SU969325A2 - Method for automatically controlling thermal processing of high-melting materials - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to methods for the automatic control of the process of thermal processing of refractory materials, such as phosphates, metals and building materials, in energy-efficient cyclone units, can be used in the chemical industry, non-ferrous metallurgy, and industrial building materials. . According to the main author. St. M 546379 discloses a method for automatically controlling the process of thermal processing of fusible materials in a water cooled cyclone unit by stabilizing the raw material consumption with correction for the temperature difference of the water cooling pinch, adjusting the fuel oxidizer ratio, while controlling the oxidizer and fuel consumption for each burner device carried out with a correction for the oxidizer consumption for the whole group of burners and the ratio of fuel-oxidizer, respectively The control method does not provide optimal process conditions due to possible violations of the aerodynamic regime in the cyclone unit caused by significant changes in the resistance of the gas path occurring during the operation of the units, which leads to an increase in fuel consumption. The goal of the acquisition is to reduce consumption: fuel .; The delivered chain is achieved in that the stabilization of the aerodynamic regime in the cyclone unit is carried out by. adjusting the draft of flue gases by the pressure drop in the cyclone unit and the fuel consumption per group of burner units by the pressure drop in the boiler utilizer. The drawing shows the basic diagram of the system for automatic control of the process of thermal processing of refractory materials in energy-technology cyclone aggregates. The method is as follows. The cyclone energy technology arpegate consists of cyclone chambers 1, connected by pinch 2 to collection 3 of the melt, and the waste heat boiler 4, where yxo f flue gases. Cyclone pansvil-. The chamber is equipped with burners in the station 5 for supplying enriched air fuel to the loading cartridges 6 for the feedstock. The clamp 2, like the entire unit as a whole, is cooled by water, after which an accumulator 7 is formed, which is a layer of solid processed material. The automatic process control system for the thermal processing of refractory materials includes a heat load controller 8, a temperature meter 9, and 10 and 11 temperature sensors. For the aerial optimum airflow; d1 shamicho1X} mode, a cascade is used: a repetition pattern consisting of corrective adjustments 12 and 13 enriched air and fuel, and a fuel to air ratio regulator 14. Enhanced air regulator 15, sensor 16 and regulator 17 are used to stabilize the Air consumption. Regulator 18, flow regulator 19 regulator 20 to regulate fuel consumption. Regulator 14 flow sensor 21, sensor 22 sod | The gases and the flow sensor 23 constitute a circuit designed to support a predetermined ratio of fuel to air. In order to stabilize the flow rate of the raw material, the raw material controller 24 is used, the flow sensor 25 and the electrically controlled water 26. For regulating the degree of air thickening, the oxygen regulator 27 oxygen is used, the sensor 28; air degrees and regulator 29 on the oxygen supply line 30. To stabilize the aerodynamic regime, use the regulator 31; gland, 32 differential pressure, regulator 33, fuel regulator 34, pressure differential sensor 35 and regulator 36. When the feedstock enters the cyclone chamber 1, the amount of pressure is adjusted by the regulator 24 by a sensor signal & flow rate 25 by means of electroplating 26, the specified aerodynamic setting is established in the cyclone chamber 1, the mode with optimum excess air. This is achieved by stabilizing the enriched air and fuel consumption at each burner device by 5 regulators 15 and 18 enriched air and fuel by pulses from the flow sensors 16 and 19; The enriched air regulator 15 receives a doped pulse from the correction regulator 12 in terms of the total enriched air flow to the cyclone melting chamber 1, and the fuel regulator 18 from the corrective regulator 13, which in turn acts on the regulator 14 The ratios of fuel and air are the pulses from sensors iil and 23 of the flow rate and sensor 2 2 of the oxygen content in individual gases. During normal operation of the burner devices, the 5-regulators 15 and JL8 on each device maintain optimal fuel flow and enriched air of a given ratio. In the case of partial melting of one of the burner devices 5 (for example, shown in the drawing), the fuel supply and enriched air consequently, the regulator 18 is reduced and 15 is enriched. The air is increased by the degree of opening of the д v diruh oipraHOB 17 and 20. If one of the burner devices 5 is completely melted down, this will lead to a decrease in the total consumption of fuel and flow air. These disturbances are perceived by the adjusting regulators 12 and 13, which affect the local regulators of the burners. 5, redistributing the fuel and air passing through the fused burner 5 through the latter. Thus, the desired thermal and aerodynamic regimes are maintained. When removing this air condition (and, for example, in case of burning a melted burner), the redistribution of incoming and enriched Air will reverse in the reverse order. When the thermal conditions change, the amount of heat flow through the hump 7 to the water that cools 2 , at its constant flow rate also changes, which is detected by temperature sensor 11 1. Regulator 8 is warmly charged by pulses from the sensor 11. Perratur affects the subordinate regulator: first on oxygen regulator 27, and then with further load changes from control set to regulator 24, increasing the degree of enrichment of air through the regulator

