TR201809373T4 - Apparatus and method for injecting oxygen into a pressure loaded circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an oxygen spear having at least three coaxial tubes for each other, each of which is limited to at least one annular space. The outermost tube is configured for directing excess heat steam and has a steam supply point, the central tube being designed as an annular space, and the innermost tube is configured to pass oxygen at a temperature not higher than 180 ° C, and has an oxygen supply point. A heat sensor is arranged in the innermost tube, wherein the heat sensor extends just in front of the opening of the innermost tube. The innermost tube is tapered in the form of a nozzle prior to opening; the innermost tube is fed into the central tube and the aperture of the tube of the center is relatively ahead of the aperture of the outermost tube.

Description

DESCRIPTION GAZIFICATION OF OXYGEN WITH A PRESSURE-LOADED CIRCULATIONAL FLUID BED DEVICE AND METHOD FOR INJECTING INTO THE REACTOR The invention demonstrates that oxygen is typically produced by the High Temperature Winkler Method (HTW Method). A pressure-loaded circulating fluidized bed, put into use in a gasification reactor. It relates to a method and a device for injection in gasification.

The HTW Method has been known for a long time and with it a fragmented and at the same time liquid or paste-shaped carbon-containing fuels are converted into synthesis gas, valid as proven technology. As a fuel, it is also very high ash heavy fuels, as well as fuels from biomass and carbon containing wastes are also used. These are bubble-forming circulating fluidized beds. A circulating fluid operated as a circulating fluid is directed into the bed and oxygen, water vapor and It is gassed with C02. HTW Method, compared to other gasification methods, It works at medium temperatures where ash does not melt. This is especially true for corrosive ash. has advantages.

Excessive dosing will result in high combustion, thus reducing the amount of 002 in the syngas. supplementation of oxygen, as this should be avoided, as this will cause It should be dosed very well. At the same time, an excessively high dosing may result in a loss of oxygen entry points. in its immediate vicinity, it will cause the ash particles to melt, as a result, Clumps with circulating fluid bed material may appear, these on its side, it causes sticking to the oxygen lances. To this end, the fuel a complete, rapid, and fine supply of oxygen under pressure, through its partially interrupted supply. feeding needs to be regulated. This typically means that the required oxygen is circulated particularly high in lances for application in a fluidized bed reactor. gives rise to requirements. explained, they correspond to the prior art up to the present situation. Possible agglomeration problem, the addition of steam at the exit point of the oxygen, the outgoing oxygen It dissolves when it is arranged to form a mist of steam enveloping the jet.

In this context, the turbulences in the resulting gas jet cause a very high amount of steam. This prevents the co-entrained circulating bed particles from overheating and thus significantly reducing the tendency to agglomerate.

However, this technology is problematic at pressures above 8 to 10 bar. Oxygen, The oxygen is normally preheated before being introduced into the lance. However, for safety reasons, hardware parts customary in the industry in this context, Heating above 180°C is undesirable, especially since the gaskets are damaged. Legal permission is also given for the use of materials above 200°C. restrictions are also available. Preheated oxygen, at 180°C, into the oxygen lance diverted and releases superheated water vapor in a sheath pipe, 8 to 10 bar Above the pressure, condensates form on the evaporation side of the pipe that conducts the oxygen. This condensates drastically change the flow rate at the gas outlet so that the oxygen lance No more water vapor fog will occur around it. This is oxygen leads to the failure of the spear.

Therefore, the object of the invention is the gasification of oxygen with a charged circulating fluidized bed. also for injection into the reactor above 10 bar suitable for processing pressures and with high safety and usability is the introduction of an economical device and a method.

This purpose is the smallest one arranged within each other and in each case adjacent to at least one annular space. carried out by an oxygen lance with at least three coaxial pipes, where . the outermost pipe is arranged for passing the overheated steam and has a steam supply point, . the middle tube is arranged as an annular space, . the innermost tube allows the passage of hot oxygen with a maximum temperature of 180°C. is geared towards and has an oxygen supply point, - a heat probe is arranged inside the innermost pipe, this is the innermost pipe mouth it reaches very close. . the innermost tube narrows into a nozzle before its mouth, . the innermost tube opens into the middle tube and . the mouth of the middle pipe protrudes more than the mouth of the outermost pipe.

In one design, the middle tube is open at the mouth of the oxygen lance. another one In the design, the middle tube is arranged for passing dry gas and a gas It has an entry point. In this context, in another design, the middle pipe is constriction of the tube in the form of a nozzle before it is introduced into the middle tube can be provided.

