SU798455A1

SU798455A1 - Fluidized-bed dryer

Info

Publication number: SU798455A1
Application number: SU792738481A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Валерианович Клименюк; Семен Петрович Кривицкий; Игорь Владимирович Кулаковский; Александр Васильевич Мартыненко; Иван Давидович Панченко; Юрий Алексеевич Саенко; Виктор Демьянович Кармазин; Казимир Николаевич Коновалов; Яков Борисович Шпектор; Юрий Леонтьевич Мевша
Priority date: 1979-03-11
Filing date: 1979-03-11
Publication date: 1981-01-23

Description

Изобретение относится к установкам для сушки сыпучих материалов и может быть использовано в комбикормовой промышленности для тепловой обработки зерна, -гранулированных кормов и минеральных добавок к ним.The invention relates to installations for drying bulk materials and can be used in the feed industry for the heat treatment of grain, granular feed and mineral additives to them.

Известны сушилки для сыпучих материалов, например зерна, содержащие, камеру с загрузочным бункером, разгрузочной течкой и размещенным в камере цепочно планчатым конвейером, под ветвями которого расположены газораспределительные решетки. На разгрузочных участках решеток установлены поворотные клапаны, снабженные противовесами,, выполняющими функцию затвора при взаимодействии с планками конвейера [1].Dryers for bulk materials, for example grains, are known, containing a chamber with a loading hopper, an unloading estrus and a chain-slat conveyor located in the chamber, under whose branches gas distribution grids are located. On the unloading sections of the gratings, rotary valves are installed, equipped with counterweights that perform the function of a shutter when interacting with the conveyor bars [1].

Однако конструкция сушилок не может обеспечить герметизацию камеры» так как при открытии клапана имеют место неизбежные потери теплоносителя, обладающего избыточным давлением, а шарнирное крепление клапана и приведение его в действие от планок транспортера усложняет конструкцию затвора.However, the design of the dryers cannot provide for the sealing of the chamber, "since when the valve is opened, there is an inevitable loss of the coolant that has excess pressure, and the hinged fastening of the valve and actuating it from the conveyor straps complicates the design of the shutter.

Наиболее близкими к предлагаемым являются вибросушилки кипящего слоя, содержащие сушильную и напорную камеры, разделенные газораспределительной решеткой, снабженные виброприводом, и питатель, подключенный к сушильной камере через затвор [2].Closest to the proposed are fluidized bed dryers containing a drying and pressure chambers, separated by a gas distribution grill, equipped with a vibrodrive, and a feeder connected to the drying chamber through a shutter [2].

Однако эти установки также имеют недостаточную герметизацию, обусловленную утечкой теплоносителя при проворачивании секторов барабана, повышенную металло- и энергоемкость. Сложна конструкция затвора, требующего наличия специального привода с редуктором. Кроме того, шлюзовой затвор не обеспечивает непрерывного дозирования материала в процессе работы.However, these installations also have insufficient sealing due to the leakage of the coolant when turning the sectors of the drum, increased metal and energy consumption. The shutter design is complex, requiring a special drive with a gearbox. In addition, the lock gate does not provide continuous dosing of the material during operation.

Целью настоящего изобретения является повышение герметизации и упрощение конструкции.The aim of the present invention is to increase the sealing and simplify the design.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что в установке для тепловой обработки сыпучих материалов в кипящем слое, содержащей сушильную и напорную' камеры, разделенные газораспределительной решеткой, затвор выполнен в виде емкости, имеющей с сушильной камерой общую стенку меньшей высоты, чем противолежащая стенка емкости, причем последняя разделена регулируемой перегородкой на сообщающиеся между собой приемный и выгрузной отсеки, при этом общая стенка емкости и сушильной камеры снабжена подвижной в вертикальной плоскости заслонкой, а на выходе из сушильной камеры также установлен затвор, аналогичный затвору, установленному со стороны питателя.This goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation for heat treatment of bulk materials in a fluidized bed containing drying and pressure chambers, separated by a gas distribution grid, the shutter is made in the form of a tank having a common wall with a drying chamber of a lower height than the opposite wall of the tank, the latter is divided by an adjustable partition into the receiving and unloading compartments communicating with each other, while the common wall of the tank and the drying chamber is equipped with a flap movable in a vertical plane, and at the exit from the drying chamber and the valve body, the same gate, set by the feeder.

