TR201909288T4 - Fuel compositions. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of certain types of additives for new purposes in fuel compositions containing distillate fuels.

Description

DESCRIPTION FUEL COMPOSITIONS Explanation The present invention provides new solutions for certain types of additives in fuel compositions containing distillate fuels. It's about using it for different purposes.

Distillate fuels, especially diesel fuel, to increase their performance at low temperatures Including cold flow additives in fuel compositions containing middle distillate fuels such as It is known that. This is especially true in cold climates and/or during colder times of the year. It is made for "winter" fuel compositions intended to be used. Known cold flow additive Ingredients include middle distillate flow improvers and wax anti-settling agents There are.

Additionally, it is used to reduce, remove or slow down the proliferation of engine deposits. It is also common to add detergent additives to fuel compositions. and describes an additive having paraffin dispersion, comprising an alkoxylated polyol. at least one ester and at least one polar nitrogen-containing paraffin dispersant.

EP-A-0885948 discloses an oil comprising an ester of a polycarboxylic acid and a polyhydroxyalcohol. containing a soluble lubricating additive, wherein the acid has from 2 to 50 carbon atoms alcohol contains one or more carbon atoms and ester contains only carbon, hydrogen It describes the use of a co-additive (A) consisting of and oxygen, and the said use; Containing a cold flow improver additive containing a copolymeric ethylene flow improver In a composition containing a low proportion of a component (B) and a large proportion of a fuel oil and is intended to increase the cold flow properties of the composition.

In US-A-6086645, (A) a middle distillate having a sulfur content of 02 wt% or less fuel, (B) a carboxylic acid amide and (C) cold flow improvers, ashless dispersants and their A fuel composition is described herein comprising at least one member selected from mixtures of carboxylic acid amide is combined with a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of oleic acid and inoleic acid. It contains the reaction product of diethanolamine. and (b) an ashless dispersant containing from 2 to 50 carbon atoms A fuel oil containing a small amount of an additive composition containing monocarboxylic acid describes its composition.

However, the effects of cold flow additives may be reduced in a fuel containing a distillate fuel. may be adversely affected by the inclusion of detergent additives in its composition. has been found. A detergent additive consists (at least in part) of a cold flow additive. The combination of the two can neutralize fuel that does not contain detergent additives. When compared to its composition, it may cause deterioration of cold flow performance.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome or minimize the above-mentioned problems. Fuel compositions containing distillate fuels and/or such compositions that can at least alleviate To provide additives for use.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a distillate fuel as defined in claim 1 is a detergent detergent additive in a fuel composition containing the additive and a cold flow additive In order to reduce the effect of the compound on the cold flow performance of the The use of an additional additive selected from the following is provided: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids consist of carboxylic acids is chosen; And (b) lubrication selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides enhancing additives.

A second aspect of the present invention; A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, as defined in claim 2 In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow of the composition In order to improve its performance, an additional contribution is also made as defined above. It enables the use of the substance.

A third aspect of the present invention; A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, as defined in claim 3 In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow of the composition detergent additive without affecting its performance or cold flow performance. with lower degradation than otherwise caused by increasing concentration of In order to increase the detergent additive concentration in the composition, the above mentioned It enables the use of an additional additive as defined.

In the context of this third aspect of the present invention, the term "increase" any degree of increase, for example 1% or more of the original detergent additive concentration, preferably 2% or 5 or 10 or 20 or more. Increase, intended use to obtain the features and performance needed and/or desired in the context of with the concentration of detergent additive to be included in the fuel composition can be compared. This can be done, for example, before adding an additional additive. fuel before it was realized that an additional additive could be used as provided present in its composition and/or intended for use (e.g. marketed) in a similar context concentration of detergent additive found in another similar fuel composition It may happen.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a method for formulating a fuel composition The method is provided and this method; (i) A distillate base fuel as defined in claim 4, a detergent additive and a cold flow additive and optionally with other ingredients mixing, (ii) measuring the cold flow performance of the resulting mixture and (iii) as defined, an addition in an amount sufficient to improve the cold flow performance of the mixture. It includes the addition of additives. This method also; base fuel and cold flow additive to measure the cold flow performance of the detergent additive. As a result, we aim to measure the change in cold flow performance and determine the base temperature of the detergent additive. any effect on the cold flow performance of the fuel/cold flow additive mixture. added in an amount sufficient to at least partially and preferably completely offset its harmful effect. may include the inclusion of an additive.

A fifth aspect of the present invention; As defined in claim 7, a distillate fuel, a detergent additive In a fuel composition containing a substance and a cold flow additive, the cold flow in the composition In order to reduce the amount of additive, an additional additive as defined above is also required. It enables the use of the substance. The additional additive is the cold solution of the detergent additive. to at least partially counteract any detrimental effects on flow performance. cold flow performance in the total composition to a desired target level. potentially requiring the use of low levels of cold flow additive to achieve It allows.

In the context of this fifth aspect of the present invention, the term "reduce" any degree of decline, i.e. the original cold flow additive, although not properly reduced to zero 1% or more of the concentration, preferably 2 or 5 or 10 or 20% or more It covers more. needed and/or desired in the context of its intended use. to be otherwise incorporated into the fuel composition to achieve the desired properties and performance. It can be compared to the cold flow additive concentration. This, for example, is available from the realization that an additional additive can be used as provided by the invention existing in the fuel composition and/or a similar one before adding an additional additive. contained in another similar fuel composition intended (e.g. marketed) for use in the context may be the cold flow additive concentration. For example, there is a diesel fuel composition designed for use in an automotive engine. where the composition is available, especially in cold climates or seasons to meet the specifications and/or to maintain engine performance and/or to A certain cold flow performance may be required to meet the demand. existing invention Accordingly, such standards should reduce the adverse effects of any existing detergent additives. achievable even with low levels of cold flow additive due to additional additive can be done.

In the following description, the term "distillate fuel composition"; a distillate fuel, typically a middle distillate It is used to refer to a fuel composition containing fuel. Such a combination; 0.1% by volume or more, suitably 1 or 2 or 5 or more vol%, preferably It may contain 95 or more of a distillate fuel, the distillate fuel being in any case preferably a Middle distillate is fuel. The distillate fuel itself may contain two or more fuel components. Most Very preferably, a fuel composition prepared in accordance with the present invention generally consists of a middle distillate. It is fuel.

