most energy absorption can occur in stage one and stage two.But for very at a high speed and/or heavier vehicle, destroyer 216 can coordinate with the energy absorbing element 100b in the stage three.For some application, the thickness of the energy absorbing element 100b in the stage 3 can increase considerably.Alternatively, the spacing between the hole 110 in the stage 3 can increase considerably.Instruction of the present invention allows to revise energy absorbing element 100, thereby the multiple vehicle travelling for multiple speed is proposed the deceleration of supply needs, and does not cause the injury of the passenger that is not tied to vehicle.
For some application, two or more energy absorbing elements 100 can be arranged on the second side plate 292 of each brace summer 290.For all embodiment as shown in Figure 14, the thickness of energy absorbing element 100a, 100c can change.In addition, the spacing between each opening 110 forming in each energy absorbing element 100a, 100c and/or the size of opening 110 also can change.
As mentioned above, the present invention allows to reduce the quantity of the machanical fastener that must coordinate or shirk in the Renewal process of fracture or broken energy absorbing element 100.As shown in Figure 14 and 15, one or more machanical fasteners without a head or stud bolt 260 can be arranged between each machanical fastener 250.For some application, liner plate or reinforcement backing 114 can relatively be arranged on energy absorbing element 100 with the second side plate 292 of associated support beam 290.Liner plate or reinforcement backing 114 improve the chucking power of associated fasteners 250, and allow the use of stud bolt 260 simultaneously.For all some application as shown in Figure 13, multipair liner plate (being designated as 114a-114h) can be for coordinating each energy absorbing element 100 with correlation energy absorbent assembly 286 securely.Each liner plate 114 preferably includes the corresponding hole 124 of diameter of the relevant hole 108 forming with the longitudinal edge 121,122 along each energy absorbing element 100.The hole 124 forming in liner plate 114 can be preferably selected to be and hold bolt 250 and stud bolt 260.
Various technology and process can meet the requirements for instruction manufacture according to the present invention and assembling energy-absorbing assembly.For example, the energy-absorbing assembly 286 shown in Figure 13,14,15 and 16 can be manufactured and assemble by forming brace summer 290, and wherein brace summer 290 has the multiple hole 98a and the 98b that extend through each the second side plate 292.For the embodiment shown in Figure 13,14,15 and 16, three aperture 98a can be arranged between adjacent large diameter hole 98b.Energy absorbing element 100 and liner plate 114 releasably attaching in each the second side plate 292 attachings.
Stud bolt 260 can insert through each small diameter bore 98a.Shoulder portion 264 on each stud bolt 260 preferably matches with the adjacent part of the second side plate 292.Each nut 262 can match with the threaded portion of the each stud bolt 260 that extends through the second side plate 292.By stud bolt 260 is inserted through relevant hole 108, one or more energy absorbing elements 100 can be placed or be stacked on each second side plate 292.By stud bolt 260 is inserted through relevant hole 124, liner plate 114 can also be placed on each energy absorbing element 100.Then, each machanical fastener 250 can insert through the major diameter opening 98b in the opening in associated openings 124, energy absorbing element 100 in liner plate 114 and relevant the second side plate 292.Packing ring 254 can be arranged between the head and liner plate 114 of bolt 250.Then, nut 252 can with each bolt 250 secure fit, with attaching energy absorbing element 100a, 100c and each brace summer 290 securely.Liner plate 114 has increased " chucking power " of associated bolt 250 and nut 252 effectively.
For all some application as shown in FIG. 14 and 15, each nut fastener 280 can relatively be arranged on each the second side plate 292 with energy absorbing element 100.Each nut fastener 280 preferably includes at least one opening, and each nut 252 is arranged in opening.Nut fastener 280 allows without clamping nut 252 in the situation that, coordinates and shirks associated mechanical securing member 250.Therefore,, in the time that energy-absorbing assembly 286 and energy absorbing element 100 are arranged in basic horizontal position, for coordinating from each nut 252 and shirking machanical fastener 250, only need and the coordinating of the head of machanical fastener 250.
