SU945173A1 - Method for cultivating microorganisms - Google Patents

Abstract

<P> a. The microorganism culture is carried out here on hydrocarbons as carbon sources to obtain unicellular proteins. </ P> <P> b. As hydrocarbon fractions, higher boiling fractions are chosen than the fractions usually chosen for this purpose, the number of carbon atoms of which is at least 17 on average, and the residence time is prolonged. fermentation tank for at least 5 hours. </ P> <P> c. Biomass production is higher with lower energy consumption and better use of hydrocarbon and oxygen. </ P>

Description

1. The invention relates to methods for cultivating microorganisms on straight chain hydrocarbons, in particular the cultivation of microorganisms with oxygen uptake, while microorganisms are cultivated to produce the simplest proteins. For feeding purposes or also for feeding people. This invention relates to technical microbiology and can be used in installations in which proteins are produced from hydrocarbons. In industrial use of the method, along with product quality, the economics of the method play a decisive role, with the following main objectives being sought: A high degree of utilization of the hydrocarbon source used for the synthesis of cellular matter. The high degree of utilization of the oxygen supplied for the synthesis of cellular matter, since 51l of dispersion of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas must consume energy, and the absorption of oxygen also leads to carbon loss. If the biomass of the daughter plant is processed into feeding or feeding products, it tends to have a high content of protein basis and. advantageous utilization of consumed nitrogen for an easily digestible protein, so that, for example, the nitrogen content in the nucleic acid is kept as low as possible ..... Achieving a high bioenergy in the fermenter to reduce processing costs .. Developed fermenters with high aeration and high nitrogen conversion, e.g., flow-fed fermenters (economic patent 111 144). To improve metabolism with oxygen from the air in the fermentation medium. presumably use of surfactants (the above description of the invention to its application 1 442 296) ..,. A large number of different microorganisms have been researched and proposed in accordance with their various specific characteristics of productivity and qualities.

Various substances are also proposed as stimulators of growth and quality (laid out description of the invention to non-accepted application 470 490), laid out description of the invention to non-accepted application 1 470 507, economic patent GDR 50 543 and laid out description of the invention to non-accepted application 2 043 206 ).

The use of a carbon source with a preferred C 10-14 number for fermentation on i-paraffins in the logarithmic growth of yeast cells is between 0.08 and 0.10 weight. including culture suspension (patent of the exclusive right of the GDR 113,927).

The microorganisms used have significant reserves in relation to the use of consumed carbon, oxygen, and also nitrogen in favor of the desired pure protein. The purpose of the invention is to increase the economics of the method of cultivating microorganisms on straight chain hydrocarbons, due to the better use of microorganisms, as well as creating such conditions of the method so that the optimum maturation factor of microorganism cells is achieved.

The composition of n-paraffins in terms of the characteristics of the hydrocarbon feedstock used, in connection with certain conditions of the process, has a significant influence on the coefficient of maturation of microbial cells, as well as on product quality.

For the cultivation of microorganisms, the carbon source precursors are used as they are fed to refined purification.

On the other hand, the l-paraffin-containing hydrocarbon fractions are used so that, after microbiological dewaxing, they satisfy the intended purpose of the application. The relationship between the maturation of microbial cells, the quality of the final protein product relative to the initial fraction and the fermentation conditions is still not known.

Instead of the well-known initial fractions of the boiling position of 200300 ° C, certain sections of n-paraffins or &quot; paraffin-containing hydrocarbon mixtures of higher boiling levels are used and, accordingly, the conditions of the most favorable cultivation result are selected, and the resultant improvement in specific oxygen consumption of carbon is achieved and nitrogen in favor of pure protein. .

A high concentration of biomass is achieved if the used sections of i-paraffins or n-paraffin-containing mixtures have an initial boiling point higher than 60-120 ° C, especially 80-100 ° C, i.e. a higher number of C n-paraffins is needed, simultaneously narrowing the range of C.

This value is achieved if at least 70% of the used straight chain hydrocarbons have a number C greater than 15.

The duration of the contact of the fermentation mixture with microorganisms (carbon source), aqueous solution of nutrient

the substances in the fermenter should not be reduced below a certain limit value. This limit value is about 1-2 hours more than would be possible according to the natural growth rate.

microorganisms under the conditions of hydrocarbon fermentation, and is still used in well-known plants.

With the introduction of normal mixtures set the shortest possible reaction time,.

to avoid a high degree of uptake of the used carbon source and oxygen supply with a longer reaction time. This short reaction time is disadvantageous because it can lead to incomplete cell maturation. The differences in the biological general course of the reaction of the synthesis of cellular substances using the proposed method are of an extremely complex nature.