Here, combustion under dry gas, as opposed to evaporation technology A technical gas is understood to be without the water vapor portion, as is customary in technology. This on the other hand, under wet gas, below is a technique that also includes the water vapor portion. gas is understandable, however, here, this does not mean that a polyphase mixture has formed.

Therefore, excessively hot water vapor is dry, where no wet steam occurs. Although it has a meaning, it should be considered as a wet gas.

The aim is also to ensure that oxygen is a circulating fluid operated according to the HTW Method. an oxygen lance, as described above, into the bed gasification reactor. carried out by a method of directing through . flat gas, in the outermost tube, circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor fed by a pressure above the pressure inside, . Oxygen is circulated into the innermost tube at a maximum temperature of 180°C. with a pressure above the pressure inside the fluidized bed gasification reactor. is passed, . flat gas, in the form of mantle flow from the mouth of the outermost pipe, the mouth of the middle pipe around and come out as a free jet, here, the age coming out the flow rate of the gas is greater than that of the gas coming out of the innermost pipe. In the designs of the method, the dry gas in the middle pipe is used with a circulating fluidized bed. directed with a pressure above the pressure inside the gasification reactor, and mixing of oxygen and dry gas before opening the middle pipe predictable.

In other embodiments of the method, the wet gas is used as superheated water vapor or carbon dioxide and It is designed to be a mixture of extremely hot water vapor.

In other embodiments of the method, the oil gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen or carbon dioxide and a mixture of air or a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen is designed. In addition, if desired during the gasification process, also possible without dry gas, where positive effects on the temperature of the wet gas can be preserved. The lowest supply temperature of dry gas into the middle pipe, used The oil is obtained from the dew point of the gas in the outermost tube, which in pure water vapor, corresponds to the saturated steam temperature.

Supply lines for carbon dioxide, oxygen lances due to requirement ensure that it can be used during the rapid closure of the inert It's just a little bit of a blowout from the air intake and adding another pipe to the oxygen lances. This technical solution is particularly advantageous economically because it generates costs. it turned out to be. Choosing a dry gas with high quality heat capacity and hot, wet gas, through additional protection against cold oxygen, to prevent evaporation a significant temperature drop in the outermost pipe and hence the outermost pipe Condensation of water vapor does not occur in it.

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of 2 outlines. In this context, figure 1, a nozzle opening into the fluidized bed of an HTW gasification reactor, not shown. shows a sematic section through the oxygen spear. Figure 2 shows oxygen, carbon dioxide and indicates the interconnection of supply lines for steam.

Oxygen (1) enters the innermost tube (2), in which the heat measuring device (3) is arranged. is directed. The temperature is 180 degrees Celsius, the pressure at the inlet is about 28 bar. Full pressure for gasification of the amount of oxygen currently required determined by the capacity control fed to the reactor. carbon dioxide, middle pipe (4) is supplied with 5 to 230 degrees centigrade. Extremely hot steam (7), max into the outer tube (6), at a pressure of approximately 29 bar and a temperature of 410 degrees Celsius. owner is directed. Water vapor releases carbon dioxide to a temperature of about 270 degrees Celsius. heats up to temperature, where oxygen is likewise slightly warmed. In this context, water vapor No water vapor condensation occurs as the dew point is not dropped below and no droplets form at the mouth of the outermost tube, so that the oxygen spear tip A homogeneous vapor mist may occur around it.

The oxygen of the innermost tube and the carbon dioxide of the middle tube are at mixing point (9) they are combined for a common gas stream, where, the supply point, It is currently located in the circulating fluid bed of the HTW gasification reactor.

The mixture is directed into the circulating flow bed in the form of a free jet (10), where vapor mist prevents turbulence of oxygen around the nozzle tip and thus as a result of possible local overheating. ash softening at the nozzle tip and prevents clumping. In this way, the circulating fluidized bed reactor is set at a 28 bar can be operated under pressure.

Figure 2, supply for oxygen (11), carbon dioxide (12) and super hot steam (13) intermediate lines, as well as the most important stop and regulating valves. shows the connection diagram. Carbon dioxide, emergency, relief valve (14) through the oxygen line and through the regulating valve (15) into the steam line can be directed. Normally, both valves are closed. The amount of oxygen needed adjusting valve (16) of oxygen supply, depending on the amount of carbon dioxide function as the regulating valve (17) of the regulator and the regulating valve (18) of the steam line sees. Oxygen (11), through the oxygen distribution nozzle (19) at the same time as the other nozzle It can also be distributed towards the planes.

