TR201909288T4 - Fuel compositions. - Google Patents
Fuel compositions. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TR201909288T4 TR201909288T4 TR2019/09288T TR201909288T TR201909288T4 TR 201909288 T4 TR201909288 T4 TR 201909288T4 TR 2019/09288 T TR2019/09288 T TR 2019/09288T TR 201909288 T TR201909288 T TR 201909288T TR 201909288 T4 TR201909288 T4 TR 201909288T4
- Authority
- TR
- Turkey
- Prior art keywords
- additive
- cold flow
- fuel
- composition
- acids
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 337
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 221
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanediamide Chemical class NC(=O)CCC(N)=O SNCZNSNPXMPCGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 17
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- -1 propane or butane) Chemical compound 0.000 description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
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- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
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- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
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- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO[N+]([O-])=O NKRVGWFEFKCZAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101001018553 Homo sapiens MyoD family inhibitor Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 102100033694 MyoD family inhibitor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZGDGVGVOFIGJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,2-n-di(butan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CCC(C)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(C)CC ZGDGVGVOFIGJIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008054 sulfonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
- C10L1/189—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof having at least one carboxyl group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
- C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
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Abstract
Mevcut buluş, distilat yakıtlar içeren yakıt bileşimlerinde belirli katkı maddesi türlerinin yeni amaçlar için kullanılmasıyla ilgilidir.The present invention relates to the use of certain types of additives for new purposes in fuel compositions containing distillate fuels.
Description
TARIFNAME YAKIT BILESIMLERI Açiklama Mevcut bulus, distilat yakitlar içeren yakit bilesimlerinde belirli katki maddesi türlerinin yeni amaçlar için kullanilmasiyla ilgilidir. DESCRIPTION FUEL COMPOSITIONS Explanation The present invention provides new solutions for certain types of additives in fuel compositions containing distillate fuels. It's about using it for different purposes.
Düsük sicakliklarda performanslarini artirmak üzere, distilat yakitlar, özellikle de dizel yakit bilesimleri gibi orta distilat yakitlar içeren yakit bilesimlerine soguk akis katki maddeleri dahil edildigi bilinmektedir. Bu, özellikle soguk iklimlerde ve/veya yilin daha soguk zamanlarinda kullanilmasi amaçlanan "kis" yakit bilesimleri için yapilmaktadir. Bilinen soguk akis katki maddeleri arasinda orta distilat akis gelistiricileri ve balmumu çökme önleyici maddeler bulunmaktadir. Distillate fuels, especially diesel fuel, to increase their performance at low temperatures Including cold flow additives in fuel compositions containing middle distillate fuels such as It is known that. This is especially true in cold climates and/or during colder times of the year. It is made for "winter" fuel compositions intended to be used. Known cold flow additive Ingredients include middle distillate flow improvers and wax anti-settling agents There are.
Ayrica, motor birikintilerinin çogalmasini azaltmak, kaldirmak veya yavaslatmak amaciyla bu gibi yakit bilesimlerine deterjan katki maddelerinin eklenmesi de yaygindir. ve parafin dagilimina sahip bir katki maddesini tarif etmekte olup, bir alkoksilatlanmis poliolün en az bir esterini ve en az bir polar azot-içerikli parafin dispersani içermektedir. Additionally, it is used to reduce, remove or slow down the proliferation of engine deposits. It is also common to add detergent additives to fuel compositions. and describes an additive having paraffin dispersion, comprising an alkoxylated polyol. at least one ester and at least one polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersant.
EP-A-0885948, bir polikarboksilik asidin bir esterini ve bir polihidroksialkol içeren bir yagda çözünür yaglanma katki maddesini ihtiva eden ve burada, asidin 2 ila 50 karbon atomuna sahip oldugu, alkolün bir veya daha fazla karbon atomu içerdigi ve esterin yalnizca karbon, hidrojen ve oksijenden olustugu bir es katki maddesinin (A) kullanimini tarif etmekte olup, bahsedilen kullanim; bir kopolimerik etilen akis gelistirici içeren bir soguk akis gelistirici katki maddesi ihtiva eden düsük bir oranda bir bilesen (B) ve büyük oranda bir akaryakit içeren bir bilesim içinde bulunmaktadir ve bilesimin soguk akis özelliklerini artirmaya yöneliktir. EP-A-0885948 discloses an oil comprising an ester of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydroxyalcohol. containing a soluble lubricating additive, wherein the acid has from 2 to 50 carbon atoms alcohol contains one or more carbon atoms and ester contains only carbon, hydrogen It describes the use of a co-additive (A) consisting of and oxygen, and the said use; Containing a cold flow improver additive containing a copolymeric ethylene flow improver In a composition containing a low proportion of a component (B) and a large proportion of a fuel oil and is intended to increase the cold flow properties of the composition.
US-A-6086645'te, (A) agirlikça %02 veya daha düsük bir kükürt içerigine sahip bir orta distilat yakit, (B) bir karboksilik asit amit ve (C) soguk akis gelistiriciler, külsüz dispersanlar ve bunlarin karisimlarindan seçilen en az bir üye ihtiva eden bir yakit bilesimi tarif edilmekte olup, burada karboksilik asit amit, oleik asit ve Iinoleik asit içeren gruptan seçilen bir karboksilik asit ile bir dietanolaminin reaksiyon ürününü içermektedir. bilesigi ihtiva eden bir külsüz dispersan ve (b) 2 ila 50 karbon atomuna sahip bir monokarboksilik asit ihtiva eden küçük miktarda bir katki maddesi bilesimi içeren bir akaryakit bilesimini tarif etmektedir. In US-A-6086645, (A) a middle distillate having a sulfur content of 02 wt% or less fuel, (B) a carboxylic acid amide and (C) cold flow improvers, ashless dispersants and their A fuel composition is described herein comprising at least one member selected from mixtures of carboxylic acid amide is combined with a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid and inoleic acid. It contains the reaction product of diethanolamine. and (b) an ashless dispersant containing from 2 to 50 carbon atoms A fuel oil containing a small amount of an additive composition containing monocarboxylic acid describes its composition.
Bununla birlikte, soguk akis katki maddelerinin etkilerinin, bir distilat yakit içeren bir yakit bilesimine deterjan katki maddesi dahil edilmesinden olumsuz yönde etkilenebilecegi bulunmustur. Bir deterjan katki maddesi, bir soguk akis katki maddesini (en azindan kismen) etkisiz hale getirebilmekte, ikisinin kombinasyonu, deterjan katki maddesi içermeyen yakit bilesimi ile karsilastirildiginda soguk akis performansinin bozulmasina neden olabilmektedir. However, the effects of cold flow additives may be reduced in a fuel containing a distillate fuel. may be adversely affected by the inclusion of detergent additives in its composition. has been found. A detergent additive consists (at least in part) of a cold flow additive. The combination of the two can neutralize fuel that does not contain detergent additives. When compared to its composition, it may cause deterioration of cold flow performance.
Mevcut bulusun bir amaci, yukarida belirtilen problemlerin üstesinden gelebilecek veya en azindan hafifletebilecek distilat yakitlar içeren yakit bilesimleri ve/veya bu tür bilesimlerde kullanim için katki maddeleri saglamaktir. It is an object of the present invention to overcome or minimize the above-mentioned problems. Fuel compositions containing distillate fuels and/or such compositions that can at least alleviate To provide additives for use.
Mevcut bulusun bir birinci yönüne göre, istem 1'de tanimlandigi gibi bir distilat yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi ve bir soguk akis katki maddesi içeren bir yakit bilesiminde deterjan katki maddesinin, bilesimin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkisini azaltmak amaciyla ayrica asagidakilerden seçilen bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanimi saglanmaktadir: (a) asitler ve bunlarin karisimlari, burada söz konusu asitler karboksilik asitlerden seçilmektedir; ve (b) karboksilik asitler, karboksilik asit esterleri veya yag asidi amitlerinden seçilen yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri. According to a first aspect of the present invention, a distillate fuel as defined in claim 1 is a detergent detergent additive in a fuel composition containing the additive and a cold flow additive In order to reduce the effect of the compound on the cold flow performance of the The use of an additional additive selected from the following is provided: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids consist of carboxylic acids is chosen; And (b) lubrication selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides enhancing additives.
Mevcut bulusun bir ikinci yönü; istem 2'de tanimlandigi gibi, bir distilat yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi ve bir soguk akis katki maddesi içeren bir yakit bilesiminde, bilesimin soguk akis performansinin iyilestirilmesi amaciyla ayrica yukarida tanimlandigi gibi bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanimini saglamaktadir. A second aspect of the present invention; A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, as defined in claim 2 In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow of the composition In order to improve its performance, an additional contribution is also made as defined above. It enables the use of the substance.
Mevcut bulusun bir üçüncü yönü; istem 3'te tanimlandigi gibi, bir distilat yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi ve bir soguk akis katki maddesi içeren bir yakit bilesiminde, bilesimin soguk akis performansini etkilemeden ya da soguk akis performansinda, deterjan katki maddesi konsantrasyonunun artisi ile baska sekilde neden olunana kiyasla düsük bozulma ile birlikte bilesimdeki deterjan katki maddesi konsantrasyonunu artirmak amaciyla ayrica yukarida tanimlandigi gibi bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanimini saglamaktadir. A third aspect of the present invention; A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, as defined in claim 3 In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow of the composition detergent additive without affecting its performance or cold flow performance. with lower degradation than otherwise caused by increasing concentration of In order to increase the detergent additive concentration in the composition, the above mentioned It enables the use of an additional additive as defined.
Mevcut bulusun bu üçüncü yönü baglaminda, "artirmak" terimi; herhangi bir artis derecesini, örnegin orijinal deterjan katki maddesi konsantrasyonunun %1 veya daha fazlasini, tercihen %2 veya 5 veya 10 veya 20 veya daha fazlasini kapsamaktadir. Artis, amaçlanan kullanimi baglaminda ihtiyaç duyulan ve/veya arzu edilen özellikleri ve performansi elde etmek için baska sekilde yakit bilesimine dahil edilecek olan deterjan katki maddesi konsantrasyonuyla karsilastirilabilmektedir. Bu, örnegin, bir ilave katki maddesi eklemeden önce, mevcut bulusun sagladigi sekilde bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanilabileceginin farkina varilmasindan önce yakit bilesiminde mevcut olan ve/veya benzer bir baglamda kullanimi amaçlanan (öm. pazarlanan) baska bir benzer yakit bilesiminde bulunan deterjan katki maddesi konsantrasyonu olabilmektedir. In the context of this third aspect of the present invention, the term "increase" any degree of increase, for example 1% or more of the original detergent additive concentration, preferably 2% or 5 or 10 or 20 or more. Increase, intended use to obtain the features and performance needed and/or desired in the context of with the concentration of detergent additive to be included in the fuel composition can be compared. This can be done, for example, before adding an additional additive. fuel before it was realized that an additional additive could be used as provided present in its composition and/or intended for use (e.g. marketed) in a similar context concentration of detergent additive found in another similar fuel composition It may happen.
Mevcut bulusun bir dördüncü yönüne göre, bir yakit bilesiminin formüle edilmesine yönelik bir yöntem saglanmakta olup, bu yöntem; (i) istem 4'te tanimlandigi gibi bir distilat baz yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi ve bir soguk akis katki maddesi ve istege bagli olarak diger bilesenlerle karistirilmayi, (ii) elde edilen karisimin soguk akis performansinin ölçülmesini ve (iii) yukarida tanimlandigi gibi, karisimin soguk akis performansini iyilestirmeye yetecek bir miktarda bir ilave katki maddesinin ilavesini içermektedir. Bu yöntem ayrica; baz yakitin ve soguk akis katki maddesinin soguk akis performansini ölçmeyi, deterjan katki maddesinin dahil edilmesinin bir sonucu olarak soguk akis performansindaki degisimi ölçmeyi ve deterjan katki maddesinin baz yakit/soguk akis katki maddesi karisiminin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki herhangi bir zararli etkisini en azindan kismen ve tercihen tamamen karsilamaya yeterli bir miktarda ilave katki maddesinin dahil edilmesini içerebilmektedir. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for formulating a fuel composition The method is provided and this method; (i) A distillate base fuel as defined in claim 4, a detergent additive and a cold flow additive and optionally with other ingredients mixing, (ii) measuring the cold flow performance of the resulting mixture and (iii) as defined, an addition in an amount sufficient to improve the cold flow performance of the mixture. It includes the addition of additives. This method also; base fuel and cold flow additive to measure the cold flow performance of the detergent additive. As a result, we aim to measure the change in cold flow performance and determine the base temperature of the detergent additive. any effect on the cold flow performance of the fuel/cold flow additive mixture. added in an amount sufficient to at least partially and preferably completely offset its harmful effect. may include the inclusion of an additive.
Mevcut bulusun bir besinci yönü; Istem 7'de tanimlandigi gibi, bir distilat yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi ve bir soguk akis katki maddesi içeren bir yakit bilesiminde, bilesimdeki soguk akis katki maddesi miktarini düsürmek amaciyla ayrica yukarida tanimlandigi gibi bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanimini saglamaktadir. Ilave katki maddesi, deterjan katki maddesinin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki herhangi bir zararli etkisine en azindan kismen karsi koymak için kullanilabileceginden, toplam bilesimde soguk akis performansinin istenen bir hedef seviyesine ulasmak Için düsük seviyelerde soguk akis katki maddesi kullanilmasina potansiyel olarak müsaade etmektedir. A fifth aspect of the present invention; As defined in claim 7, a distillate fuel, a detergent additive In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow in the composition In order to reduce the amount of additive, an additional additive as defined above is also required. It enables the use of the substance. The additional additive is the cold solution of the detergent additive. to at least partially counteract any detrimental effects on flow performance. cold flow performance in the total composition to a desired target level. potentially requiring the use of low levels of cold flow additive to achieve It allows.
