SU897175A1 - Method and device for soil-free growing plants in water-tight vessels - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method and equipment for aeroponic growing of plants with plant nutrition in the form of a mist prepared by an aerosol generator.

A known method of soilless cultivation of plants in waterproof containers by placing the roots of plants in the zonal system and feeding them with a nutrient solution in the form of a mist and installation for carrying out the method, containing a waterproof container with a system of zones for placing the roots of plants and a device for feeding the roots of plants with a nutrient solution with a mist generator and a mixture reactor, a mist outlet and a supercharger 1.

A disadvantage of the known method and installation is that they do not provide endogenous stimulation of plant growth.

The purpose of the invention is endogenous stimulation of plant growth.

The goal is achieved by supplying the nutrient medium to the plant roots in the form of a monodisperse dispersion mist, to which ozone is added in the range of 0.02-0.05 mg / m with exposure on the plant roots for 10-15 minutes per day. , and on the upper parts of the plants affected by the flow of ionized air.

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The device for feeding the roots of a plant with a nutrient solution is made with a monodisperse dispersion mist generator with negatively charged ions, and additionally contains an ozone-air mixture generator with a high-voltage unit, with the output channel of the supercharger connected to the monodisor discharging mist generator, except for In addition, the installation contains an aeroionizer, for example, an electric e-fluorescent chandelier connected to a high voltage generator ozone mixture. The method of groundless plant entrapment in water-resistant containers by placing the roots in the zonal system for feeding them with a mist nutrient solution consists in that the root systems of plants with a yield of 10–15 min per day are affected by saturated ozone feed mist, which forms a thin film on the roots of plants. Moreover, the feed mist is saturated with ozone with a concentration of 0.02–0.1–5 mg, as a result of which, in the aqueous phase, ozone, acting on the plant aromatic amino acid, tryptophan, promotes its conversion to indole acetic acid, which is a plant growth stimulus. At the same time, plant parts are impacted by the flow of ionized air, I The drawing shows an installation for carrying out the method. The installation contains a waterproof container 1. In the upper zone of the container, a frame 2 is installed with a mesh bottom, on which a layer of bedding material 3 is laid, such as perlite. The lower zone of the tank 1 is equipped with a heater 4, for example, an electric one, and is filled with water 5. A heater 4 through a temperature sensor 6, for example, a contact thermometer, and a thermostat 7 is connected to an electrical network. The installation also contains a tap 8 for supplying water 5, a stopper 9 for lowering water 5 and a level indicator 10 of water 5. The middle zone of the tank 1 is connected to the outlet channel 11 with a device 12 for forming a monodisperse dispersion mist with negatively charged hydroions. The device 12 through the time master unit 13, such as a time relay, is connected to the network. The ozone-air mixture generator: 14 is equipped with a high-voltage unit and is not shown with a compressor 15. The output channel of the compressor 15, for example, a compressor, through the generator 14 is connected with a pipe 16 with a device 12 for forming a monodisperse dispersion fog with negatively charged hydro-ions. Air ionizer 17 is connected to the high-voltage unit of the generator 14. The lamps 18 are connected to the electrical network. The drawing also shows plants 19 with roots 20. The luminaires 18 are mounted Gnad ras; shadows 19. Preparation for the implementation of the proposed method, which is carried out in an installation, is carried out as follows. In the litter material 3, seedlings are planted or seeds of agricultural or forest plants are sown. 19. For 5-6 days, the litter material 3 is moistened with a nutrient solution. On the 5-6th day, water 5 is poured into the tank 1 with the required pH value of 3-4 centimeters. The level is controlled by the indicator 10. Then the heater 4 is turned on and the water temperature is adjusted to 5 to 20-25 C. Next, the specified temperature is maintained automatically using sensor 6 and thermostat 7. On the 5-6th day, the roots of 20 plants 19, germinated through the layer of litter material 3 reaches its lower part of water 5, and the middle part of the roots 20 appears in the middle zone of the tank 1, between the lower surface of the litter material 3 and the upper water level 5. The wetting of the litter 3 with the nutrient solution is stopped. A nutrient solution is poured into a tank (not shown) in a device 12 for producing a monodisperse dispersion fog with negatively charged hydroions. The components of the solution and its concentration are chosen for each plant species 19. Starting from the first day after planting or sowing the seedlings, they are influenced by a stream of ionized air and, if necessary, lengthen the light day, including luminaries 18. The method is carried out in the installation as follows. After time, the driver unit 13 includes a device 12, for example, a 1Y disc dispenser with a divider, a supercharger 15, a generator 14, and an I 7 aeroionizer. When operating the device 12, for example, a distributor with a dissector, -, 1 pacTncic