Middle distillate fuel compositions using the present invention; e.g. heating oils, industrial gas oils, automotive diesel fuels, distillate marine fuels or aviation fuels or heating It may contain kerosene fuels such as kerosene. Typically, the composition of an automotive diesel fuel or it will be a heating oil. Preferably, the fuel composition to which the present invention is applied is internally for use in a combustion engine; more preferably an automotive fuel composition, but more very preferably one suitable for use in an automotive diesel (compression ignition) engine. diesel fuel composition.

Fuel composition, especially for use in cold climates and/or colder seasons can be adapted and/or intended for use (e.g. as "winter fuel" can be named).

In the context of the present invention, a distillate fuel composition typically consists of a predominantly distillate It shall contain or consist substantially or entirely of hydrocarbon base fuel. One 95 or more, most preferably 98 or 99 or 99.5 vol% or more It means too much.

Such a base fuel may be, in particular, a middle distillate base fuel, especially a diesel base fuel, and in this case itself, the middle distillate fuel components (typically the distillation of crude oil or components obtained by vacuum distillation) or together forming a middle distillate mixture The fuel may contain a mixture of components. Middle distillate fuel components or mixtures, will have boiling points.

A diesel fuel may be an automotive kerosene (AGO). A diesel base used in this invention The fuel preferably has a sulfur content of not more than 2000 ppmw (parts per million by weight). will have. More preferably, it has a low or very low sulfur content, e.g. not more than 500 ppmw will have sulfur.

Typical diesel fuel components include liquid hydrocarbon middle distillate fuel oils, such as petroleum-derived gas Contains oils. Such base fuel components can be either organic or synthetic. can be derived. These typically belong to ordinary diesels, depending on their type and use. They will have the number (ASTM D613). Initial boiling points are suitably 150 to 230 °C between and final boiling points Their kinematic viscosity can suitably be between 1.5 and 4.5 mm2/s (centistokes).

However, a fuel composition for use according to the present invention may contain fuels outside these ranges. components because the properties of an overall mixture are different from those of the individual components. Their characteristics may often differ significantly.

These types of fuels are internally fueled by a compression ignition (diesel) type of indirect or direct injection. Generally suitable for use in a combustion engine.

A diesel fuel composition resulting from carrying out the present invention preferably also conforms to this general principle. will remain within specifications. Appropriately, e.g. EN or ASTM It will comply with current standard specifications such as D-. For example, ultimate boiling point (ASTM D86), a cetane number of 51 or greater (ASTM D-613), 2 to 40 °C; 350ppmw or a lower sulfur content (ASTM D2622) and/or a total of less than 11% by mass It may have aromatic content (IP 391 (mode)). However, the relevant specifications It may vary from country to country and from year to year and the fuel composition may vary depending on the intended may depend on usage.

Kerosene, a petroleum derivative, is produced from the refining and optional processing of a crude oil source. It can be obtained by processing (hydro). from such a refinery process or in a refinery process A single gas obtained through different processing routes of several gas oil fractions obtained There may be oil flow. Examples of such kerosene fractions are; a direct distillate kerosene, vacuum gas oil, gas oil obtained in a thermal cracking process, a liquid catalytic cracking light and heavy cycle oils obtained in the unit and a hydrocracking unit. In its form, it is kerosene. Optionally, a petroleum-derived kerosene, some petroleum-derived kerosene may contain the fraction.

Such gas oils make their sulfur content suitable for inclusion in a diesel fuel composition. They can be processed in a hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit to reduce the

In the methods of the present invention, a vegetable oil or a vegetable oil derivative (e.g. a fatty acid) is used. ester, especially a fatty acid methyl ester) or another oxygenate such as an acid, ketone or ester. may be or contain a so-called "biodiesel" fuel component such as. Like this The ingredients do not necessarily have to be bioderived.

A base fuel, a Fischer-Tropsch derived fuel component, especially a Fischer-Tropsch derived It may be or contain kerosene. Such fuels are known and diesel fuel It is used in compositions. These are the synthesis of the Fischer-Tropsch condensation reaction. products, such as Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (Gas to Gas) operating in Bintulu, Malaysia commercially used gas oil obtained from the liquid) process or is being prepared.

In general, other products of gas-to-liquid processes include a fuel prepared according to the present invention. It may be suitable for inclusion in the composition. Liquid fuel can be produced using such processes. Among the gases converted into their components; natural gas (methane), LPG (e.g. propane or butane), "condensates" such as ethane, syngas (CO/hydrogen) and carbon dioxide from coal, biomass and other Gas products derived from hydrocarbons may be found.

Detergent additive in the fuel composition; polyolefin substituted succinimides or polyamines succinamides, such as polyisobutylene succinimides or polyisobutylene amine succinamides, aliphatic amines, Mannich bases or amines and polyolefin (e.g. polyisobutylene) maleic are selected from anhydrites. Succinimide dispersant additives; e.g. GB-A-960493, EP-A- is done. Particularly preferred are polyolefin substituted molecules such as polyisobutylene succinimides. succinimides. It may be present in an active ingredient concentration in the range of 100 to 300 ppmw.

The cold flow additive in the fuel composition can be a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), or more typically a mixture thereof. Available In the context of the invention, a cold flow additive, particularly a wax anti-settling agent may be or at least contain.

Vinyl ester-containing compounds, especially polymers, such as MDFIs, vinyl acetate-containing compounds may contain. alkenes (e.g. ethylene, propylene or styrene, more typically ethylene) and copolymers of unsaturated esters (e.g. vinyl carboxylates, typically vinyl acetate), It is known to be used as MDFIs, for example.