Mevcut bulusun bu besinci yönü baglaminda, "azaltmak" terimi; herhangi bir düsüs derecesini, örnegin uygun bir sekilde sifira indirgeme olmasa da orijinal soguk akis katki maddesi konsantrasyonunun %1 veya daha fazlasini, tercihen %2 veya 5 veya 10 veya 20 veya daha fazlasini kapsamaktadir. Düsüs, amaçlanan kullanimi baglaminda ihtiyaç duyulan ve/veya arzu edilen özellikleri ve performansi elde etmek için baska sekilde yakit bilesimine dahil edilecek olan soguk akis katki maddesi konsantrasyonuyla karsilastiriIabilmektedir. Bu, örnegin, mevcut bulusun sagladigi sekilde bir ilave katki maddesinin kullanilabileceginin farkina varilmasindan önce yakit bilesiminde mevcut olan ve/veya bir ilave katki maddesi eklemeden önce benzer bir baglamda kullanimi amaçlanan (örn. pazarlanan) baska bir benzer yakit bilesiminde bulunan soguk akis katki maddesi konsantrasyonu olabilmektedir. Örnegin bir otomotiv motorunda kullanilmak üzere tasarlanan bir dizel yakit bilesimi söz konusu oldugu durumda, özellikle soguk iklimlerde veya mevsimlerde bilesimin mevcut yakit spesifikasyonlarini karsilamasi ve/veya motor performansinin korunmasi ve/veya tüketici talebinin karsilanmasi için belirli bir soguk akis performansi istenebilmektedir. Mevcut bulusa göre, bu gibi standartlar, mevcut herhangi bir deterjan katki maddesinin olumsuz etkisini azaltan ilave katki maddesi nedeniyle düsük seviyelerde soguk akis katki maddesi ile bile elde edilebilmektedir. In the context of this fifth aspect of the present invention, the term "reduce" any degree of decline, i.e. the original cold flow additive, although not properly reduced to zero 1% or more of the concentration, preferably 2 or 5 or 10 or 20% or more It covers more. needed and/or desired in the context of its intended use. to be otherwise incorporated into the fuel composition to achieve the desired properties and performance. It can be compared to the cold flow additive concentration. This, for example, is available from the realization that an additional additive can be used as provided by the invention existing in the fuel composition and/or a similar one before adding an additional additive. contained in another similar fuel composition intended (e.g. marketed) for use in the context may be the cold flow additive concentration. For example, there is a diesel fuel composition designed for use in an automotive engine. where the composition is available, especially in cold climates or seasons to meet the specifications and/or to maintain engine performance and/or to A certain cold flow performance may be required to meet the demand. existing invention Accordingly, such standards should reduce the adverse effects of any existing detergent additives. achievable even with low levels of cold flow additive due to additional additive can be done.
Asagidaki açiklamada, "distilat yakit bilesimi" terimi; bir distilat yakit, tipik olarak bir orta distilat yakit içeren bir yakit bilesimini ifade etmek için kullanilmaktadir. Böyle bir bilesim; hacimce %0,1 veya daha fazla, uygun olarak hacimce %1 veya 2 veya 5 veya daha fazla, tercihen hacimce 95 veya daha fazla bir distilat yakit içerebilmekte olup, distilat yakit her durumda tercihen bir orta distilat yakittir. Distilat yakitin kendisi, iki veya daha fazla yakit bileseni içerebilmektedir. En çok tercih edildigi üzere, bu bulusa göre hazirlanan bir yakit bilesimi genel olarak bir orta distilat yakittir. In the following description, the term "distillate fuel composition"; a distillate fuel, typically a middle distillate It is used to refer to a fuel composition containing fuel. Such a combination; 0.1% by volume or more, suitably 1 or 2 or 5 or more vol%, preferably It may contain 95 or more of a distillate fuel, the distillate fuel being in any case preferably a Middle distillate is fuel. The distillate fuel itself may contain two or more fuel components. Most Very preferably, a fuel composition prepared in accordance with the present invention generally consists of a middle distillate. It is fuel.
Mevcut bulusun kullanildigi orta distilat yakit bilesimleri; örnegin isitma yaglari, endüstriyel gaz yaglari, otomotiv dizel yakitlari, distilat deniz yakitlari ya da havacilik yakitlari veya isitma keroseni gibi kerosen yakitlari içerebilmektedir. Tipik olarak, bilesim, bir otomotiv dizel yakiti veya bir isitma yagi olacaktir. Tercihen, mevcut bulusun uygulandigi yakit bilesimi, içten yanmali bir motorda kullanim içindir; daha çok tercihen bir otomotiv yakit bilesimidir, ancak daha çok tercihen bir otomotiv dizel (sikistirma ateslemeli) motorunda kullanim için uygun olan bir dizel yakit bilesimidir. Middle distillate fuel compositions using the present invention; e.g. heating oils, industrial gas oils, automotive diesel fuels, distillate marine fuels or aviation fuels or heating It may contain kerosene fuels such as kerosene. Typically, the composition of an automotive diesel fuel or it will be a heating oil. Preferably, the fuel composition to which the present invention is applied is internally for use in a combustion engine; more preferably an automotive fuel composition, but more very preferably one suitable for use in an automotive diesel (compression ignition) engine. diesel fuel composition.
Yakit bilesimi, özellikle soguk iklimlerde ve/veya daha soguk mevsimlerde kullanilmak üzere uyarlanabilmekte ve/veya kullanilmasi amaçlanabilmektedir (örnegin, "kis yakiti" olarak adlandirilabilmektedir). Fuel composition, especially for use in cold climates and/or colder seasons can be adapted and/or intended for use (e.g. as "winter fuel" can be named).
Mevcut bulus baglaminda, bir distilat yakit bilesimi, tipik olarak büyük oranda bir distilat hidrokarbon baz yakit içerecek ya da büyük oranda veya tamamen bundan olusacaktir. Bir 95 veya daha fazla, en çok tercih edildigi haliyle hacimce %98 veya 99 veya 99,5 veya daha fazla anlamina gelmektedir. In the context of the present invention, a distillate fuel composition typically consists of a predominantly distillate It shall contain or consist substantially or entirely of hydrocarbon base fuel. One 95 or more, most preferably 98 or 99 or 99.5 vol% or more It means too much.
Böyle bir baz yakit, özellikle bir orta distilat baz yakit, özellikle bir dizel baz yakit olabilmekte ve bu durumda kendisi, orta distilat yakit bilesenlerinin (tipik olarak ham petrolün damitilmasi veya vakumla damitilmasi ile elde edilen bilesenler) veya birlikte bir orta distilat karisimini olusturan yakit bilesenlerinin bir karisimini içerebilmektedir. Orta distilat yakit bilesenleri veya karisimlari, kaynama noktalarina sahip olacaktir. Such a base fuel may be, in particular, a middle distillate base fuel, especially a diesel base fuel, and in this case itself, the middle distillate fuel components (typically the distillation of crude oil or components obtained by vacuum distillation) or together forming a middle distillate mixture The fuel may contain a mixture of components. Middle distillate fuel components or mixtures, will have boiling points.
Bir dizel yakit, bir otomotiv gaz yagi (AGO) olabilmektedir. Bu bulusta kullanilan bir dizel baz yakit, tercihen en fazla 2000 ppmw (agirlikça milyon basina parça) olan bir kükürt içerigine sahip olacaktir. Daha tercihen, düsük veya çok düsük bir kükürt içerigine, örnegin en fazla 500 ppmw kükürde sahip olacaktir. A diesel fuel may be an automotive kerosene (AGO). A diesel base used in this invention The fuel preferably has a sulfur content of not more than 2000 ppmw (parts per million by weight). will have. More preferably, it has a low or very low sulfur content, e.g. not more than 500 ppmw will have sulfur.
Tipik dizel yakit bilesenleri, sivi hidrokarbon orta distilat akaryakitlari, örnegin petrol türevli gaz yaglarini içermektedir. Bu tür baz yakit bilesenleri, organik veya sentetik olarak türetilebilmektedir. Bunlar, tipik olarak, tür ve kullanimlarina bagli olarak siradan dizellere ait sayisina (ASTM D613) sahip olacaktirlar. Ilk kaynama noktalari uygun sekilde 150 ila 230 °C arasinda ve son kaynama noktalari kinematik viskoziteleri, uygun bir sekilde 1,5 ile 4,5 mm2/s (santistok) arasinda olabilmektedir. Typical diesel fuel components include liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate fuel oils, such as petroleum-derived gas Contains oils. Such base fuel components can be either organic or synthetic. can be derived. These typically belong to ordinary diesels, depending on their type and use. They will have the number (ASTM D613). Initial boiling points are suitably 150 to 230 °C between and final boiling points Their kinematic viscosity can suitably be between 1.5 and 4.5 mm2/s (centistokes).
Bununla birlikte, mevcut bulusa göre kullanim için bir yakit bilesimi, bu araliklarin disindaki yakit bilesenlerini içerebilmekte, çünkü genel bir karisimin özellikleri, tek tek bilesenlerin özelliklerinden genellikle önemli derecede farkli olabilmektedir. However, a fuel composition for use according to the present invention may contain fuels outside these ranges. components because the properties of an overall mixture are different from those of the individual components. Their characteristics may often differ significantly.
Bu tür yakitlar, dolayli veya dogrudan enjeksiyon tipinde bir sikistirma ateslemeli (dizel) içten yanmali motorda kullanim için genel olarak uygundur. These types of fuels are internally fueled by a compression ignition (diesel) type of indirect or direct injection. Generally suitable for use in a combustion engine.
Mevcut bulusu yerine getirme sonucu ortaya çikan bir dizel yakit bilesimi de tercihen bu genel spesifikasyonlar içinde kalacaktir. Uygun bir sekilde, örn. EN veya ASTM D- gibi geçerli mevcut standart sartnamelere uygun olacaktir. Örnek olarak, nihai kaynama noktasina (ASTM D86), 51 veya daha büyük bir setan sayisina (ASTM D-613), 40 °C'de 2 ila ; 350 ppmw veya daha düsük bir sülfür içerigine (ASTM D2622) ve/veya kütlece %11'den daha az bir toplam aromatik içerigine (IP 391 (mod)) sahip olabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ilgili sartnameler ülkeden ülkeye ve yildan yila farklilik gösterebilmekte ve yakit bilesiminin amaçlanan kullanimina bagli olabilmektedir. A diesel fuel composition resulting from carrying out the present invention preferably also conforms to this general principle. will remain within specifications. Appropriately, e.g. EN or ASTM It will comply with current standard specifications such as D-. For example, ultimate boiling point (ASTM D86), a cetane number of 51 or greater (ASTM D-613), 2 to 40 °C; 350ppmw or a lower sulfur content (ASTM D2622) and/or a total of less than 11% by mass It may have aromatic content (IP 391 (mode)). However, the relevant specifications It may vary from country to country and from year to year and the fuel composition may vary depending on the intended may depend on usage.
Bir petrol türevi gaz yagi, bir ham petrol kaynaginin rafine edilmesi ve istege bagli olarak islenmesiyle (hidro) elde edilebilmektedir. Bu tür bir rafineri isleminden veya rafineri isleminde elde edilen birkaç gaz yagi fraksiyonunun farkli isleme yollari üzerinden elde edilen tek bir gaz yagi akisi olabilmektedir. Bu tür gaz yagi fraksiyonlarinin örnekleri; bir direkt distilat gaz yagi, vakum gaz yagi, bir isil parçalama isleminde elde edilen gaz yagi, bir sivi katalitik parçalama biriminde elde edilen hafif ve agir çevrim yaglari ve bir hidro-parçalama biriminden elde edildigi sekliyle gaz yagidir. Istege bagli olarak, bir petrol türevli gaz yagi, bazi petrol türevli kerosen fraksiyonunu içerebilmektedir. Kerosene, a petroleum derivative, is produced from the refining and optional processing of a crude oil source. It can be obtained by processing (hydro). from such a refinery process or in a refinery process A single gas obtained through different processing routes of several gas oil fractions obtained There may be oil flow. Examples of such kerosene fractions are; a direct distillate kerosene, vacuum gas oil, gas oil obtained in a thermal cracking process, a liquid catalytic cracking light and heavy cycle oils obtained in the unit and a hydrocracking unit. In its form, it is kerosene. Optionally, a petroleum-derived kerosene, some petroleum-derived kerosene may contain the fraction.
Bu tür gaz yaglari, kükürt muhtevalarini bir dizel yakit bilesimine dahil edilmek için uygun bir seviyeye düsürecek sekilde bir hidrodesülfürizasyon (HDS) ünitesinde islenebilmektedirler. Such gas oils make their sulfur content suitable for inclusion in a diesel fuel composition. They can be processed in a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit to reduce the
Mevcut bulusa konu olan yöntemlerde, bir bitkisel yag veya bitkisel yag türevi (örn. bir yagli asit esteri, Özellikle bir yagli asit metil esteri) veya bir asit, keton veya ester gibi baska bir oksijenat gibi bir sözüm ona "biyodizel" yakit bileseni olabilmekte veya içerebilmektedir. Bu gibi bilesenlerin mutlaka biyo-türevli olmasi gerekmemektedir. In the methods of the present invention, a vegetable oil or a vegetable oil derivative (e.g. a fatty acid) is used. ester, especially a fatty acid methyl ester) or another oxygenate such as an acid, ketone or ester. may be or contain a so-called "biodiesel" fuel component such as. Like this The ingredients do not necessarily have to be bioderived.
Bir baz yakit, bir Fischer-Tropsch türevi yakit bileseni, özellikle de bir Fischer-Tropsch türevli gaz yagi olabilmekte veya içerebilmektedir. Bu tür yakitlar bilinmekte ve dizel yakit bilesimlerinde kullanilmaktadir. Bunlar, Fischer-Tropsch yogunlasma reaksiyonunun sentez ürünleri, örnegin Bintulu, Malezya'da faaliyet gösteren Shell Orta Distilat Sentezi (Gazdan Siviya) prosesinden elde edilen ticari olarak kullanilan gaz yagi olmakta veya bunlardan hazirlanmaktadir. A base fuel, a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, especially a Fischer-Tropsch derived It may be or contain kerosene. Such fuels are known and diesel fuel It is used in compositions. These are the synthesis of the Fischer-Tropsch condensation reaction. products, such as Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (Gas to Gas) operating in Bintulu, Malaysia commercially used gas oil obtained from the liquid) process or is being prepared.
Genel olarak, gazdan siviya proseslerinin diger ürünleri, bu bulusa göre hazirlanan bir yakit bilesimine dahil edilmek için uygun olabilmektedir. Bu tür prosesler kullanilarak sivi yakit bilesenlerine dönüstürülen gazlar arasinda; dogal gaz (metan), LPG (örn. propan veya bütan), etan gibi "yogusma maddeleri", sentez gazi (CO/hidrojen) ve kömürden, biyokütleden ve diger hidrokarbonlardan türetilen gaz 'ürünleri bulunabilmektedir. In general, other products of gas-to-liquid processes include a fuel prepared according to the present invention. It may be suitable for inclusion in the composition. Liquid fuel can be produced using such processes. Among the gases converted into their components; natural gas (methane), LPG (e.g. propane or butane), "condensates" such as ethane, syngas (CO/hydrogen) and carbon dioxide from coal, biomass and other Gas products derived from hydrocarbons may be found.
Yakit bilesimindeki deterjan katkisi; poliolefin ikame edilmis süksinimidler veya poliaminlerin süksinamidleri, örnegin poliizobütilen süksinimidler veya poliizobütilen amin süksinamidler, alifatik aminler, Mannich bazlari veya aminleri ve poliolefin (örn. poliizobütilen) maleik anhidritlerden seçilmektedir. Süksinimit dispersan katki maddeleri; örnegin GB-A-960493, EP-A- edilmektedir. Ozellikle tercih edilenler, poliizobütilen süksinimidler gibi poliolefin ikameli süksinimitlerdir. 100 ila 300 ppmw araliginda bir aktif madde konsantrasyonunda mevcut olabilmektedir. Detergent additive in the fuel composition; polyolefin substituted succinimides or polyamines succinamides, such as polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases or amines and polyolefin (e.g. polyisobutylene) maleic are selected from anhydrites. Succinimide dispersant additives; e.g. GB-A-960493, EP-A- is done. Particularly preferred are polyolefin substituted molecules such as polyisobutylene succinimides. succinimides. It may be present in an active ingredient concentration in the range of 100 to 300 ppmw.
