SU812221A1 - Device for separating grain from straw dump - Google Patents

Description

(54) DEVICE FOR ISOLATION OF GRAIN FROM STRAWY PORES

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The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to devices for separating grain from the straw heap of combine harvesters.

A device for isolating grain from a straw heap is known, comprising a straw walker, on the keys of which combs 1 are fixed.

A disadvantage of this device is the large loss of grain through the straw walker. This is due to the low efficiency of the combs mounted on the straw walker keys, since the straw mass does not decrease when the straw mass passes over the comb, which makes it difficult to separate the grain from it.

Devices are known for separating grain from a straw heap, including a straw walker, over which a stirrer is installed, having an active member 2

The disadvantage of this device is a significant loss of grain with straw. This is explained by the fact that the agitator actively affects only the upper layers of the straw mass moving along. the straw walker, and the lower layers are not shaken 1 tf. Besides.

In the process of shaking, the working bodies of the agitator move one layer of the mass n ° and the other. This leads to the fact that the grain released during the mixing of the mass layer, before sifting through the straw walker, must be drained through the straw walk layer onto which it was thrown by the heaverant along with the straw. This reduces the performance of Bstr Hivatel. In addition, the working bodies of the agitator interrupt large amounts of straw in the process. This crushed straw is sifted through the straw walker and overloads the cleaning of the combine.

Devices are known for separating grain from the straw heap of combine harvesters — 1550 and 8080 from Spertrie New Holland (USA), including a straw walker and grain cleaner, with an additional rotary separator consisting of a toothed rotor and lattice between the breaker beater and straw walker. soundboard with finger extension 3.

The disadvantage of such a device is that the rotary separator crushes a large amount of straw mass, and it separates through the trellis deck and overloads the cleaning of the combine. The rotary separator, in the process of influencing the straw mass, does not pull it apart, which makes it difficult to separate the grain from it. In addition, the impact of the toothed rotor of the separator on the straw mass increases the loss of grain due to its crushing. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a device for separating grain from a straw heap, including a straw walker, as well as a stacker with a straw walker, and a grain collector consisting of a body closed from above with a fixed slider is installed on the straw walker. , as well as transporting organs. 4. The disadvantage of this device is a significant loss of grain for straw catchers. This is due to the fact that it is passively resolved. It does not actively affect the mass passing over it; therefore, only the grain located in the lower part of the straw layer moving along the pit is separated through the sieve of the grain separator. In addition, when passing over the grain collector, the straw mass is not taken apart, the thickness of the straw layer does not decrease, which makes it difficult to separate the grain from the straw mass, especially from its upper layers. As a result, the grain that did not have time to harvest together with straw enters the stacker. In addition, a part of the free grain, thrown together with the straw mass, flies over the grain collector and enters the stacker, where it is irretrievably lost. The purpose of the invention is a more complete selection of grain. This goal is ensured by the fact that the straw chopper and the grain collector are made in the form of a conveyor with flexible working elements, between the branches of which there is a reflective shield, and the conveyor on the side of the hopper has a casing with a swing mechanism. Straw straw is equipped with fingers placed between the flexible working elements of the conveyor. FIG. 1 shows schematically an apparatus for separating grain from a straw heap; in fig. 2 - straw chopper with a grain collector; in fig. 3 is a separating screen, type A in FIG. 2; in fig. 4 - part of the conveyor casing, view B in FIG. 2. A device for separating grain from the straw heap includes a straw walker with 1 and cleaning 2. A straw stacker 3 is located behind the straw walker 1. In the hopper 3, a straw separator 4 and straw chopper 5 are installed at the straw outlet from the straw walker 5. The straw trap 4 includes a housing 6, transporting bodies 7 and a separating grid 8 formed by fingers 1 fixed on the straw walker 1 and elastic elements (teeth) 10 of the solomonab 5. The straw drum 5 has a drive 11 and a driven 12 shafts on which sprockets 13 are mounted, in addition there are chains 14 between teeth 10, and between the branches of chains 14, at the gathering place of straw from the straw walker 1, a reflective shield 15 is installed. Solomonabivatel 1 from the side of the hopper 3 sleep: it has a housing 16. In a preferred embodiment of the combine, the housing 16 is in the NI | connected by means of a hinge 17 with a grain separator 4, and at the top it is connected to a swing mechanism 18. The device operates as follows. Straw and non-isolated grain is fed to the straw walker from 1, where the remaining grain is released in the straw. The straw with a part of the grain when coming off the straw walker 1 falls on the tooth 10 of the straw chopper 5, is captured by them and transported upwards and further to the stapler 3. The grate 8 prevents the straw from entering the grain separator, formed by oscillating with the straw walker 1 finger 9 and moving up by the teeth of 10 solomonabivatel 5. At the same time, the active influence of the sieve 8 on the straw mass improves the separation of grains through it. The mass captured by the teeth 10 is pulled apart and changes the direction of movement, which promotes the separation of grain from straw and its spilling into the grain collector 4, which is above the straw crusher 5. Part of the grain, flying by inertia, imparted by the straw walker to it, hits the reflective shield 15 installed in its path. The grain velocity is quenched, and it enters the grain separator 4. During the entire transport period of the straw mass, the teeth 10 of the straw chopper 5 continue to release free grain from it, which, under the action of its own gravity, enters the grain extractor 4. When entering the hopper 3 teeth 10 are released from the straw mass brought by them with the help of the casing 16. At the same time, the casing 16 with the help of the mechanism 18 makes an oscillatory movement, thus pressing the straw accumulated in the storage box and improving the transportation of free grains along the inner surface of the casing 16 into the grain separator 4. As a result of the swings of the casing 16 between it and the straw mass of the hopper 3, there is always a gap, into which the straw straw enters the mass supplied by the teeth 10 and is pressed by the casing 16. The grain gathered in the grain catcher 4, is fed to cleaning 2. The use of this device in comparison with the known gives a significant reduction in yield loss of free grain for straw, ensured by a sharp change in the direction of movement of the straw mass, its pulling away kill the solomonabivator and actively influence the working bodies of the solomonabivate and the separating grid on it.

In addition, the quality of compaction of straw in the combine harvester is improved.

The metal content of the solomonabiver teeth decreases as they only feed the mass, not press it.

The inertial harmful effect on the combine frame is eliminated due to the elimination of large masses of the working bodies of the Solomonabiv moving back and forth.

Claims (4)

Invention Formula . A device for separating grain from a straw heap, including a straw walker, behind which a storage device with a straw beater is placed, and a grain collector installed in the hopper, characterized in that the straw chopper is used to more completely separate the grain. and the grain catcher is made in the form of a conveyor with flexible working elements, between the branches of which there is a reflective shield, with the conveyor co. The side of the stopper has a casing with a swing mechanism. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the straw walker is equipped with fingers placed between the flexible working elements of the conveyor belt. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The main directions of development of technological schemes and working bodies for threshing and separation of grain crops. Survey information TSNIITEItractorselkhozmash, ser. “Agricultural Machines, Units and Units, Vol. 6., M., 1978, p. 23. 2. Trends in the development of designs of combine harvesters. Survey information TSNIITEItractorselkhozmash “Agricultural Machines, Units and Units, Vol. 8. M., 1978, p. 21. 3. Trends in the development of designs of combine harvesters. Survey information TSNIITEItractorselkhozmash “Agricultural machines, aggregates and nodes, no. 8. M., 1978, p. 21. 4.Ivanov G.P. Grain losses are reduced - “Machinery in agriculture, 1978, no. 12, p. 17 ./ /eight FIG. 2 Vidb 15 FIG.