RU2334106C2 - Impact-action air-operated device with throttle air control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps, mining operations.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a supply air chamber, a device cutting in the compressed feed into the supply air chamber, a hollow cylinder housing a striker separating the cylinder space into idle cycle and running cycle chambers, an accumulation chamber communicating continuously, via passageway, with the running cycle chamber and arranged on the cylinder end face on the said running cycle chamber side, a constantly open throttle operation chamber inlet channel, an outlet channel furnished in the cylinder side wall, a working tool with a tail. The aforesaid device has a barrel provided with an annular collar and a flow-through pressure augmentor chamber arranged on the idle cycle chamber side communicating continuously, via the cover throttle inlet channel, annular groove and the cylinder lengthwise channel, with the supply air chamber, and, intermittently, via the pressure augmentor radial channel and the cylinder annular groove, with the idle operation chamber. The striker is furnished with the throttling start channel. The aforesaid barrel bottom faces the cover and bears, by its annular collar, on the cover collar to form the supply air chamber, the distance from the pressure augmentor channel exit to the outlet channel being smaller than the striker length.

EFFECT: higher effect on the processed medium.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and mining impact machines and can be used to create manual pneumatic hammers for mechanical engineering, as well as heavy pneumatic impact machines for the destruction of rocks and frozen soils.

A pneumatic hammer is known (see, for example, AS USSR No. 787632, M. Cl. E21C 3/24, 1980), containing a working tool, a hammer with a channel opened from the side of the working chamber, intake and exhaust channels with an annular recess chamber in the cylinder and idle chambers on the side of the working tool, communicated with each other by a channel in the cylinder, and the annular recess chamber on the side of the exhaust channel is in constant communication with the compressed air network and is blocked periodically by the hammer.

The indicated and similar technical solutions have disadvantages: the annular recess chamber and the idle chamber are constantly connected to each other, which causes significant pressure from the side of the idle chamber and slows down the hammer, reducing its pre-shock speed, therefore, the kinetic energy of the hammer transmitted to the instrument; the channel in the drummer by means of a radial exit on its side surface before the blow passes part of the air with significant pressure from the working chamber into the annular recess chamber and through the channel in the cylinder into the idle chamber, which also contributes to an increase in back pressure in the idle chamber before the impactor strikes tool; after impact, the channel in the drummer bypasses part of the air from the annular recess chamber, and hence the idle chamber, into the working chamber with lower air pressure in it, which significantly reduces the pressure impulse from the side of the idle chamber and does not provide calculated idle speed, increases idle time, reduces the frequency and energy of impact.

Also known is a pneumatic hammer with throttle air distribution (see, for example, AS USSR No. 1285147, class E21B 37/24, B25D 9/00, 1987), containing a handle with a starting device, a housing with a central channel and a cover between it and the handle, a drummer dividing the central channel of the housing into the idle and working chamber chambers, the last of which is connected to the accumulation chamber located between it and the handle in the form of a hollow cylindrical element with a blank cover and a bottom, in which the bypass throttle channel is made, count tsevuyu flow chamber pressure network covering lid and is constantly reported by the throttle and the air supply channels with the working chamber and the idle stroke and the working tool, the central channel formed in the guide, in which is placed a hollow cylindrical tool axially displaceable within the central channel. The specified pneumatic impact device with throttle air distribution adopted as a prototype, as containing the largest number of essential features used in the proposed technical solution.

The prototype has drawbacks: the communication of annular indentation chambers with the network air chamber and the idle chamber through the through longitudinal inlet channel in the cylinder increases the accumulation volume, which must be filled with air to the design pressure from the network through the network air chamber and the through longitudinal inlet channel, however this leads to a loss of the kinetic energy of the projectile, and at the beginning of idling after a collision and an increase in the volume of the idle chamber, an air pressure pulse with side idling chamber is insufficient to provide the calculated value of the impactor stroke, thereby increasing the time of idling and decreasing the frequency of attacks with considerable irrational air flow from the network; The communication of the annular inlet chambers with the network air chamber and the working chamber through the through longitudinal inlet channel in the cylinder increases the accumulation volume, which must be filled with air up to the calculated pressure from the network through the network air chamber and the through longitudinal inlet channel, but this leads to premature braking of the firing pin at the end of idle due to the creation of significant back pressure in the chamber of the stroke, which leads to an excess of the calculated value of imp of the recoil force acting on the cover and causing significant excesses of the permissible values in amplitude, an increase in gravity on the body and worsens the sanitary and hygienic conditions for different machines, reduces the reliability and durability of parts and, in general, the design of the pneumatic impact device and the machine, based on which pneumatic shock device is aggregated; the increased volume of the chamber of the working stroke with a reduced air pressure in the chamber at the beginning of the working stroke does not provide an impulse to realize the calculated average pressure along the path of the striker and leads to a decrease in its kinetic energy and frequency of impacts.