Yakit bilesimindeki soguk akis katki maddesi, bir orta distilat akis gelistirici (MDFI) veya bir balmumu çökme önleyici madde (WASA) veya daha tipik olarak bunlarin bir karisimidir. Mevcut bulus baglaminda, soguk akis katki maddesi, özellikle bir balmumu çökme önleyici madde olabilmekte veya en azindan içerebilmektedir. The cold flow additive in the fuel composition can be a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), or more typically a mixture thereof. Available In the context of the invention, a cold flow additive, particularly a wax anti-settling agent may be or at least contain.
MDFI'Ier, örnegin vinil asetat-içerikli bilesikler gibi vinil ester-içerikli bilesikler, özellikle polimerler ihtiva edebilmektedir. Alkenlerin (örnegin etilen, propilen veya stiren, daha tipik olarak etilen) ve doymamis esterlerin (örnegin vinil karboksilatlar, tipik olarak vinil asetat) kopolimerlerinin, örnegin MDFI'Ier olarak kullanildigi bilinmektedir. Vinyl ester-containing compounds, especially polymers, such as MDFIs, vinyl acetate-containing compounds may contain. alkenes (e.g. ethylene, propylene or styrene, more typically ethylene) and copolymers of unsaturated esters (e.g. vinyl carboxylates, typically vinyl acetate), It is known to be used as MDFIs, for example.
Bilinen diger soguk akis katki maddeleri (soguk akis gelistiriciler olarak da adlandirilmaktadir); tarak polimerlerini (bir polimer omurgasindan sarkan çok sayida hidrokarbil grubu-içerikli dallara sahip olan polimerler), amitler, aminler ve amin tuzlari da dahil polar azot bilesiklerini, hidrokarbon polimerlerini ve lineer polioksialkilenleri ihtiva etmektedir. Bu tür bilesiklerin Yine soguk akis katki maddeleri olarak kullanilabilen diger bilesik örnekleri arasinda WO-A- 95/23200'de tarif edilenler bulunmaktadir. Bunlar arasinda; 4 ila 7 arasindaki sayfalarda tanimlanan tarak polimerleri, özellikle vinil asetat ve alkiI-fumarat esterlerinin kopolimerlerinden olusanlar; alkol alkoksilatlar (örn. etoksilatlar, propoksilatlar veya bütoksilatlar) ve diger esterler ve eterler dahil olmak 'üzere lineer oksijen-içerikli bilesikler gibi 8 ila 19 arasindaki sayfalarda açiklanan ilave düsük sicaklik akis gelistiricileri; vinil asetat veya vinil heksanoat gibi doymamis esterlerin etilen kopolimerleri; ftalik asit amit veya hidrojenlenmis aminler (özellikle hidrojenlenmis yag asidi aminleri) gibi polar azot-içerikli malzemeler; hidrokarbon polimerleri (özellikle propilen veya stiren gibi diger alfa-olefinli etilen kopolimerleri); uzun Zincirli aminlerin, amin sülfonlar veya amin karboksamitlerin sülfonat tuzlari gibi kükürt karboksi bilesikleri; ve hidrokarbillenmis aromatikler bulunmaktadir. Other known cold flow additives (also called cold flow enhancers); comb polymers (with multiple hydrocarbyl group-containing branches hanging from a polymer backbone) polar nitrogen compounds, including amides, amines and amine salts, It contains hydrocarbon polymers and linear polyoxyalkylenes. Such compounds Other examples of compounds that can also be used as cold flow additives include WO-A- There are those described in 95/23200. Among these; On pages 4 to 7 defined comb polymers, especially copolymers of vinyl acetate and alkyl-fumarate esters formed; alcohol alkoxylates (e.g. ethoxylates, propoxylates or butoxylates) and other esters and linear oxygen-containing compounds, including ethers, on pages 8 to 19. additional low temperature flow improvers disclosed; unsaturated such as vinyl acetate or vinyl hexanoate ethylene copolymers of esters; phthalic acid amide or hydrogenated amines (especially polar nitrogen-containing materials such as hydrogenated fatty acid amines); hydrocarbon polymers (especially propylene or other alpha-olefin ethylene copolymers such as styrene); long chain amines, sulfur carboxy compounds such as amine sulfones or sulfonate salts of amine carboxamides; And There are hydrocarbylized aromatics.
Ideal olarak, soguk akis katki maddesi olarak kullanilan bilesikler, bosta protonlara sahip olacak veya bunlarla iliskilendirilecektir. Ideally, compounds used as cold flow dopant will have idle protons or will be associated with them.
Mevcut bulusta kullanim için özellikle tercih edilen soguk akis katki maddeleri, tercihen protonlarla iliski olarak azot atomlari içerenlerdir. Uygun bilesikler arasinda; aminler, amin tuzlari ve amitler, özellikle aminler ve bunlarin tuzlari, ayrica özellikle protonlanmis aminler yer almaktadir. Uygun bir sekilde bu türden en az bir bilesik, mevcut bulusa göre hazirlanan bir yakit bilesiminde bulunmaktadir. Particularly preferred cold flow additives for use in the present invention are preferably Those that contain nitrogen atoms in association with protons. Suitable compounds include; amines, amine salts and amides, especially amines and their salts, especially protonated amines. is taking. Suitably, at least one such compound is present in a compound prepared according to the present invention. It is present in the fuel composition.
Soguk akis katki maddeleri; daha düsük sicakliklarda performanslarini artirmak ve böylece bilesimlerle çalisan sistemlerin (tipik olarak tasitlarin) düsük sicaklikta çalisabilirligini yükseltmek için geleneksel olarak dizel yakit bilesimleri gibi orta distilat yakit bilesimleri dahil edilmektedir. Cold flow additives; to increase their performance at lower temperatures and thus to increase the low-temperature operability of systems (typically vehicles) operating with compounds Traditionally, middle distillate fuel compositions such as diesel fuel compositions are included.
Mevcut bulusa göre hazirlanan bir yakit bilesimindeki soguk akis katki maddesinin (aktif madde) 300 ppmw'ye kadar olabilmektedir. Konsantrasyonu (aktif madde); uygun olarak en az 20 ppmw, tercihen en az 30 veya 50 ppmw, daha çok tercihen en az 100 ppmw olacaktir. The cold flow additive (active ingredient) in a fuel composition prepared according to the present invention It can be up to 300 ppmw. Concentration (active ingredient); suitably at least 20 ppmw will preferably be at least 30 or 50 ppmw, more preferably at least 100 ppmw.
Mevcut bulusu uygularken, soguk akis katki maddesi ile deterjan katki maddesi; tipik olarak, her iki katki maddesi mevcut oldugunda bilesimin soguk akis performansi, sadece soguk akis katki maddesi mevcut oldugunda (ayni konsantrasyonda) olacagindan daha kötü olacak sekildedir. When applying the present invention, cold flow additive and detergent additive; Typically, each cold flow performance of the composition when two additives are present, cold flow additive alone worse than it would be if the substance was present (at the same concentration).
Bu gibi durumlarda mevcut bulus, soguk akis ve deterjan katki maddeleri arasindaki zararli etkilesimin karsilanmasinda yararli bir etki saglayabilmektedir. In such cases, the present invention eliminates the harmful effects between cold flow and detergent additives. It can provide a beneficial effect in counteracting the interaction.
Bir yakit bilesiminin soguk akis performansi, tercihen IP 309 standart test metodu veya benzer bir teknik kullanilarak soguk filtre tikama noktasi (CFPP) ölçülerek uygun sekilde degerlendirilebilmektedir. Bir yakitin CFPP'si, yakittaki balmumunun bir filtre süzgecinden akista ciddi kisitlamalara neden olacagi sicakliklari göstermekte ve daha düsük sicakliklarda tasitlarin çalisabilirligi ile iliskili olabilmektedir. CFPP'deki bir azalma, diger seyler esit iken soguk akis performansindaki bir iyilesmeye karsilik gelecektir. Iyilestirilmis soguk akis özellikleri, bir yakitin verimli bir sekilde kullanilabilecegi iklim kosullari veya mevsim araligini artirmaktadir. Cold flow performance of a fuel composition, preferably according to IP 309 standard test method or similar appropriately by measuring the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) using a technique can be evaluated. The CFPP of a fuel is when wax in the fuel flows through a filter screen. It indicates temperatures that will cause serious restrictions and at lower temperatures vehicles It may be related to its operability. A reduction in CFPP, other things being equal, cold flow will correspond to an improvement in performance. Improved cold flow properties of a fuel It increases the range of climatic conditions or seasons in which it can be used efficiently.
Soguk akis performansi; örnegin Aral kisa sediment testi (EN 23015) kullanilarak ve/veya bir dizel motorun, tasitin veya yakit bilesimi ile çalisan diger bir sistemin düsük sicaklik performansini degerlendirerek uygun baska bir sekilde hesaplanabilmektedir. Bu sekilde performansin ölçüldügü sicaklik, yakit bilesiminin kullanilmasi amaçlanan iklime bagli olabilmekte, örnegin Yunanistan'da "düsük sicaklik performansi" -5 °C'de degerlendirilebilirken, Finlandiya'da düsük sicaklik performansi -30 °C'de degerlendirmek gerekli olabilmekte, yakitlarin genellikle daha yüksek ortam sicakliklarinda kullanildigi daha sicak ülkelerde ise degerlendirilmesi gerekebilmektedir. Genel olarak, soguk akis performansindaki bir gelisme, yakit bilesimi ile çalisan bir sistemin çalisabilecegi minimum sicakligin belirli bir standarda azalmasi ile ortaya çikabilmektedir. Cold flow performance; for example using the Aral short sediment test (EN 23015) and/or a low temperature of a diesel engine, vehicle or other system operating on fuel composition It can be calculated in another appropriate way by evaluating its performance. In this way The temperature at which performance is measured depends on the climate in which the fuel composition is intended to be used. For example, in Greece "low temperature performance" can be evaluated at -5 °C, In Finland it may be necessary to evaluate low temperature performance at -30 °C, in hotter countries where fuels are generally used at higher ambient temperatures may need to be evaluated. In general, an improvement in cold flow performance The minimum temperature at which a system operating with a fuel composition can operate must meet a certain standard. may occur with a decrease in
Soguk akis performansindaki bir gelisme, bir CFPP testinde bir yakitin CFPP degerinden daha yüksek sicakliklarda meydana gelebilecek olan sözüm ona "duraksama" etkilerinin ideal olarak bastirilmasiyla azaltilabilmektedir. "Duraksama", CFPP test filtresinde CFPP'den daha yüksek bir sicaklikta meydana gelen en azindan kismi bir engel olarak anlasilabilmektedir. Böyle bir engel, bu tür ölçümlere izin verecek sekilde modifiye edilmis bir CFPP makinesinde 60 saniyenin altindaki bir seviyede de olsa artan bir filtreleme süresiyle ortaya çikacaktir. Yeterince siddetli ise, duraksama, testin erken sona ermesine ve CFPP degerinin daha yüksek sicaklik olarak kaydedilmesine neden olmakta, bu nedenle duraksama yeterince büyük ölçüde gerçeklestiginde duraksama olarak degil, sadece daha yüksek bir CFPP olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu tarifnamede CFPP degerlerine referanslar genellikle, bu tür duraksama etkilerinin (yani bir sonucu olarak ortaya çikan) dikkate alindigi degerleri içerecek sekilde alinabilmektedir. An improvement in cold flow performance is greater than the CFPP rating of a fuel in a CFPP test. The so-called "stall" effects that can occur at high temperatures are ideally can be reduced by suppression. "Pause" is higher in the CFPP test filter than in the CFPP occurring at a certain temperature can be understood as at least a partial obstruction. Such a obstacle, 60 on a CFPP machine modified to allow such measurements. It will occur with an increased filtering time, albeit at a sub-second level. Enough If severe, hesitation may result in premature termination of the test and a higher temperature of the CFPP value. so that the pause is sufficiently large that When it occurs, it is not considered a pause, just a higher CFPP. is done. References to CFPP values in this specification generally refer to such hesitation. including values that take into account the effects (i.e. arising as a result) of can be purchased.
Duraksama etkilerinde bir azalma, ilave katki maddesi olmadan yakit bilesiminin CFPP'si ölçülürken gözlemlenecek olan bir duraksama etkisinin tamamen ortadan kaldirilmasiyla ve/veya böyle bir duraksama etkisinin siddetinde bir azalmayla (örn. siddetli duraksama, sadece hafif duraksama haline gelir) ve/veya böyle bir duraksama etkisinin meydana geldigi sicakligin düsürülmesiyle ortaya çikabilmektedir. Duraksama etkileri, kaydedilen degerde bir artisi tetikleyen siddetli test makinelerinde bir yakit bilesiminin ölçülen CFPP'sinde degiskenlige neden olabileceginden, böyle bir azalma yararli olabilmektedir, çünkü bilesimin CFPP'sinin daha güvenilir ve dogru bir sekilde ölçülmesini saglayabilmekte, dolayisiyla bilesimin, endüstri ya da düzenleyici standartlar gibi spesifikasyonlari karsilamak için daha kolay bir sekilde uyarlanmasi ve kanitlanmasina izin vermektedir. A reduction in stall effects, CFPP of the fuel composition without additional additives By completely eliminating any hesitation effect that would be observed while measuring and/or with a decrease in the severity of the effect of such a pause (e.g. a severe pause, not only becomes a slight pause) and/or the temperature at which such a pause effect occurs It may occur by lowering the Stagnation effects include an increase in recorded value. variability in the measured CFPP of a fuel composition in vigorous testing machines that trigger Such a reduction may be beneficial because the CFPP of the composition is more can provide reliable and accurate measurement of the composition, therefore, the industry or be more easily adapted to meet specifications such as regulatory standards and allows it to be proven.
Soguk akis performansi üzerinde "zararli etkiye" yapilan atiflar, yukaridakilere uygun olarak anlasilabilir. Böyle bir etki; tipik olarak, yakit bilesiminin CFPP'sindeki bir artisa ve/veya bilesimin CFPP'si ölçülürken duraksama etkilerinde bir artisa ve/veya bilesim ile çalisan bir motorun veya aracin veya baska bir sistemin özellikle yukarida tarif edildigi gibi düsük sicakliklarda daha düsük performansina karsilik gelmektedir. References to "detrimental effect" on cold flow performance shall be made in accordance with the above. understandable. Such an effect; typically due to an increase in the CFPP of the fuel composition and/or When measuring the CFPP of the compound, there may be an increase in stalling effects and/or a engine or vehicle or other system, particularly as described above, It corresponds to lower performance at higher temperatures.