Отказ от использования в затворе сложных поворотных устройств позволяет упростить конструкцию, обеспечить герметизацию сушильной камеры и полностью устранить потери теплоносителя при непрерывном дозировании материала за счет виброколебаний установки, а наличие регулируемой по высоте перегородки и подвижной заслонки у выгрузного отсека дает возможность изменять величину проходного сечения затвора и, следовательно, производительность, а также регулировать величину давления в сушильной камере за счет изменения величины пробки материала и, следовательно, влиять на интенсивность тепловой обработки.The refusal to use complex rotary devices in the shutter makes it possible to simplify the design, ensure the sealing of the drying chamber and completely eliminate the loss of coolant during continuous dosing of the material due to vibrations of the installation, and the presence of a height-adjustable partition and a movable shutter at the discharge compartment makes it possible to change the passage size of the shutter and therefore, the performance, as well as adjust the pressure in the drying chamber by changing the size of the plug mater iala and therefore affect the intensity of heat treatment.

На фиг. 1 показана предлагаемая вибросушилка; на фиг. 2 - затвор установки.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed vibratory dryer; in FIG. 2 - installation shutter.

Вибросушилка содержит сушильную 1 и напорную 2 камеры, разделенные газораспределительной решеткой 3. Вибросушилка смонтирована на пружинах 4, снабжена вибропроводом 5 и установленными на входе и выходе затворами 6 и 7, каждый из которых выполнен в виде емкости, имеющей с сушильной камерой общую стенку, разделенной перегородкой 8 на сообщающиеся между собой приемный 9 и выгрузной 10 отсеки. В затворе 6 стенка 11 имеет меньшую высоту, чем противолежащая стенка 12 емкости, и снабжена подвижной в вертикальной плоскости заслонкой 13. Перегородка 8 выполнена регулируемой по высоте с помощью козырька 14. К затвору 6 подключен питатель 15.The vibration dryer contains a drying chamber 1 and a pressure chamber 2, separated by a gas distribution grill 3. The vibration dryer is mounted on springs 4, equipped with a vibrating conduit 5 and shutters 6 and 7 mounted at the inlet and outlet, each of which is made in the form of a container having a common wall with the drying chamber, divided a partition 8 on connecting receiving 9 and unloading 10 compartments. In the shutter 6, the wall 11 has a lower height than the opposite wall 12 of the tank and is equipped with a flap 13 movable in the vertical plane. The partition 8 is made height-adjustable by means of a visor 14. A feeder 15 is connected to the shutter 6.

Работа устройства осуществляется следующим образом.The operation of the device is as follows.

Подлежащий обработке материал подается питателем 15 (шнеком или любым другим загрузочным устройством) в затвор 6 и далее в сушильную камеру 1, где, перемещаясь под действием виброколебаний, одновременно подвергается обработке теплоносителем, поступающим из напорной камеры 2 через газорас4 пределительную решетку 3, вызывая процесс псевдоожижения в массе материала, и через затвор 7, смонтированный. на выходе вибросушилки, выгружается.The material to be processed is fed by a feeder 15 (a screw or any other loading device) to the shutter 6 and then to the drying chamber 1, where, moving under the influence of vibrations, it is simultaneously treated with the heat carrier coming from the pressure chamber 2 through the gas4 distribution grid 3, causing the fluidization process in the mass of material, and through the shutter 7 mounted. at the outlet of the vibratory dryer, it is unloaded.

Вертикальным перемещением заслонки 13 изменяют величину пробки материала, препятствующей выходу через затвор теплоносителя, тем самым регулируя рабочее давление в сушильной камере 1 и, следовательно, интенсивно ность обработки, а перемещением козырька 14 изменяют величину проходного сечения затвора, влияя на производительность вибросушилки.By vertical movement of the shutter 13, the size of the material plug preventing the exit of the coolant through the shutter is changed, thereby regulating the working pressure in the drying chamber 1 and, consequently, the processing intensity, and by moving the visor 14, the passage size of the shutter is changed, affecting the performance of the dryer.

Предлагаемая вибросушилка позволяет, вследствие улучшения герметизации, полностью Н5 исключить потери теплоносителя, которые при замкнутой системе циркуляции составляют 20%, а в результате упрощения конструкции и отказа от использования сложных шлюзовых затворов с автономными приводами снизить 20 металлоемкость.The proposed vibration dryer allows, due to improved sealing, to completely eliminate H5 losses of coolant, which with a closed circulation system make up 20%, and as a result of simplifying the design and refusing to use complex gate locks with self-contained actuators, reduce the metal consumption.