Other known cold flow additives (also called cold flow enhancers); comb polymers (with multiple hydrocarbyl group-containing branches hanging from a polymer backbone) polar nitrogen compounds, including amides, amines and amine salts, It contains hydrocarbon polymers and linear polyoxyalkylenes. Such compounds Other examples of compounds that can also be used as cold flow additives include WO-A- There are those described in 95/23200. Among these; On pages 4 to 7 defined comb polymers, especially copolymers of vinyl acetate and alkyl-fumarate esters formed; alcohol alkoxylates (e.g. ethoxylates, propoxylates or butoxylates) and other esters and linear oxygen-containing compounds, including ethers, on pages 8 to 19. additional low temperature flow improvers disclosed; unsaturated such as vinyl acetate or vinyl hexanoate ethylene copolymers of esters; phthalic acid amide or hydrogenated amines (especially polar nitrogen-containing materials such as hydrogenated fatty acid amines); hydrocarbon polymers (especially propylene or other alpha-olefin ethylene copolymers such as styrene); long chain amines, sulfur carboxy compounds such as amine sulfones or sulfonate salts of amine carboxamides; And There are hydrocarbylized aromatics.

Ideally, compounds used as cold flow dopant will have idle protons or will be associated with them.

Particularly preferred cold flow additives for use in the present invention are preferably Those that contain nitrogen atoms in association with protons. Suitable compounds include; amines, amine salts and amides, especially amines and their salts, especially protonated amines. is taking. Suitably, at least one such compound is present in a compound prepared according to the present invention. It is present in the fuel composition.

Cold flow additives; to increase their performance at lower temperatures and thus to increase the low-temperature operability of systems (typically vehicles) operating with compounds Traditionally, middle distillate fuel compositions such as diesel fuel compositions are included.

The cold flow additive (active ingredient) in a fuel composition prepared according to the present invention It can be up to 300 ppmw. Concentration (active ingredient); suitably at least 20 ppmw will preferably be at least 30 or 50 ppmw, more preferably at least 100 ppmw.

When applying the present invention, cold flow additive and detergent additive; Typically, each cold flow performance of the composition when two additives are present, cold flow additive alone worse than it would be if the substance was present (at the same concentration).

In such cases, the present invention eliminates the harmful effects between cold flow and detergent additives. It can provide a beneficial effect in counteracting the interaction.

Cold flow performance of a fuel composition, preferably according to IP 309 standard test method or similar appropriately by measuring the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) using a technique can be evaluated. The CFPP of a fuel is when wax in the fuel flows through a filter screen. It indicates temperatures that will cause serious restrictions and at lower temperatures vehicles It may be related to its operability. A reduction in CFPP, other things being equal, cold flow will correspond to an improvement in performance. Improved cold flow properties of a fuel It increases the range of climatic conditions or seasons in which it can be used efficiently.

Cold flow performance; for example using the Aral short sediment test (EN 23015) and/or a low temperature of a diesel engine, vehicle or other system operating on fuel composition It can be calculated in another appropriate way by evaluating its performance. In this way The temperature at which performance is measured depends on the climate in which the fuel composition is intended to be used. For example, in Greece "low temperature performance" can be evaluated at -5 °C, In Finland it may be necessary to evaluate low temperature performance at -30 °C, in hotter countries where fuels are generally used at higher ambient temperatures may need to be evaluated. In general, an improvement in cold flow performance The minimum temperature at which a system operating with a fuel composition can operate must meet a certain standard. may occur with a decrease in

An improvement in cold flow performance is greater than the CFPP rating of a fuel in a CFPP test. The so-called "stall" effects that can occur at high temperatures are ideally can be reduced by suppression. "Pause" is higher in the CFPP test filter than in the CFPP occurring at a certain temperature can be understood as at least a partial obstruction. Such a obstacle, 60 on a CFPP machine modified to allow such measurements. It will occur with an increased filtering time, albeit at a sub-second level. Enough If severe, hesitation may result in premature termination of the test and a higher temperature of the CFPP value. so that the pause is sufficiently large that When it occurs, it is not considered a pause, just a higher CFPP. is done. References to CFPP values in this specification generally refer to such hesitation. including values that take into account the effects (i.e. arising as a result) of can be purchased.

A reduction in stall effects, CFPP of the fuel composition without additional additives By completely eliminating any hesitation effect that would be observed while measuring and/or with a decrease in the severity of the effect of such a pause (e.g. a severe pause, not only becomes a slight pause) and/or the temperature at which such a pause effect occurs It may occur by lowering the Stagnation effects include an increase in recorded value. variability in the measured CFPP of a fuel composition in vigorous testing machines that trigger Such a reduction may be beneficial because the CFPP of the composition is more can provide reliable and accurate measurement of the composition, therefore, the industry or be more easily adapted to meet specifications such as regulatory standards and allows it to be proven.

References to "detrimental effect" on cold flow performance shall be made in accordance with the above. understandable. Such an effect; typically due to an increase in the CFPP of the fuel composition and/or When measuring the CFPP of the compound, there may be an increase in stalling effects and/or a engine or vehicle or other system, particularly as described above, It corresponds to lower performance at higher temperatures.

In the context of the first aspect of the present invention, the cold flow performance of the detergent additive The "reduction" of the effect of the detergent additive on the cold flow of the fuel composition in its impact on performance (as typically manifested, for example, by an increased CFPP includes any degree of reduction in a harmful effect). This is due to the composition (cold flow contribution) included) cold flow performance both before and after adding the detergent additive. It can then be evaluated by measuring. Therefore, the detergent effect of the cold flow additive disabled by the additive and/or any other part of the fuel composition. Additional additives can be added to reduce shedding. Ideally, detergent The effect of the additive on the cold flow performance is completely canceled by the additional additive. to be determined, in other words, the cold flow performance of the final composition, the cold flow additive will not be worse than that of a composition with a detergent but without detergent additives, and some It might be better in some cases.

In the context of the second and fourth aspects of the present invention, cold flow of the fuel composition "improving" the performance of the composition before additional additives are added. Comparatively, it covers any degree of development. For example, this; a desired goal, For example, to achieve a desired target CFPP value of the composition through additional additive This may include adjusting cold flow performance.

Using this invention, the CFPP of the composition is reduced to its value before the addition of the additive. at least 1 °C, preferably at least 2 °C, more preferably at least 3 °C and most preferably at least 4 °C compared to or 5 or sometimes 6 or 7 or 8 °C.

Using the present invention, the CFPP of the composition prior to the addition of the additive at least 0.3% (expressed in degrees Kelvin), more preferably at least 0.5% of the and most preferably at least 1 or 1.5 or 2 or even 3 or 4% of can be reduced.

