SU962727A1

SU962727A1 - Shaft furnace charging apparatus

Info

Publication number: SU962727A1
Application number: SU802920140A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Николай Иванович Ильяшенко; Геннадий Викторович Малахов; Александр Владимирович Дубинский
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-3732
Priority date: 1980-05-05
Filing date: 1980-05-05
Publication date: 1982-09-30

Description

Изобретение относится к загрузочным устройствам шахтных печей, работающих под разряжением и может найти применение в химической, металлургической и строительной отраслях промышленности.The invention relates to loading devices of shaft furnaces operating under vacuum and may find application in the chemical, metallurgical and construction industries.

Основным условием получения в шахтной печи равномерно обожженной извести при наиболее низких расходных коэффициентах является поддержание однородного температурного поля по поперечному сечению печи.The main condition for obtaining uniformly baked lime in a shaft furnace at the lowest flow rates is to maintain a uniform temperature field over the furnace cross section.

При загрузке в шахтную печь карбонатного сырья и топлива или только карбонатного сырья отдельные куски материала располагаются по поперечному сечению печи в том или ином порядке, в зависимости от гранулометрического состава шихты и конструкции загрузочного устройства.When loading carbonate raw materials and fuel or only carbonate raw materials into the shaft furnace, individual pieces of material are arranged along the furnace cross section in one way or another, depending on the particle size distribution of the charge and the design of the loading device.

Известно загрузочное устройство шахтной печи, содержащее верхнюю и нижнюю загрузочные воронки с проме2 [жуточной емкостью, запорный орган, распределительный орган, выполненный в виде поворотного лотка с отбойными пластинами, механизмы их подъема и поворота. Поворот распределительного органа вокруг оси позволяет устранить сегрегацию шихты по поперечному сечению печи £1 J.A loading device of a shaft furnace is known, comprising upper and lower loading funnels with intermediate capacity [2, a locking member, a distributing member made in the form of a rotary tray with baffle plates, and mechanisms for raising and turning them. The rotation of the distribution body around the axis eliminates the segregation of the mixture along the cross section of the furnace £ 1 J.

Однако устройство обладает существенным недостатком, который заключается в наличии вращающихся деталей механизма поворота.However, the device has a significant drawback, which is the presence of rotating parts of the rotation mechanism.

В связи с тяжелыми условиями эксплуатации устройства (большие ударные нагрузки при загрузке шихты, высокая температура, налипание кусков материала, особенно в зимний периоду наблюдается заклинивание его отдельных деталей, особенной в механизме поворота, что обуславливает ненадежность его работы.Due to the difficult operating conditions of the device (large shock loads when loading the charge, high temperature, sticking of pieces of material, especially in the winter period, jamming of its individual parts is observed, especially in the rotation mechanism, which makes it unreliable.

Кроме того, наличие промежуточной •емкости требует увеличения общей вы3 962727 соты печи, что приводит к неоправданному увеличению капзатрат.In addition, the presence of an intermediate • tank requires an increase in the total height of the furnace cell, which leads to an unjustified increase in capex.

Наиболее близким по технической Сущности к предлагаемому является загрузочное устройство шахтной печи, 5 содержащее цилиндрический приемный бункер с соосно расположенными верхней и нижней загрузочными воронками!, запорный орган, состоящий из наружного колоколообразного клапана и внут- 10 реннего клапана, выполненного в виде стакана, распределительный орган, механизмы их подъема и поворота. Верхняя плоскость колообразного клапана наклонена под углом 45“50° и снабже- 1S на в верхней части отбойным козырь.ком, охватывающим 6/10 его периметра. ιΒ устройстве исключена сегрегация в нижней загрузочной воронке и- отсутствует промежуточная емкость [2). 20The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a loading device of a shaft furnace, 5 containing a cylindrical receiving hopper with coaxially arranged upper and lower loading funnels! Shut-off element, consisting of an external bell-shaped valve and an internal 10 valve made in the form of a glass, a distribution organ , mechanisms of their lifting and turning. The upper plane of the valve-like valve is inclined at an angle of 45–50 ° and is supplied with 1S on the upper part of the jack-off trumpet, covering 6/10 of its perimeter. ιΒ the device excludes segregation in the lower loading funnel and there is no intermediate capacity [2). 20

Недостатком устройства остается ненадежность его работы, обусловленная наличием механизма поворота.The disadvantage of the device remains the unreliability of its operation, due to the presence of a rotation mechanism.

