SU969683A1 - Apparatus for purifying water - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the treatment and purification of natural and waste waters, in particular to installations and apparatus for the purification and purification of waters by biological methods, and can be used in aquaculture for the purpose of purifying water used for the mass cultivation of aquatic organisms, as well as in biological wastewater treatment plants . A water treatment plant is known, which represents a body with a bottom and a section of biological filters installed in it by rows of a rectangular section. A filter loading is placed in the sections of biological filters, and under it are perforated pipes connected to the source fluid supply unit and an additional filter placed between the biofilter housing and the failed reservoir Lll. The disadvantage of this installation is the low productivity of water purification. A water treatment plant is also known, consisting of a casing with a bottom and containing biological filters with filter loading and perforated pipes, gutter trays, a clarified water chamber and filters for water treatment, as well as a pump with pipelines for supplying water for cleaning and sludge removal. . A disadvantage of the known installation is that it does not fully provide for the purification of water from organic and mineral substances and biogenic elements. The purpose of the invention is to increase the degree of water purification by intensifying the adsorption of mineral and organic contaminants. The goal is to achieve that in a water treatment plant containing a cleaning filter, a biological filter with a filter loading and drainage pipes, an clarification water chamber, a sump, a pump with water supply lines for cleaning and sludge removal, the biological filter is made of two sections, the first of which is provided with filamentous algae jars placed above the filtering load and communicated with a cleaning filter and a chamber of clarified iodine, and the second with cylindrical nodules with horses somatic bottoms communicated with the sump.

FIG. 1 shows an installation for cleaning water, a plan view; in fig. 2 - the same, longitudinal section.

The proposed water purification plant is an aggregate consisting of., A block of pressure filters 1 for preliminary purification of water, mainly from coarse suspended solids (Fig. 1). Such a Kaldady filter consists of body 2 (Fig. 2), which is a rectangular container in plan. From the bottom, the housing 2 has a pyramid-shaped bottom 3. Inside the housing 2, above the bottom 3, there is a lattice 4, on which is placed a coarse-grain loading 5, for example from a gravel with a grain size of 20–45 mm (bottom). In the upper part of the housing 2 there is a second fine mesh grate 6, under which the layer of filtering load 7 made of granulated polystyrene granules with a particle size of 8-65 mm is floating. (upper Russian). In the side of each of the filters 1 there is a lateral overflow window 8, by means of which the filters 1 communicate with the unit

9 biological oxidation of contaminants of the first stage of biological water purification. The biological oxidation unit 9 is a rectangular tank in plan, on the bottom

10Which drainage pipes are laid.

11, and on top - filter loading

12, above which on the support frames 13

set in two rows of mesh. cages 14 for the cultivation of filamentous algae. Drainage pipes 11 with the second end exit through the end face of block 9 into chamber 15 of clarified water, the upper end of which forms a drain window 16, thus connecting chamber 15c with unit 17 for biological oxidation of wastewater of the second cSyne water purification.

In block 17, the biological oxide NINs are located in a row in the transverse direction of the invention, charges 18 dl. cultivation of filamentous algae, each of which is a cylindrical tank with a conical bottom 19. In the upper part of the cylindrical wall of each of the cages 18 there are overflow windows 20, and inside - a horizontal mesh partition 21. The conical bottoms 19 of the cages 18 are connected through pipelines 22 to a receiving tray 23 of a vertical settler 24 having a bottom 25, a transverse partition 26 not reaching the bottom end to the bottom 25, and a overflow tray 27 communicating with a pipeline with a valve 28 for removing the purified water.

The water treatment plant is equipped with a water supply pump 29 with piping and valves. The water supply pipe for cleaning with valve Im 30 communicates with the suction port of the pump 29, and the discharge pipe of the pump 29 communicates through pipelines with valves 31 with bottoms 3, which have drain pipes with valves 32..

The bottom 25 of the sump 24 via a pipeline with a valve 33 is connected with the suction port of the pump 29.

The proposed installation for water treatment works in the following way.

Water: intended for cleaning is supplied by a pump 29 for supplying water through pipelines through open valves 30 and 31 to the bottoms 3 of the filter unit 1. In this case, the water under pressure passes through the grids 4 and the slots of the filtering load 5 and lifts from further upwards the passage through the upper Rus filtering load 7 and the grid 6, and through the overflow window 8 enters the block 9 of the first stage of biological treatment.