A fuel composition prepared according to the present invention; -5 °C or lower, preferably -10 or -15 It may have a CFPP of °C or lower. In a preferred embodiment, -20 °C or lower, preferably with a CFPP of -25 or -28 or -30 °C or lower It may happen.

In accordance with the present invention, the "additional additive" used in the distillate fuel composition means: (a) acids and mixtures thereof; and (b) lubrication enhancing additives. One The lubrication enhancing additive (b) may contain one or more acids; Therefore, a An additional additive that is a carboxylic acid and more specifically a fatty acid, a lubricant as a component of another fuel additive, such as a boosting additive can be used.

Acid (a) is selected from carboxylic acids and therefore contains a -CO2H or -CO2-H+ group. It can be any organic acid. Aliphatic (either saturated or at least partially unsaturated and optionally including cyclic moieties) or aromatic, straight or branched chain It may happen. For example, between 1 and 30 carbon atoms, preferably between 1 and 20 may contain. It can be substituted with other groups besides the acid group; for example, Iact or It can be a hydroxy acid such as glycolic acid or a carbonyl substituted acid such as levulinic acid.

An unsaturated acid such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, or a substance such as an oligomer or polymer. It can be a derivative.

Especially preferred for use in this invention are carboxylic acids, fatty acids and their are mixtures. These types of fatty acids are saturated or unsaturated (including polyunsaturated). It may happen. For example, 1 or 2 to 30 carbon atoms, suitably 10 to 22 carbon atoms, Preferably they may contain 18 carbon atoms. Examples include; oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, aminolic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid and myristic acid. Of these, oleik Dimers or oligomers of fatty acids are also used as additional additives (a) can be used.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the additional additive (a) is derived from grain oil and contains little grain oil containing mostly fatty acids (such as oleic and inoleic) along with large amounts of rosin acids. It is an acid. TaII oil fatty acid is already used as a lubrication enhancing additive.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the additional additive (a) is acetic acid. additional contribution other C1 to Cm or C1 to C8 or C1 to C5 or C1 to C4 carboxylic acids as can also be used. For example, two or more, preferably three or more, suitably four or more A mixture containing carboxylic acid (ideally fatty acids) is preferred for use in this invention. can be done. Such acids; For example, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, stearic and palmitic acids can be selected. A particularly preferred mixture; 25 to 85% by weight (suitably 35% by weight) 1 to 30% by weight (suitably 2 to 20 or 5 to 15% by weight) or between 5 and 10) stearic acid and/or between 1 and 30% by weight (as appropriate It may contain 2 to 20 or 5 to 15 or 5 to 10% palmitic acid by weight. Such a mixture; preferably at least oleic and linoleic acid, more preferably at least oleic, linoleic and Another preferred carboxylic acid for use in the present invention is; In particular WO-A-98/01516 and at least one attached to the aromatic core as described in lines 4 to 18 on page 8 It is an aromatic compound with a carboxyl group. Such aromatic acids, naphthalene and other It may contain benzoic acids as well as diaromatic or polyaromatic acids. Preferably one or substituted with more alkyl and/or alkoxy groups. Suitably, the acid is (R)n- CGHW) is an alkyl substituted salicylic acid having the formula (OH)COgH; where each R is straight and branched chain, optionally 6 to 30, preferably 8 to 22, more preferably 8 to 18 independently of substituted (but preferably unsubstituted) alkyl groups having a carbon atom is selected and n is an integer between 1 and 4, preferably 1. Additional additive (a), Of course, there may be a mixture of two or more such alkyl substituted aromatic acids.

A lubricity enhancing additive (b) is a lubricant-promoting additive used in an engine or other fuel-consuming which can increase the lubricating ability of a distillate fuel composition when used in the system and/or Any additive that can produce anti-wear effects. The use of such additives in diesel Although distillate is known to be included in fuel compositions such as fuels, it has previously been of a detergent additive that impairs flow performance, especially cold flow performance. It has not been noticed before that they may affect their presence.

Lubricity enhancing additive, typically listed above as active ingredient(s) one or more carboxylic acids, especially fatty acids and/or alkylsalicylic acids, such as those defined acids, carboxylic acid esters, especially those derived from fatty acids as described above may contain. Ester functional oligomers or polymers (e.g. olefin oligomers) are also can be used. Such esters can be monoalcohol esters such as methyl esters or more Suitably they may be polyol esters such as glycerol esters. Most preferred; a fat mono-, di- or tri-glyceride of the acid or two or more of these species in a suitable combination It is a mixture.

The lubrication enhancing additive may contain fatty acid amides, the preferred oil being acids, as described above, mono- or especially di-, such as diethanolamine Alkanolamines can be fatty acid amides.

Among the suitable lubrication enhancing additives available on the market; fatty acid based R650 (ex. lnfineum), fatty acid ester-based R655 (ex. lnfineum) and amide-based HitecT'V' 4848A (ex. Afton) There are.

Other fat boosters are described, such as: - Danping Wei and H.A. Article by Spikes, "Lubration of Diesel Fuels", Wear, II (1986) 217- - WO-A-95/33805 (see above) - cold to improve lubrication of low sulfur fuels flow enhancers; - WO-A-94/17160 - fuel additive for wear reduction in a diesel engine injection system A carboxylic acid and an alcohol as substances, the acid having 2 to 50 carbon atoms and certain esters in which the alcohol has 1 or more carbon atoms, especially glycerol monooleate and di-isodecyl adipate; And - US-A-5490864 - as anti-wear lubricating additives for low sulfur diesel fuels certain dithiophosphoric diester-dialcohols.

Preferably, a lubricity enhancing additive (b), such as one or more as defined above contains more fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives (especially esters and/or amides).

More preferably, it contains one or more fatty acids. This is commercially available Examples of such additives include Infineum's R650 and Lubrizol's Lz 539 series' products. There are.

A lubrication enhancing additive (b), in addition to the key lubricating active(s) for example a water repellent and/or an anti-rust agent, as well as a conventional solvent It may also contain other ingredients such as solvents and/or excipients. Alternative Alternatively, the additional additive (b) may contain a lubrication enhancing active or additive of the type described above. It may consist largely or even entirely of the mixture.

