RU2579756C2 - Uzyakov(s synchronous magnetic reducing multiplier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used as reducers and step-up gears. Synchronous magnetic reduction gear, a multiplier with parallel, or intersecting, or crossing axes includes two salient-pole rotors on permanent magnets-high-speed and low-speed, three-element ferromagnetic core-stator with two internal cylindrical not crossing surfaces with teeth and housing made from nonmagnetic material. Rotors have an even number of poles-two and more, the rotor of low-speed shaft has a number of poles, in gear times larger than that of the high-rpm rotor. Inner cylindrical surface of the stator have the number of teeth multiple of three-three on each two rotor poles. Poles of one polarity of high-rpm rotor engaged with Poles the second polarity of low-speed rotor through one ferromagnetic element of the stator, and poles of the second polarity RPM rotor engaged with the first polarity poles of low-speed rotor through two ferromagnetic elements of the stator. In rotation engagement poles through one or two ferromagnetic elements stator alternately change.

EFFECT: improving specific characteristics.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and electrical engineering, it can be used as gearboxes - mechanisms for lowering angular velocity and increasing torque, and also as multipliers - mechanisms for increasing angular velocity with decreasing torque, with a gear ratio greater than, less than and equal to unity , in the usual version, as well as for energy transfer with a tight separation of the cavities of the drive and driven shafts.

A variety of magnetic gearboxes are known that operate on the principle of mechanical gearboxes - the direct interaction of the teeth of the driving gear with the teeth of the driven wheel, but through magnetic interaction. At the same time, kinematic characteristics are preserved that are similar to mechanical gearboxes (Ganzburg LB, Fedotov AI Design of electromagnetic and magnetic mechanisms. Reference book. - L .: Engineering, 1980).

A common disadvantage of the known devices is that the magnitude of the torques of the magnetic gears is much less than mechanical. In this connection, these mechanisms have not found wide practical application.

Closest to the physical nature of the invention is a three-phase synchronous electric motor with a rotor with permanent magnets, containing a shaft mounted on bearings, on which a rotor is mounted on permanent magnets with distinct magnetic poles and a stator with distinct poles, and the stator poles have three groups ( element) for three phases in which a rotating magnetic field is induced as a result of the passage of a three-phase alternating current through the windings wound around the stator poles. At a synchronous speed of rotation of the rotor with the stator field, the rotor poles are coupled with the rotating magnetic field of the stator (Volkov NI Electromechanical automation devices. Textbook for high schools. - M .: Higher school, 1986).

The disadvantage of this device is, by definition, the need to connect to an AC network, the complexity of starting and the inability to reduce mechanical energy.

The second, closest in technical essence to the invention, is a single-stage gearbox containing a high-speed shaft with a high-speed link - a gear, a low-speed shaft with a low-speed link - a gear, shaft bearings (bearings) and a housing (D. Reshetov. Machine parts. Textbook for universities. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974).

The disadvantages of the device include high precision manufacturing and failures associated with mechanical contact of the teeth in the engagement zone.

The third, closest in physical and technical nature to the invention (prototype), is a synchronous active multi-pole cylindrical coupling with an asterisk magnet (Ganzburg LB, Fedotov AI Design of electromagnetic and magnetic mechanisms. Reference book. - L .: Engineering, 1980). This coupling is usually made with the pronounced poles of both coupling halves. When the clutch is idling, there is no relative mixing of the coupling halves, there are only forces of their mutual attraction acting radially. When a driving moment and a resistance moment are applied, a mismatch of the poles of the coupling halves occurs, a change in the magnetic conductivity of the gap, and redistribution of the magnetic flux in it. As a result of this, tangential forces arise, striving to return the system to its initial mutual position and reduce the angle of mismatch. As a result, during rotation of one coupling half, the second coupling half rotates synchronously.

The disadvantage of this device is that it allows you to implement only one gear ratio equal to one.

The objective of the invention is that, using the principles of operation of synchronous electric machines with permanent magnet rotors and synchronous active multi-pole cylindrical couplings with an asterisk magnet, create a device for converting mechanical energy parameters - a gear-multiplier for practical use in mechanical engineering.

The problem is solved in that the synchronous active magnetic gearboxes-multipliers Uzyakov with parallel, intersecting and intersecting axes contain two shafts mounted on bearings - high-speed and low-speed, on which rotors are mounted on permanent magnets with distinct poles, a three-element ferromagnetic magnetic circuit - a stator having two cylindrical non-intersecting internal surfaces with teeth and a housing made of non-magnetic material. The rotor of the high-speed shaft has an even number of poles - two or more. The low-speed shaft rotor also has an even number of poles - two or more, the gear ratio is times greater than that of a high-speed rotor. The inner cylindrical surface of the stator, in which the high-speed rotor is installed, has a number of teeth, a multiple of three - three for every two poles of the high-speed rotor, and the inner cylindrical surface of the stator, in which the slow-moving rotor is installed, also has the number of teeth, a multiple of three - three per every two poles of a low-speed rotor. Between the rotors and the stator there is a main air gap of the smallest possible size. The gap between the stator elements is at least ten times larger than the main air gap. The magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets of the high-speed rotor closes with the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets of the slow-moving rotor through a three-element ferromagnetic magnetic circuit - the stator.