The noted disadvantages of the prototype as a whole reduce the effectiveness of interaction with the processed medium.

The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the effect of shock on the medium being processed by reducing the volume of the working chamber itself and increasing the volume of the idling chamber itself; fastening to the through channel, which constantly connects the network air chamber and the idle chamber, the functions of the launch channel; combining the inlet chambers from the side of the idle chamber in the form of a non-flowing afterburner chamber, communicating it with the network air chamber continuously by the inlet throttle channel and periodically with the idle chamber by means of the afterburner; combining the inlet chambers from the side of the working chamber in the form of a camera with accumulation volume, communicating it constantly with the working chamber by the bypass channel.

At the same time, it is necessary to block the afterburner channel communicating with the idle chamber and the afterburner chamber during operation and open the message during idle at a certain section of the drummer’s movement. The aforementioned will allow not creating a significant air backpressure in the idle chamber upon impact, and therefore, increase the speed of impact. During acceleration of the striker in the initial period of idling, the air pressure in the chamber will decrease slightly due to its entry from the network camera, and when the afterburner is opened, the pressure in the idle chamber will increase, and the striker will receive an additional pressure impulse and increase its speed towards the cover. The aforementioned will reduce the time of movement of the drummer at idle and increase the frequency of impacts.

Thus, in order to achieve the effect, it is necessary to change the coordinate of the afterburner channel and the afterburner chamber must be continuously communicated with the compressed air network via the network air chamber.

The problem is solved in that the pneumatic shock device with throttle air distribution includes a mains air chamber, a device for turning on compressed air to the mains air chamber, a hollow cylinder, a hammer placed therein, dividing the cylinder cavity into idle and working chambers, an accumulation chamber constantly bypass channel with a working chamber installed on the end of the cylinder from the side of the working chamber of the cover and a constantly open throttle inlet channel a working chamber, an exhaust channel made in the side wall of the cylinder, a working tool with a shank, and the device is equipped with a glass with an annular collar and a flowing afterburner located on the side of the idle chamber, which is constantly in constant communication with the air supply chamber through the throttle inlet channel in the cover, an annular groove and a longitudinal channel in the cylinder and periodically with the idle chamber by means of the afterburner radial channel and the annular undercut made in the cylinder, the firing pin has a throttle run channel, the glass faces its bottom to the lid and rests on the annular shoulder formed in the cover flange to form a network of air chambers, and the distance from the cut edge of the shut-off channel to the outlet channel afterburner formed smaller length impactor.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of a through cranked channel in the hammer.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of a helical groove on a part of the length of the side surface of the hammer from the side of the tool shank.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of a through inclined channel in the hammer.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of an inclined groove on the side surface of the striker.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of a longitudinal groove on a part of the length of the side surface of the hammer from the side of the tool shank.

It is advisable to run the throttle channel in the form of a flat on the part of the length of the side surface of the striker from the side of the tool shank.

Pneumatic shock device with throttle air distribution (figure 1) contains a hollow cylinder 1 with an annular recess 2 with a drummer 3 located therein, dividing the cavity of the cylinder 1 into the chambers of the working 4 and idle 5 strokes, the accumulation chamber 6, constantly communicated by the bypass channel 7 sec travel camera. The cover 8 is provided with a flange shoulder 9 and a sealing shoulder 10, through which it rests on the end 11 of the cylinder 1 and the glass 12, which is equipped with an annular shoulder 13 facing the shoulder 10. The cover 8 is also provided with an inlet throttle channel 14 into the chamber 4 and a throttle channel 15 with the transition to the annular groove 16 in the cylinder with the continuation of the longitudinal channel 17 into the annular flow chamber of the afterburner 18, formed from the side of the idle chamber 5 by the side surfaces of the cylinder and the coupling 19. The glass 12 is sealed and detachable, for example in the middle Twomey threaded joint is fastened to the cylinder 1 and provided with an air supply channel 20 from the trigger device 21 of any known type. Between the cup 12 and the flange 10 of the lid 8, a network air chamber 22 is formed. The annular afterburner chamber of the afterburner 18 is periodically communicated through the radial channel 23 of the afterburner with the chamber 5 and the radial outlet channel 24, at the level of which an air baffle ring 25 with an outlet slot channel 26 is installed. Between the ring 25 and the exhaust chamber 27 is formed by the cylinder 1. The shank 28 of the working tool 29 is installed in the chamber 5 and is kept from falling out by the device for holding it, for example, in the form of a rubberized metal cap 30 fixed detachably relative to the cylinder 1 by means of a threaded or other known connection. The drummer 3 for ensuring the start of the pneumatic device is equipped with a through cranked channel 31 (Fig. 1), or a helical groove 32 (Fig. 2), or a through inclined channel 33 (Fig. 3), or an inclined groove 34 (Fig. 4), or a longitudinal groove 35 on a part of the side surface of the striker (FIG. 5), or a flat 36 on a part of the side surface of the striker (FIG. 6).