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in the form of individual drops, it is torn off from the edge of the disk on a tangent. In the course of their movement, the droplets are crushed and sprayed by the dispenser into the smallest dispersion droplets. When the droplets are crushed, a balloon-electric sflxJieKT arises and a monodisperse dispersed mist is created with negatively charged hydro-ions.

When a generator 14 is turned on, an electric discharge occurs in its reactor (not shown), as a result of which a part of the oxygen in the air is converted into ozone.

The air supplied by the blower 15, passing through the reactor of the generator 14, is saturated with ozone. The ozone-air mixture through conduit 16 enters device 12, where a monodisperse dispersadist mist is saturated with ozone.

Saturated with ozone feed mist through the channel 1I enters the middle zone of the tank 1 and settles on the root x 20 in the form of a thin film.

Simultaneously with the generator 14, an aeroionizer 17, for example, an electric effluvial chandelier, which contains an emitter of aero ions (negative ions) in the form of a metal ring with tensioned along two directions of wires, is included. Needles are reinforced at the intersection points of the wires. Under the influence of high voltage, auto-electron emission occurs and negative air ions of different mobility are formed in the air.

Air ionizer 17 acts on. the tops of the plants are 19 ionized air. The frequency of switching on the device 12, the generator 14, the blower 15 and the aeroionizer 17 is determined experimentally, for example for cucumbers every 20 minutes for 10 minutes.

Water 5 in the installation is changed every five days, which eliminates the need for an agrochemical analysis of the nutrient solution. Luminaires 18 include, if necessary, lengthening the daylight hours.

Thus, the roots of 20 plants 19 are fed in their middle part in the form of a monodisperse dispersion fog with ozone with negatively hydronamide, and in the lower part from water.

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5, which also serves as a support for the length of the lower part of the root system.

In addition, the middle parts of the roots of 20 plants 19 in the intervals between the feeding of the feed mist absorb oxygen from the air.

The effect of ionized air flow improves the microclimate conditions of the installation room and stimulates the growth and development of plants 19.

Being the simplest and most reliable in application, the proposed method and the installations implementing it enable to obtain high and stable yields of agricultural and forest crops, flowers and especially vegetables with the lowest labor and money costs per unit of production.

This invention is expedient to use in greenhouses to accelerate the growth of vegetables in the Far North, in heated rooms of Arctic and Antarctic research stations, on ships making long-term sailing in ice and cold waters, and when protecting the surface of water in waterproof containers using a porous diaphragm and aboard space ships and stations. .

Claims (3)

1. A method of soilless cultivation of plants in waterproof containers by placing the roots of plants in the zonal system and feeding them with a nutrient solution in the form of a mist, characterized in that, in order to endogenously stimulate plant growth, the nutrient medium to the roots of plants is served as a monodisperse dispersant mist in which ozone is added in the range of 0.02-0.05 mg / m with an exposure to the roots of plants for 10-15 minutes per day, and the upper parts of the plants are exposed to a stream of ionized air. 2. An installation for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising a waterproof container with a system of zones for accommodating the roots of plants and a device for feeding the roots of plants with a nutrient solution with a mist generator and a mixture reactor, a piping tube for entering the mist and a supercharger. 7897175 characterized in that the device for feeding the roots of plants with a nutrient solution is made with a monodisperse dispersion mist generator with negatively charged ions, and also contains an ozone-air mixture generator with a high-voltage unit, the output channel of the supercharger through the ozone-air mixture generator communicated with the monodisperse dispersion fog generator, 8 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that it contains an aeroionizer, for example, an electrofluvial chandelier connected to a high voltage unit of an ozone-air generator. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate N 214927, cl. A 01 G 31/02, 1967 (prototype).