SU946485A1 - Method of producing plant growth stimulant of peat - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to methods for producing substances that stimulate poet plants.

A known method for producing a plant growth stimulator from peat, including oxidation of a water-alkaline suspension of peat with air oxygen in an aqueous alkaline medium at 105–1 ° C, pressures of 5–10 atm for 0.5–2.0 h 1.

However, this method involves harsh conditions — high temperatures and pressures, which requires special equipment and complicates the process as a whole.

There is also known a method for producing a plant growth stimulator from peat, which includes oxidizing a water-alkaline suspension of peat with ozonized air 2 J,

However, in the known method, the values of time and temperature parameters at which the maximum yield of physiologically active substances occurs are not specified.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of physiologically active substances.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the oxidation is carried out by ozonized

air with an ozone content of 4–5% at 10–20 ° C for 15–80 min.

Peat of a wide range of humidity and degree of decomposition, of different botanical composition is mixed with an aqueous solution of alkali in the ratio of peat: alkali: 0.1: 10-20. The resulting pH 7 slurry is oxidized in a reactor equipped with a bubbler,

10 feeding an ozone-air mixture with an ozone content of 4% under the following conditions: temperature 10–20 ° C, duration 15–80 minutes. Ozone, which has a high oxidative potential (much greater than ordinary oxygen), can destroy many organic substances that ordinary oxygen does not affect. In the interaction of ozone with

20 carbohydrates, humic substances, lignin and bitumens contained in peat are deeply oxidatively decomposed to form water-soluble in the alkaline environment

25 organic acids in the form of salts with the properties of physiological activity.

The use of ozone as the main oxidant makes it possible to achieve the developed degradation of the high molecular weight components of the organic matter of peat and to obtain lower molecular weight soluble substances which are physiologically active components. And mild temperature conditions at the same time allow the reaction directivity to be created, using ozone as an oxidizing agent, specific selectivity, expressed in a preferential attack at the site of the double bond. . Low temperature conditions also exclude the destruction of low molecular weight substances of the initial complex, which determines the high physiological activity of the resulting preparations, oxygenates. The latter makes it possible to use a non-stop process scheme using the entire reaction mass as the final product. In addition, the high oxidative capacity of ozone allows the processing of peat of any degree of metamorphism. At the end of the oxidation process, the reaction mass is discharged, diluted with water to a predetermined concentration. From 0.01 to 0.0001%, depending on the use for different cultures. To obtain a more transportable product, the reaction mass is filtered, the filtrate is acidified to a pH of 1.2-2.0. The precipitated crystals of organic acids are washed to pH 6.5-7.0 and they are heated to a moisture content of 20–25% at 50 ° C. The products of peat oxidation by ozone consist of a mixture of water-soluble organic acids with physiological activity. IR spectroscopic data indicate the saturation of these substances with oxygen-containing functional groups - carboxyl (COOH) and hydroxyl (he), which are characterized by pronounced, physiological activity. The results of the analyzes and the most recent tests showed that the physiological activity depends on the ratio of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups and the maximum value of their ratio coincides with the maximum physiological activity of the preparation. Example 1. 200 g of dry, finely-chopped upland orff is mixed with 2 liters of 0.2N. caustic soda solution; . peat: alkali: water ratio 1: 0.1: 10. The suspension is subjected to oxidation by an ozone-air mixture with a flow rate of 2.8 l / min with an ozone content in the blast of 4%, at 10–20 ° C in a YI flow rate of 15–80 minutes. The effect of the duration of oxidation on the yield of physiologically active substances is given in Table. 1, the effect of the oxidation temperature is given in tab. 2.. As can be seen from the table. 1, the maximum yield of substances with physiological activity is observed with a duration of oxidation of 15 to 80 minutes. In this time interval, the organic matter of peat is deeply destructed with the formation of products of an acidic nature, as evidenced by the ratio of oxygen-containing carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups. The maximum content of active substances (56.1%) corresponds to the smallest ratio of these groups — 1.54 and the highest coefficient of physiological activity — 2.04 (Table 3). With an increase in the duration of the oxidation, the process is no longer characterized by the accumulation, but by the decomposition of an acidic substance, into a substance with a low molecular weight and a decrease in physiological activity (experiments 8-9). As can be seen from the table. 2, the maximum yield of organic substances with physiological activity is observed at 10-20 C. With an increase in temperature, the oxidation reaction slows down, due to the fact that with increasing temperature the decomposition of ozone is accelerated and its solubility decreases in the aqueous phase, t. e. decrease in its concentration. This, in turn, reduces the degree of destruction of the organic matter of peat and the yield of acidic products, as evidenced by the decrease in the ratio of carboxyl and hydroxy acid groups (experiments 1416) H. Experimental data of the proposed method of peat oxidation with ozone are presented in Table. 1 and 2 show that the maximum acid yield of 56.1% is observed at t and a duration of 5 minutes, and a yield of 54.3% at t. 15 C and a duration of 15 min. By biological tests, it was found that the physiological activity of the preparations obtained in this method, oxyhumats, is most pronounced in stimulating the development of the root system of plants, which ultimately has a beneficial effect on the whole cycle of plant development and thus improves the harvest. In the laboratory, under. The standard method was used for experiments on the germination of cucumber seeds (variety Kpinsky, multiple). Seeds are treated with a solution of a physiologically active preparation obtained with different oxidation regimes. The concentration of the drug is 0.01%. In the control experiment, the seeds (100 pcs.) Were treated with water. The repetition of the experience is 3 times.

The results of biometric measurements are given in table. 3

The action of the drug is expressed by the physiological active factor, determined from the expression:

TO

(m + v) 50

where m is the mass of roots,% of control, V is the volume of roots,% of control. The data table. 3 show that seeds treated with a stimulant medication produce sprouts with a greater mass and volume of roots. Optimal results were obtained in the following modes: temperature 10–20 ° C (experiment. You are 12–13) and the duration of oxide Lenin is 15–80 min (experiments 4–7). Preparations obtained with these regimens have the highest coefficient of physiological activity.

The experiments were repeated under production conditions.

The data of the production inspection confirmed the laboratory investigations, nor. The experiments were carried out on the treatment of the seeds of cucumber varieties Kineky multiplot with preparation of experiment 5, with a concentration of 0.01%. The yield increase was 18%. Experiments were also carried out on irrigation of seedlings under the root in the phase of flowering. Thus, the Moscow variety cucumbers gave a yield increase compared with a control of 31%, Revermun’s tomatoes — 17%. When watering with the cuttings of Exepre and Tsarevna Lebed’s chrysanthemums, their rooting increased by 12-20%.

Table 1

Note: temperature 15s, flow rate blow 2.8 l / min, the ozone content in the blast 4%. Table

25 30 40

14 15 16 Note:.

Continued table. 2

1.28 1.22 1.09 Duration of oxidation 25 min, flow rate 2.8 l / min, NaOH content in blast 4%. Table3

Claims (2)

Claim A method of obtaining a plant growth stimulator from peat, including the oxidation of a water-alkaline suspension of peat with ozonized air, characterized in that, with the aim of increasing the yield of physiologically active substances; oxidation is carried out with ozonized air with an ozone content of 4-5%. sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR copyright certificate No. 614782, cl. A 01 N 5/00, 1976. 2. USSR author's certificate No. 763309, cl. C 05 F 11/02, 1.975 ВНИИПИ Order 5381/4 Circulation 699 Subscription Branch of PPP Patent, Uzhhorod, st. Project, 4