Pneumatic shock device with throttle air distribution works as follows.

When the starter 21 is turned on, compressed air enters through the channel 20 in the glass 12 into the network chamber 22. From the chamber 22, the network air enters the working chamber 4 through the throttle channel 14 and through the throttle channel 15, the groove 16 and the channel 17 to the afterburner 18. From the chamber 18, compressed air through the radial channel 23 of the afterburner, the annular undercut 2 and the through cranked channel 31 (Fig. 1), or the helical groove 32 (Fig. 2), or the through inclined channel 33 (Fig. 3), or an inclined groove 34 (figure 4), or a longitudinal groove 35 on the hammer (see figure 5), or flats 36 on the hammer (figure 6) enters the idle chamber 5.

Since the chamber 4 and the chamber 6 are in communication with each other, and the chamber 4 is in communication with the atmosphere through the channel 24, the chamber 27 and the channel 26 having passage sections large in comparison with the cross section of the inlet throttle channel 14 in the cover 8, the pressure in the chamber 4 will be maintained at atmospheric level. The chamber 5 with the atmosphere is disconnected and the air entering it from the chamber 18 by means of an annular undercut 2 and a through cranked channel 31 (Fig. 1), or a helical groove 32 (Fig. 2), or a through inclined channel 33 (Fig. 3), or an inclined groove 34 (Fig. 4), or a longitudinal groove 35 on the striker (see Fig. 5), or flats 36 on the striker (Fig. 6) determines the pressure increase in it and the movement of the striker 3 towards the chambers 4 and 6, which causes the beginning of idling.

When moving the hammer 3, the pressure in the idle chamber 5 will slightly decrease. This is because the rapidly increasing volume of the chamber 5 during idle does not have time to fill with air coming from the chamber 18 through the afterburner channel 23, the annular undercut 2 and the throttle channel, made in the form of a through cranked channel 31 (Fig. 1), or a helical groove 32 (FIG. 2), or a through inclined channel 33 (FIG. 3), or an inclined groove 34 (FIG. 4), or a longitudinal groove 35 on the hammer (see FIG. 5), or flats 36 on the hammer (FIG. 6).

With further movement of the striker 3, its lateral surface will open the afterburner channel 23 and the air accumulated in the chamber 18 will sharply fill the volume of the chamber 5 and significantly increase the air pressure impulse during idling and the velocity of the striker.

With the subsequent movement of the striker 3, its lateral surface will block the exhaust channel 24. Simultaneously, in the chamber 4 of the working stroke and chamber 6, the process of compression of the air cut off in them and the air of the network again coming from the chamber 22 through the inlet throttle channel 14 in the cover 8 will begin.

After the lateral surface of the striker 3 of the exhaust channel 24 is opened, the air pressure in the idle chamber 5 and the afterburner chamber 18 connected with it will decrease to atmospheric pressure, since through the outlet channel 24 the chamber 5, and the chamber 18 through the afterburner channel 23, communicate with the exhaust chamber 27 and through a slot 26 in the air ring 25 with the atmosphere. Under the influence of the difference of pulses of air pressure in the chambers 4 and 5, the hammer 3 will slow down its movement and stop at the calculated point. Immediately under the influence of an air pressure impulse from the side of the chamber 4, the hammer will begin to move rapidly toward the shank 28 of the working tool 29, making a working stroke.

The pressure in the chambers 5 and 18 will remain almost equal to atmospheric, since the exhaust channels 24 and 26, as well as the afterburner channel 23, have passage areas that significantly exceed the areas of the inlet throttle channel 15, the groove 16, and channel 17.

Upon subsequent movement, the striker 3 will block the outlet channel 24 sequentially with its lateral surface, as a result of which the pressure of the air cut off in the chambers 5 and 18 will begin, as well as the air again flowing into these chambers through the ring groove 2 and the through bent channel 31 (Fig. .1), either a helical groove 32 (FIG. 2), or a through inclined channel 33 (FIG. 3), or an inclined groove 34 (FIG. 4), or a longitudinal groove 35 on the hammer (see FIG. 5), or I search 36 on the hammer (6) and through the throttle channel 15, the groove 16, channel 17 and channel 23. After it is open Inlet chambers 24, the pressure in the chambers 4 and 6 of the working stroke will decrease to atmospheric pressure, despite the supply of air through the inlet throttle channel 14 from the chamber 22, since the passage section of the outlet channel 24 is significantly larger than the passage section of the inlet throttle channel 14 in the cover 8. Thus, the exhaust air from the chambers 4 and 6 is discharged through the channel 24 into the exhaust chamber 27 and through the slotted channel 26 in the air exhaust ring 25 to the atmosphere.

