SU920971A1 - Pulse generator - Google Patents

Description

() PULSE GENERATOR

Claims (2)

. . I. ; The device relates to automation and can be used in systems that convert the angle of rotation of the shaft into an electrical signal in the form of unipolar pulses. The designs of inductor pulse generators are known. However, the use of such generators in automation is difficult because the useful signal from their output can be obtained only with a frequency of their rotation more than 50-100 rpm. A device for producing electrical pulses in ignition systems of an internal combustion engine is known, consisting of an inductor generator, a magnetic clamp, a spring, and a mechanical clutch with a free stroke, while the clamp, as well as the generator, contains a gear stator and a rotor with excitation from a permanent magnet. The fixed position of the retainer is the moment of coincidence of the teeth of the stator and the rotor. With the shaft, the retainer and the alternator are coupled with one-way free-wheel couplings and a coil spring. Electrical pulses are generated in the generator coils from the pulsation of its magnetic field due to the rotor teeth passing under the stator teeth. The device rotates the shaft in the process of sampling the free running of the coupling, tightening the springs, the ends of which are connected to the input and output of the coupling. The generator shaft is initially kept from rotating by the locking torque of the lock. As soon as the free travel of the coupling is selected, the locking rotor is displaced from a stable position and, under the action of a spring, jerks to the next stable position. As a result, the voltage pulse in the generator coils is higher than could be achieved at a given low speed of rotation. Thus, the useful signal from the device can be obtained 3 at a rotational speed of less than 1 rpm C2. . . A disadvantage of the known devices in use, it is in automatic automation one-way rotation. In addition, the shape of its pulses in the form of alternating voltage makes it difficult to use it in automatics with alternating alternating rotation. These drawbacks are a consequence of the device of the clutch with a spring, the character of the movement of the rotor of the retainer and the device of the generator. The movement of the generator rotor from one stable position to the other corresponds to the tooth pitch. During this movement, accelerated by the spreading spring, the generator rotor teeth rotate from the position between the stato teeth to the next similar position. During the movement of the rotor, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnets of the generator changes It is from minimum to maximum and again to minimum. During the increase in the flux, the polarity of its pulse is of opposite sign than during its decrease. If we allow the rotor of the known device to move (rotate) to the opposite ||, then the shape and size of the output pulse will be the same in general cases, which excludes the possibility of determining the direction of rotation by the nature of the generator pulses. The purpose of the invention is to obtain amplitude-constant pulses whose polarity depends on the direction of rotation. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a pulse generator containing an inductor generator with teeth on the stator and rotor, a magnetic lock with teeth on the stator and roto-45 re, 1 number of teeth of the rotor is equal to the number of teeth of the rotor of the generator, and a mechanical coupling with a free stroke, the coupling is made with a free stroke equal to a quarter of the teeth division, and the inductor indicator is made two-packet, with the stator teeth of the first package being shifted circumferentially relative to the teeth of the locking mechanism by the tooth-55 cent. plus a quarter of the teeth division, the stator teeth of the second packet are shifted circumferentially relative to 14 14, relative to the stator teeth of the retainer by the shear angle of the teeth of their rotors minus a quarter of the teeth division, and the windings of the generator packages are oppo nent. The voltage pulses result from yCKOpei HOro rotation the generator shaft within the free stroke of the mechanical clutch under the action of the moment developed by the magnetic retainer (in the known generator the moment is created by the spring). Fig, 1 shows a pulse generator, a longitudinal section; on Fig.2 magnetic latch, cross section; in fig. 3. - pack-ety inductor generator, cross-section; in fig. 5 and 6 show a change in the variable component of the magnetic flux of the first and second packages of the inductor generator as a function of the angle of rotation of the rotor; in fig. 7 and 8 - EMF a with the first and second packs of the inductor generator as a function of the angle of rotation of the input shaft when rotating clockwise and against it; in fig. 9 mechanical coupling, cross-section .. Pulse generator Sfig. -1) consists of two packages 1 and 2 of an inductor generator, a magnetic latch 3 and a mechanical clutch 4. A single chain of generators 1 and 2 and latch 3 consists {Fig. 2-) from stators 5, rotors 6, permanent magnets 7. Generator magnets are covered by signal coils 8, the outputs of which are connected oppositely in a series circuit. The pronounced teeth of the stators 5 and the rotors 6 have the same angular step along the bore. The teeth of the rotors 6 are distributed around the entire circumference, and the teeth of the stators 5 occupy only part of the bore, forming a tooth zone. In general, the stator teeth of the first generator packet are circumferentially offset with respect to the stator teeth of the retainer by the shear angle of the teeth of their rotors plus a quarter of the teeth division, and the stator teeth of the second generator pack are circumferentially offset with respect to the teeth of the stator, the retainer by the shear angle of the teeth of their rotors minus a quarter of the teeth division. In the particular case (Fig. 2-4), if the angular position of the teeth of the generator and latch stators packages coincides. The teeth of the generator rotors are shifted circumferentially relative to the teeth of the rotor of the retainer by a quarter of the teeth of the shaft in different directions (Fig, 2-k). The shaft 9, with its slot 10, enters the slot of the shaft 11. The slot and protruding dimensions of the shaft 11 ensure