The rotation of any of the rotors leads to the appearance of a rotating magnetic field in the inner cylindrical surfaces of the stator with teeth. The second rotor at the same time rotates so that the angle of mismatch of its poles and magnetic field in the teeth of the stator is minimal. When the resistance moment is applied, there is a mismatch of the rotor axis and stator magnetic field, a change in the magnetic conductivity of the air gaps and a redistribution of magnetic fluxes in them. As a result, tangential forces arise that tend to reduce the angle of mismatch. The resulting tangential moment in the air gaps of all the rotor poles, the invention is similar to the moment of a synchronous active multi-pole cylindrical coupling with an asterisk magnet, will be greater than the moment that occurs when the magnetic flux closes through one or two ferromagnetic teeth, as in most known magnetic gears, thanks to which the transmitted torques will be greater at the same overall weight and weight indicators.

The elements of the magnetic circuit can be flat, and can have a bend both in one plane and in two planes. Therefore, synchronous active magnetic gearboxes-multipliers Uzyakova depending on the shape of the stator elements can be performed according to the following schemes:

- with parallel axes - a "cylindrical" gear-multiplier;

- with intersecting axes - a “bevel” gear-multiplier;

- with intersecting axes - a "helical" gear-multiplier.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous active magnetic reducer-multiplier Uzyakov with parallel axes (the housing is not shown), and in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of sections A-A and B-B (case not shown).

Presented in FIG. 1 and 2, the scheme of the invention consists of the following main elements: a high-speed explicit pole rotor 1 mounted on a high-speed shaft 6 containing two pairs of poles, a low-speed explicit pole rotor 2 installed on a low-speed shaft 7 containing four pairs of poles, and a stator having two inner cylindrical non-intersecting surfaces consisting of three ferromagnetic magnetic circuits 3, 4 and 5 (marked with different shading), between which there is a significant axial clearance (filled with non-magnetic material, not showing n). Each ferromagnetic magnetic circuit has teeth from the high-speed rotor side, the number of which is equal to the number of high-speed rotor pole pairs (two for the presented circuit), and teeth from the low-speed rotor side, which number is equal to the number of low-speed rotor pole pairs (four for the presented circuit). B-B is the bending line of the stator elements for the "conical" and "screw" circuits.

Synchronous active magnetic gearbox-multiplier Uzyakova works as follows. In the initial position (for the circuit shown in Figs. 1 and 2), the poles “S” of the high-speed rotor interact with the poles “N” of the low-speed rotor through the stator element 3. And the poles “N” of the high-speed rotor interact with the poles “N” of the low-speed rotor through the elements stator 4 and 5. When the high-speed rotor is rotated clockwise half of the gear division for the presented circuit at a 30 ° angle, the poles of the “S” of the high-speed rotor will interact with the low-speed rotor through the stator elements 3 and 4. And the “N” poles of the high-speed rotor will zaimodeystvovat with low-speed rotor through the stator element 5. In this low speed rotor will rotate in the clockwise direction by half the tooth pitch for the circuit shown through an angle of 15 °. Thus, the ratio of the angles of rotation of the rotors and angular velocities (for the scheme shown in Fig. 1 and 2) is the gear ratio i = 2.

If the leading link is a slow-moving rotor, we get a multiplier (for the scheme shown in Fig. 1 and 2 with a gear ratio i = 0.5).

A three-element stator, whose inner cylindrical surfaces facing the rotors, having a number of teeth, a multiple of three - three for every two poles of the rotor, provides smooth, directional rotation of the magnetic field (as in a three-phase electric motor) and simultaneous coupling through the stator of magnetic fluxes of all poles of the high-speed and low-speed rotor.

The power losses of the proposed magnetic reducer-multiplier are defined as the sum of the power losses in the bearings and in the stator due to magnetization reversal and eddy currents, in order to reduce the latter, the stator is made by powder metallurgy, since such a complex geometric shape is difficult to make laden.

Computer modeling in the programs of complex modeling of the electromagnetic field by the finite element method "FEMM 4.2" and "ansoft maxwell 16" showed the efficiency and high efficiency of the invention.

Claims (1)

A synchronous magnetic reducer-multiplier with parallel or intersecting or intersecting axes, containing two shafts mounted on bearings, high-speed and low-speed, on which explicitly polar rotors are fixed, a ferromagnetic magnetic circuit - a stator having an inner cylindrical surface with teeth, and a housing made of non-magnetic material, characterized in that explicit pole rotors are made with permanent magnets and have an even number of poles - two or more, while a slow-moving rotor has a number of poles, in front of the exact number of times greater than that of a high-speed rotor, the stator consists of three ferromagnetic elements, between which there is a gap, has two internal cylindrical non-intersecting surfaces with teeth facing the rotors, the number of teeth is a multiple of three - three for every two poles of the rotor, magnetic the flows of the poles of the high-speed rotor are coupled to the poles of the low-speed rotor through the air gaps between the stator and the rotors and the ferromagnetic stator, while the poles of one polarity of the high-speed rotor are coupled to the poles of the second the polarities of the low-speed rotor through one ferromagnetic element of the stator, and the poles of the second polarity of the high-speed rotor are coupled with the poles of the first polarity of the low-speed rotor through two ferromagnetic elements of the stator; during rotation, the coupling of the poles through one or two ferromagnetic elements of the stator changes alternately.

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