Mevcut bulusun birinci yönü baglaminda, deterjan katki maddesinin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkisinin "azalmasi", deterjan katki maddesinin yakit bilesiminin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkisinde (tipik olarak, örnegin artmis bir CFPP ile tezahür edildigi gibi bir zararli etki) herhangi bir azalma derecesini içermektedir. Bu, bilesimin (soguk akis katkisi dahil olan) soguk akis performansini deterjan katki maddesinin eklenmesinden hem önce hem de sonra ölçerek degerlendirilebiImektedir. Bu nedenle, soguk akis katki maddesinin deterjan katki maddesi ve/veya yakit bilesiminde bulunan diger herhangi bir kisim tarafindan devre disi birakilmasini azaltmak amaciyla ilave katki maddesi eklenebilmektedir. Ideal olarak, deterjan katki maddesinin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkisi, ilave katki maddesi ile tamamen iptal edilecek, baska bir deyisle, nihai bilesimin soguk akis performansi, soguk akis katki maddesi olan fakat deterjan katki maddesi olmayan bilesiminkinden daha kötü olmayacak ve bazi durumlarda daha iyi olabilecektir. In the context of the first aspect of the present invention, the cold flow performance of the detergent additive The "reduction" of the effect of the detergent additive on the cold flow of the fuel composition in its impact on performance (as typically manifested, for example, by an increased CFPP includes any degree of reduction in a harmful effect). This is due to the composition (cold flow contribution) included) cold flow performance both before and after adding the detergent additive. It can then be evaluated by measuring. Therefore, the detergent effect of the cold flow additive disabled by the additive and/or any other part of the fuel composition. Additional additives can be added to reduce shedding. Ideally, detergent The effect of the additive on the cold flow performance is completely canceled by the additional additive. to be determined, in other words, the cold flow performance of the final composition, the cold flow additive will not be worse than that of a composition with a detergent but without detergent additives, and some It might be better in some cases.
Mevcut bulusun ikinci ve dördüncü yönleri baglaminda, yakit bilesiminin soguk akis performansini "iyilestirme", ilave katki maddesi eklenmeden önce bilesimin performansina kiyasla herhangi bir gelisme derecesini kapsamaktadir. Örnek olarak bu; istenen bir hedefe, örnegin istenen bir hedef CFPP degerine ulasmak için ilave katki maddesi araciligiyla bilesimin soguk akis performansini ayarlamayi içerebilmektedir. In the context of the second and fourth aspects of the present invention, cold flow of the fuel composition "improving" the performance of the composition before additional additives are added. Comparatively, it covers any degree of development. For example, this; a desired goal, For example, to achieve a desired target CFPP value of the composition through additional additive This may include adjusting cold flow performance.
Bu bulusu kullanarak, bilesimin CFPP'si, ilave katki maddesinin eklenmesinden önceki degerine kiyasla en az 1 °C, tercihen en az 2 °C, daha tercihen en az 3 °C ve en çok tercihen en az 4 veya 5 veya bazen 6 veya 7 veya 8 °C azaltilabilmektedir. Using this invention, the CFPP of the composition is reduced to its value before the addition of the additive. at least 1 °C, preferably at least 2 °C, more preferably at least 3 °C and most preferably at least 4 °C compared to or 5 or sometimes 6 or 7 or 8 °C.
Mevcut bulusu kullanarak, bilesimin CFPP'si, ilave katki maddesinin eklenmesinden önceki degerinin en az %0,3'ü (Kelvin derece cinsinden ifade edilmektedir), daha tercihen en az %O,5'i ve en çok tercihen en az %1 veya 1,5 veya 2 veya hatta 3 veya 4'ü oraninda azaltilabilmektedir. Using the present invention, the CFPP of the composition prior to the addition of the additive at least 0.3% (expressed in degrees Kelvin), more preferably at least 0.5% of the and most preferably at least 1 or 1.5 or 2 or even 3 or 4% of can be reduced.
Mevcut bulusa göre hazirlanan bir yakit bilesimi; -5 °C veya daha düsük, tercihen -10 veya -15 °C veya daha düsük bir CFPP'ye sahip olabilmektedir. Tercih edilen bir yapilanmada, -20 °C veya daha düsük, tercihen -25 veya -28 veya -30 °C veya daha düsük bir CFPP'ye sahip olabilmektedir. A fuel composition prepared according to the present invention; -5 °C or lower, preferably -10 or -15 It may have a CFPP of °C or lower. In a preferred embodiment, -20 °C or lower, preferably with a CFPP of -25 or -28 or -30 °C or lower It may happen.
Mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, distilat yakit bilesiminde kullanilan "ilave katki maddesi", (a) asitler ve bunlarin karisimlari ve (b) yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri arasindan seçilmektedir. Bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi (b), bir veya daha fazla asit içerebilmekte; bu nedenle, bir karboksilik asit ve daha özel olarak bir yag asidi olan bir ilave katki maddesi, bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi gibi baska bir yakit katki maddesinin bir bileseni olarak kullanilabilmektedir. In accordance with the present invention, the "additional additive" used in the distillate fuel composition means: (a) acids and mixtures thereof; and (b) lubrication enhancing additives. One The lubrication enhancing additive (b) may contain one or more acids; Therefore, a An additional additive that is a carboxylic acid and more specifically a fatty acid, a lubricant as a component of another fuel additive, such as a boosting additive can be used.
Asit (a), karboksilik asitlerden seçilmekte ve bu nedenle bir -C02H veya -COz-H+ grubu içeren herhangi bir organik asit olabilmektedir. Alifatik (ya doymus ya da en azindan kismen doymamis ve istege bagli olarak siklik kisimlar dahil) veya aromatik, düz veya dallanmis zincir olabilmektedir. Örnegin 1 ila 30 arasinda, tercihen 1 ila 20 araliginda karbon atomu içerebilmektedir. Asit grubun yani sira diger gruplarla ikame edilebilmekte; örnegin, Iaktik veya glikolik asit gibi bir hidroksi asit veya Ievulinik asit gibi bir karbonil ikameli asit olabilmektedir. Acid (a) is selected from carboxylic acids and therefore contains a -CO2H or -CO2-H+ group. It can be any organic acid. Aliphatic (either saturated or at least partially unsaturated and optionally including cyclic moieties) or aromatic, straight or branched chain It may happen. For example, between 1 and 30 carbon atoms, preferably between 1 and 20 may contain. It can be substituted with other groups besides the acid group; for example, Iact or It can be a hydroxy acid such as glycolic acid or a carbonyl substituted acid such as levulinic acid.
Akrilik veya metakrilik asit gibi doymamis bir asit veya özellikle bir oligomer veya polimer gibi bir türevi olabilmektedir. An unsaturated acid such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, or a substance such as an oligomer or polymer. It can be a derivative.
Bu bulusta kullanilmak için özellikle tercih edilen karboksilik asitler, yag asitleri ve bunlarin karisimlaridir. Bu tür yag asitleri doymus veya doymamis (çoklu doymamis içeren) olabilmektedir. Örnegin 1 veya 2 ila 30 karbon atomu, uygun bir sekilde 10 ila 22 karbon atomu, tercihen 18 karbon atomu içerebilmektedirler. Örnekler arasinda; oleik asit, linoleik asit, Iinolenik asit, Iinolik asit, stearik asit, palmitik asit ve miristik asit sayilabilmektedir. Bunlardan oleik, Yag asitlerinin dimerleri veya oligomerleri ilave katki maddeleri (a) olarak da kullanilabilmektedir. Especially preferred for use in this invention are carboxylic acids, fatty acids and their are mixtures. These types of fatty acids are saturated or unsaturated (including polyunsaturated). It may happen. For example, 1 or 2 to 30 carbon atoms, suitably 10 to 22 carbon atoms, Preferably they may contain 18 carbon atoms. Examples include; oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, aminolic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid. Of these, oleik Dimers or oligomers of fatty acids are also used as additional additives (a) can be used.
Mevcut bulusun bir yapilanmasinda, ilave katki maddesi (a), taII yagindan türetilen ve az miktarda rosin asitleri ile birlikte çogunlukla yag asidi (oleik ve Iinoleik gibi) içeren taII yagi yag asididir. TaII yagi yag asidi, yaglanma artirici katki maddesi olarak zaten kullanilmaktadir. In one embodiment of the present invention, the additional additive (a) is derived from grain oil and contains little grain oil containing mostly fatty acids (such as oleic and inoleic) along with large amounts of rosin acids. It is an acid. TaII oil fatty acid is already used as a lubrication enhancing additive.
Mevcut bulusun baska bir yapilanmasinda, ilave katki maddesi (a) asetik asittir. Ilave katki maddesi olarak diger C1 ila Cm ya da C1 ila C8 ya da C1 ila C5 ya da C1 ila C4 karboksilik asitler de kullanilabilmektedir. Örnegin iki veya daha fazla, tercihen üç veya daha fazla, uygun sekilde dört veya daha fazla karboksilik asit (ideal olarak yag asitleri) içeren bir karisim, bu bulusta kullanilmak için tercih edilebilmektedir. Bu tür asitler; örnegin oleik, Iinoleik, Iinolenik, stearik ve palmitik asitlerden seçilebilmektedir. Özellikle tercih edilen bir karisim; agirlikça %25 ila 85 arasinda (uygun bir sekilde agirlikça %35 agirlikça %1 ila 30 arasinda (uygun bir sekilde agirlikça %2 ila 20 veya 5 ila 15 arasinda) veya 5 ila 10 arasinda) stearik asit ve/veya agirlikça %1 ila 30 arasinda (uygun bir sekilde agirlikça %2 ila 20 veya 5 ila 15 veya 5 ila 10 arasinda) palmitik asit içerebilmektedir. Böyle bir karisim; tercihen en azindan oleik ve Iinoleik asit, daha tercihen en azindan oleik, Iinoleik ve Mevcut bulusta kullanim için tercih edilen baska bir karboksilik asit; WO-A-98/01516'da özellikle ve sayfa 8'de 4 ila 18 arasindaki satirlarda açiklandigi gibi aromatik çekirdege bagli en az bir karboksil grubuna sahip olan bir aromatik bilesiktir. Bu gibi aromatik asitler, naftalen ve diger diaromatik veya poliaromatik asitlerin yani sira benzoik asitleri içerebilmektedir. Tercihen bir veya daha fazla alkil ve/veya alkoksi grubu ile ikame edilmektedir. Uygun olarak, asit, (R)n- CGHW) (OH)COgH formülüne sahip olan bir alkil ikameli salisilik asit olup; burada, her bir R, düz ve dallanmis zincirli, istege bagli olarak 6 ila 30, tercihen 8 ila 22, daha çok tercihen 8 ila 18 karbon atomuna sahip ikameli (olsa da tercihen ikamesiz) alkil gruplarindan bagimsiz olarak seçilmektedir ve n, 1 ila 4 arasinda, tercihen 1 olan bir tamsayidir. Ilave katki maddesi (a), elbette iki veya daha fazla bu tür alkil ikameli aromatik asit karisimi olabilmektedir. In another embodiment of the present invention, the additional additive (a) is acetic acid. additional contribution other C1 to Cm or C1 to C8 or C1 to C5 or C1 to C4 carboxylic acids as can also be used. For example, two or more, preferably three or more, suitably four or more A mixture containing carboxylic acid (ideally fatty acids) is preferred for use in this invention. can be done. Such acids; For example, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic and palmitic acids can be selected. A particularly preferred mixture; 25 to 85% by weight (suitably 35% by weight) 1 to 30% by weight (suitably 2 to 20 or 5 to 15% by weight) or between 5 and 10) stearic acid and/or between 1 and 30% by weight (as appropriate It may contain 2 to 20 or 5 to 15 or 5 to 10% palmitic acid by weight. Such a mixture; preferably at least oleic and linoleic acid, more preferably at least oleic, linoleic and Another preferred carboxylic acid for use in the present invention is; In particular WO-A-98/01516 and at least one attached to the aromatic core as described in lines 4 to 18 on page 8 It is an aromatic compound with a carboxyl group. Such aromatic acids, naphthalene and other It may contain benzoic acids as well as diaromatic or polyaromatic acids. Preferably one or substituted with more alkyl and/or alkoxy groups. Suitably, the acid is (R)n- CGHW) is an alkyl substituted salicylic acid having the formula (OH)COgH; where each R is straight and branched chain, optionally 6 to 30, preferably 8 to 22, more preferably 8 to 18 independently of substituted (but preferably unsubstituted) alkyl groups having a carbon atom is selected and n is an integer between 1 and 4, preferably 1. Additional additive (a), Of course, there may be a mixture of two or more such alkyl substituted aromatic acids.
Bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi (b), bilesimin bir motorda veya baska bir yakit tüketen sistemde kullanildigi durumda bir distilat yakit bilesiminin yaglama kabiliyetini artirabilen ve/veya asinma önleyici etkiler yaratabilen herhangi bir katki maddesidir. Bu tür katki maddelerinin, dizel yakitlar gibi distilat yakit bilesimlerine dahil edilmesinin bilinmesine ragmen, daha önce soguk akis performansini, özellikle de soguk akis performansini bozan bir deterjan katki maddesinin varliginda etkileyebilecekleri daha önce fark edilmemistir. A lubricity enhancing additive (b) is a lubricant-promoting additive used in an engine or other fuel-consuming which can increase the lubricating ability of a distillate fuel composition when used in the system and/or Any additive that can produce anti-wear effects. The use of such additives in diesel Although distillate is known to be included in fuel compositions such as fuels, it has previously been of a detergent additive that impairs flow performance, especially cold flow performance. It has not been noticed before that they may affect their presence.
Yaglanma artirici katki maddesi, tipik olarak aktif bilesen (bilesenler) olarak yukarida tanimlananlar gibi bir veya daha fazla karboksilik asit, özellikle yag asitleri ve/veya alkilsalisilik asitler, karboksilik asit esterleri, özellikle de yukarida tarif edilen gibi yag asitlerinden türetilenleri içerebilmektedir. Ester islevli oligomerler veya polimerler (örnegin olefin oligomerler) de kullanilabilmektedir. Bu tür esterler, metil esterler gibi monoalkol esterler olabilmekte veya daha uygun olarak gliserol esterler gibi poliol esterler olabilmektedir. En çok tercih edilen; bir yag asidinin mono-, di- veya tri- gliseriti veya bu türlerin iki veya daha fazla fazlasinin uygun bir karisimidir. Lubricity enhancing additive, typically listed above as active ingredient(s) one or more carboxylic acids, especially fatty acids and/or alkylsalicylic acids, such as those defined acids, carboxylic acid esters, especially those derived from fatty acids as described above may contain. Ester functional oligomers or polymers (e.g. olefin oligomers) are also can be used. Such esters can be monoalcohol esters such as methyl esters or more Suitably they may be polyol esters such as glycerol esters. Most preferred; a fat mono-, di- or tri-glyceride of the acid or two or more of these species in a suitable combination It is a mixture.
Yaglanma artirici katki maddesi, yag asidi amitleri içerebilmekte, burada tercih edilen yag asitleri, yukarida tarif edildigi gibi, örnegin dietanolamin gibi mono- veya özellikle di- alkanolaminlerin yag asidi amitleri olabilmektedir. The lubrication enhancing additive may contain fatty acid amides, the preferred oil being acids, as described above, mono- or especially di-, such as diethanolamine Alkanolamines can be fatty acid amides.