In accordance with the present invention, more than one additional additive can be used in the fuel composition. can be used. It is not a compound of the type described as a flow enhancer and is not an oil-promoting additive. It may be appropriate to use substance (b) as an additional additive in this invention.

A polymer and/or an amine salt and/or in some cases a non-amide and a lubricant The enhancing additive (b) is suitable to be used as an additional additive in this invention. It may happen.

According to the present invention, the additional additive; any suitable distillate fuel composition. or in some cases it may be used at a concentration of up to 200 ppmw.

Concentration; at least 1 ppmw, preferably at least 5 or 10 ppmw, preferably at least 50 or 100 It can be ppmw. The concentration used, the detergent and cold flow additive in the composition depending on the concentrations of the substances and its desired cold flow performance. It may happen. In some cases, the concentration of the additional additive may be an acidity equivalent to using oleic acid at a concentration within defined ranges It may be appropriate to have it in a way that gives

An additional additive, which is a lubrication enhancing additive, is used in accordance with the present invention. at a different (e.g. higher) concentration in the fuel composition than at the standard processing rate can be used. Therefore, a lubrication enhancing additive according to the present invention should only be used if it is included in the composition for its fat-boosting properties. inclusion in a concentration other than that required or desired or normal. may contain. Use; of the additive to the total fuel composition (e.g. required to provide adequate lubricating properties (taking into account other additives) or is included in a higher concentration than is desired or normal. may contain. In particular, the use of a lubrication enhancing additive according to the present invention already provides sufficient having lubrication (typically already containing one or more lubrication enhancing additives) (due to its availability) being incorporated into a fuel composition.

In the context of the present invention, "use" of an additive in a fuel composition means composition, typically a mixture with one or more other fuel components (i.e., a physical means to be included as a mixture). An additive to be operated with the composition Before introducing the composition into an internal combustion engine or other system with will be included as follows. Instead or in addition to the use of an additive; a fuel consuming system, typically with a fuel composition containing the additive of a diesel engine It may involve starting an engine by introducing the composition into a combustion chamber.

"Use" of an additive in the ways described above; first step of the present invention fifth, to achieve the goal(s) of any of its aspects, such as a desired to achieve a cold flow performance level (e.g. a desired target CFPP value) and/or a distillate fuel to reduce the cold flow additive concentration in the composition. supply of such an additive together with instructions for its use in the composition may also include. The additive itself; for use as a fuel additive and/or as a component of a formulation suitable for its intended use. In this case, the additional additive has a significant impact on the cold flow performance of a distillate fuel composition. It can be included in such a formulation to influence its effects.

Therefore, the additive additive, like a detergent additive itself, for example, has one or more included in an additive formulation or package along with many other fuel additives can be done.

In accordance with the present invention, the distillate fuel composition, especially when it is a diesel fuel composition, detergent and cold flow additives and other ingredients in addition to the additive may contain. Such components will typically be found in fuel additives. Examples They are: fat boosters; water repellents, e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers; antifoam agents (e.g. polyether-modified polysiloxanes); ignition builders (cetane builders) (e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN), cyclohexyl nitrate, di-tert-b'i'hyl polyhydric alcohol esters of the acid derivative having at least one of the alpha-carbon atoms having an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing up to 500 carbon atoms succinic acid derivative, e.g. pentaerythritol diester of succinic acid substituted with polyisobutylene); corrosion inhibitors; odorants; anti-wear additives; anti-oxidants (e.g. 2,6-di-tert- phenolics such as butylphenol or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-phenylenediamine); Metal deactivators; static dissipative additives and combustion improvers. Such components, for example a It can be combined with other additives such as detergent additives.

A distillate fuel composition, for example, can be used particularly if the fuel composition is low (e.g. 500 ppmw or When it has a lower (lower) sulfur content, it may contain a lubrication enhancer. A lubrication It is used at a concentration between 50 and 500 ppmw.

Suitable examples of lubrication enhancers include in conjunction with the additional additive (b). those described above are included.

The fuel composition must contain an antifoam agent, more preferably an anticorrosive agent and/or in combination with a corrosion inhibitor and/or a lubrication enhancing additive It may be preferred to contain an anti-foam agent.

Unless otherwise stated, the concentration of each such additional component in the fuel composition; to 300 ppmw, for example between 0.1 and 150 ppmw. (In this description All additive concentrations given are active ingredient by mass unless otherwise stated. refers to concentrations.) The concentration of any water scavengers in the fuel composition; preferably 0.1 ppmw to 20 ppmw, more preferably 1 to 15 ppmw, still more preferably 1 to 10 ppmw, advantageously 1 to 5 It will be between. Concentration of any ignition enhancer present; preferably 2600 It will be between ppmw. If desired, one or more additive components such as those listed above; an additive It can be mixed preferably with appropriate diluent(s) in the concentrate and The additive concentration is then adjusted to an appropriate amount in the fuel composition. can be distributed.

A distillate fuel additive, e.g. Optionally, other as explained above a detergent and a diluent compatible with distillate fuel, for example a diesel fuel, together with the ingredients in case of toluene, xylene, white spirit and "SHELLSOL" by Shell companies. a non-polar hydrocarbon solvent such as those sold under the trade name and/or an ester polar solvent, especially an alcohol, e.g. hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, decanol, isotridecanol and alcohol The mixtures may most preferably contain 2-ethylhexanol. Additional additive according to the present invention Accordingly, such an additive can be included in the formulation. It may be below ppmw.

Additives can be added at various stages during the production of a fuel composition; Added at the refinery; e.g. antistatic agents, pipeline friction reducers, flow enhancers, lubricant enhancers, antioxidants and anti-wax agents can be selected. In carrying out the present invention, a base fuel already contains such refinery additives. may contain substances. Other additives downstream from the refinery can be added.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a distillate base fuel, a detergent additive, a A fuel containing a cold flow additive and another additive selected from the following: The composition is provided: (a) acids, especially carboxylic acids and mixtures thereof; And (b) lubrication enhancing additives.