Nut fastener 280 can be formed with various structures and orientation.For some application, nut fastener 280 can comprise one or more annexes (being not represented for clarity), to guarantee that each nut 252 aims at each opening 98b.For other application, each nut fastener 280 can be included in the basic rectangular slab 282 wherein with the first opening 284 and the second opening 286.First connects opening 284 can be chosen as and hold related nut 252.The second opening 286 is preferably less than the first opening 284.The size of the second opening 286 can be made as the threaded portion that receives relevant stud bolt 260.Holding plate 296 can relatively be attached to nut fastener 280 with the second side plate 292 of brace summer 290.Holding plate 296 can also comprise that size is made as the first hole 298 of the threaded portion that receives associated mechanical securing member 250 and size and is made as the second hole 299 of the threaded portion that receives stud bolt 260.For some application, fastener plate 282 and holding plate 296 can be arranged on relevant stud bolt 260 before nut 262 coordinates to threaded portion separately.The hole 298 with the each holding plate 296 that is arranged in nut wherein 252 is preferably aimed to the relevant large diameter hole 98 in the second side plate 192 of associated support beam 290.Hole 299 in each holding plate 296 is preferably aimed to the relevant small diameter bore 98a in the second side plate 192 of associated support beam 290.
For some application, energy absorbing element 100d can and not have liner plate by four mechanical fasteners bolts 250 and is attached to associated support beam 290.Energy absorbing element 100a can be attached to associated support beam 290 by eight liner plates and 24 machanical fasteners 250.Energy absorbing element 100b can also be attached to associated support beam 290 by eight liner plates and 24 machanical fasteners 250.For some application, the length of energy absorber system 20c can increase by increasing more energy-absorbing assemblies 286.
Various types of mechanisms can meet the requirements for energy-absorbing assembly 286 is coordinated with cross bar 24.For all embodiment as shown in figure 14, each cross bar annex 300 can have the ordinary construction of the angle steel being defined by leg 301,302 parts.Multiple machanical fasteners 304 can be arranged in side plate 301 between the opening forming, and dye with associated support the corresponding aperture (being not represented for clarity) forming in the first side plate 291 of 290 and engage securely.The second side plate 302 of each cross bar annex 300 can weld with relevant crosspiece 24 or attaching securely in addition.
Technological merit of the present invention can comprise provides module basis unit, and it can assembling in advance before being transported to position, roadside.For some application, each module basis unit can comprise row 188,189 or row 288,289, carriage assembly 40b or 40c, and there is the panel support frame 60a-60g of the panel 160 being arranged in its primary importance.The use of module basis unit can be minimized in the repairing time at site of road place, and allow away from repairing factory position to more effective, the more economical repairing in impaired module basis unit.
Energy-absorbing assembly 86 or 286 and destroyer 116 and 216 can also be used in various removable application, such as the damper that is installed on truck.The present invention is not limited in the relatively-stationary application such as energy absorber system 20,20a, 20b and 20c representative.For the damper that is installed on truck, such as U.S. Patent No. 5,947, to describe in 452, energy-absorbing assembly 86 or 286 can be attached to truck or other vehicle (being not represented for clarity) and extend back from truck or other vehicle.Impact head (being not represented for clarity) can relatively be arranged on truck or other vehicle the end of energy-absorbing assembly 86 or 286.Each destroyer 116 or 216 can relatively be arranged on truck or other vehicle with impact head.Each destroyer 116 or 216 can be aimed at each energy-absorbing assembly 86 or 286 as previously shown.In the time of the second vehicle contact impact head, along with energy-absorbing assembly moves through each destroyer, destroyer will keep fixing with respect to energy-absorbing assembly.Destroyer is worked as discussed abovely, and energy is dissipated then the second vehicle slows is stopped.
Although described the present invention in detail, should be appreciated that the spirit and scope in the case of not departing from the claims in the present invention restriction, can make a variety of changes it, replace and change.

