SU787632A1

SU787632A1 - Pneumatic pick hammer

Info

Publication number: SU787632A1
Application number: SU782682838A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Эдуард Александрович Абраменков
Original assignee: Новосибирский Инженерно-Строительный Институт Им. В.В.Куйбышева
Priority date: 1978-11-14
Filing date: 1978-11-14
Publication date: 1980-12-15

Description

Изобретение относится к горному и строительному делу и касается пневматических машин ударного действия.The invention relates to mining and construction and relates to pneumatic impact machines.

Известен пневматический молоток, содержащий корпус с выточкой, перед- 5 нюю и заднюю камеры, воздухоподводящие дроссельные каналы, выпускной канал в корпусе и перепускной канал в ударнике, буровой инструмент [1].A pneumatic hammer is known, comprising a housing with a recess, a front and rear camera, air supply throttle channels, an exhaust channel in the housing and a bypass channel in the hammer, a drilling tool [1].

Недостатком этого пневматического молотка является низкая ударная мощность из-за наличия высокого противодавления в передней камере холостого хода, что принижает все остальные 15 положительные качества дроссельных молотков - простоту конструкции и надежность .The disadvantage of this pneumatic hammer is its low impact power due to the presence of high back pressure in the front idle chamber, which reduces all the other 15 positive qualities of throttle hammers - simplicity of design and reliability.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому 20 по технической сущности и достигаемому результату является пневматический молоток, содержащий корпус, выполненный с воэдухоподводящим дроссельным каналом и имеющий постоянно 25 сообщенную с источником сЗкатого воздуха камеру рабочего хода и перепускную выточку, которая постоянно сообщена с камерой холостого хода, ударник с каналом и рабочий инструмент^, 3QClosest to the proposed 20 in technical essence and the achieved result is a pneumatic hammer containing a housing made with an air-supply throttle channel and having a 25 working chamber connected to a source of compressed air and a bypass recess that is constantly in communication with the idling chamber, a drummer with a channel and working tool ^, 3Q

МОЛОТОК I , ,; _ _v ** ;._ч «уч;, 1HAMMER I,,; _ _v **;. _h "uch ;, 1

Недостатком этого пневматического молотка является значительная величина противодавления в камере холостого хода, тормозящего движение ударника перед ударом, что снижает энергию единичного удара. Причиной тому является наличие воздухоподводящэго дроссельного канала, сообщающего сеть непосредственно с камерой холостого 10 хода.The disadvantage of this pneumatic hammer is the significant amount of back pressure in the idle chamber, which inhibits the movement of the striker before the impact, which reduces the energy of a single blow. The reason for this is the presence of an air supply throttle channel that communicates with the network directly with the idle chamber 10.

Размер дроссельного канала не может быть беспредельно малым и должен обеспечить пропуск такого количества воздуха, которое необходимо для формирования (вместе с перепуском) импульса холостого хода.The size of the throttle channel cannot be infinitely small and must ensure the passage of such an amount of air that is necessary for the formation (together with the bypass) of the idling pulse.

Цель изобретения - повышение энергии единичного удара путем уменьшения противодавления в камере холостого хода.The purpose of the invention is to increase the energy of a single blow by reducing the back pressure in the idle chamber.

Эта цель достигается благодаря тому, что воздухоподводящий дроссельный канал вскрыт в перепускной выточке молотка. При этом воздух с большими энергетическими параметрами накапливается в перепускной выточке и участвует в формировании импульса холостого хода уже после соударения ударника с инструментом, что и позволяет при том же общем расходе воздуха снизить противодавление в камере холостого хода и повысить энергию единичного удара.This goal is achieved due to the fact that the air supply throttle channel is opened in the bypass recess of the hammer. At the same time, air with large energy parameters accumulates in the bypass recess and participates in the formation of an idle impulse already after the impact of the striker with the tool, which allows for the same total air flow to reduce backpressure in the idle chamber and increase the energy of a single impact.