Piyasada mevcut uygun yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri arasinda; yag asidi bazli R650 (ex. lnfineum), yag asidi esteri bazli R655 (ex. lnfineum) ve amid bazli HitecT'V' 4848A (ex. Afton) bulunmaktadir. Among the suitable lubrication enhancing additives available on the market; fatty acid based R650 (ex. lnfineum), fatty acid ester-based R655 (ex. lnfineum) and amide-based HitecT'V' 4848A (ex. Afton) There are.
Diger yaglanma artiricilar, örnegin asagidakilerde tarif edilmektedir: - Danping Wei ve H.A. Spikes'in makalesi, "Dizel Yakitlarin Yaglanmasi", Wear, IlI (1986) 217- - WO-A-95/33805 (yukari bkz.) - düsük kükürtlü yakitlarin yaglanmasini arttirmak için soguk akis artiricilari; - WO-A-94/17160 - bir dizel motor enjeksiyon sisteminde asinma azaltmaya yönelik yakit katki maddeleri olarak bir karboksilik asit ve bir alkolün, asidin 2 ila 50 karbon atomuna sahip oldugu ve alkolün 1 veya daha fazla karbon atomuna sahip oldugu belirli esterleri, özellikle gliserol monooleat ve di-izodesil adipat; ve - US-A-5490864 - düsük kükürtlü dizel yakitlar için asinma önleyici yaglama katkilari olarak belirli ditiyofosforik diester-dialkoller. Other fat boosters are described, such as: - Danping Wei and H.A. Article by Spikes, "Lubration of Diesel Fuels", Wear, II (1986) 217- - WO-A-95/33805 (see above) - cold to improve lubrication of low sulfur fuels flow enhancers; - WO-A-94/17160 - fuel additive for wear reduction in a diesel engine injection system A carboxylic acid and an alcohol as substances, the acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms and certain esters in which the alcohol has 1 or more carbon atoms, especially glycerol monooleate and di-isodecyl adipate; And - US-A-5490864 - as anti-wear lubricating additives for low sulfur diesel fuels certain dithiophosphoric diester-dialcohols.
Tercihen, bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi (b), örnegin yukarida tanimlandigi gibi bir veya daha fazla yag asidi veya yag asidi türevleri (özellikle esterler ve/veya amitler) içermektedir. Preferably, a lubricity enhancing additive (b), such as one or more as defined above contains more fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives (especially esters and/or amides).
Daha tercihen, bir veya daha fazla yag asidi ihtiva etmektedir. Ticari olarak temin edilebilen bu tür katki maddelerinin örnekleri arasinda lnfineum'un R650 ve Lubrizol'un Lz 539 serisi 'ürünleri bulunmaktadir. More preferably, it contains one or more fatty acids. This is commercially available Examples of such additives include Infineum's R650 and Lubrizol's Lz 539 series' products. There are.
Bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi (b), anahtar yaglanma artirici aktife (aktiflere) ek olarak örnegin bir su uzaklastirici ve/veya bir pas önleyici ajan, ayrica geleneksel bir solvent (solventler) ve/veya eksipiyan (eksipiyanlar) gibi baska bilesenleri de içerebilmektedir. Alternatif olarak, ilave katki maddesi (b), yukarida tarif edilen tipte bir yaglanma artirici aktif veya karisimindan büyük ölçüde veya hatta tamamen olusabilmektedir. A lubrication enhancing additive (b), in addition to the key lubricating active(s) for example a water repellent and/or an anti-rust agent, as well as a conventional solvent It may also contain other ingredients such as solvents and/or excipients. Alternative Alternatively, the additional additive (b) may contain a lubrication enhancing active or additive of the type described above. It may consist largely or even entirely of the mixture.
Mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, yakit bilesiminde birden fazla ilave katki maddesi kullanilabilmektedir. akis gelistirici olarak açiklanan tipte bir bilesik olmamasi ve bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin (b), bu bulusta bir ilave katki maddesi olarak kullanilmasi uygun olabilmektedir. In accordance with the present invention, more than one additional additive can be used in the fuel composition. can be used. It is not a compound of the type described as a flow enhancer and is not an oil-promoting additive. It may be appropriate to use substance (b) as an additional additive in this invention.
Bir polimer ve/veya bir amin tuzu ve/veya bazi durumlarda bir amid olmamasi ve bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin (b), bu bulusta bir ilave katki maddesi olarak kullanilmasi uygun olabilmektedir. A polymer and/or an amine salt and/or in some cases a non-amide and a lubricant The enhancing additive (b) is suitable to be used as an additional additive in this invention. It may happen.
Mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, ilave katki maddesi; distilat yakit bilesiminde uygun herhangi bir veya bazi durumlarda 200 ppmw'ye kadar bir konsantrasyonda kullanilabilmektedir. According to the present invention, the additional additive; any suitable distillate fuel composition. or in some cases it may be used at a concentration of up to 200 ppmw.
Konsantrasyonu; en az 1 ppmw, tercihen en az 5 veya 10 ppmw, tercihen en az 50 veya 100 ppmw olabilmektedir. Kullanilan konsantrasyon, bilesimde bulunan deterjan ve soguk akis katki maddelerinin konsantrasyonlarina ve bunun istenen soguk akis performansina bagli olabilmektedir. Bazi durumlarda, ilave katki maddesinin konsantrasyonunun, yukarida tanimlanan araliklar içindeki bir konsantrasyonda oleik asit kullanilmasina esdeger bir asitlik verecek sekilde olmasi uygun olabilmektedir. Concentration; at least 1 ppmw, preferably at least 5 or 10 ppmw, preferably at least 50 or 100 It can be ppmw. The concentration used, the detergent and cold flow additive in the composition depending on the concentrations of the substances and its desired cold flow performance. It may happen. In some cases, the concentration of the additional additive may be an acidity equivalent to using oleic acid at a concentration within defined ranges It may be appropriate to have it in a way that gives
Yaglanma artirici bir katki maddesi olan bir ilave katki maddesi, mevcut bulusa uygun olarak yakit bilesiminde standart islem hizindan farkli (örnegin daha yüksek) bir konsantrasyonda kullanilabilmektedir. Dolayisiyla, mevcut bulusa göre bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin kullanilmasi, bilesime sadece yaglanma artirici özellikleri için dahil edilmis oldugu durumda gerekli veya istenen veya normal olandan baska bir konsantrasyonda dahil edilmesini içerebilmektedir. Kullanim; katki maddesinin, toplam yakit bilesimine (örn. bilesimde bulunan diger katki maddelerinin hesaba katilmasiyla) yeterli yaglama özellikleri kazandirmak için gerekli veya istenen ya da normal olandan daha yüksek bir konsantrasyonda dahil edilmesini içerebilmektedir. Özellikle, mevcut bulusa göre bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin kullanilmasi, zaten yeterli yaglanmaya sahip olan (tipik olarak bir veya daha fazla yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin zaten mevcut olmasindan dolayi) bir yakit bilesimine dahil edilmesini ihtiva edebilmektedir. An additional additive, which is a lubrication enhancing additive, is used in accordance with the present invention. at a different (e.g. higher) concentration in the fuel composition than at the standard processing rate can be used. Therefore, a lubrication enhancing additive according to the present invention should only be used if it is included in the composition for its fat-boosting properties. inclusion in a concentration other than that required or desired or normal. may contain. Use; of the additive to the total fuel composition (e.g. required to provide adequate lubricating properties (taking into account other additives) or is included in a higher concentration than is desired or normal. may contain. In particular, the use of a lubrication enhancing additive according to the present invention already provides sufficient having lubrication (typically already containing one or more lubrication enhancing additives) (due to its availability) being incorporated into a fuel composition.
Mevcut bulus baglaminda, bir katki maddesinin bir yakit bilesiminde "kullanimi", katki maddesini bilesime, tipik olarak bir veya daha fazla baska yakit bileseniyle bir karisim (yani fiziksel bir karisim) olarak dahil edilmesi anlamina gelmektedir. Bir katki maddesi, bilesim ile çalistirilacak olan bir içten yanmali motora veya baska bir sisteme bilesimin verilmesinden önce uygun sekilde dahil edilecektir. Bunun yerine veya ek olarak, bir katki maddesinin kullanimi; bir yakit tüketici sistemin, tipik olarak bir dizel motorun katki maddesini içeren bir yakit bilesimi ile, tipik olarak bilesimin bir motorun bir yanma odasina verilmesi ile çalistirilmasini içerebilmektedir. In the context of the present invention, "use" of an additive in a fuel composition means composition, typically a mixture with one or more other fuel components (i.e., a physical means to be included as a mixture). An additive to be operated with the composition Before introducing the composition into an internal combustion engine or other system with will be included as follows. Instead or in addition to the use of an additive; a fuel consuming system, typically with a fuel composition containing the additive of a diesel engine It may involve starting an engine by introducing the composition into a combustion chamber.
Bir ilave katki maddesinin yukarida tarif edilen yollarla "kullanimi"; mevcut bulusun birinci ila besinci yönlerinden herhangi birinin amacina (amaçlarina) ulasmak, örnegin arzu edilen bir soguk akis performansi seviyesini (örn. istenen bir hedef CFPP degeri) elde etmek ve/veya bilesimdeki soguk akis katki maddesi konsantrasyonunu azaltmak için bir distilat yakit bilesiminde kullanimina yönelik olarak böyle bir katki maddesinin talimatlar ile birlikte tedarikini de içerebilmektedir. Ilave katki maddesinin kendisi; bir yakit katki maddesi olarak kullanima ve/veya kullanim amacina uygun bir formülasyonun bir bileseni olarak saglanabilmekte olup, bu durumda, ilave katki maddesi, bir distilat yakit bilesiminin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkilerine tesir etmek amaciyla böyle bir formülasyona dahil edilebilmektedir. "Use" of an additive in the ways described above; first step of the present invention fifth, to achieve the goal(s) of any of its aspects, such as a desired to achieve a cold flow performance level (e.g. a desired target CFPP value) and/or a distillate fuel to reduce the cold flow additive concentration in the composition. supply of such an additive together with instructions for its use in the composition may also include. The additive itself; for use as a fuel additive and/or as a component of a formulation suitable for its intended use. In this case, the additional additive has a significant impact on the cold flow performance of a distillate fuel composition. It can be included in such a formulation to influence its effects.
Dolayisiyla, ilave katki maddesi, örnegin bir deterjan katki maddesinin kendisi gibi bir veya daha fazla baska yakit katki maddesi ile birlikte bir katki maddesi formülasyonuna veya paketine dahil edilebilmektedir. Therefore, the additive additive, like a detergent additive itself, for example, has one or more included in an additive formulation or package along with many other fuel additives can be done.
Mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, distilat yakit bilesimi, özellikle bir dizel yakit bilesimi oldugunda, deterjan ve soguk akis katki maddeleri ve ilave katki maddesine ek olarak baska bilesenler de içerebilmektedir. Bu tür bilesenler, tipik olarak yakit katki maddelerinde bulunacaktir. Örnekler sunlardir: yaglanma artiricilar; su uzaklastiricilar, örnegin alkoksillenmis fenol formaldehit polimerleri; köpük önleyici maddeler (örn. polieterle modifiye edilmis polisiloksanlar); atesleme gelistiricileri (setan gelistiriciler) (örn. 2-etilheksil nitrat (EHN), sikloheksil nitrat, di-tert-b'i'itil asit türevinin polihidrik alkol esterleri, alfa-karbon atomlarinin en azindan bir tanesinin üzerinde ila 500 karbon atomu ihtiva eden bir ikamesiz veya ikameli alifatik hidrokarbon grubuna sahip olan süksinik asit türevi, örn. poliizobutilenle ikameli süksinik asidin pentaeritritol diesteri); korozyon önleyiciler; koku vericiler; asinma önleyici katkilar; anti-oksidanlar (örn. 2,6-di-tert- bütilfenol gibi fenolikler veya N,N'-di-sek-bütiI-fenilenediamin gibi fenilendiaminler); metal deaktivatörleri; statik dagitici katkilar ve yanma iyilestiricileri. Bu tür bilesenler, örnegin bir deterjan katki maddesi gibi baska katki maddeleri ile birlestirilebilmektedir. In accordance with the present invention, the distillate fuel composition, especially when it is a diesel fuel composition, detergent and cold flow additives and other ingredients in addition to the additive may contain. Such components will typically be found in fuel additives. Examples They are: fat boosters; water repellents, e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers; antifoam agents (e.g. polyether-modified polysiloxanes); ignition builders (cetane builders) (e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), cyclohexyl nitrate, di-tert-b'i'hyl polyhydric alcohol esters of the acid derivative having at least one of the alpha-carbon atoms having an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing up to 500 carbon atoms succinic acid derivative, e.g. pentaerythritol diester of succinic acid substituted with polyisobutylene); corrosion inhibitors; odorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g. 2,6-di-tert- phenolics such as butylphenol or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-phenylenediamine); Metal deactivators; static dissipative additives and combustion improvers. Such components, for example a It can be combined with other additives such as detergent additives.
Bir distilat yakit bilesimi, örnek olarak, özellikle yakit bilesiminin düsük (örn. 500 ppmw veya daha az) kükürt içerigine sahip oldugunda bir yaglanma artirici içerebilmektedir. Bir yaglanma arasinda, daha tercihen 50 ila 500 ppmw araliginda bir konsantrasyonda kullanilmaktadir. A distillate fuel composition, for example, can be used particularly if the fuel composition is low (e.g. 500 ppmw or When it has a lower (lower) sulfur content, it may contain a lubrication enhancer. A lubrication It is used at a concentration between 50 and 500 ppmw.
Yaglanma artiricilarin uygun örnekleri arasinda ilave katki maddesi (b) ile baglantili olarak yukarida tarif edilenler yer almaktadir. Suitable examples of lubrication enhancers include in conjunction with the additional additive (b). those described above are included.
Yakit bilesiminin, bir köpük önleyici madde, daha çok tercihen bir pas önleyici madde ve/veya bir korozyon önleyici ve/veya bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesi ile kombinasyon halindeki bir köpük `önleyici madde içermesi tercih edilebilmektedir. The fuel composition must contain an antifoam agent, more preferably an anticorrosive agent and/or in combination with a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubrication enhancing additive It may be preferred to contain an anti-foam agent.