Claims (20)

1. an energy absorber system (20), can operate to minimize the consequence of the shock between vehicle and obstruction, and it comprises following characteristics:
Described energy absorber system (20) has first end and the second end;
The described the second end layout adjacent with described obstruction of described energy absorber system (20), and described first end is from described the second end longitudinal extension;
Carriage assembly (40), is arranged near the described first end of described energy absorber system (20) slidably;
The first row energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) and the second row energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) that extend from described obstruction;
Described the first row and the second row energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) are mutually spaced;
Each energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) has at least one energy absorbing element (100);
Described carriage assembly (40) has the first destroyer and the second destroyer that are mounted thereon and are basically perpendicular to correlation energy absorber element (100) aligning; And
Described carriage assembly (40) has the first end in the face of the oncoming vehicles, and vehicle causes each destroyer by the kinetic energy of described vehicle that the part fragmentation of relevant described energy absorbing element (100) is dissipated to the shock of the described first end of described carriage assembly (40) thus;
Described the first row energy-absorbing assembly attaching has the first guide rail;
Described the second row energy-absorbing assembly attaching has the second guide rail;
Described the first guide rail and described the second guide rail are mutually spaced;
Described carriage assembly has and is arranged in slidably the first arrangement for guiding on described the first guide rail and is arranged in slidably the second arrangement for guiding on described the second guide rail.
2. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1 (20), also comprises following characteristics:
Multiple panel support frame (60a-60e), are arranged on described the first guide rail and described the second guide rail between described carriage assembly (40) and described obstruction slidably;
Described panel support frame (60a-60e) is mutually longitudinally-spaced; And
Multiple panels (160), are attached to described panel support frame (60a-60e) and the opposite flank longitudinal extension along described energy absorber system (20).
3. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1 (20), also comprises following characteristics:
Be formed on each cannelure (164a) in each panel (160);
Be arranged in slidably the relevant geosynclinal block (170) in each groove;
One of each geosynclinal block (170) and described panel support frame (60a-60e) attaching securely, to allow described panel support frame and relevant described panel vertically moving relative to each other; And
Each cannelure (164a) has size than the relevant larger enlarged of described geosynclinal block (170), and in the time that described geosynclinal block (170) is disposed in described in each enlarged in, relevant described panel can be dismantled from relevant described geosynclinal block and attached described support frame thus.
4. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1 (20), wherein, each described destroyer is constructed to have the cylindrical bar of circular cross section.
5. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1 (20), wherein each energy-absorbing assembly also comprises:
The brace summer (290) of arranging is in parallel to each other right;
Be attached at least one energy absorbing element of every pair of brace summer (290); And
Described brace summer (290) is mutually spaced, to allow destroyer described in each to coordinate with described at least one energy absorbing element, to dissipate from the energy of described vehicle.
6. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 5 (20), also comprises and has roughly each brace summer of C shape cross section.
7. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 5 (20), also comprises and has roughly each brace summer of L shaped cross section.
8. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1 (20), also comprises:
Multiple panel support frame (60a-60e), are arranged on the first guide rail and the second guide rail between described carriage assembly (40) and described obstruction slidably;
Described panel support frame (60a-60e) is mutually longitudinally-spaced; And
Multiple panels (160), be attached to described panel support frame (60a-60e) and the opposite flank longitudinal extension along described energy absorber system (20), each panel be constructed to adjacent panel against, and each panel comprises:
The first longitudinal edge and the second longitudinal edge;
First end, it is contrary with the second end, and the described the second end of each panel is constructed to the first end of adjacent panels overlapping; And
Breach, it is formed on described the second end
Figure FSB0000118499000000031
junction between each in described the first longitudinal edge and described the second longitudinal edge.
9. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 8 (20), also comprises following characteristics:
Be formed on each cannelure (164a) in each panel;
Be arranged in slidably the relevant geosynclinal block (170) in each groove;
One of each geosynclinal block (170) and described panel support frame (60a-60e) attaching securely, to allow described panel support frame and relevant described panel vertically moving relative to each other; And
Each cannelure (164a) has size than the relevant larger enlarged of described geosynclinal block.
10. energy absorber system as claimed in claim 1, wherein
Described the first guide rail and described the second guide rail extend between the described first end of described energy absorber system (20) and the described the second end of described energy absorber system (20);
Described energy absorber system also comprises:
Multiple panel support frame (60a-60e), are arranged on the described guide rail between described slide assemblies (40) and the described the second end of described energy absorber system (20) slidably;
Described panel support frame (60a-60e) has longitudinally-spaced primary importance mutually;
Multiple panels (160), it is attached to described carriage assembly (40) and described panel support frame (60a-60e);
Cannelure (164a), is formed in each described panel (160);
Each geosynclinal block (170), is arranged in each groove slidably;
Each geosynclinal block (170) coordinates with one of described panel support frame (60a-60e) respectively, to allow described panel support frame and panel vertically moving relative to each other; And