На чертеже схематично изображен молоток, продольный разрез.The drawing schematically shows a hammer, a longitudinal section.

Пневматический молоток содержит корпус 1 с выпускным каналом 2 и воздухоподводящими дроссельными каналами 3 и 4, соответственно для камеры рабочего хода и перепускной выточки 6, Камера 7 холостого хода постоянно сообщена дроссельным перепускным каналом 8 с выточкой 6. Молоток имеет ударник 9 с перепускным каналом 10, периодически посредством выточки 6 сообщающим камеры 5 и. 7, инструмент 11 и рукоятку 12 с пусковым устройством.The pneumatic hammer contains a housing 1 with an outlet channel 2 and air supply throttle channels 3 and 4, respectively, for the working chamber and the bypass recess 6, the idle chamber 7 is constantly communicated with the throttle bypass channel 8 with a recess 6. The hammer has a hammer 9 with the bypass channel 10, periodically through a recess 6 reporting camera 5 and. 7, tool 11 and handle 12 with a starting device.

Воздухоподводящий дроссельный канал 4 вскрыт в перепускной выточке молотка.The air inlet throttle channel 4 is opened in the bypass recess of the hammer.

Молоток работает следующим образом.The hammer works as follows.

После включения пускового устройства рукоятки 12 (на чертеже не показано и может быть любого типа) сжатый воздух от источника из сети по каналам 3 и 4 поступает одновременно в камеру 5 и выточку б. Из выточки б по каналу 8 воздух перетекает в камеру 7 холостого хода в количестве, достаточном для запуска.After turning on the trigger device of the handle 12 (not shown in the drawing and can be of any type), the compressed air from the source from the network through channels 3 and 4 enters simultaneously into the chamber 5 and the undercut b. From recess b along channel 8, air flows into the idle chamber 7 in an amount sufficient to start.

Поскольку камера 5 каналом 2 соединена с окружающим пространством, давление в ней близко атмосферному и ударник 9 под действием импульса давления со стороны камеры 7 начинает движение от инструмента 11совершая холостой ход.Since the chamber 5 is connected to the surrounding space by channel 2, the pressure in it is close to atmospheric and the hammer 9 under the influence of a pressure impulse from the side of the chamber 7 starts to move from the tool 11, making perfect idle speed.

С момента закрытия ударником 9' канала 2 и вскрытия канала 10 в выточке часть воздуха из нее перетекает в камеру 5. После окончания взаимодействия канала 10 с выточкой б воздух, в ней накапливается.From the moment the drummer 9 'closes the channel 2 and opens the channel 10 in the undercut, part of the air flows from it into the chamber 5. After the interaction of the channel 10 with the undercut b ends, the air accumulates in it.

При вскрытии ударником 9 отсекающей кромки выточки б объемы камеры и выточки 6 соединяются, вследствие чего возрастает импульс давления холостого хода до расчетного. После открытия ударником 9 канала 2 из камеры 7 происходит выпуск воздуха в окружающее пространство.When the striker 9 opens the cutting edge of the recess b, the volumes of the chamber and recess 6 are connected, as a result of which the pulse of idling pressure increases to the calculated one. After the drummer 9 opens the channel 2 from the chamber 7, air is released into the surrounding space.

Двигаясь за счет накопленной энергии ударник 9 затормаживается, чему способствует и противодавление от сжатия воздуха в камере 5, процесс которого’начался с момента закрытия ударником канала 2.Moving due to the accumulated energy, the striker 9 is inhibited, which is also facilitated by the counter-pressure from air compression in the chamber 5, the process of which began from the moment the striker closed the channel 2.

В некоторой расчетной точке ударник 9 останавливается и начинает свое движение под действием импульса давления со стороны камеры 5, совершая рабочий ход.At a certain design point, the hammer 9 stops and begins to move under the influence of a pressure pulse from the side of the chamber 5, making a working stroke.