Aksi belirtilmedikçe, yakit bilesimi içindeki bu tür ilave bilesenlerin her birinin konsantrasyonu; ila 300 ppmw araliginda, örnegin 0.1 ile 150 ppmw arasinda yer almaktadir. (Bu tarifnamede verilen tüm katki konsantrasyonlari, aksi belirtilmedikçe, kütleye göre aktif madde konsantrasyonlarina atifta bulunmaktadir.) Yakit bilesimindeki herhangi bir su uzaklastiricinin konsantrasyonu; tercihen 0.1 ppmw ila 20 ppmw, daha tercihen 1 ila 15 ppmw, yine daha tercihen 1 ila 10 ppmw, avantajli olarak 1 ila 5 arasinda olacaktir. Mevcut herhangi bir atesleme gelistiricisinin konsantrasyonu; tercihen 2600 ppmw arasinda olacaktir. istenirse yukarida sayilanlar gibi bir veya daha fazla katki maddesi bileseni; bir katki maddesi konsantresi içinde tercihen uygun seyreltici (seyrelticiler) ile birlikte karistirilabilmekte ve daha sonra katki maddesi konsantrasyonu, yakit bilesimi içinde uygun bir miktarda dagitilabilmektedir. Unless otherwise stated, the concentration of each such additional component in the fuel composition; to 300 ppmw, for example between 0.1 and 150 ppmw. (In this description All additive concentrations given are active ingredient by mass unless otherwise stated. refers to concentrations.) The concentration of any water scavengers in the fuel composition; preferably 0.1 ppmw to 20 ppmw, more preferably 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably 1 to 10 ppmw, advantageously 1 to 5 It will be between. Concentration of any ignition enhancer present; preferably 2600 It will be between ppmw. If desired, one or more additive components such as those listed above; an additive It can be mixed preferably with appropriate diluent(s) in the concentrate and The additive concentration is then adjusted to an appropriate amount in the fuel composition. can be distributed.
Bir distilat yakit katki maddesi, örnegin; istege bagli olarak yukarida açiklandigi gibi diger bilesenler ile birlikte bir deterjan ve örnegin distilat yakitla uyumlu bir seyreltici, bir dizel yakit olmasi durumunda tolüen, ksilen, beyaz ispirto ve Shell sirketleri tarafindan "SHELLSOL" markasi altinda satilanlar gibi bir polar olmayan hidrokarbon çözücü ve/veya bir ester gibi bir polar çözücü, özellikle de bir alkol, örn. heksanol, 2-etilheksanol, dekanol, izotridekanol ve alkol karisimlari, en çok tercihen 2-etilhekzanol içerebilmektedir. Ilave katki maddesi, mevcut bulusa göre böyle bir katki maddesi formülasyonuna dahil edilebilmektedir. ppmw'nin altinda olabilmektedir. A distillate fuel additive, e.g. Optionally, other as explained above a detergent and a diluent compatible with distillate fuel, for example a diesel fuel, together with the ingredients in case of toluene, xylene, white spirit and "SHELLSOL" by Shell companies. a non-polar hydrocarbon solvent such as those sold under the trade name and/or an ester polar solvent, especially an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isotridecanol and alcohol The mixtures may most preferably contain 2-ethylhexanol. Additional additive according to the present invention Accordingly, such an additive can be included in the formulation. It may be below ppmw.
Katki maddeleri, bir yakit bilesiminin üretilmesi sirasinda çesitli asamalarda eklenebilmekte; rafineride ilave edilenler; örnegin antistatik maddeler, boru hatti sürtünme azalticilar, akis artiricilar, yaglanma artiricilar, antioksidanlar ve balmumu önleyici maddeler arasindan seçilebilmektedir. Mevcut bulusu gerçeklestirirken, bir baz yakit zaten bu tür rafineri katki maddelerini içerebilmektedir. Rafineriden asagi akis yönünde baska katki maddeleri eklenebilmektedir. Additives can be added at various stages during the production of a fuel composition; Added at the refinery; e.g. antistatic agents, pipeline friction reducers, flow enhancers, lubricant enhancers, antioxidants and anti-wax agents can be selected. In carrying out the present invention, a base fuel already contains such refinery additives. may contain substances. Other additives downstream from the refinery can be added.
Mevcut açiklamanin bir baska yönüne göre, bir distilat baz yakit, bir deterjan katki maddesi, bir soguk akis katki maddesi ve asagidakilerden seçilen bir baska katki maddesi içeren bir yakit bilesimi saglanmaktadir: (a) asitler, özellikle karboksilik asitler ve bunlarin karisimlari; ve (b) yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a distillate base fuel, a detergent additive, a A fuel containing a cold flow additive and another additive selected from the following: The composition is provided: (a) acids, especially carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof; And (b) lubrication enhancing additives.
Ilave katki maddesi, mevcut bulusun birinci ila besinci yönleriyle baglantili olarak yukarida tanimlandigi gibi olabilmektedir. Özellikle, bir karboksilik asit, örnegin asetik asit gibi bir C1 ila Cm karboksilik asit olabilmektedir. Yine, distilat baz yakit, tercihen bir orta distilat baz yakitidir. The additive additive is described above in connection with the first through fifth aspects of the present invention. It may be as defined. In particular, a carboxylic acid, such as a C1 to acetic acid Cm can be carboxylic acid. Again, the distillate base fuel is preferably a middle distillate base fuel.
Mevcut açiklamanin bir baska yönüne uygun olarak, altinci yöne uygun bir bilesim gibi bir yakit bilesiminin hazirlanmasina yönelik bir proses saglanmakta olup, bu proses, bir distilat (tipik olarak orta distilat) baz yakitin bir deterjan katki maddesi, bir soguk akis katki maddesi ve yukarida tanimlandigi gibi bir ilave katki maddesi ile karistirilmasini içermektedir. Karistirma, ideal olarak, mevcut bulusun birinci ila besinci yönleriyle baglantili olarak, özellikle de elde edilen yakit bilesiminin soguk akis özelliklerine iliskin olarak açiklanan amaçlardan biri veya daha fazlasi için gerçeklestirilmektedir. In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a fuel such as a composition according to the sixth aspect A process is provided for the preparation of a distillate (typical middle distillate) of the base fuel with a detergent additive, a cold flow additive and It involves mixing it with an additional additive as defined above. To mix up, Ideally, in connection with the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, especially One or more of the objectives declared in relation to the cold flow properties of the fuel composition It is carried out for more.
Proses, örnegin bir rafineride bir yakit bilesiminin karisimini kontrol etmek için bir prosesin parçasini olusturabilmekte veya bir sistemi kullanarak gerçeklestirilebiImektedir. Bu tür bir sistem, tipik olarak; ilgili katki maddelerinin ve bir distilat baz yakitin her birini bir karistirma odasina sokmak için bir araç, katki maddelerinin ve baz yakitin odaya hacimsel akis hizlarini bagimsiz bir sekilde kontrol etmek için akis kontrol araci, bir kullanici tarafindan sisteme bir istenen hedef soguk akis özelligi (örn. istenen bir hedef CFPP) girisini elde etmek için gereken, katki maddelerinin her birinin oranlarini hesaplamak için bir araç ve bilesenlerinin karistirma odasina akis hizlarini degistirerek ürün bilesiminde istenen katki maddesi oranlarini elde etmek üzere çalistirilabilen akis kontrol aracina bu hesaplamanin sonuçlarini yönlendirmek için bir araç içermektedir. Process, for example a process to control the blending of a fuel composition in a refinery It can be a part of the work or can be realized using a system. This kind of The system typically; mixing each of the relevant additives and a distillate base fuel. a means to introduce the volumetric flow rates of additives and base fuel into the chamber. The flow control tool is used to control the system independently by a user. required to achieve the desired target cold flow specification (e.g. a desired target CFPP) input, A tool for calculating the proportions of each of the ingredients and mixing of the ingredients To obtain the desired additive ratios in the product composition by changing the flow rates into the chamber to direct the results of this calculation to the flow control device which can be operated to Includes vehicle.
Gerekli oranlari hesaplamak için, bu tipte bir proses veya sistem; uygun bir sekilde, söz konusu baz yakit için bilinen soguk akis özelliklerini ve uygun olarak, ilgili katki maddelerinin degisen oranlarini içeren yakit bilesimlerinin soguk akis özelliklerini tahmin eden bir model ve/veya tanimlayan verileri kullanacaktir. Proses veya sistem daha sonra, örnegin, mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, sadece soguk akis katki maddesi ve deterjan katki maddesi mevcut oldugunda gerekli olmasi gerekenden daha düsük bir soguk akis katki maddesi konsantrasyonu seçebilmekte ve olustu ra bilmektedir. To calculate the required ratios, this type of process or system; in an appropriate manner, the known cold flow properties for the base fuel and, accordingly, the varying additives involved. A model that predicts the cold flow properties of fuel compositions containing ratios and/or will use identifying data. The process or system is then, for example, in accordance with the present invention. As a rule, it is only necessary when cold flow additive and detergent additive are present. You can choose a cold flow additive concentration that is lower than it should be and It can be created.
Mevcut bulus böylece; tercihen bilesime dahil edilen katki maddelerinin ve baz yakitin nispi oranlari üzerinde gerçek zamanli kontrol saglayarak, örnegin bilesenlere yönelik nispi akis hizlari veya akis sürelerini kontrol ederek bir distilat yakit bilesiminin formülasyonunu en azindan kismen otomatiklestirmek için uygun bir sekilde kullanilabilmektedir. The present invention thus; Preferably, the relative composition of the additives and the base fuel providing real-time control over rates, e.g. relative flow to components Optimize the formulation of a distillate fuel composition by controlling rates or flow times It can be conveniently used to at least partially automate.
Mevcut bulusun altinci yönüne uygun bir yakit bilesiminin ve/veya birinci ila besinci yönlerden herhangi birine uygun olarak hazirlanan bir yakit bilesiminin sisteme dahil edilmesini içeren ve bir yakit tüketici sistemin çalistirilmasina yönelik bir yöntem saglanmaktadir. Yine, yakit bilesimi tercihen, mevcut bulusun birinci ila besinci yönleri ile baglantili olarak yukarida açiklanan amaçlardan bir veya daha fazlasi için kullanilmaktadir. Bu nedenle, sistem, sistemin düsük sicaklik performansini artirmak amaciyla tercihen mevcut bulusun yakit bilesimi ile çalistirilmaktadir. A fuel composition in accordance with the sixth aspect of the present invention and/or the first to fifth aspects involving the introduction into the system of a fuel composition prepared in accordance with any of the A method for operating a fuel consuming system is provided. Again, fuel composition preferably as described above in connection with the first through fifth aspects of the present invention. It is used for one or more of the purposes. Therefore, the system is low preferably with the fuel composition of the present invention in order to increase the temperature performance. is being operated.
Sistem, özellikle bir içten yanmali motor ve/veya bir içten yanmali motor tarafindan tahrik edilen bir araç olabilmekte olup, bu durumda yöntem, ilgili yakit bilesiminin motorun bir yanma odasina verilmesini ihtiva etmektedir. Motor, tercihen bir sikistirma ateslemeli (dizel) motordur. Böyle bir dizel motor; dogrudan enjeksiyonlu tipte, örnegin döner pompa, sira tipi pompa, birim pompa, elektronik birim enjektör veya genel ray tipinde veya dolayli enjeksiyon tipinde olabilmektedir. The system, in particular, is driven by an internal combustion engine and/or an internal combustion engine. may be a vehicle, in which case the method involves introducing the relevant fuel composition into a combustion chamber of the engine. It includes giving. The engine is preferably a compression ignition (diesel) engine. Such a diesel engine; direct injection type, such as rotary pump, inline pump, unit pump, The electronic unit can be injector or general rail type or indirect injection type.
Bir agir veya hafif hizmet dizel motoru olabilmektedir. It can be a heavy or light duty diesel engine.
Bu tarifnamenin açiklama ve istemleri boyunca, "olusmak" ve "Içermek" kelimeleri ve örnegin gelmekte ve diger parçalari, katki maddelerini, unsurlari, tamsayilar veya adimlari hariç tutmayi amaçlamamaktadir. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprising" and "comprising" and, e.g. comes and excludes other parts, additives, elements, integers or steps. It does not aim.
Bu tarifnamenin açiklama ve istemleri boyunca, tekil, kapsam baska türlü gerektirmedikçe çogulu da içermektedir. Özellikle, sinirsiz artikelin kullanildigi yerde, tanimin, kapsam baska türlü gerektirmedikçe çogullugun yani sira tekillik olarak düsünüldügü anlasilmalidir. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, singular, unless the scope otherwise requires. It also includes the plural. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the definition It should be understood that it is considered as singularity as well as plurality unless it requires something else.
Mevcut bulusun ikinci ve sonrasindaki yönlerinin tercih edilen özellikleri, diger yönlerden herhangi biri ile baglantili olarak açiklandigi gibi olabilmektedir. Preferred features of the second and subsequent aspects of the present invention are, in other respects It may be as described in connection with any of them.
Mevcut bulusun diger özellikleri, asagidaki örneklerden anlasilacaktir. Genel olarak, mevcut bulus, bu tarifnamede (ekli istemler ve çizimler dahil olmak üzere) açiklanan özelliklerin herhangi yeni bir veya herhangi yeni kombinasyonunu kapsamaktadir. Bu nedenle, bu bulusun özel bir yönü, yapilanmasi veya örnegi ile baglantili olarak tarif edilen özellikler, tamsayilar, karakteristikler, bilesikler, kimyasal parçalar veya gruplar; buraya uyumsuz olmadigi sürece burada açiklanan herhangi bir baska yön, yapilanma veya örnege uygulanabilir olarak anlasilmalidir. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following examples. In general, available The invention has the features disclosed in this specification (including the attached claims and drawings). includes any new or any new combination. Therefore, this finding properties, integers, described in connection with a particular aspect, configuration, or instance characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups; Unless it's incompatible here applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example disclosed herein. must be understood.
Ayrica, aksi belirtilmedikçe, burada açiklanan herhangi bir özellik, ayni veya benzer bir amaca hizmet eden alternatif bir özellik ile degistirilebilmektedir. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, any features described herein are intended for the same or similar purpose. It can be replaced with an alternative feature that serves
Asagidaki örnekler, bu bulusa göre hazirlanan yakit bilesimlerinin özelliklerini ve performansini göstermekte ve çesitli katki maddelerinin dizel yakit bilesimlerinin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkilerini degerlendirmektedir. The following examples illustrate the properties and performance of fuel compositions prepared according to the present invention. shows and the cold flow performance of diesel fuel compositions of various additives. evaluates its effects on
Bazilari halihazirda soguk akis katki maddeleri içeren, piyasada satilan bir dizi dizel yakitlardan numuneler alinmistir. Digerleri için, soguk akis katki maddeleri, katki maddesi tedarikçisinin talimatlarina uygun olarak yakitlara karistirilmistir (tipik olarak 45 ila 65 °C'de, ardindan yaklasik °C`Iik bir ortam sicakligina kadar sogutma) - bu durumlarda soguk akis katki maddeleri, her biri tipik olarak 150 ila 200 ppmw'lik bir konsantrasyonda hem bir MDFI ve bir WASA içermistir. A number of commercially available diesel fuels, some of which already contain cold flow additives samples were taken. For others, cold flow additives are available from the additive supplier. mixed into fuels according to instructions (typically at 45 to 65 °C, followed by ca. (cooling to an ambient temperature of °C) - in these cases cold flow additives one typically contained both an MDFI and a WASA at a concentration of 150 to 200 ppmw.
Diger katki maddeleri, yakitlarin içine uygun olana göre ya hala sicakken ya da ortam sicakliginda karistirilmistir. Other additives are introduced into the fuels either while they are still hot or at ambient temperature, depending on the suitability. It was mixed at temperature.