Enlarged, is formed near the upstream extremity of each cannelure (164a), to allow relevant panel to dismantle from panel support frame described in each at vehicle to after described carriage assembly (40) collision.
11. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 1 (20), also comprise:
Brace summer (290) is right, described brace summer (290) is to being formed at least one of described energy-absorbing assembly (86,286), and at least one in described energy absorbing element is attached to described brace summer (290);
Be formed on the multiple openings in each brace summer and be formed on the corresponding opening in each energy absorbing element;
Multiple machanical fasteners (250), extend through respectively the corresponding described opening in described opening and the described brace summer (290) in described energy absorbing element;
Liner plate (114), is arranged on each energy absorbing element on the contrary with brace summer described in each; And
Be formed on the multiple openings in each liner plate (114), each machanical fastener (250) extends through one of described opening in each described liner plate (114).
12. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 11 (20), also comprise following characteristics:
Each energy absorbing element have by the first longitudinal edge and the second longitudinal edge portions the basic elongate rectangular that defines construct;
The first row opening and the second row opening, it forms along the first longitudinal edge and second longitudinal edge of each energy absorbing element respectively; With
The third line opening, its length along each energy absorbing element is extended between described the first row opening and described the second row opening, between described the third line opening, has arranged plate.
13. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 12 (20), wherein said machanical fastener (250) also comprises:
Multiple stud bolts (260), coordinate securely with each opening in described brace summer (290); And
Described stud bolt (260) and the size that is formed on each opening in described the first row opening and the described second row opening of each energy absorbing element are selected to and allow in the situation that relevant described brace summer (290) shirks, not mount and dismount each energy absorbing element at described stud bolt (260).
14. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 13 (20), also comprise:
Multiple tap bolts, coordinate with each opening in described the first row and described second row of each energy absorbing element and each opening in described brace summer (290); And
At least one of described stud bolt (260) is arranged between described tap bolt.
15. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 11 (20), also comprise:
At least one nut fastener (280), coordinates with each brace summer on the contrary securely to relevant described energy absorbing element;
Nut, is arranged in each nut fastener (280); And
Described nut can operate to receive the bolt of one of described opening extending through in relevant described energy absorbing element, thereby described energy absorbing element is coordinated securely with described brace summer.
16. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 15 (20), wherein said nut fastener (280) also comprises:
Plate, has size and is attached to the associated support beam basic rectangular configuration of compatibility mutually;
Be arranged in the first opening in fastener plate and be arranged in the second opening in described fastener plate;
The size of described the first opening is set to receive the first machanical fastener that extends through relevant described energy absorbing element and described brace summer (290); And
The size of described the second opening is set to receive the second machanical fastener that extends through relevant described energy absorbing element and described brace summer.
17. energy absorber systems as claimed in claim 16 (20), also comprise:
Holding plate, with described brace summer (290) on the contrary attaching in described fastener plate;
The first end of described holding plate coordinates securely with described the first machanical fastener; And
The second end of described holding plate is arranged near described nut, so that described nut is releasably clamped in described fastener plate.
18. 1 kinds for absorbing energy to be minimized in the method for consequence of the collision between oncoming vehicle and the obstruction travelling on road, comprising:
Energy-absorbing assembly (86 is installed, 286) right, each energy-absorbing assembly has correlation energy absorber element (100), the first end of each energy-absorbing assembly is in the face of described oncoming vehicle, and the second end of each energy-absorbing assembly layout adjacent with described obstruction;
Carriage assembly (40) is installed, described carriage assembly has and described energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) destroyer (116 of the adjacent layout of described first end, 216) right, described carriage assembly (40) is arranged between described oncoming vehicle and the described first end of described energy-absorbing assembly (86,286); And
With respect to described energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) aim at described carriage assembly (40) and each described destroyer (116,216), described destroyer is orientated and is basically perpendicular to described energy-absorbing assembly (86,286) energy absorbing element described in each (100), wherein
Described energy-absorbing assembly is to comprising the first row energy-absorbing assembly and the second row energy-absorbing assembly, and described the first row and the second row energy-absorbing assembly mutually spaced,
Described the first row energy-absorbing assembly attaching has the first guide rail, and described the second row energy-absorbing assembly attaching has the second guide rail, and described the first guide rail and described the second guide rail are mutually spaced; And
Described carriage assembly has and is arranged in slidably the first arrangement for guiding on described the first guide rail and is arranged in slidably the second arrangement for guiding on described the second guide rail.
19. methods as claimed in claim 18, also comprise the state of essentially horizontally arranging with respect to described road with energy absorbing element described in each (100), and each energy-absorbing assembly is installed.
20. methods as claimed in claim 18, also comprise the state of arranging substantially vertically with respect to described road with energy absorbing element described in each (100), and each energy-absorbing assembly is installed.
CN201010624221.8A 2003-12-09 2004-12-09 Energy attenuating safety system Active CN102108687B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52809203P 2003-12-09 2003-12-09
US60/528,092 2003-12-09