При последующем движении ударник 9 перекрывает канал 2 и в камере 7 ,начинается процесс сжатия отсеченно го в нем воздуха и воздуха, натекающего в выточку б из сети по каналуWith subsequent movement, the firing pin 9 blocks the channel 2 and in the chamber 7, the compression process of the air cut off in it and the air flowing into the recess b from the network through the channel begins

4. При совмещении канала 10 с выточкой б часть воздуха перетекает через нее в камеру 7, чем создаются благоприятные условия для формирования силового импульса холостого хода.4. When combining the channel 10 with the recess b, part of the air flows through it into the chamber 7, thereby creating favorable conditions for the formation of an idle power pulse.

Двигаясь к инструменту 11, ударник 9 нижним торцом перекрывает отсе- , кающую кромку выточки ь и воздух в камеру 7 поступает только по каналу 8.Moving to the tool 11, the drummer 9 with its lower end overlaps the cut-off edge of the groove b and air enters the chamber 7 only through the channel 8.

В некоторый момент прекратится взаимодействие канала 10 с выточкой 6 и воздух из камеры 5 прекратит перетекание в выточку б, а при открытии верхним торцом ударника 9 выпускного канала 2 из камеры 5 произойдет выпуск отработавшего воздуха уже с несколько меньшим давлением, чем это имеет место у молотков без перепускных каналов.At some point, the interaction of the channel 10 with the recess 6 will cease and the air from the chamber 5 will stop flowing into the recess b, and when the upper end of the striker 9 opens the exhaust channel 2 from the chamber 5, the exhaust air will be released with a slightly lower pressure than that of hammers without bypass channels.

Указанное обстоятельство способствует также снижению шума молотка от выпускаемого воздуха как из камеры рабочего, так и из камеры холостого хода.This circumstance also helps to reduce the hammer noise from the exhaust air both from the working chamber and from the idle chamber.

Преодолевая некоторое противодавление воздуха со стороны камеры 7, ударник 9 наносит удар по инструменту 11 и описанный выше процесс повторяться с той лишь разницей, что за счет больших скоростей ударника 9 через дроссельный канал 8 воздуха поступает в камеру 7 гораздо меньше, чем при растянутом во времени запуске, что снижает противодавление в предударный период. В цел’ом же начальный импульс холостого хода не снижается, так как после соударения ударнику сообщается импульс отскока его от инструмента.Overcoming some air backpressure from the side of the chamber 7, the firing pin 9 strikes the tool 11 and the process described above is repeated with the only difference that due to the high speeds of the firing pin 9, the air 7 enters the chamber 7 much less than when it is stretched in time starting, which reduces the back pressure in the pre-shock period. In general, the initial impulse of idling does not decrease, since after the impact, the impactor is informed of the impulse of his rebound from the instrument.