Soguk akis performansi, bir 5GS CFPP test makinesi (ex. ISL) ve anahtar yönleriyle ”3 309 standart test yöntemine benzer bir yöntem kullanilarak yakit/katki maddesi karisimlari için soguk filtre tikama noktalari (CFPP'Ier) ölçülerek degerlendirilmistir. Cold flow performance, a 5GS CFPP testing machine (ex. ISL) and key aspects ”3 309 cold testing for fuel/additive mixtures using a method similar to the standard test method. filter plugging points (CFPPs) were measured and evaluated.
Asagidaki yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri kullanilmistir: A katkisi tall yagi yag asitlerinin bir karisimini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir bir katki maddesi; B katkisi temel olarak Cm ila C2: (temel olarak C16 ila 018) yag asitlerinin bir karisimini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir bir katki maddesi; C katkisi D katkisi E katkisi F katkisi G katkisi linoleik asidin gliserol esterleri, temel olarak gliserol mono(linoleat), gliserol di(linoleat) ve gliserol tri(IinoIeatin) yaklasik olarak 4:4:1 oranindaki bir karisimini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir ester bazli bir katki maddesi; tall yagi yag asitlerinin bir karisimini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir bir katki maddesi; tall yagi yag asitlerinin bir karisimini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir bir katki maddesi; alkilsalisilik asit içeren bir katki maddesi; ve R-C(O)-N(CHgCH20H)2 genel formülüne sahip, dietanolaminin tall yagi yag asidi amitlerini içeren, ticari olarak temin edilebilir, amid bazli bir katki maddesidir. The following lubrication enhancing additives have been used: Supplement A is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of tall oil fatty acids. article; The B adduct mainly contains a mixture of fatty acids Cm to C2: (mainly C16 to O18). a commercially available additive containing; C contribution D contribution E contribution F contribution G contribution glycerol esters of linoleic acid, mainly glycerol mono(linoleate), glycerol A mixture of di(linoleate) and glycerol tri(linoleatin) in a ratio of approximately 4:4:1 a commercially available ester-based additive containing; Tall oil is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of fatty acids. article; Tall oil is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of fatty acids. article; an additive containing alkylsalicylic acid; And Tall fatty acid of diethanolamine, with the general formula R-C(O)-N(CHgCH2OH)2 It is a commercially available amide-based additive containing amides.
Almanya'dan elde edilen ticari olarak temin edilebilen bir dizel yakit bilesimi, Almanya için EN 590:99 kis dizel spesifikasyonuna giren bir yakit bilesimi elde etmek için standart soguk akis katki maddeleri ( daha sonra, bu bulusa uygun olarak bir deterjan katki maddesi ve ilave katki maddeleri ile karistirilmistir. Her bir karisimin soguk filtre tikama noktasi (CFPP) yukarida açiklandigi gibi ölçülmüstür. Bazi ölçümler, farkli test kitleri kullanilarak iki veya üç kez gerçeklestirilmis; her bir karisim için CFPP ölçümleri, #1, #2 ve #3 olarak adlandirilmistir. A commercially available diesel fuel composition obtained from Germany, EN for Germany Standard cold flow to obtain a fuel composition falling within the 590:99 winter diesel specification additives ( then with a detergent additive and additional additives in accordance with the present invention. mixed. The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of each mixture is as described above. has been measured. Some measurements were performed two or three times using different test kits; each CFPP measurements for the mixture are named #1, #2, and #3.
Yakit bilesimi (soguk akis katki maddelerinin eklenmesinden önce), asagidaki Tablo 1'de gösterilen spesifikasyona sahip olmustur. Fuel composition (before addition of cold flow additives) is in Table 1 below It has the specification shown.
Yakit özelligi Test yöntemi Bulutlanma noktasi (°C) IP 219 -8 CFPP (°C) IP 309 -11 (duraksama Kinematik viskozite @ 40 °C (mm2/s) (santistok) 'P 71 3284 Distilasyon (°C) : IP 123 Aromatikler (%k) IP 391 Di 3,4 Toplam 24,1 Toplam kükürt (mg/kg) âggyz < 5 Deneylerde kullanilan deterjan katki maddesi, bir poliaminin poliizobüten süksinimidini (bir deterjan aktifi olarak) ve bir silikon köpük 'önleyici madde ile bir su uzaklastirici dahil diger yakit katki maddelerinin küçük miktarlarini içeren OCTIMISET'V' D3016 (ex. Octel) olmustur. Nominal muamele orani 1000 ppmw olmustur. Fuel property Test method Cloud point (°C) IP 219 -8 CFPP (°C) IP 309 -11 (pause Kinematic viscosity @ 40 °C (mm2/s) (centistokes) 'P 71 3284 Distillation (°C): IP 123 Aromatics (%k) IP 391 Di 3,4 Total 24.1 Total sulfur (mg/kg) âggyz < 5 The detergent additive used in the experiments was polyisobutene succinimide of a polyamine (a other fuel including detergent active) and a water repellant with a silicone antifoam agent OCTIMISET'V' D3016 (ex. Octel) containing small amounts of additives. Nominal The treatment rate was 1000 ppmw.
Mevcut bulusa göre kullanilan diger katki maddeleri, yukarida tarif edildigi gibi ticari olarak temin edilebilen A, B ve C yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri olmustur. Other additives used according to the present invention are commercially available as described above. A, B and C are the fat-increasing additives that can be used.
Sonuçlar asagidaki Tablo 2'de gösterilmektedir. Ne deterjan katki maddesi ne de ilave katki maddesi içeren bilesimler için, alintilanan sonuçlar, okumalarin araligi parantez içinde gösterilmek üzere birkaç tekrarli okumanin bir ortalamasidir. Tablo 2 ayrica, gözlemlendigi durumda duraksama etkilerini detaylandirmaktadir; bunlar, CFPP okumalarinin yorumlanmasinda yardimci olabilmektedir. The results are shown in Table 2 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings. Table 2 also shows that the observed details the effects of pause in the situation; these are the CFPP readings may assist in interpretation.
Deterjan katkisi Ilave katki CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) maddesi (ppmw) (°C) siddetli duraksama duraksama duraksama duraksama duraksama Tablo 2, F1 yakit bilesiminin (soguk akis katki maddelerine sahip) CFPP'sinin -25 ila -26 °C civarinda oldugunu göstermektedir. Deterjan katki maddesinin eklenmesi, soguk akis katki maddeleri ile müteakiben eklenen deterjan arasindaki zararli etkilesimi gösterecek sekilde, CFPP'de belirgin bir yükselise neden olmaktadir. Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) substance (ppmw) (°C) severe pause pause pause pause pause Table 2 shows the CFPP of fuel composition F1 (with cold flow additives) at -25 to -26 °C It shows that it is around. Adding detergent additive, cold flow additive in a way that shows the harmful interaction between the ingredients and the subsequently added detergent, It causes a significant increase in CFPP.
Bununla birlikte, yaglanma arttirici katki maddelerinin ilavesi, mevcut bulusa uygun olarak, CFPP'de sasirtici bir düsüse yol açmakta, böylece deterjan katki maddesinin olumsuz etkilerine karsi gelmektedir. Sadece deterjan için CFPP #1 okumasinda gözlemlenen siddetli duraksama da ayrica azaltilmakta ve çogu durumda, ilave katki maddesinin eklenmesinin ardindan ortadan kalmaktadir. However, the addition of lubrication enhancing additives, in accordance with the present invention, It leads to a surprising decrease in CFPP, thus preventing the negative effects of the detergent additive. It comes against. Severe hesitation in CFPP #1 reading for detergent only is also reduced and, in most cases, eliminated after the addition of the additional additive. remains.
Katki maddelerinin ikisinin farkli muamele oranlarinda (hem 500 hem de 300 ppmw'de A katkisi ve hem 500 hem de 150 ppmw'de B katkisi) etkili oldugu gösterilmektedir. Two of the additives were tested at different treatment rates (additive A at both 500 and 300 ppmw). and B additive at both 500 and 150 ppmw) are shown to be effective.
Ticari olarak temin edilebilen ikinci bir dizel yakit bilesimi (F2) (ex. Shell) Almanya'dan elde edilmistir. Bu, standart soguk akis katki maddeleri (MDFI R252'den 80 ila 120 ppmw ve WASA R474'ten 150 ppmw (her ikisi ex. Infineum)) içermistir. F2, bu bulusa uygun olarak bir deterjan katki maddesi (OCTIMISETM D3016) ve ilave katki maddeleri ile karistirilmistir. Her bir karisim için CFPP, Örnek 1'deki gibi ölçülmüstür. A second commercially available diesel fuel composition (F2) (ex. Shell) is obtained from Germany has been done. This is the standard cold flow additives (80 to 120 ppmw from MDFI R252 and WASA Contains 150 ppmw of R474 (both ex. Infineum)). F2 is a detergent according to the present invention. additive (OCTIMISETM D3016) and mixed with additional additives. Each mixture CFPP was measured as in Example 1.
F2 yakit bilesimi (zaten soguk akis katki maddeleri içeren), asagidaki Tablo 3'te gösterilen Yakit özelligi Test yöntemi Bulutlanma noktasi (°C) IP 219 -11 Kinematik viskozite @ 40 (mm2/s) (santistok) Distilasyon (°C) : IP 123 Aromatikler (%k) IP 391 Di 5,6 Toplam 31,6 Toplam kükürt (mg/kg) ASTM D2622 11 Kullanilan ilave katki maddeleri; (a) asetik asit, (b) yukarida tarif edildigi gibi, A, B, D ve E yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri ve (c) oleik asit (agirlikça %55), Iinoleik asit (agirlikça %19), bir yag asidi karisimi olmustur. F2 fuel composition (already containing cold flow additives) shown in Table 3 below Fuel property Test method Cloud point (°C) IP 219 -11 Kinematic viscosity @ 40 (mm2/s) (centistoke) Distillation (°C): IP 123 Aromatics (%k) IP 391 Di 5.6 Total 31.6 Total sulfur (mg/kg) ASTM D2622 11 Additional additives used; (a) acetic acid, (b) A, B, D and E as described above lubrication enhancing additives and (c) oleic acid (55% by weight), Iinoleic acid (19% by weight), It was a mixture of fatty acids.
CFPP sonuçlari, asagidaki Tablo 4'te gösterilmektedir. Ne deterjan katki maddesi ne de ilave katki maddesi içeren bilesimler için, alintilanan sonuçlar, okumalarin araligi parantez içinde gösterilmek üzere birkaç tekrarli okumanin bir ortalamasidir. CFPP results are shown in Table 4 below. No detergent additives or additives For compositions containing additives, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.
Deterjan katkisi Ilave katki maddesi CFPP #1 CFPP #2 CFPP #3 -31) -31) -30) 1000 0 -20 -19 Tablo 4, F2 yakit bilesiminin CFPP'sinin -30 °C civarinda oldugunu göstermektedir. Deterjan katki maddesinin eklenmesi, F2'de bulunan soguk akis katki maddeleri ile müteakiben eklenen deterjan arasindaki zararli etkilesimi gösterecek sekilde, CFPP'de -20 ° C'ye belirgin bir yükselise neden olmaktadir. Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 CFPP #2 CFPP #3 -31) -31) -30) 1000 0 -20 -19 Table 4 shows that the CFPP of fuel composition F2 is around -30 °C. Detergent addition of the additive, followed by the cold flow additives in F2 a significant decrease in CFPP to -20 °C, indicating detrimental interaction between detergent and detergent. causes an increase.
Bununla birlikte, mevcut bulusa göre ilave katki maddelerinin eklenmesi, CFPP'de düsüslere neden olmakta, böylece deterjan katki maddesinin olumsuz etkilerine en azindan kismen karsi gelmektedir. Bazi durumlarda, deterjanin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki etkisinin, ilave katki maddesi tarafindan tamamen iptal ettigi görülmektedir. Özellikle etkili ilave katki maddeleri arasinda, yag asidi karisimi ve A, B ve E katkilari gibi yag asidi bazli yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri bulunmaktadir. However, the addition of additional additives according to the present invention causes decreases in CFPP. Thus, it at least partially counteracts the negative effects of the detergent additive. is coming. In some cases, the effect of the detergent on the cold flow performance may be affected by additional additives. It is seen that it is completely annulled by the article. Particularly effective additional additives include fatty acid blending and oil additives such as A, B and E additives. It contains acid-based lubrication enhancing additives.
Katki maddelerinin ikisinin farkli muamele oranlarinda (hem 500 hem de 300 ppmw'de A katkisi ve hem 500 hem de 150 ppmw'de B katkisi) etkili oldugu gösterilmektedir. Two of the additives were tested at different treatment rates (additive A at both 500 and 300 ppmw). and B additive at both 500 and 150 ppmw) are shown to be effective.
Ornek 1 tekrar edilmis, ancak deterjan katki maddesi olarak tetraetilenpentaminin bir poliizobütilen süksinimidini (ortalama molekül agirligi yaklasik 1000 olan poliizobütilen esasli) içeren bir formülasyon kullanilmistir. Bu katki maddesi için standart muamele orani 636 ppmw'dir. Mevcut bulusa göre kullanilan ilave katki maddeleri, (a) asetik ve Iinolenik asitler ve (b) F, C, G ve A yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri olmustur. Example 1 repeated, but with tetraethylenepentamine as a detergent additive. polyisobutylene succinimide (based on polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of approximately 1000) A formulation containing The standard treatment rate for this additive is 636 ppmw. Additional additives used according to the present invention are (a) acetic and inolenic acids and (b) F, C, G and A were fat-increasing additives.
Sonuçlar asagidaki Tablo 5'de gösterilmektedir. Ne deterjan katki maddesi ne de ilave katki maddesi içeren bilesimler için, alintilanan sonuçlar, okumalarin araligi parantez içinde gösterilmek üzere birkaç tekrarli okumanin bir ortalamasidir. Tablo 5 ayrica, gözlemlendigi durumda duraksama etkilerini detaylandirmaktadir. The results are shown in Table 5 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings. Table 5 also shows that the observed details the effects of the pause in this situation.
Deterjan Ilave katki CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) katkisi (ppmw) (ppmw) duraksama duraksama duraksama 636 Asetik asit -27 -24 -25 (110) 636 C katkisi -28 -28 (1000) 636 G katkisi -25 -27 -25 (1000) (500) Yine bu veriler; bu bulusa uygun bir ilave katki maddesi kullanildiginda, hem soguk akis katki maddesi hem de bir deterjan katki maddesi içeren bir dizel yakitin soguk akis performansinin iyilestirilebilecegini ve deterjanin görünür zararli etkisine karsi gelebilecegini göstermektedir. Örnek 2 tekrarlanmis ancak Örnek 3'teki ile ayni deterjan katki maddesi kullanilmistir. Mevcut bulusa göre kullanilan ilave katki maddeleri, yukarida tarif edildigi gibi (a) asetik asit ve (b) F ve A yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri olmustur. Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) contribution (ppmw) (ppmw) hesitation pause pause 636 Acetic acid -27 -24 -25 (110) 636 C contribution -28 -28 (one thousand) 636 G contribution -25 -27 -25 (one thousand) (500) Again, these data; When an additional additive according to the present invention is used, both cold flow additive cold flow performance of a diesel fuel containing both a detergent additive and a detergent additive. It shows that it can be improved and can counteract the apparent harmful effects of detergent. Example 2 was repeated but the same detergent additive was used as in Example 3. Available Additional additives used according to the invention are (a) acetic acid and (b) F and A has been lubrication enhancing additives.