The additive additive is described above in connection with the first through fifth aspects of the present invention. It may be as defined. In particular, a carboxylic acid, such as a C1 to acetic acid Cm can be carboxylic acid. Again, the distillate base fuel is preferably a middle distillate base fuel.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a fuel such as a composition according to the sixth aspect A process is provided for the preparation of a distillate (typical middle distillate) of the base fuel with a detergent additive, a cold flow additive and It involves mixing it with an additional additive as defined above. To mix up, Ideally, in connection with the first to fifth aspects of the present invention, especially One or more of the objectives declared in relation to the cold flow properties of the fuel composition It is carried out for more.

Process, for example a process to control the blending of a fuel composition in a refinery It can be a part of the work or can be realized using a system. This kind of The system typically; mixing each of the relevant additives and a distillate base fuel. a means to introduce the volumetric flow rates of additives and base fuel into the chamber. The flow control tool is used to control the system independently by a user. required to achieve the desired target cold flow specification (e.g. a desired target CFPP) input, A tool for calculating the proportions of each of the ingredients and mixing of the ingredients To obtain the desired additive ratios in the product composition by changing the flow rates into the chamber to direct the results of this calculation to the flow control device which can be operated to Includes vehicle.

To calculate the required ratios, this type of process or system; in an appropriate manner, the known cold flow properties for the base fuel and, accordingly, the varying additives involved. A model that predicts the cold flow properties of fuel compositions containing ratios and/or will use identifying data. The process or system is then, for example, in accordance with the present invention. As a rule, it is only necessary when cold flow additive and detergent additive are present. You can choose a cold flow additive concentration that is lower than it should be and It can be created.

The present invention thus; Preferably, the relative composition of the additives and the base fuel providing real-time control over rates, e.g. relative flow to components Optimize the formulation of a distillate fuel composition by controlling rates or flow times It can be conveniently used to at least partially automate.

A fuel composition in accordance with the sixth aspect of the present invention and/or the first to fifth aspects involving the introduction into the system of a fuel composition prepared in accordance with any of the A method for operating a fuel consuming system is provided. Again, fuel composition preferably as described above in connection with the first through fifth aspects of the present invention. It is used for one or more of the purposes. Therefore, the system is low preferably with the fuel composition of the present invention in order to increase the temperature performance. is being operated.

The system, in particular, is driven by an internal combustion engine and/or an internal combustion engine. may be a vehicle, in which case the method involves introducing the relevant fuel composition into a combustion chamber of the engine. It includes giving. The engine is preferably a compression ignition (diesel) engine. Such a diesel engine; direct injection type, such as rotary pump, inline pump, unit pump, The electronic unit can be injector or general rail type or indirect injection type.

It can be a heavy or light duty diesel engine.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the words "comprising" and "comprising" and, e.g. comes and excludes other parts, additives, elements, integers or steps. It does not aim.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, singular, unless the scope otherwise requires. It also includes the plural. In particular, where the indefinite article is used, the definition It should be understood that it is considered as singularity as well as plurality unless it requires something else.

Preferred features of the second and subsequent aspects of the present invention are, in other respects It may be as described in connection with any of them.

Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following examples. In general, available The invention has the features disclosed in this specification (including the attached claims and drawings). includes any new or any new combination. Therefore, this finding properties, integers, described in connection with a particular aspect, configuration, or instance characteristics, compounds, chemical moieties or groups; Unless it's incompatible here applicable to any other aspect, embodiment or example disclosed herein. must be understood.

Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, any features described herein are intended for the same or similar purpose. It can be replaced with an alternative feature that serves

The following examples illustrate the properties and performance of fuel compositions prepared according to the present invention. shows and the cold flow performance of diesel fuel compositions of various additives. evaluates its effects on

A number of commercially available diesel fuels, some of which already contain cold flow additives samples were taken. For others, cold flow additives are available from the additive supplier. mixed into fuels according to instructions (typically at 45 to 65 °C, followed by ca. (cooling to an ambient temperature of °C) - in these cases cold flow additives one typically contained both an MDFI and a WASA at a concentration of 150 to 200 ppmw.

Other additives are introduced into the fuels either while they are still hot or at ambient temperature, depending on the suitability. It was mixed at temperature.

Cold flow performance, a 5GS CFPP testing machine (ex. ISL) and key aspects ”3 309 cold testing for fuel/additive mixtures using a method similar to the standard test method. filter plugging points (CFPPs) were measured and evaluated.

The following lubrication enhancing additives have been used: Supplement A is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of tall oil fatty acids. article; The B adduct mainly contains a mixture of fatty acids Cm to C2: (mainly C16 to O18). a commercially available additive containing; C contribution D contribution E contribution F contribution G contribution glycerol esters of linoleic acid, mainly glycerol mono(linoleate), glycerol A mixture of di(linoleate) and glycerol tri(linoleatin) in a ratio of approximately 4:4:1 a commercially available ester-based additive containing; Tall oil is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of fatty acids. article; Tall oil is a commercially available supplement containing a mixture of fatty acids. article; an additive containing alkylsalicylic acid; And Tall fatty acid of diethanolamine, with the general formula R-C(O)-N(CHgCH2OH)2 It is a commercially available amide-based additive containing amides.

A commercially available diesel fuel composition obtained from Germany, EN for Germany Standard cold flow to obtain a fuel composition falling within the 590:99 winter diesel specification additives ( then with a detergent additive and additional additives in accordance with the present invention. mixed. The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of each mixture is as described above. has been measured. Some measurements were performed two or three times using different test kits; each CFPP measurements for the mixture are named #1, #2, and #3.

Fuel composition (before addition of cold flow additives) is in Table 1 below It has the specification shown.

Fuel property Test method Cloud point (°C) IP 219 -8 CFPP (°C) IP 309 -11 (pause Kinematic viscosity @ 40 °C (mm2/s) (centistokes) 'P 71 3284 Distillation (°C): IP 123 Aromatics (%k) IP 391 Di 3,4 Total 24.1 Total sulfur (mg/kg) âggyz < 5 The detergent additive used in the experiments was polyisobutene succinimide of a polyamine (a other fuel including detergent active) and a water repellant with a silicone antifoam agent OCTIMISET'V' D3016 (ex. Octel) containing small amounts of additives. Nominal The treatment rate was 1000 ppmw.