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200480036741XA Division CN1890437B (en) 2003-12-09 2004-12-09 Energy attenuating safety system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102108687A CN102108687A (en) 2011-06-29
CN102108687B true CN102108687B (en) 2014-06-04

Family

ID=34794208

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201010624221.8A Active CN102108687B (en) 2003-12-09 2004-12-09 Energy attenuating safety system
CN200480036741XA Expired - Fee Related CN1890437B (en) 2003-12-09 2004-12-09 Energy attenuating safety system

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN200480036741XA Expired - Fee Related CN1890437B (en) 2003-12-09 2004-12-09 Energy attenuating safety system

Country Status (17)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1706544B1 (en)
CN (2) CN102108687B (en)
AT (1) ATE458867T1 (en)
AU (2) AU2004313930B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2546137C (en)
CY (1) CY1111016T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004025744D1 (en)
DK (2) DK1706544T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2341548T3 (en)
HK (3) HK1099795A1 (en)
MX (2) MXPA06006590A (en)
NO (1) NO340610B1 (en)
NZ (1) NZ547307A (en)
PL (2) PL1706544T3 (en)
SG (1) SG149821A1 (en)
TW (1) TWI388707B (en)
WO (1) WO2005068727A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7306397B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2007-12-11 Exodyne Technologies, Inc. Energy attenuating safety system
CN101139827B (en) * 2007-10-30 2010-09-08 曲涛 Highway trackside rigid barrier disintegration energy-absorbing shield protecting device
DE102008048110B4 (en) * 2008-09-19 2018-02-22 Hubert Hergeth Transport system for fibers
CN103966961B (en) * 2013-01-24 2016-06-08 上海船舶运输科学研究所 Bridge-collision-avoidance energy dissipating anchor heavy stone used as an anchor
KR20230074297A (en) * 2019-10-15 2023-05-26 트래픽스 디바이시스 인코포레이티드 Crash impact attenuator systems and methods