As the striker makes a working stroke, the air pressure in the chamber 5 and the chamber 18 communicated with it through the afterburner 23 will increase. Upon subsequent blocking by the striker 3 of the afterburner channel 23, the air pressure in the chamber 18 will increase rapidly to the network level due to its continuous flow into the chamber through the inlet throttle channel 15, the groove 16, channel 17 from the network chamber 22. The increased air pressure in the chamber 18 practically does not affect increasing backpressure in the chamber 5, since the area of the through section of the through cranked channel 31 (Fig. 1), or the helical groove 32 (Fig. 2), or the through inclined channel 33 (Fig. 3), or the inclined groove 34 (Fig. 4) ), lib about the longitudinal groove 35 on the hammer (see FIG. 5), or the flats 36 on the hammer (FIG. 6) is significantly smaller than the passage area of the throttle channel 17. Under the influence of the difference of pressure pulses in chambers 4 and 5, the hammer 3 strikes the shank 28 tool 29, and the described working process will be repeated with the difference that the idle of the hammer will also be formed with the participation of the pulse of the rebound of the hammer from the shank of the tool.

The implementation of the inlet throttle channel 15 in the cover 8 together with the groove 16 and the channel 17 allows you to provide the calculated air pressure in the flow chamber of the afterburner 18 with the blocked channel of the afterburner 23 by the hammer 3, and when the chamber 5 communicates with the atmosphere through the channel 24, the air flow rate of the channel 15 will not exceed estimated. The above allows, without increasing the total air flow rate, due to the afterburner implementation at idle from the side of the chamber 5, in conjunction with the placement of the afterburner channel 23 in the cylinder wall 1 at a distance from the exhaust channel 24 no more than the landing length of the hammer 3, reduce backpressure in the chamber 5 due to using the bore of the through bent channel 31 (FIG. 1), or the helical groove 32 (FIG. 2), or the through bent channel 33 (FIG. 3), or the inclined groove 34 (FIG. 4), or the longitudinal groove 35 on the hammer (see figure 5), or flats 36 for oud rnik (Fig. 6) significantly smaller compared to channel 15, by redirecting a reduced part of the air to the afterburner chamber 18 by means of the inlet throttle channel 15 in the lid 8. The reduction of back pressure in the chamber 5 when using the afterburner pulse will also allow to increase the stroke size of the striker without increasing the cycle time, since the idle time due to an increase in the speed of the hammer 3 will decrease. Ultimately, this will contribute to an increase in impact power and, consequently, to an increase in the impact efficiency on the medium being treated.

Claims (7)

1. A pneumatic shock device with throttle air distribution, including a network air chamber, a device for switching on compressed air to the network air chamber, a hollow cylinder, a hammer placed in it, dividing the cylinder cavity into idle and working chambers, an accumulation chamber, constantly informed by a bypass channel with a travel chamber mounted on the end of the cylinder from the side of the travel chamber, a cover and a constantly open throttle inlet channel to the stroke chamber, exhaust to an analisys made in the side wall of the cylinder, a working tool with a shank, characterized in that the device is equipped with a glass with an annular collar and a flowing afterburner located on the side of the idle chamber, constantly in communication with the network air chamber through the throttle inlet channel in the cover, annular groove and the longitudinal channel in the cylinder, and periodically with the idle chamber through the radial channel of the afterburner and the ring groove made in the cylinder, while the hammer has a draw a trigger launch channel, the glass faces its bottom towards the lid and rests with an annular shoulder on the shoulder made in the lid with the formation of a network air chamber, and the distance from the cut-off edge of the afterburner cut-off to the exhaust channel is made shorter than the length of the striker. 2. The pneumatic shock device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of a through bent channel in the hammer. 3. The pneumatic impact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of a helical groove on part of the length of the side surface of the hammer from the side of the tool shank. 4. The pneumatic shock device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of a through inclined channel in the hammer. 5. The pneumatic impact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of an inclined groove on the side surface of the hammer. 6. The pneumatic impact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of a longitudinal groove in part of the length of the side surface of the hammer from the side of the tool shank. 7. The pneumatic impact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the throttle trigger channel is made in the form of a flat on a part of the length of the side surface of the hammer from the side of the tool shank.

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