Coarse-grained impurities of the treated water are retained in the bottom run of the filtering load 5 supported by the grate 4 as well as in the bottom 3. Partially released water from coarse-grained soils rises up, presses a floating load 7 to grate 6, strains it through and frees it from fine particles, and then goes through spillway windows 8 by gravity to cages 14 for the cultivation of filamentous algae. In cages, water passes through the mass of biomass of filamentous algae, is contacted with it by biological adsorption, is purified by filamentous algae and ultimately through the mesh bottoms of the cages by gravity flow into the filter charge 12, which is a biological filter of heterotrophic microorganisms, and then through drainage pipes 11 into the chamber, 15 clarified water. Purified water through biological film loading 12 is further purified from organic matter.

From the chamber 15 of the clarified water through the spillway window 16 (upper edge of the wall), the water is poured into the block 17 of the second stage of biological purification of water and fills it, and then by gravity through the spillway windows 20 enters the cages 18 for the cultivation of filamentous algae, then passes through the biomass of filamentous algae and mesh partition 21 and through pipelines 22 by gravity flow into tray 23 of the vertical settling tank 24. From tray 23, the treated water is evenly transferred and, due to the presence of partition 26, flows down to the bottoms 25, and then lifted up and eventually arrives in the purified and clarified in a tray 27, from which the pipeline through the open valve 28 is discharged into the reservoir.

In the bottom 25, suspended solids accumulate in the same manner as in the o & 1ch sedimentation tanks. ; As dirt and sediment accumulate in the filtering load 5 and the grate 6 of filter 1, as well as in the bottom 25 of the sump 24, shut off the valve 30, open the valve 33 and thus the sediment from the bottom 25 piles into the filters 1, and then shut off the valve 33 and turn off from work pump 29 .:

To remove contaminants and sediment from filters 1, valves 32, and under the Head of iMac ces in the water filters 1, floating loading b spawns; exempt from accumulated contaminants. The contaminants are replaced by water by gravity, including from the filter charge 5 and the bottom 3, through open valves 32 are discharged into the sewer system.

After the filters 1 are released from contamination, the valves 32 are closed, the valves 30 and 31 are opened, the pump 29 is turned on to supply water for cleaning, and thus the water purification installation is brought to its previous mode of operation.

By purification on filters, a biological filter, and also mediocre filamentous algae, deep water purification is achieved. For

Wastewater treatment plants “It is easier to use the types of algae listed in the table, which, as you can see, prefer waters rich in nutrients and organic matter.

The most suitable types of algae for water purification are Cladophora fracta and Rhlzoclon lum hlerogJyphlcum. Before other filamentous algae, they have a number of advantages: 5 mass, intensive growth, high photosynthetic activity, and absorption capacity with respect to biogenic elements and organic matter, relatively low destruction and extracellular secretion of organic substances. They survive well in artificial conditions, do not grow to the walls of the bioabsorbent and can be easily removed if desired, {subject to biomass exceeding 3 kg / m of water in tanks with filamentous algae) optimum biomass 1-2 kg / m capacity with water).

Thus, the biocenoses of filamentous algae provide a high quality of water purification from pollution, and their use in treatment plants has several advantages compared with biocenoses of activated sludge, since filamentous algae more intensively adsorb mineral and organic compounds, and The process of water purification itself can be carried out on more, simple installations and structures.

Characteristics of species composition {filamentous algae, recommended for biological treatment and treatment of natural and waste waters.

fracta Kuetz.

Free-floating, filaments of the branch of the TC, forms splashes and clusters; filament thickness up to 120 microns.

gtomorata (LJKuctz

Strongly branched ichi, overgrown with underwater object) thickness up to 130 microns. .

It looks like a C. fracta, but the thread without side branches, forms a coma thickness of up to 40 microns.

re-ttculAtum.

Deyobii.free-floating, in the form of a bag up to 1 m long.

Many species that

Link differs only in sexual reproduction; attached, not branch mc.

Thickness up

165 μm crassa Kuiitz.

Splrogyra "etlforml (Koth) Kuetz

Thickness up to 100 microns.

Splrogyra negtecta (Hass) Kuetz

Thickness

up to 60-70 microns.

Nitrogen is actively absorbed, especially a 'yiii (phosphorus, metal, organic matter).

Active photosytetic (which means water purification.

Purifies water from organic and mineral compounds.

Purifies water from organic and chemical substances, grows in waters rich in nitrogen.

Actively absorb organic matter and nitrogen.

l

Grows in water with nitrogen contamination.

It is growing is polluted waters, actively absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus.

Actively absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus.

Claims (2)

1. USSR author's certificate No. 55 & 10, 10, cl. C 02 F 3/18, 1979, 2. USSR author's certificate in application 2996670, cl. C 02 F 3/32, 1980. And P fsn mtiit gzmgg F1a.g