Claims

The invention relates to mining and construction, and concerns pneumatic percussion machines. A pneumatic hammer is known, comprising a housing with an undercut, front and rear chambers, air inlet throttle channels, an exhaust channel in the housing and an overflow channel in the impactor, a drilling tool. The disadvantage of this pneumatic hammer is low impact power due to the high back pressure in the front chamber idle This degrades all other positive qualities of throttle hammers - simplicity of design and reliability. The closest to the proposed by the technical essence and the achieved result is a pneumatic hammer, comprising a housing made with an air inlet throttle channel and having a working stroke chamber and an overflow undercut that is in direct communication with the chamber idling, a hammer with a channel and a working tool. The disadvantage of this pneumatic hammer is the considerable amount of back pressure in the idling chamber which brakes the movement of the hammer. before impact, which reduces the energy of a single blow. The reason for this is the presence of an air inlet of the throttle channel that communicates the network directly with the idling chamber. The size of the throttle channel cannot be infinitely small and must ensure the passage of such a quantity of air that is necessary to form (together with a bypass) an idle pulse. The purpose of the invention is to increase the energy of a single blow by reducing the back pressure in the idling chamber. This goal is achieved due to the fact that the air inlet throttle channel is opened in the bypass undercut of the hammer. At the same time, air with high energy parameters accumulates in the bypass undercut and participates in the formation of a no-load impulse after the impactor’s impact with the tool, which, with the same total air flow, reduces the back pressure in the idle chamber and increases the energy of a single blow. The drawing schematically shows a hammer, a longitudinal section. The pneumatic hammer comprises a housing 1 with an outlet channel 2 and air duct choke channels 3 and 4, respectively for the working stroke chamber and the bypass valve b. The no-load chamber 7 is continuously communicated by the choke bypass channel 8 with the notch b. The hammer has a drummer 9 with a bypass channel 10, periodically by means of a notch, communicating chambers 5 and 7, a tool 11 and a handle 12 with a starting device. The air inlet throttle channel 4 is opened in the bypass recess 6 of the hammer. The hammer works as follows. After switching on the starting device of the handle 12 (not shown in the drawing and can be of any type), the compressed air from the source from the network through channels 3 and 4 enters simultaneously into the chamber 5 and the undercut b. From point b on channel 8, air flows into chamber 7 of idling in an amount sufficient to start. Since the chamber 5 is channel 2 of soybean dinene with the surrounding space, the pressure in it is close to atmospheric and the impactor 9 under the action of the pressure pulse from the side of chamber 7 begins to move away from tool 11, making idling. From the moment the drummer 9 closes it and the channel 10 is opened into the undercut 6, part of the air from it flows into chamber 5. After the end of the interaction of channel 10 with the undercut 6, the air in it accumulates. When the striker 9 opens the undercutting edge b, the volumes of chamber 7 and undercut b are connected, as a result of which the idle pressure pressure pulse increases to the calculated one. After the drummer 9 opens channel 2 from chamber 7, air is released into the surrounding space. Driving at the expense of accumulated energy, the hammer 9 slows down, aided by the backpressure from air compression in chamber 5, the process that started from the moment the canal 2 was closed by the drummer. At a certain calculated point, the impact of pressure 9 from the chamber side 5, made a working stroke. During subsequent movement, the impactor 9 closes channel 2 and in chamber 7 the process of compressing the air cut off in it and air flowing into the recess b from the network through channel 4 begins. When channel 10 coincides with the recess b, part of the air flows through it into chamber 7, than favorable conditions are created to form a no-load power pulse. Moving to tool 11, the drummer 9 with the lower end closes the cutting edge of the recess and air enters chamber 7 only through channel 8. At some point, the interaction of channel 10 with recess b stops and air from chamber 5 stops flowing into recess b and the upper end of the drummer 9 exhaust 2 from the chamber 5 will release the exhaust air already with a slightly lower pressure than is the case with hammers without overflow channels. This circumstance also contributes to the reduction of the noise of the hammer from the exhaust air from both the working chamber and the idle chamber. Having overcome some back pressure from the chamber 7 side, the striker 9 strikes the tool 11 and the process described above is repeated with the only difference that due to the high speeds of the striker 9, through the throttle channel 8 air enters the chamber 7 much less during start-up time, which reduces the backpressure during the pre-impact period. On the other hand, the initial idle impulse is not reduced, since after the impact the impactor is informed by the impulse to rebound from the tool. The invention includes a pneumatic hammer comprising a housing made with an air intake throttle channel and having a working travel chamber and a bypass recess which is permanently connected to the idle speed chamber, a hammer with a channel and a working tool, characterized in that In order to increase the energy of a single blow by reducing the back pressure in the idling chamber, the AIR SUPPLY choke channel is opened in the bypass undercut of the hammer. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR 546708, cl. E 21 C 3/24, 12/6/73.

2. Authors certificate of the USSR. 571597, cl. E 21 C 3/24, 03/24/78.

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