Sonuçlar, asagidaki Tablo 6'de gösterilmektedir. Ne deterjan katki maddesi ne de ilave katki maddesi içeren bilesimler için, alintilanan sonuçlar, okumalarin araligi parantez içinde gösterilmek üzere birkaç tekrarli okumanin bir ortalamasidir. The results are shown in Table 6 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.
Deterjan katkisi Ilave katki maddesi CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) 31) 31) 30) 600 O -18 -19 Kis aylarinda elde edilen ticari olarak temin edilebilen F3 ila F5 diger dizel yakitlar, yukaridaki Örnek 1 ila 4'e benzer sekilde test edilmistir. Hepsi, ya soguk akis katki maddeleri içermis ya da herhangi bir deterjan ya da ilave katki maddelerinin ilavesinden önce soguk akis katki maddeleri ile karistirilmistir. Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) 31) 31) 30) 600 O -18 -19 Other commercially available diesel fuels F3 to F5 obtained during winter months are Tested similarly to examples 1 to 4. All either contained cold flow additives or cold flow additives before adding any detergent or additional additives. mixed with.
F3 yakit bilesimi, Örnek 1'de kullanilan ticari olarak temin edilebilen Alman dizel yakitina dayanmis, ancak 200 ppmw MDFI katki maddesi ve 150 ppmw WASA katki maddesi ile karistirilmistir. Soguk akis katki maddelerinin eklenmesinden önceki bulutlanma noktasi -8 °C olmustur. The F3 fuel composition is based on the commercially available German diesel fuel used in Example 1. withstood, but with 200 ppmw MDFI additive and 150 ppmw WASA additive mixed. Cloud point before addition of cold flow additives -8 °C has happened.
F4 yakit bilesimi, 150 ppmw MDFI katki maddesi ve 150 ppmw WASA katki maddesi içeren bir Hollanda yakitidir. Soguk akis katki maddelerinin eklenmesinden önceki bulutlanma noktasi -10 °C olmustur. The F4 fuel composition is a fuel containing 150 ppmw MDFI additive and 150 ppmw WASA additive. It is Dutch fuel. Cloud point before adding cold flow additives -10 It has been °C.
F5 yakit bilesimi, standart soguk akis katki maddeleri (MDFI ve en az içeren bir Alman yakiti olmustur. Soguk akis katki maddelerinin eklenmesinden önceki bulutlanma noktasi -9 °C olmustur. Örnek 1'deki gibi ayni deterjan katki maddesi, standart muamele oraninda (1000 ppmw) kullanilmistir. Karisimlar, mevcut bulusa göre çesitli ilave katki maddeleri ile hazirlanmistir. F5 fuel composition, standard cold flow additives (MDFI and at least It was a German fuel containing Before adding cold flow additives The cloud point was -9 °C. The same detergent additive as in example 1 at standard treatment rate (1000 ppmw) used. Mixtures were prepared with various additional additives according to the present invention.
CFPP sonuçlari, asagidaki Tablo 7'te gösterilmektedir. Ne deterjan katki maddesi ne de ilave katki maddesi içeren F3 bilesimleri için, alintilanan sonuçlar, okumalarin araligi parantez içinde gösterilmek üzere birkaç tekrarli okumanin bir ortalamasidir. CFPP results are shown in Table 7 below. No detergent additives or additives For F3 compositions containing additive, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.
Yakit Deterjan Ilave katki CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) maddesi (ppmw) F3 O 0 -31 (-30 ila - -31 (-) F4 0 0 -21 -27 -20 F5 0 0 -28 -30 Yine, bir yaglanma artirici katki maddesinin dahil edilmesinin, deterjan katki maddesinin soguk akis performansi üzerindeki zararli etkisine karsi geldigi görülmektedir. Fuel Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) substance (ppmw) F3 O 0 -31 (-30 to - -31 (-) F4 0 0 -21 -27 -20 F5 0 0 -28 -30 Again, the inclusion of a lubrication enhancing additive has the effect of preventing the detergent additive from freezing in cold weather. It appears to counteract its detrimental effect on flow performance.
Ornek 1'de baslangiç maddesi olarak kullanilan dizel yakit; (i) Örnek 1'de kullanilan deterjan katki maddesi, (ii) iki soguk akis katki maddesi (bir MDFI ve bir WASA) ve (iii) A yaglanma artirici katki maddesi arasindan seçilen çesitli katki maddeleri ile karistirilmistir. Her bir karisim için CFPP, Örnek 1'deki gibi ölçülmüstür. Diesel fuel used as starting material in Example 1; (i) Detergent used in Example 1 additive, (ii) two cold flow additives (one MDFI and one WASA) and (iii) A lubrication It is mixed with various additives selected from among the enhancing additives. Each mixture CFPP was measured as in Example 1.
CFPP sonuçlari, Tablo 8'te gösterilmektedir. CFPP results are shown in Table 8.
MDFI katkisi WASA katkisi Deterjan A katkisi CFPP CFPP CFPP Tablo 8'in ilk satiri, standart soguk akis katki maddelerinin yakit bilesimine dahil edilmesinin -27 °C civarinda bir CFPP ile sonuçlandigini göstermektedir. Bu katki maddeleri olmadan (Tablo 8'in ikinci satiri), bilesimin CFPP'si -11 °C'ye yükselmektedir. Bir yaglanma artiricinin tek basina veya bir yaglanma artiricinin bir deterjan ile birlikte dahil edilmesi, CFPP'yi çok fazla etkilemiyor gibi görünmektedir. MDFI additive WASA additive Detergent A additive CFPP CFPP CFPP The first row of Table 8 shows that the inclusion of standard cold flow additives in the fuel composition is -27 It shows that it results in a CFPP of around °C. Without these additives (Table 8), the CFPP of the composition increases to -11 °C. A fat booster alone or the inclusion of a lubrication enhancer together with a detergent does not affect the CFPP much It looks like.
Yaglanma artiricinin soguk akis katki maddeleri ile birlikte dahil edilmesinin, sadece soguk akis katki maddesi içeren yakit ile karsilastirildiginda CFPP'yI önemli ölçüde etkiledigi de görünmemektedir. Bu, mevcut bulusun faydali etkilerini elde etmek için (örnek olarak, Ornek 1 ila 5'te görüldügü gibi) mevcut bulusun ilave katki maddesinin yani sira soguk akis ve deterjan katki maddelerinin dahil edilmesi gerektigini önermektedir. Baska bir deyisle, üç katki maddesi arasinda beklenmedik bir sinerji ortaya çikmakta ve tek basina soguk akis ve deterjan katki maddeleri arasindaki zararli etkilesim azaltilmaktadir. The inclusion of the lubricant enhancer with cold flow additives is recommended only for cold flow It also significantly affects CFPP compared to fuel containing additives. It is not visible. This is to achieve the beneficial effects of the present invention (e.g., Example 1 to 5) as well as the additional additive of the present invention, cold flow and detergent suggests that additives should be included. In other words, three additives An unexpected synergy emerges between cold flow and detergent additives alone. Harmful interactions between substances are reduced.
Bu örnek, deterjan ve soguk akis katki maddeleri birlestirildiginde istenmeyen duraksama etkilerini azaltmak için mevcut bulusa göre bir yakit bilesimine bir ilave katki maddesinin dahil edilebilecegini göstermektedir. This example shows undesirable hesitation when combining detergent and cold flow additives. The inclusion of an additional additive in a fuel composition according to the present invention to reduce the effects of shows that it can be done.
Her ikisi de standart soguk akis katki maddeleri (her durumda MDFI ve WASA'nin bir kombinasyonu) içeren F1 ve F4 yakit bilesimleri, deterjan katki maddeleri ve ilave katki maddeleri ile karistirilmis ve önceki örneklerde oldugu gibi CFPP testlerine tabi tutulmustur. Both are standard cold flow additives (in each case a combination of MDFI and WASA F1 and F4 fuel compositions, detergent additives and additional additives containing It was mixed with substances and subjected to CFPP tests as in the previous examples.
Asagidaki Tablo 9, Örnek 1'de kullanilan OCTIMISETiVi D3016 deterjan katki maddesi ile birlestirilmis F1 yakitinin sonuçlarini göstermektedir. Mevcut bulusa uygun olarak kullanilan ilave katki maddeleri, (a) stearik asit ve (b) B ve C yaglanma artirici katki maddeleri olmustur. Table 9 below with the detergent additive OCTIMISETiVi D3016 used in Example 1 shows the results of combined F1 fuel. used in accordance with the present invention The additional additives were (a) stearic acid and (b) lubricity enhancing additives B and C.
Duraksama gözlendiginde, bu, CFPP figürleri ile gösterilmis ve tüm degerler °C cinsinden ifade edilmistir. When a pause is observed, this is shown with CFPP figures and all values are expressed in °C. has been done.
Deterjan Ilave katki CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) katkisi (ppmw) maddesi (ppmw) siddetli duraksama duraksama duraksama Deterjan katki maddesinin dahil edilmesinin, CFPP'de belirgin bir artisa ve kullanilan test kitlerinden birinde siddetli duraksama etkilerine neden oldugu görülmektedir. C katkisinin varliginda, hem -15 hem de -21 °C'den ziyade -21 °C'de sadece hafif duraksama görülmektedir. -15 °C'deki duraksama, stearik asit varliginda da elimine edilmektedir. B katkisinin dahil edilmesi, duraksama etkilerinin tamamen ortadan kalkmasina neden olmaktadir. Dolayisiyla, mevcut bulusun ilave katki maddesi, duraksama etkilerini azaltabilmekte ve bu da CFPP testlerinde daha az sorunlu olmasi muhtemel bir yakita yol açabilmektedir. Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) additive (ppmw) substance (ppmw) severe pause pause pause The inclusion of the detergent additive resulted in a significant increase in CFPP and It appears to cause severe hesitation effects in one of its kits. C contribution In its presence, only a slight pause is observed at -21 °C rather than at both -15 and -21 °C. The hesitation at -15 °C is also eliminated in the presence of stearic acid. Including additive B This causes the pause effects to disappear completely. Therefore, The additive of the present invention can reduce the stalling effects, resulting in CFPP This may lead to a fuel that is likely to be less problematic in testing.
Asagidaki Tablo 10, OCTIMISET'V' D3016 ile birlikte F4 yakitinin sonuçlarini göstermektedir. Table 10 below shows the results of F4 fuel with OCTIMISET'V' D3016.
Mevcut bulusa göre kullanilan ilave katki maddesi. yag asidi bazli B yaglanma artirici katki maddesi olmustur. Duraksama gözlendiginde, bu, CFPP figürleri ile gösterilmis ve tüm degerler Deterjan Ilave katki CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) katkisi (ppmw) fazli duraksama fazli duraksama duraksama duraksama duraksama 1000 B katkisi -20 -20 (150) Burada, deterjan katki maddesinin dahil edilmesi, kullanilan test kitlerinden birinde siddetli duraksama ve diger iki test kitinde hafif duraksama etkilerine yol açmaktadir. Deterjan katki maddesi olmasa bile, yakitin hala hafif duraksamadan mustarip oldugu görünmektedir. B katkisinin dahil edilmesi, duraksama etkilerini tamamen ortadan kaldirmaktadir. Additional additive used according to the present invention. fatty acid based B fat boosting supplement It must have been the article. When a pause was observed, this was shown with CFPP figures and all values were Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) contribution (ppmw) phased pause phased pause pause pause pause 1000 B contribution -20 -20 (150) Here, the inclusion of the detergent additive caused severe It causes hesitation and mild hesitation effects in the other two test kits. detergent additive Even without the substance, the fuel still appears to suffer from slight hesitation. B. The inclusion of the additive completely eliminates the stalling effects.
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EP (1) | EP2007858B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5854581B2 (en) |
AR (1) | AR060484A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2649764C (en) |
RU (1) | RU2443762C2 (en) |
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US20080141579A1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-19 | Rinaldo Caprotti | Fuel Oil Compositions |
AR069052A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-12-23 | Shell Int Research | BLENDS TO USE IN FUEL COMPOSITIONS |
EP2078744A1 (en) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-15 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Fuel compositions |
DE602009000639D1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-03-03 | Infineum Int Ltd | Process for improving oil compositions |
US9109176B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2015-08-18 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Method for making marine bunker fuels |
RU2527918C1 (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2014-09-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "НПО Энергомаш имени академика В.П. Глушко" | Method of increasing energy characteristics of liquid rocket engines |
AU2014314324B2 (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2017-10-19 | Bp Oil International Limited | Methods and uses for controlling deposits on valves in direct-injection spark-ignition engines |
US9057035B1 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-06-16 | Shell Oil Company | Fuel compositions |
MX2016014623A (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2017-03-06 | Shell Int Research | Fuel compositions. |
CN111511881A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2020-08-07 | 埃克森美孚研究工程公司 | Dewaxed diesel fuel composition |
AU2020211556A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-05-27 | Andrey Viacheslavovich ARISTOV | Fuel composition of diesel fuel |
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US4464182A (en) | 1981-03-31 | 1984-08-07 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Glycol ester flow improver additive for distillate fuels |
GB9315205D0 (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1993-09-08 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and fuel compositions |
GB9410820D0 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1994-07-20 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Oil additives and compositions |
GB9411614D0 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-08-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Fuel oil compositions |
GB9502041D0 (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1995-03-22 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and fuel oil compositions |
GB9610363D0 (en) * | 1996-05-17 | 1996-07-24 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Ltd | Fuel additives and compositions |
KR100509082B1 (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2005-08-18 | 인피늄 홀딩스 비.브이. | Fuel oil compositions |
DE10155774B4 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2020-07-02 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Additives for low sulfur mineral oil distillates, comprising an ester of alkoxylated glycerin and a polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersant |
DE102005061465B4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2008-07-31 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Detergent additives containing mineral oils with improved cold flowability |
PL1801187T3 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2016-04-29 | Clariant Produkte Deutschland | Mineral oils containing detergent additives with improved cold flowability |
RU2320707C1 (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-03-27 | Ообщество с ограниченной ответственностью "Уренгойгазпром" | Diesel fuel additive, diesel fuel |
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- 2007-04-16 WO PCT/EP2007/053669 patent/WO2007118869A1/en active Application Filing
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WO2007118869A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
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CA2649764C (en) | 2016-11-08 |
EP2007858B2 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
CA2649764A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
JP2009534492A (en) | 2009-09-24 |
JP5854581B2 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
EP2007858B1 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
RU2008145490A (en) | 2010-05-27 |
US20070240361A1 (en) | 2007-10-18 |
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