В последнее время отдается пред- 25 почтение периферийной загрузке сырья в шахтную печь.Recently, preference has been given to the peripheral loading of raw materials into the shaft furnace.

При сжигании в-шахтной печи жидкого топлива носителем тепла является газовый поток, скорость которого у стен ₃₀шахты на 50% выше, чем в ее середине, несмотря на загрузку сырья заданного гранулометрического состава, скорость же опускания.шихты у стен на 20-30% ниже, чем в центральной части шихты. Поэтому загружать шихту необходимо ³⁵таким образом, чтобы скорость газового потока увеличивалась в центре шахты и уменьшалась в пристенной зоне. Этого можно достигнуть, используя ^за“ грузочные устройства, направляющие куски сырья большего размера в середину шахты, а мелкую фракцию - к стене.When burning in a shaft furnace of liquid fuel, the heat carrier is the gas stream, the speed of which at the walls of the _30th mine is 50% higher than in the middle, despite the loading of raw materials of a given particle size distribution, the speed of lowering. The charge at the walls is 20-30% lower than in the central part of the charge. Therefore, it is necessary to load the charge ³⁵ in such a way that the gas flow rate increases in the center of the shaft and decreases in the near-wall zone. This can be achieved by using ^{for the} "gruzochnye device guides the pieces of raw material larger in the middle of the shaft, and the fine fraction - to the wall.

Самым простым и надежным в эксплуатации является большой конус-рассекатель, который отбрасывает шихту в периферийное кольцо. При этом возле стен печи образуется гребень, а в центральной части - воронка, что приводит к сегрегации кусков за счет ⁵⁰различия углов.естественного откоса.The simplest and most reliable in operation is a large cone-divider, which throws the charge into the peripheral ring. At the same time, a ridge is formed near the walls of the furnace, and a funnel is formed in the central part, which leads to segregation of the pieces due to ⁵⁰ differences in angles.

Цель изобретения - повышение надежности работы.The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, ⁵⁵что загрузочное устройство шахтной печи, содержащее приемный бункер, с соосно расположенными верхней и ниж ней загрузочными воронками, запорное устройство в виде наружного и внутреннего клапанов, распределительное устройство и механизм подъема, снабжено желобом закрепленным со стороны загрузки на наклонной поверхности наружного клапана.The goal is achieved by the fact ⁵⁵ that the charging device of a shaft furnace, comprising a receiving bin, with axially spaced upper and lower it hoppers, said locking device in the form of the outer and inner valve dispenser and lifting mechanism is provided with a gutter fastened with loading side to the inclined surface external valve.

Наружный icnanaH снабжен входящими в горловину верхней загрузочной воронки центрирующими элементами, выполненными в виде вертикальных стоек, равномерно прикрепленных по периметру его основания.External icnanaH is equipped with centering elements included in the neck of the upper feed funnel, made in the form of vertical posts evenly attached around the perimeter of its base.

На фиг. 1 изображено предлагаемое устройство, общий вид; на фиг. 2 разрез А-А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a General view; in FIG. 2, section AA in FIG. 1.

Загрузочное устройство состоит из верхней 1 и нижней 2 загрузочных вороник, прикрепленных к цилиндрической обечайке 3. В совокупности они образуют приемный бункер, который внизу оканчивается загрузочной горловиной 4. Во избежание подсоса воздуха в печь горловина 4 закрыта запорным устройством, выполненным в виг ,Де наружного клапана 5 с выступом 6, в котором заключен внутренний клапан 7 с выступом 8. К наклонной поверх· ности наружного клапана 5 со стороны загрузки прикреплен, по крайней мере один желоб 9 с шириной,равной 0,50,7 диаметра наружного клапана 5. Кроме того, последний снабжен центрирующими элементами 10, выполненными в виде вертикальных стоек, прикрепленных по периметру основания под углом 120° друг.к другу, входящих в горловину 11 верхней загрузочной воронки 1. Центрирующие элементы 10 соединены между собой поперечинами 12. К нижней загрузочной воронке 2 с помощью, например, тяги 13 жестко крепится распределительное устройство 14, выполненное в виде конуса-рассекателя. Наружный клапан 5 соединен с механизмом 15 подъема.The loading device consists of the upper 1 and lower 2 loading funnels attached to the cylindrical shell 3. Together they form a receiving hopper, which at the bottom ends with the loading neck 4. In order to avoid air leakage into the furnace, the neck 4 is closed by a locking device made in the outer valve 5 with a protrusion 6, in which an internal valve 7 with a protrusion is enclosed 8. At least one trough 9 with a width equal to 0.50.7 of the diameter of the outer is attached to the inclined surface of the external valve 5 from the loading side valve 5. In addition, the latter is equipped with centering elements 10, made in the form of vertical posts, attached along the perimeter of the base at an angle of 120 ° to each other, included in the neck 11 of the upper feed hopper 1. The centering elements 10 are interconnected by cross members 12. K the lower loading funnel 2 using, for example, traction 13 is rigidly mounted switchgear 14, made in the form of a cone-divider. The outer valve 5 is connected to the lifting mechanism 15.

