SU929840A1 - Method for open-cast mining of mineral depositis - Google Patents

Description

 The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the extraction of open-pit minerals in fields with upland and secondary topography of the quarry floor or in fields located at a considerable depth.

A method of open-cast mining of mineral deposits that is widely used in practice is known, including the driving of a haulage trench, cutting of ledges on the working board of a quarry, drilling and blasting of ledges, loading and transportation of blasted mass from each ledge (11.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to create working platforms on the ledges of such a width so that not only the drilling equipment can work properly, but also loading and transport mechanisms for the longitudinal movement of the blasted mass. An increase in the width of the working sites reduces the slope angle of the working side of the pit, which, in turn, entails an increase in the stripping coefficient in the period to be opened and in the initial period

exploitation, especially in mountain and sopochnyh deposits or deposits, occurring at a considerable depth.

There is also known a method of open-cast mining of mineral deposits, including the driving of a haulage trench, cutting of ledges on the working board of the quarry, their development, loading and transportation of rock mass 2.

. In this method, the disadvantage is that with an increase in the number of simultaneously processed

15 ledges over two, the volume of transshipment of rock mass increases dramatically, and the height of the ledges completely depends on the technical pargilletres of the loading equipment, resulting in an angle

20 slope of the working board of the quarry may not exceed 24-25.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the angle of slope of the working side of the pit by eliminating loading and

25 transport works on the ledges.

The goal is achieved by the development of ledges by simultaneous blasting and collapsing a block of ledges into a rolling trench, with

The trench is made with an avalanche trap.

Fig, 1 shows a pit, general view; in fig. 2 - the same plan view; in fig. 3 through 5 are possible uses of the invention.

Open pit open with a trench 1, serving as a stripping and hauling. At the working boron of the open-pit mine, the ledges 2 are cut for production of blasting and cleaning operations.

FIG. 1 shows the dashed line c angle of repose of the working side of the open pit with the known technology of work and the angle according to the proposed technology. On one flank trenches 1 are mastered and blown up the ledges 3 that opened the ore, on the other flange, 4 ledges (FIG. 2). The bulk of the rock mass under the action of the explosion energy and gravitational forces collapses into the haulage trench 1. The rock mass remaining after the explosion at the working sites is dumped into trench 1 using bulldozers, loaders or excavators.

The rock mass accumulated in trenches, excavators or other loading equipment is loaded onto road, rail or other means of transport and sent to unloading sites. After cleaning the trench 1, the ore and rock flanks are swapped, respectively, the direction of transport changes (Fig. 2).

Depending on the type of the deposit, the topography of the quarry floor and the location of the waste dumps, the quarry can be mined using one or more haulage trenches located at different elevations.

In order to ensure uniform advancement of the front and independent work on the upper haulage trenches x 1, while cleaning them, part of the rock mass on the side of the haul edge is left, thereby forming

5c

avalanche trap

trench

temporary avalanche b in the form of a shaft of rock mass.

The loading of the rock mass, collapsed into the temporary avalanche trap 5, is carried out in two steps: from the edge of the haulage ledge and from the side of the working side, leaving an avalanche breaker in the new position between the steps.

The proposed development method can be used both independently and in combination with known mining methods (Fig. 5).

The parameters of trench 1 and avalanche traps 5 should be chosen in such a way that their capacity is not less than 1.5 volumes of simultaneously exploded rock mass in

loosened condition. The height of the avalanche b must be at least the calculated height of the collapse of the rock mass.

This method allows concentrating mountain mass with a practically unlimited number of ledges, the height of which is limited only by the parameters of the drilling equipment.

Increasing the height of the ledges and reducing the width of the working platforms on the ledges makes it possible to significantly increase the slope angle of the working pit side, limiting it only to the stability of the rocks that make up the arrays and the requirements of safety engineering

Claims (2)

1. Novozhilov M.G. Mining and geometric analysis and mining regime of quarries. Kiev, Naukova DumkaJ 1971, p. 89 2. Tomakov PI and others. To find reserves to increase the efficiency of mining at cuts.-Mining e coal open method, 1978, № 1, p. 3 (prototype). .