In general, this difference results in the resulting advantages, that when synthesizing cellular matter from longer whole-paraffin chains, little energy and metabolic products are given out of the cell, and that with a higher optimum response time, the best maturation of cells is possible, for example, in cells with a higher maturation rate, a more favorable ratio of cell plasma to other cells, so that in the cell nucleus the bound nonabsorbable nitrogen compounds are relatively reduced.

Obviously, less oxygen, carbon and nitrogen are consumed for metabolic products and non-digestible nitrogen compounds, with a higher degree of absorption

with an extended reaction time, the benefits to the beneficiaries are more than compensated or at least compensated.

Thus, it is possible to achieve an optimal coefficient of cell maturation of microorganisms for protein production under favorable economic conditions.

The advantage of using a higher cut field is in such a way that, when fermentation with oxygen absorption, the natural loss of hydrocarbons during evaporation is reduced by almost half. 5 If we consider the proposed method in connection with the processing of products from mineral oils or at a refinery or petrochemical plant, we can obtain a number of advantages regarding the economical use of the components of heavy oil fractions to obtain proteins and also in such a form that The components used can then be used economically or advantageously used by the public. Two variants of the method are presented when used as a cultivated culture Candida guillerm ondii. The use of Candidaguilliermondii should be taken as an example and not as a limitation. Fundamental tendencies have a proven thermodynamic method for all microorganisms that can be used to synthesize cellular matter (mainly k-paraffins. Example 1. In an experimental fermenter with a 500 l blender boiler equipped with all used dp continuous microorganism growth with oxygen absorption by the devices and the necessary measuring equipment, Candida guillermondii is grown on purified n-paraffins - under the following conditions: Start of boiling of the "paraffin fraction, C; End of bales «“ paraffin fraction, ° C Average 1 slice of C n-paraffin Fermentation mixture in the fermenter, kg Duration of the fermentation mixture reaction, h P9 dosage with the appropriate nutrient solution was maintained, mg / l: 100-155 200-300 50-100 60-90 10-15 20-30 3-6 3 .5-7 Specific degree of blowing 70 l air / kg of fermentation mixture, specific feed power 10 W / kg of the fermentation mixture through the blender (net). The experiment lasted for about 10 days, and the biomass was cleaned and dried for analysis and department for the corresponding experiment, and the following results were achieved (column 2). In tab. 1 are given for comparison the results of conventional fermentation with a mixture of c-paraffins at a boiling level of 200-380 ° C and a total reaction time of 4 hours. PRI mme R 2. At the experimental station according to example 1, Sap dida guilliermondii was continuously grown. The degree of blowing 70 liters of air / kg of the fermentation mixture, the specific power supply through the broomstick 8 W / kg of the fermentation mixture. The concentration of nutrients and microelements was maintained analogously to example 1. Temperature, C33 pH4.2 Reaction duration, h7 Used gas oil extracted from oil at a boiling level of 295-370 °, which contains 20.1% by weight of i-paraffins with an average С-Ci8 in the range, the concentration of gas oil in the fermentation medium is 26.5%. Olyt is spent 8 days. After fermentation, the unspent gas oil is separated by means of a continuously operating disk separator. The highly gas-free yeast slurry was dried. then extracted in separate portions with an organic solvent mixture (benzium isopropanol), dried and analyzed accordingly. The following results were obtained (column 2). In column 1, dp is given to compare the results of a known method with gas oil at a boiling level of 230-350 ° C (Table 2). The reaction time is 4 hours. The concentration of gas oil is 14% with an i-paraffin content in the purified gas oil of 19.8%. The average number C in the particulate gas oil containing paraffin is Ci5 in the Cd-Cjj range.

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Indicators of biomass concentration, g / kg

Biomass yield, kg / h

Specific oxygen consumption, kg Og / kg high-temperature

Table 1

I

2

1 40 17.0

1.01

0.85

Claims (1)

The invention of the method of cultivating microorganisms on straight chain hydrocarbons for half-protein single-celled organisms by improved maturation of microbial cells, which is due to the fact that the m-paraffin used or the fraction containing n-paraffins, compared to the fractions still used so far, The initial boiling point of 200-380 ° C has, at 60-120 ° C, especially 80lOOC, the highest initial boiling point and, thus, the highest average number of carbon atoms - paraffs (not less than 17), and the range of carbon atoms is limited so that at least 70% of the used straight chain hydrocarbons have more than 15 carbon atoms and the duration of exposure 994517310 fermentation mixture consisting of micro-recognized invention by the results of ex organisms, carbon source, aquatic piperisation, carried out by the Office on the environment, in the fermenter constitute the non-refusal of the German Democratic less than 5 h. Republic.