Загрузочное устройство работает следующим образом.The boot device operates as follows.

Шихта, высыпаемая из скипа, попадает в верхнюю загрузочную воронку 1. Часть шихты с помощью желоба. 9 направляется в нижнюю воронку 2 противоположно загрузке, оставшаяся часть располагается в нижней воронке 2 вокруг наружного клапана 5 со стороны загрузки. Для загрузки шихты в печь поднимают сначала наружный клапан 5, который с помощью элементов 10 центрируется в горловине 11 верхней заколени .The mixture, poured from the skip, falls into the upper loading funnel 1. Part of the mixture using the trough. 9 is directed to the lower funnel 2 opposite to the load, the remaining part is located in the lower funnel 2 around the external valve 5 from the loading side. To load the mixture into the furnace, the external valve 5 is first raised, which, with the help of the elements 10, is centered in the neck 11 of the upper bar.

грузочной воронки' 1. В процессе подъема наружный клапан 5 перекрывает горловину 1. При этом его выступы 6 цепляют за выступы 8 внутреннего клапана 7 и поднимает его, Шихта из воронки через горловину 4 попадает на распределительное устройство 14, торое распределяет ее по сечениюload funnel '1. In the process of lifting, the outer valve 5 closes the neck 1. At the same time, its protrusions 6 hook onto the protrusions 8 of the internal valve 7 and lifts it;

После загрузки шихты запорное устройство опускают; сначала на воронку 4 (Опускают клапан 7, а затем клапан 5. Предлагаемое загрузочное устройство обеспечивает надёжность в работе за счет исключения механизма поворота, что приводит к сокращению <5 простоев печи и соответственно увеличению ее производительности.After loading the mixture, the locking device is lowered; first, to the funnel 4 (Lower the valve 7, and then the valve 5. The proposed loading device provides reliability in operation by eliminating the rotation mechanism, which leads to a reduction of <5 downtime of the furnace and, accordingly, increase its productivity.