Claims

The invention relates to plants for drying bulk materials and can be used in the animal feed industry for the heat treatment of grain, grain feed and mineral additives thereto. Dryers for bulk materials are known, for example, grains containing a chamber with a hopper, a discharge chute, and a chain-chained conveyor placed in the chamber, under which branches gas distribution grids are located. On the discharge sections of the grids, rotary valves are installed, equipped with counterweights, which perform the function of the valve when mounted with the conveyor plates 1. However, the design of the dryers cannot provide sealing of the chamber, as when the valve is opened, there are excessive pressure losses and hinge mounting the valve and its actuation from the conveyor plates complicates the design of the valve. Closest to the proposed are vibrating driers of the fluidized bed, containing drying and pressure chambers, separated by a gas distribution grill, equipped with a vibration actuator, and a feeder connected to the drying chamber through the gate 2. However, these plants also have insufficient sealing due to leakage of the coolant when turning the drum sectors , increased metal and energy intensity. The design of the valve is complicated, requiring the presence of a special program with a gearbox. In addition, the sluice gate does not provide continuous dosing of the material during operation. The chain of the present invention is to improve sealing and simplify the design. This goal is achieved by the fact that, in an installation for heat treatment of bulk materials in a fluidized bed, containing a drying and pressure chambers separated by a gas distribution grill, the shutter is made in the form of a container having a total height of 37 with a rotary chamber 37 than the opposite wall of the container the latter is divided by an adjustable partition into intercommunicating receiving and unloading compartments, while the common wall of the container and the main chamber is provided with a flap movable in a vertical plane, and in During suschilnoy chamber of the same gate is also set shutter installed with stopoHj) feeder. The refusal to use complex rotary devices in the gate allows to simplify the design, ensure sealing of the essential chamber and completely eliminate losses of the heat carrier during continuous dosing of the material due to vibrational oscillations of the installation, and the presence of height-adjustable partitions and a movable flap at the unloading compartment makes it possible to vary the size the cross section of the shutter and, consequently, the performance, as well as adjust the pressure in the main chamber by changing the size of the plug iala and, consequently, affect the intensity of the heat treatment in FIG. 1 shows the proposed vibrosushilka; in fig. 2 - shutter installation. The vibrating dryer contains the existing 1 and pressure 2 chambers separated by a gas distribution 7 piece rack 3. The vibrating damper is mounted on springs 4, equipped with a vibrating line 5 and installed on the inlet and outlet gates 6 and 7, each of which is made up of a container having a wall with the main chamber, divided partition 8 into communicating receiving 9 and discharge 10 compartments. In gate 6, wall 11 has a lower height than the opposite wall 12 of the container, and is provided with a flap 13 that is movable in a vertical plane. Partition 8 is adjustable in height with a canopy 14. A feeder l5 is connected to gate 6. The operation of the device is carried out as follows. The material to be processed is fed by the feeder 15 (by a screw or any other loading device) to the shutter 6 and further to the drying chamber 1, where, moving under the influence of vibrational oscillations, it is simultaneously subjected to heat carrier treatment coming from the pressure chamber 2 through the gas distribution grid 3, causing the process of regeneration in the mass of material, and through atvor 7, mounted. at the exit of the vibrating coolers, vygzokaets. By vertical movement of the valve 13, the size of the material stopper preventing the output through the heat carrier shutter is replaced, thereby regulating the working pressure in the drying chamber 1 and, consequently, the treatment intensity, and changing the flow cross section of the vibratory drier through the movement of the visor. The proposed vibrating drier allows, as a result of improved sealing, to completely turn off heat carrier losses, which are 20% with a closed circulation system, and as a result of simplifying the design and avoiding the use of complex sluice gates with autonomous drives, reduce metal consumption. Claim 1. Vibro-fluidized bed vibrator, containing the existing and pressure chambers, separated by a gas distribution grill and equipped with a vibration actuator, and a feeder connected to the existing chamber through a shutter, characterized in that, in order to improve the tightness and simplify the design, the shutter is designed as a container having a common wall with a drying chamber of lesser height than the opposite wall of the container, the latter being divided by a height-adjustable partition into communicating receiving and unloading compartments eki. 2. Dryer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the common wall of the container and the supporting chamber is provided with a flap that is movable in a vertical plane. 3. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in TeMj that at the outlet of the drying chamber there is also installed a shutter similar to the shutter installed on the side of the feeder. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 428180, cl. F 26 B 17/26, 1971..

2. USSR author's certificate number 524057. class. F 26 B 17/10, 1975.

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