29 on the oxygen supply line 30, reducing the amount of processed: raw materials when the heat load BjCTOpoHy decreases. With an increase in the response of the regulator 27 is inverse, 5

However, there may be cases when the resistance of the cyclone melting chamber 1 increases due to an increase in the level of aspava in the melt collector 3 or during formation of an overlay on the walls of the cyclone chamber 1, in this case the regulator 31 tons, having received a pulse from the sensor 32. acts on the regulator 33 - and removes this disturbance by increasing the cross section of the opening for the exit of flue gases and, thereby, reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the cyclone unit. Thus, the aerodynamic regime in the cyclone melting chamber 1 is stabilized. If the aerodynamic re-20 press is disturbed due to the melting of the traction duct of the boiler-utilizer 4, the fuel regulator 34 reduces the consumption of the fuel sensor 35. thus restoring the aerodynamic regime in the cyclone melting chamber 1,,. -,,. . ., - .; . ,, /: A system is tested to automatically control the process of thermal processing of natural phosphates 30 i (phosphate rock) on a superphosphate plant: a plant in a cyclone unit with the following process parameters: consumption of fosmuk 6.5-8.0 t / h; air flow 280pO 35OOO m / h; fuel consumption 2800-35 32OO m / h.

The results show that if the cyclone chamber is melted (when entering recycling, for example, a shallower refractory material), its aerodynamic resistance increases, the aerodynamic mode of the process is disturbed, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished product (reduction of fluorine content in feed phosphates 45 0.3-O, 4% instead of the normative 0.2%). When a cyclone unit operates with a control system that implements the proposed method, in the event of an increase in the aerodynamic resistance of the cyclone melting chamber (as indicated by the increased pressure drop in the chamber), this disturbance is removed by increasing the gas track section. : -.:,;

With the aiapocTaiiHB melt of the heat recovery boiler tract, an increase in its aeronautical resistance / youngv. In this case, the control system reduces the supply of tonnHBa, which leads to a decrease in flue gases and, consequently, to the normalization of the dynamic mode of the process.

Application of the proposed method for automatic control of the Tei process.

processing of refractory materials into cyclone aggregates allows

to extend the term of his working campaign, to improve the quality of ready-to-go products and to reduce the fuel consumption due to the operation of the unit in the optimal aerodynamic mode:, press. . :: - -; . . When the unit operates with a control system, fuel consumption is reduced within 27о-ЗОО. The ecological effect of introducing the method of ori-; 150 thousand rubles a year, for a single aggregate with a capacity of 7 t / h I feed phosphates,

F: o rmu l and a and about te

The method of automatic control of the process of thermal processing fyro; floating materials on the author, St. No. 546379: about the fact that, in order to reduce fuel consumption, stabilize the aerodynamic; The regime in the cycdon fHOM aggregate is carried out by adjusting the smoke gas puff according to the pressure drop in the cyclone aggregate in the fuel consumption per GTPO switchgear devices; by the pressure drop in the heat exchanger --- --- /. ::. ; .

Sources of information

taken into account upon examination 1, USSR Copyright Certificate No. 546379, class B 04 C 5/24, 1973:

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Claims (1)

Claim The method of automatic control of fusible materials according to ed. St. No. 546379 ^ from l and Tea I am with the fact that, in order to reduce fuel consumption, stabilization. dulling for processing, for example, the aerodynamic regime has started in the cyclone of refractory material) its aerodynamic unit is carried out by means of regulating resistance, the aeration of the flue gas draft due to the difference the dynamic mode of the process violates the pressure in the cyclone unit and the flow rate, which leads to a decrease in the quality of fuel for a group of burner devices for finished products (there is an increase in the pressure drop in the boiler — utilization of fluorine in feed phosphates to 45 pe. 0.3-0.4% instead of normative 0.2%). . Sources of information, When operating a cyclone unit with syc - taken into account during examination 1. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 546379, cl. B 04 C 5/24, 1973; topic management that implements the proposed method, in the case of increasing aero969325 Circulation 619 Subscribed Branch of PPP 'Patent', R. Already a city. Project, 4