Other additives used according to the present invention are commercially available as described above. A, B and C are the fat-increasing additives that can be used.

The results are shown in Table 2 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings. Table 2 also shows that the observed details the effects of pause in the situation; these are the CFPP readings may assist in interpretation.

Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) substance (ppmw) (°C) severe pause pause pause pause pause Table 2 shows the CFPP of fuel composition F1 (with cold flow additives) at -25 to -26 °C It shows that it is around. Adding detergent additive, cold flow additive in a way that shows the harmful interaction between the ingredients and the subsequently added detergent, It causes a significant increase in CFPP.

However, the addition of lubrication enhancing additives, in accordance with the present invention, It leads to a surprising decrease in CFPP, thus preventing the negative effects of the detergent additive. It comes against. Severe hesitation in CFPP #1 reading for detergent only is also reduced and, in most cases, eliminated after the addition of the additional additive. remains.

Two of the additives were tested at different treatment rates (additive A at both 500 and 300 ppmw). and B additive at both 500 and 150 ppmw) are shown to be effective.

A second commercially available diesel fuel composition (F2) (ex. Shell) is obtained from Germany has been done. This is the standard cold flow additives (80 to 120 ppmw from MDFI R252 and WASA Contains 150 ppmw of R474 (both ex. Infineum)). F2 is a detergent according to the present invention. additive (OCTIMISETM D3016) and mixed with additional additives. Each mixture CFPP was measured as in Example 1.

F2 fuel composition (already containing cold flow additives) shown in Table 3 below Fuel property Test method Cloud point (°C) IP 219 -11 Kinematic viscosity @ 40 (mm2/s) (centistoke) Distillation (°C): IP 123 Aromatics (%k) IP 391 Di 5.6 Total 31.6 Total sulfur (mg/kg) ASTM D2622 11 Additional additives used; (a) acetic acid, (b) A, B, D and E as described above lubrication enhancing additives and (c) oleic acid (55% by weight), Iinoleic acid (19% by weight), It was a mixture of fatty acids.

CFPP results are shown in Table 4 below. No detergent additives or additives For compositions containing additives, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.

Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 CFPP #2 CFPP #3 -31) -31) -30) 1000 0 -20 -19 Table 4 shows that the CFPP of fuel composition F2 is around -30 °C. Detergent addition of the additive, followed by the cold flow additives in F2 a significant decrease in CFPP to -20 °C, indicating detrimental interaction between detergent and detergent. causes an increase.

However, the addition of additional additives according to the present invention causes decreases in CFPP. Thus, it at least partially counteracts the negative effects of the detergent additive. is coming. In some cases, the effect of the detergent on the cold flow performance may be affected by additional additives. It is seen that it is completely annulled by the article. Particularly effective additional additives include fatty acid blending and oil additives such as A, B and E additives. It contains acid-based lubrication enhancing additives.

Two of the additives were tested at different treatment rates (additive A at both 500 and 300 ppmw). and B additive at both 500 and 150 ppmw) are shown to be effective.

Example 1 repeated, but with tetraethylenepentamine as a detergent additive. polyisobutylene succinimide (based on polyisobutylene with an average molecular weight of approximately 1000) A formulation containing The standard treatment rate for this additive is 636 ppmw. Additional additives used according to the present invention are (a) acetic and inolenic acids and (b) F, C, G and A were fat-increasing additives.

The results are shown in Table 5 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings. Table 5 also shows that the observed details the effects of the pause in this situation.

Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) contribution (ppmw) (ppmw) hesitation pause pause 636 Acetic acid -27 -24 -25 (110) 636 C contribution -28 -28 (one thousand) 636 G contribution -25 -27 -25 (one thousand) (500) Again, these data; When an additional additive according to the present invention is used, both cold flow additive cold flow performance of a diesel fuel containing both a detergent additive and a detergent additive. It shows that it can be improved and can counteract the apparent harmful effects of detergent. Example 2 was repeated but the same detergent additive was used as in Example 3. Available Additional additives used according to the invention are (a) acetic acid and (b) F and A has been lubrication enhancing additives.

The results are shown in Table 6 below. No detergent additives or additional additives For compositions containing the substance, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.

Detergent additive Additional additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) 31) 31) 30) 600 O -18 -19 Other commercially available diesel fuels F3 to F5 obtained during winter months are Tested similarly to examples 1 to 4. All either contained cold flow additives or cold flow additives before adding any detergent or additional additives. mixed with.

The F3 fuel composition is based on the commercially available German diesel fuel used in Example 1. withstood, but with 200 ppmw MDFI additive and 150 ppmw WASA additive mixed. Cloud point before addition of cold flow additives -8 °C has happened.

The F4 fuel composition is a fuel containing 150 ppmw MDFI additive and 150 ppmw WASA additive. It is Dutch fuel. Cloud point before adding cold flow additives -10 It has been °C.

F5 fuel composition, standard cold flow additives (MDFI and at least It was a German fuel containing Before adding cold flow additives The cloud point was -9 °C. The same detergent additive as in example 1 at standard treatment rate (1000 ppmw) used. Mixtures were prepared with various additional additives according to the present invention.

CFPP results are shown in Table 7 below. No detergent additives or additives For F3 compositions containing additive, results quoted, range of readings in parentheses shown is an average of several replicate readings.

Fuel Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) (ppmw) substance (ppmw) F3 O 0 -31 (-30 to - -31 (-) F4 0 0 -21 -27 -20 F5 0 0 -28 -30 Again, the inclusion of a lubrication enhancing additive has the effect of preventing the detergent additive from freezing in cold weather. It appears to counteract its detrimental effect on flow performance.

Diesel fuel used as starting material in Example 1; (i) Detergent used in Example 1 additive, (ii) two cold flow additives (one MDFI and one WASA) and (iii) A lubrication It is mixed with various additives selected from among the enhancing additives. Each mixture CFPP was measured as in Example 1.

CFPP results are shown in Table 8.

MDFI additive WASA additive Detergent A additive CFPP CFPP CFPP The first row of Table 8 shows that the inclusion of standard cold flow additives in the fuel composition is -27 It shows that it results in a CFPP of around °C. Without these additives (Table 8), the CFPP of the composition increases to -11 °C. A fat booster alone or the inclusion of a lubrication enhancer together with a detergent does not affect the CFPP much It looks like.