The following calculation and configuration examples illustrate the invention: . In Example 1, the outermost tube is charged with water vapor and the middle tube with nitrogen. . In Example 2, the outermost pipe is filled with water vapor, and the middle pipe is filled with carbon dioxide. is loaded. 0 In Example 3, the outermost tube has equal mass from carbon dioxide and water vapor. with a mixture consisting of amounts of is loaded. . In Example 4, the outermost pipe is loaded with water vapor and the middle pipe is flowless. it is left in a row.

In all examples, the innermost tube is charged with oxygen, where the inside diameter is approximately 25 mm and a 11 mm thick thermo element is arranged inside. whole measurement values are approximate values obtained from configuration calculations.

Clearance of outermost tube [mm] 9 15 15 15 Gap of middle tube [mm] 10 Mass flow of the outermost pipe [kg/s] 0.039 Mass flux of the middle pipe [kg/s] 0.0039 Mass flux of the innermost tube [kg/s] 0.225 Inlet temperature in outermost pipe [°C] 410 Inlet temperature in the middle pipe [°C] 230 Inlet temperature in the innermost pipe [°C] 180 Output temperature from outermost pipe [°C] 400 Output temperature from the middle pipe [°C] 270 Output temperature from the innermost pipe [°C] 182 0.225 0.225 0.225 In all cases, the saturated steam temperature of the wet gas of the outermost tube is it does not fall down at any point in the pipe so no condensation occurs.

The invention is not limited to the examples illustrated, moreover, it can be used in different load cases or flexibly adapting the relevant flows to the needs in working situations possible.

Reference Numbers List: Oxygen innermost tube middle pipe Carbon dioxide The outermost pipe Water vapor The mouth of the outer pipe OCJ\ICD01-ßc›.)i\)-` mixing point free jet Oxygen Carbon dioxide M141618 Drain valve regulating valve regulating valve regulating valve regulating valve oxygen diffuser

Claims (1)

REQUIREMENTS 1. An oxygen lance with at least three pipes which are coaxially interconnected and limited to at least an annular space in all cases, characterized in that the outermost pipe is arranged for passing extremely hot steam through it and has a steam supply point, the middle pipe is annular space. is the arrangement in the form of a cavity, the innermost tube is arranged for the passage of hot oxygen through it at a maximum of 180°C and has an oxygen supply point, it is the arrangement of a thermal probe in the innermost tube, reaching just before the mouth of the innermost tube, the innermost It is the thinning of the pipe before its mouth, before the nozzle style, the innermost pipe inlet into the middle pipe, and the mouth of the middle pipe protruding further than the mouth of the outermost pipe. It is an oxygen lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle tube is clearly arranged on the mouth side of the oxygen lance. 3. An oxygen lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle pipe is arranged for passing dry gas through it and has a gas transition point. It is an oxygen lance according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle tube is pre-nozzled in the middle tube before the innermost tube is mouthed. 5. A method for passing oxygen into a circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor operated according to the HTW Method by means of an oxygen lance corresponding to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by 0 wet gas, into the outermost pipe, circulating fluidized bed gasification it is fed with a pressure above the pressure in the reactor, that oxygen is passed into the innermost pipe with a maximum temperature of 180°C and a pressure above the pressure inside the circulating fluidized bed gasification reactor, 0 wet gas as the mantle flow from the mouth of the outermost pipe , exits around the mouth of the middle pipe and as a free jet coming out, the flow rate of the outgoing oil gas is set to be greater than that of the gas coming out of the innermost pipe. The method according to claim 5, its feature is that the middle pipe is loaded with dry gas, that oxygen and dry gas are mixed before the middle pipe is opened, . The wet gas comes out from the mouth of the outermost pipe in the form of a mantle flow, around the mouth of the middle pipe and as a free jet that comes out, the flow rate of the outgoing oil is set to be greater than that of the outgoing mixture of dry gas and oxygen. The method according to any of the claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the wet gas is extremely hot water vapor. The method according to any of claims 5 or Bidan, characterized in that the wet gas is a mixture of carbon dioxide and extremely hot water vapor. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the dry gas is carbon dioxide. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the dry gas is nitrogen. It is the method according to the request, and its feature is that the dry gas is a mixture consisting of carbon dioxide and air. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the dry gas is a mixture consisting of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. 13. Method according to claim S, characterized in that the dry gas is not moved during operation.