free movement of the shaft 9 relative to the shaft 1 by an angle equal to a quarter of the tooth pitch. The device works as follows. The teeth of the rotor and the stator of the retainer (FIG. 2) coincide, and the shaft 11 begins to rotate clockwise. If the mechanical clutch is not selected, then when the shaft 11 rotates a maximum of a quarter of the toothed division (clutch free stroke), the shaft 11 with its slot, engages with the slot 10 of the shaft 9 and begins to rotate with 8 same direction At the same time, the torque from the magnetic engagement of the teeth of the retainer 3 counteracts the rotation and ensures the engagement of the shafts, 9 and 11 through the coupling..: After turning the retainer rotor at an angle equal to half of the tooth pitch, the magnetic retainer moment between the rotor and the stator changes the sign and the shaft 9 under the action of this moment, freely accelerating, turn the vehicle to an angle equal to a quarter of the teeth division (the amount of free movement of the coupling) and stop after the free running ends. After that, the shaft 9 continues to rotate synchronously with the shaft 11. However, in this case the moment of magnetic engagement of the claw teeth will agree with the direction of rotation. When the stator teeth coincide with the clamp rotor, the shaft 9 stops and is fixed by engaging the claw teeth until until shaft 11 rotates by an angle,. equal to the free running of the coupling. From this point on, the considered cycle of motion repeats. As a result, in one cycle, corresponding to the rotation of the shaft 11 at an angle equal to the tooth pitch, the shaft 9 is sequentially in three states: stationary, synchronous forced movement with the speed of the shaft 11, free-accelerated movement in the interval of the angle of 0.25. During the movement of the shaft 9, the flux of magnets 7 of two generator packets 1 and 2 is curved (Figs. 5 and 6). At the same time, EMFs induce emf proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux of magnets 7. The accelerated motion of the shaft is much faster than the speed of its synchronous rotation. . Consider the nature of EMF induction in coils 8 only when the shaft 9 is accelerated. At the beginning of this movement, the variable component of the magnet flux of the first generator package (Fig. 3 and 5) corresponds (Fig. 5) to the angle value, at the end of the motion to the angle value. For these times, the variable flux component of the magnet of the second generator packet (Fig. K and 6) corresponds to the angle value (Fig. 6). As a result of changes in the flux of magnets 7 in the coils 8. Both generator packets are induced by EMF, in the first generator packet. as a result of the increase in the magnetic flux, the emf has the form of a small positive pulse (fig, 7) in the second generator package as a result of a decrease in the flux emf has a large negative pulse (fig, 8), the emf in packets; generators differ in size due to different increments of the magnetic flux. Counter insertion of the coil pins of two packets allows one to add up their emf and to get a total value at the output. . : Consider the rotation of the shaft in the opposite direction. In this case, the accelerated rotation of the shaft (Fig. 5, 6) corresponds to the angles (beginning) and (end). The flow of magitite of the first generator packet is now reduced, the second one increases. As a result, the EMF in the windings of these packages changes sign (Figs. 7 and 8) J changes the sign and the sum of these EMFs. The magnitude of the EMF pulse in the windings of Each generator package due to the difference in magnet flux increment (Fig. 5 and $) depends from the direction of rotation. However, as a result of the addition of the EMF (Figs. 7 and 8) of the two packets at the output, when the direction of rotation is changed, constant pulses are obtained. So . As the polarity of the pulses of each generator package varies as a function of the direction of rotation, then at the output of the inductor generator the sign of the EMF changes the same depending on the direction of rotation of the shaft 11.. Thus, as a result of the introduction of new design features, the proposed generator produces pulses of one polarity with one direction of rotation and the other polarity when the direction of rotation changes. While a known generator could produce the same alternating pulses in the right and left direction of rotation. The generator produces a pulse when its shaft rotates by an angle equal to the tooth pitch, and can therefore EXECUTE the functions of the pulse shaft position sensor. The proposed generator, in contrast to the known, allows to obtain information on the direction of rotation of the input shaft, which in turn allows the creation of a revsivny synchronous angle transmission (.g. Shaft). In this transmission, the shaft position sensor (inductor generator) does not consume energy in the coordinated position and electrical energy in the operating mode. Marked new positive qualities of the proposed generator and pulses favorably distinguish it. from known generators, therefore, it can be widely used in automatic control systems for converting an angle of rotation of a shaft of 7V to an electrical signal in the form of unipolar pulses. Claims A pulse generator comprising an inductor generator with teeth on a stator and a rotor, a magnetic lock with teeth on a stator and a rotor, the number of which teeth of a rotor are equal to the number of teeth of the rotor of the generator, and a mechanical coupling with a free stroke, characterized in that In order to obtain constant amplitudes of pulses, the polarity of which depends on the direction of rotation, the mechanical coupling is made with a free stroke equal to a quarter of the teeth division, the inductor generator is made two-packet, while the teeth with The first packet is shifted circumferentially with respect to the stator teeth of the retainer by; the shifting angle of the teeth of their rotors plus a quarter of dentate division; the stator teeth of the second packet are shifted circumferentially with respect to the teeth of the stator retainer by the shift angle of the teeth of their rotors minus a quarter of the dentate division; . Sources. Information taken into account in the examination. 1, AlperN., Terz N A, A. Induction generators. M., Energie, 1970, 2. US patent number 3233128, l. 310-70, 1966. / 32  . Mtrfo 7/7