The inclusion of the lubricant enhancer with cold flow additives is recommended only for cold flow It also significantly affects CFPP compared to fuel containing additives. It is not visible. This is to achieve the beneficial effects of the present invention (e.g., Example 1 to 5) as well as the additional additive of the present invention, cold flow and detergent suggests that additives should be included. In other words, three additives An unexpected synergy emerges between cold flow and detergent additives alone. Harmful interactions between substances are reduced.

This example shows undesirable hesitation when combining detergent and cold flow additives. The inclusion of an additional additive in a fuel composition according to the present invention to reduce the effects of shows that it can be done.

Both are standard cold flow additives (in each case a combination of MDFI and WASA F1 and F4 fuel compositions, detergent additives and additional additives containing It was mixed with substances and subjected to CFPP tests as in the previous examples.

Table 9 below with the detergent additive OCTIMISETiVi D3016 used in Example 1 shows the results of combined F1 fuel. used in accordance with the present invention The additional additives were (a) stearic acid and (b) lubricity enhancing additives B and C.

When a pause is observed, this is shown with CFPP figures and all values are expressed in °C. has been done.

Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) additive (ppmw) substance (ppmw) severe pause pause pause The inclusion of the detergent additive resulted in a significant increase in CFPP and It appears to cause severe hesitation effects in one of its kits. C contribution In its presence, only a slight pause is observed at -21 °C rather than at both -15 and -21 °C. The hesitation at -15 °C is also eliminated in the presence of stearic acid. Including additive B This causes the pause effects to disappear completely. Therefore, The additive of the present invention can reduce the stalling effects, resulting in CFPP This may lead to a fuel that is likely to be less problematic in testing.

Table 10 below shows the results of F4 fuel with OCTIMISET'V' D3016.

Additional additive used according to the present invention. fatty acid based B fat boosting supplement It must have been the article. When a pause was observed, this was shown with CFPP figures and all values were Detergent Additive CFPP #1 (°C) CFPP #2 (°C) CFPP #3 (°C) contribution (ppmw) phased pause phased pause pause pause pause 1000 B contribution -20 -20 (150) Here, the inclusion of the detergent additive caused severe It causes hesitation and mild hesitation effects in the other two test kits. detergent additive Even without the substance, the fuel still appears to suffer from slight hesitation. B. The inclusion of the additive completely eliminates the stalling effects.

Claims (1)

CLAIMS A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, wherein the detergent additive is selected from a polyolefin substituted succinimide or succinamide of polyamine, an aliphatic amine, Mannich base or amine, or polyolefin maleic anhydride, a cold flow additive, wherein the cold flow additive, The use of a detergent additive in a fuel composition comprising a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-slump agent (WASA), or a mixture thereof, selected from the following, to reduce the effect of the detergent additive on the cold flow performance of the composition: (a ) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids are selected from carboxylic acids; and (b) lubricity enhancing additives selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides. A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, wherein the detergent additive is selected from a polyolefin substituted succinimide or succinamide of the polyamine, an aliphatic amine, Mannioh base or amine, or polyolefin maleic anhydride, a cold flow additive, wherein the cold flow additive is a The use of an additive additive selected from the following in a fuel composition comprising a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-slump agent (WASA), or a mixture thereof, for the purpose of improving the cold flow performance of the composition: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids are selected from carboxylic acids; and (b) lubricity enhancing additives selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides. A distillate fuel, a detergent additive, wherein the detergent additive is selected from a polyolefin substituted succinimide or succinamide of the polyamine, an aliphatic amine, Mannioh base or amine, or polyolefin maleic anhydride, a cold flow additive, wherein the cold flow additive is a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-slump agent (WASA), or a mixture thereof, without affecting the cold flow performance of the composition or improving the cold flow performance compared to that otherwise caused by an increase in the detergent additive concentration. The use of an additional additive selected from: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids are selected from carboxylic acids, to increase the detergent additive concentration in the composition with reduced degradation; and (b) lubricity enhancing additives selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides. A method for formulating a fuel composition comprising (i) combining a distillate fuel, a detergent additive, wherein the detergent additive is a polyolefin substituted succinimide or succinamide of polyamine, an aliphatic amine, Mannich base, or amine or polyolefin maleic anhydride. a cold flow additive, wherein the cold flow additive is selected from a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), or a mixture thereof, is mixed together, (ii) the resulting mixture is cold filter plugged. measuring the cold flow performance by measuring the point (CFPP) and incorporating (iii) an additional additive selected from: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids are selected from carboxylic acids, in an amount sufficient to improve the cold flow performance of the mixture; and (b) lubricity enhancing additives selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides. It is a method in accordance with claim 4 and its feature is; The CFPP of the composition is improved by showing a decrease of at least 1 °C compared to a composition that does not contain the additional additive in (iii). It is a method in accordance with claim 4 and its feature is; The CFPP of the composition is improved by a reduction of at least 0.3%, expressed in degrees Kelvin, compared to a composition not containing the additive in (iii). In order to reduce the amount of cold flow additive in the composition, a distillate fuel, a detergent additive, wherein the detergent additive is selected from a polyolefin substituted succinimide or succinamide of polyamine, an aliphatic amine, Mannich base or amine or polyolefin maleic anhydride, a cold flow additive. agent, wherein the cold flow additive is selected from a middle distillate flow improver (MDFI) or a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), or a mixture thereof, the use of an additive additive selected from: (a) acids and mixtures thereof, wherein said acids are selected from carboxylic acids; and (b) lubricity enhancing additives selected from carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters or fatty acid amides. It is a method or use in accordance with any of the previous claims, and its feature is; The distillate fuel is a middle distillate fuel. It is a method or use in accordance with any of the previous claims, and its feature is; The fuel composition is a diesel fuel composition. It is a method or use in accordance with any of the previous claims, and its feature is; The additive is a carboxylic acid or a mixture thereof. It is a method or use in accordance with claim 10, and its feature is; The additive is a fatty acid or a mixture thereof.