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Claims

The invention relates to the charging devices of the shaft furnaces, working under discharging, and can be used in the chemical, metallurgical and construction sectors of the industry. The main condition for obtaining uniformly calcined lime in the furnace at the lowest consumable ratios is maintaining a uniform temperature field across the furnace cross section. When carbonaceous feedstock and fuel or carbonate feedstock are loaded into a shaft furnace, individual pieces of material are arranged in a cross section of the furnace in one way or another, depending on the grain size of the charge and the design of the charging device. A charging device for a shaft furnace is known, which contains upper and lower loading funnels with intermediate capacity, a locking member, a distributor made in the form of a rotary chute with baffle plates, and mechanisms for their lifting and turning. The rotation of the distribution body around the axis allows to eliminate the segregation of the charge over the cross section of the furnace Cl. However, the device has a significant drawback, which is the presence of rotating parts of the turning mechanism. . Due to the severe operating conditions of the device (large shock loads when loading the charge, high temperature, sticking of pieces of material, especially in the winter period, jamming of its individual parts, especially in the turn mechanism, is observed, which causes unreliability of its operation. In addition, intermediate capacity requires an increase in the total height of the furnace, which leads to an unjustified increase in capital expenditures. The closest in technical Essence to the proposed is the charging device of the shaft furnace, a holding cylindrical receiving hopper with coaxially located upper and lower feed funnels, a locking member consisting of an outer bell-shaped valve and an inner valve made in the form of a cup, a distributor, mechanisms for lifting and turning them. The upper plane of the bell-shaped valve is tilted at an angle and in the upper part it is equipped with a breakaway trump, a lump covering 6/10 of its perimeter, 1B the device eliminates segregation in the lower hopper of the funnel and. no intermediate tank 2}. The disadvantage of the device remains the unreliability of its work, due to the presence of the rotation mechanism. Recently, peripheral loading of the raw material into the shaft furnace is preferred. When burning in a blast furnace of liquid fuel, the carrier of heat is gas flow, the speed of which at the shaft of mine is 50 higher than in its middle despite the raw material loading of a given granulometric composition, the lowering rate of the mixture at the walls is 20-30 lower than in the central part of the charge. Therefore, it is necessary to load the charge in such a way that the gas flow rate increases in the center of the shaft and decreases in the near-wall zone. This can be achieved by using a load device that directs larger pieces of raw material into the middle of the mine, and the fines fraction to the wall. The simplest and most reliable in operation is a large cone-splitter, which throws the charge into the peripheral ring. In this case, a crest is formed near the walls of the furnace, and a funnel is formed in the central part, which leads to segregation of the pieces due to the difference in the angles of the natural slope. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of work. The goal is achieved by the fact that the charging device of the shaft furnace, containing the receiving hopper, with coaxially arranged upper and lower loading funnels, the locking device in the form of outer and inner valves, switchgear and lifting mechanism, is provided with a chute fixed on the loading side on the inclined surface of the outer valve. The outer one (the spapan is equipped with centering elements entering the throat of the upper feed funnel, made in the form of vertical posts evenly attached along the perimeter of its base. Fig. 1 shows the proposed device, general view; Fig. 2 section A-A in Fig. 1 The loading device consists of the upper 1 and lower 2 loading hoppers, attached to the cylindrical shell 3. In aggregate, they form a receiving hopper, which ends at the bottom with a loading neck k. To avoid air leaking into the furnace k is closed by a locking device made in the outer outer valve 5 with a protrusion 6, which contains the internal valve 7 with the protrusion 8. At least one groove 9 with a width equal to 0.5 is attached to the inclined surface of the external valve 5 on the loading side 0.7 diameters of the outer valve 5. In addition, the latter is provided with centering elements 10, made in the form of vertical posts attached around the perimeter of the base at an angle of 120 to each other, entering the neck 11 of the upper feed funnel 1. Centering elements 10 are connected m a forward cross-members 12. To the bottom hopper 2 via, for example, rods 13 are rigidly attached the dispenser 1, configured as a cone-splitter. The outer valve 5 is connected to the lifting mechanism 15. The boot device operates as follows. The mixture, poured out of the skip, falls into the upper hopper 1. Part of the mixture using the gutter. 9 is directed to the lower eoronka 2 oppositely to the loading, the remaining part is located in the lower funnel 2 around the outer valve 5 on the loading side. To load the charge into the furnace, the outer valve 5 is first raised, which with the help of elements 10 is centered in the throat 11 of the upper feed funnel 1. In the process of raising the outer valve 5, it closes the throat 1. At the same time, its projections 6 cling to the projections 8 of the internal valve 7 and raises it. The charge from the funnel through the neck k goes to the switchgear 1, which distributes it across the furnace section. After the charge is loaded, the locking device is lowered first to the funnel k, the valve 7 is released and then the valve 5. The proposed loading device ensures reliability by eliminating the turning mechanism , which leads to a reduction in furnace downtime and, accordingly, an increase in its productivity. Claim 1. Charging device of a shaft furnace, containing a receiving hopper with coaxially located upper and lower hoppers, locking

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one.

Fig.1 shows a device in the form of an external and internal valve, a switchgear and a lifting mechanism, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of operation, it has a chute fixed from a loading zone to an inclined surface of the external valve. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the outer valve is provided with centering elements entering the throat of the upper feed funnel, made in the form of vertical racks, uniformly attached along the perimeter of its base. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1.Monastyrev L.V. and other kilns for the production of lime. M., Metallurgists, 1979, p. 26-29.

2. USSR author's certificate If i 06092, cl. F 27 V 1/20. 1971.