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3944187A (en) 1974-09-13 1976-03-16 Dynamics Research And Manufacturing, Inc. Roadway impact attenuator
US4008915A (en) 1975-06-04 1977-02-22 Dynamics Research And Manufacturing, Inc. Impact barrier for vehicles
NL8003653A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-01-18 Nederlanden Staat OBSTACLE SAVER.
US4352484A (en) 1980-09-05 1982-10-05 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Shear action and compression energy absorber
US4407484A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-10-04 Meinco Mfg. Co. Impact energy absorber
US4645375A (en) 1985-05-23 1987-02-24 State Of Connecticut Stationary impact attenuation system
US4711481A (en) 1985-10-25 1987-12-08 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle impact attenuating device
US4655434A (en) 1986-04-24 1987-04-07 Southwest Research Institute Energy absorbing guardrail terminal
US5078366A (en) 1988-01-12 1992-01-07 Texas A&M University System Guardrail extruder terminal
US4928928A (en) 1988-01-12 1990-05-29 The Texas A&M University System Guardrail extruder terminal
CA1292905C (en) * 1988-11-08 1991-12-10 Walter P. Humble Energy absorbing guard rail terminal
US5011326A (en) 1990-04-30 1991-04-30 State Of Connecticut Narrow stationary impact attenuation system
US5199755A (en) 1991-04-03 1993-04-06 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Vehicle impact attenuating device
US5248129A (en) 1992-08-12 1993-09-28 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Energy absorbing roadside crash barrier
US5947452A (en) 1996-06-10 1999-09-07 Exodyne Technologies, Inc. Energy absorbing crash cushion
US6293727B1 (en) 1997-06-05 2001-09-25 Exodyne Technologies, Inc. Energy absorbing system for fixed roadside hazards
US5957435A (en) 1997-07-11 1999-09-28 Trn Business Trust Energy-absorbing guardrail end terminal and method
US7101111B2 (en) * 1999-07-19 2006-09-05 Exodyne Technologies Inc. Flared energy absorbing system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1706544B1 (en) 2010-02-24
HK1101976A1 (en) 2007-11-02
EP2204496B1 (en) 2015-02-18
EP2204496A2 (en) 2010-07-07
CY1111016T1 (en) 2015-06-11
MXPA06006590A (en) 2006-08-31
HK1145195A1 (en) 2011-04-08
DK2204496T3 (en) 2015-05-18
SG149821A1 (en) 2009-02-27
DE602004025744D1 (en) 2010-04-08
ES2536227T3 (en) 2015-05-21
TWI388707B (en) 2013-03-11
EP1706544A1 (en) 2006-10-04
CA2546137C (en) 2012-09-11
AU2010206111B2 (en) 2013-05-30
NO20063151L (en) 2006-09-11
PL1706544T3 (en) 2010-07-30
TW200523434A (en) 2005-07-16
DK1706544T3 (en) 2010-06-07
PL2204496T3 (en) 2015-08-31
ATE458867T1 (en) 2010-03-15
MX343407B (en) 2016-11-03
CA2546137A1 (en) 2005-07-28
WO2005068727A1 (en) 2005-07-28
CN1890437A (en) 2007-01-03
HK1099795A1 (en) 2007-08-24
NZ547307A (en) 2009-10-30
NO340610B1 (en) 2017-05-15
AU2010206111A1 (en) 2010-08-26
AU2004313930A1 (en) 2005-07-28
AU2004313930B2 (en) 2010-08-26
EP2204496A3 (en) 2013-10-16
CN102108687A (en) 2011-06-29
ES2341548T3 (en) 2010-06-22
CN1890437B (en) 2011-07-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9758937B2 (en) Energy attenuating safety system
AU2003220206B2 (en) Flared energy absorbing system and method
AU760518B2 (en) Energy absorbing system for fixed roadside hazards
EA023110B1 (en) Guardrail
US20060193688A1 (en) Flared Energy Absorbing System and Method
AU2010206111B2 (en) Energy attenuating safety system
AU2015207882B2 (en) Energy attenuating safety system
AU2013219249B2 (en) Energy attenuating safety system
SG172475A1 (en) Flared energy absorbing system and method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 1159199

Country of ref document: HK

C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: GR

Ref document number: 1159199

Country of ref document: HK