SU874109A1 - Ionite filter - Google Patents

Description

(54) IONITE FILTER

The invention relates to devices for the purification of liquids by the method of ion exchange through a granular filtering material and can be used in atomic energy for cleaning the liquid coolant from salts and corrosion products, as well as in other sectors of the industry where purification of liquids is required. A known filter for cleaning water at nuclear power plants, comprising a housing with a lid and bottom, a distribution device located in the housing and a drainage device, an internal inspection hole for the device, a filtrate drainage device, a hydraulic discharge pipe located in the filter house and filter housing, and filtering The elements of the drainage device. In this filter, in order to reduce the volume of the dead zone located under the drainage device, the filter elements of the latter are made inclined 1. The disadvantage of this device is that the measures formed therein va zone whose boundary is defined with the arrangement is, the upper points of the drainage device, i.e. 20% sorbent is not involved in the process of cleaning fluid. In addition, in order to discharge the sorbent from the apparatus, it must be weighed and maintained in such a state. The closest technical solution to the invention is an ion-exchange filter, comprising a housing, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone with a flat removable bottom, a pipe for inlet and outlet of water and reagents placed on a flat bottom, a drainage-distributing device in the form of grids, located in the conical part of the body and the pipe for loading and unloading of ion exchanger, in the upper part of the body. In this filter, the sorbent is only above the drainage-distributing device having a flat shape, which eliminates the formation of stagnant (dead) zones 2. The disadvantage of this device is the large consumption of water for hydraulic unloading, as it requires to fluidize the entire volume of filter material. In addition, a large mesh clogging is observed in the filter, usually made of round wire, which is explained by the jamming of particles falling into the wedge-shaped gaps between adjacent wires. Particles are embedded in the mesh as well. at the points of contact, the wires are clamped there, and the grid is no longer under (Regeneration is given. With an increase in the clogging of the mesh with particles, its living cross section decreases, the flow resistance increases and, consequently, the energy costs of pushing fluid through the drainage device increase.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and water consumption for hydraulic unloading of filter material.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in an ion exchange filter comprising a body with granular filter material, a liquid distributor installed in the upper part of the body, a pipe for draining filtrate and transfer of wash water with a cover located in the lower part of the body, and a drainage-distributing device equipped with an additional pipe for hydraulic unloading of filter material installed on the pipe for draining the filtrate and supplying wash water, and a drainage-distributing device mounted on the cover.

It is advisable that the drainage-distributing device be made in the form of a flat plate equipped with slot-type drainage elements.

The drawing shows a filter, a general view.

Ion1; a fine filter consists of a body 1, a spherical cover 2, a bottom 3, a granulated filtering material or sorbent 4, a nozzle 5 for supplying treated water, a distributor 6, a nozzle 7 for loading sorbent. The bottom 3, which may have an elliptical, spherical or conical shape, is made up of a nozzle 8, closed with a flat lid 9 on which a drain-distributing device 11 is fastened by means of a glass 10. The latter can be performed, for example, in the form of slotted caps or a set of ring: plates mounted with the formation of gaps between them and mounted. On the perforated plate 12. A drain pipe 13 is installed above the drain-distributor 11 for hydraulic unloading of the spent sorbent. For removal of the filtrate and the supply of wash water on the lid 9 there is a pipe 14.

The experiment has established that for normal operation of the filter, the required ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the housing 1 and the nozzle (or nozzles) 8 should be 3 tons 4: 1.

The filter works as follows.

The impurity containing liquid enters the housing 1 through the pipe 5 and the distributor b, passes through the layer of sorbent 4, is cleaned of impurities and through the drainage distributor device 11 and the pipe 14 is removed from the filter. With the passage of fluid through the layer of absorbent 4, the sorption front, which distributes the zones of spent and fresh sorbent, moves downwards. Since the velocities of movement of the cleaned fluid over the filter section are the same, the saturation of the sorbent with ions extracted from the fluid occurs evenly, the sorption front moves parallel to the interface of the sorbent and the fluid and after a certain period of time determined by mass transfer conditions, the drainage-distributor 11i is reached

Due to the fact that the sorbent 4 is only above the drainage device 11, the entire sorbent is involved in the work and there is no dead zone above the drainage device 11.

Since the sorbent loses its ion exchange properties during operation or is destroyed, it is necessary to unload it from the apparatus.

The spent sorbent 4 is unloaded by a hydraulic method, while water is supplied from below through a drainage distributor 11, the sorbent 4 located only in pipe 8 is liquefied, and the slurry (mixture of sorbent and water) is discharged through pipe 13 located above the drainage device 11 i.e. in the zone of liquefied sorbent. The sorbent 4 from the housing 1 and the bottom 3 under the force of gravity enters the release of the nozzle 8. Since the cross-sectional area of the nozzle 8 is 34 times smaller than the cross-sectional area of the housing 1, the amount of water during the unloading necessary for the sorbent to liquefy , 3-4 times less compared with the same operation in a known filter.

When the need arises to inspect or repair the drainage device, it is only necessary to remove the cover 9 with the drainage device 11 fixed to it.

If contaminated with radioactive substances, the drainage assembly with the cover can be thoroughly decontaminated outside the filter. This eliminates the need for service personnel inside the filter and working in an unhealthy environment.

In addition, practically all such filters are apparatuses under the jurisdiction of the Gosgortechnadzor of the USSR. According to the rules of operation. Such devices require their periodic inspection, which is also related to an internal inspection of the housing surfaces. For these purposes, a special manhole is made in the cover or filter housing of known structures. In the filter, I suggest that my design of making a manhole is not specifically required for an inspection, as for this purpose you can use the nozzle 8,

Claims (2)

1. An ionic filter containing a body with granular filtering material, a liquid dispenser installed in the upper part of the body, a pipe for draining the filtrate and supplying wash water Tr   Iff "1 874109 a lid located in the lower part of the body, and a drainage-distributing device, which is rotated so that, in order to save energy and water consumption for hydraulic unloading, the body is equipped with an additional pipe for hydraulic discharging of filter material installed on the nozzle for draining the filtrate and supplying the washing water, and the drainage distribution device is mounted on the lid. 2. The filter according to claim 1, of which is that the drainage-distributing device is made in the form of a flat plate, equipped with slit-type drainage elements. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 0 1. Water heating filters for nuclear power plants, OST 24.271. 29-74, p. nineteen. 2. US patent 2803347, CL. 210-190, 1957.