SU740944A1 - Pneumatic hammer - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the forge M and the construction of percussion machines that can be used to create manual pneumatic hammers with valveless air distribution and stepped percussion machines, as well as pneumatic percussion machines for the destruction of X. rocks and frozen soils. Pneumatic hammers are known that contain a body with air inlets, exhaust, throttle channels and a central stepped channel in which a stepped impactor with an inlet and outlet channel is installed with a possibility of reciprocating to the movement leg. The drummer forms with the casing a controllable stroke chamber, an annular network pressure chamber, CONSTANTLY connected to the source of compressed air, an accumulator chamber constantly connected by a throttle channel with the network pressure chamber and an atmospheric pressure chamber from the working tool l}. The accumulator chamber with the throttle channel connecting it to the network pressure chamber and the working stroke camera, increases the average air pressure in the operation chamber when the drummer-B side moves. At the same time, the age of & energy of the blow is significant. The vibration and power characteristics of a pneumatic hammer are improved. However, the filling of the working stroke chamber and the average air pressure in it during the working stroke of the impactor remain insufficient in this hammer, and the constant back pressure pulse from the side of the network pressure chamber is significantly slowed down by the impactor. In addition, the presence of an atmospheric pressure chamber causes only partial use of the end areas of the striker in the process, for example, the butt end of the tool side is constantly unloaded, as it is under atmospheric pressure. The closest to the described invention to the technical essence and achieved the result of the garden is a pneumatic hammer containing a working tool, a handle and a body with air inlets, exhaust valves, throttle lines and central stepped channel in which the stepped bumper is installed with a step bumper, and a central impactor equipped with a stepped channel and a stepper channel with the option of a forward and right directional transmitter. with the front channel and with the inlet and outlet channels of compressed air and the working stroke chamber forming the body, the annular network pressure chamber, constant But the message from the source of compressed air accumulator tsioshuyu chamber, exhaust chamber and the chamber uprashshemuyu idling 2 | In this hammer, the hammer through the bypass channel informs the periodicischeoki, at the end of the idle and the beginning of the working stroke, the striker, the accumulator chamber and the controlled idle chamber. During operation, the entire area of the cross section of the impactor (from the ends) participates It does not increase the removal of power from the chamber volumes of the cylinders of the hammer casing. However, the filling of the controlled idling chamber and the average air pressure in it when the drum is idling, remain in this hammer insufficient to throw the hammer over the entire length of the ego stroke. In addition, there is still a significant permanent backpressure impulse from the pressure chamber chamber, which restrains the striker from accelerating to high speeds, since the chamber does not unload when the channel connecting it with the working stroke chamber is almost 1/3 of the size of the overall stroke drummer. Braking of the impactor during the working stroke increases also because during the specified period of time (or movement of the impactor) the air from the network pressure chamber or accumulator chamber does not flow, because the inlet channel is closed by an elongated shoulder separating the chamber, which reduces the average. droshtenie on the way to the drum working chamber. The air used as a result of the bypass from the accumulation chamber to the controllable idling chamber has much lower internal energy than the net pressure supplied to the chamber. There is a loss of internal energy of air, as they occur at the site of throttling from the chamber of the network pressure into the accumulation chamber; & pg, when the channel is bypassed between the same chambers, and also when the channel is re-bypassed from the accumulation chamber into the chamber idle move. In addition, the bypass channel has two elbows that change the direction of air flow; Consequently, the resistance in the channel reaches significant values and increases the total loss in a double bypass. The aim of the purchase is to further increase the impact power of the hammer, as well as to reduce the specific consumption of compressed air. The goal is achieved by the fact that the bypass channel is opened on the lateral surface of the greater drummer stage and on the end surface of its lesser stage for periodically communicating a controllable idling chamber with the junction chamber of the network pressure. In this case, one can somewhat {reduce the annular area of the striker from the side of the network pressure chamber. , The drawing shows the proposed pneumatic hammer with a longitudinal incision along the body. The hammer includes a housing 1 with a central HSH1M step channel in which a step drummer 2 with an intake and exhaust channel formed by longitudinal and radial channels 3 and 4, a handle 5 with a starting device and a work tool 6 with a device 7 for his hold. The housing 1, besides the central one, has air supply 8, throttle 9 and exhaust 10 channels, which are closed by the split ring 11, the Drummer 2 forms with the walls of the housing 1 a controllable working chamber 12, an annular supply chamber 13, an annular accumulator chamber 14, an exhaust chamber 15 and a controllable camera 16 of a propulsion course. At the same time, K & measures 15 and 16 are separated from each other by an annular sealing isthmus 17, which periodically interacts with drummer 2. Sealing flanges 18 and 19, which interact permanently with drummer 2, are separated from each other by chambers 13 and 14, 14 and 15, respectively. In drummer 2, an overflow channel 2O is made, which is opened (channel 21) on the side surface of the larger stage of strike 2, and also opened (channel 22) on the torus surface of the lower stage 2. In this case, chambers 13 and 16 periodically communicate with each other.

The throttle channels 9 in the collar 18 are consistently reported by cameras 13 and 14. Kaer 13 periodically communicates with camera 12 through channels 4, 4 and 3 of the impactor, which, in the reverse order, also periodically communicates with camera 14 and an exhaust chamber 15. A chamber 15 posthown by means of exhaust channels 10. Communicated with the atmosphere. The chamber 16 periodically at the exit of the striker 2 from it and the opening of the annular overhead 17 by it communicates with the chamber 15 and with the 15 atmosphere. When the starting device of the handle 5 is turned on, the chamber 13 communicates with the compressed air network.

Pneumatic hammer works as follows.20

When the handle starter is turned on, compressed air enters channel 8 into chamber 13, from where (in accordance with the position of the impactor relative to the body shown in the drawing) along the line & the inlet channel 20 in the impactor 2 goes to the controllable idling chamber 16, and also through the throttle channel 9 in the flange 18 - to the accumulator-1 camera 14. The pressure of the compressed air from the 30th side of the chambers 13 and 16 causes its movement from tool 6, idling begins. A significant initial impulse of pressure in the chamber 16 provides the striker 2 with a greater acceleration of movement at the 35 initial part of the path, which contributes to a reduction in the idle time

After the radial canal 4 of the striker 2 is closed by the flange 19, the radial canal 21 of the bypass 40 of the channel 2O is immediately shut off by the cutting edge of the chamber 13. As a result, the controllable working travel chamber 12 is uncoupled with the exhaust chamber 15 and the Air cut and in the chamber 45–16 the leakage, the air stops and the process of expanding air leakage begins in it.

When the striker 2 moves, the channel 4 is opened from the side of the chamber 14 and it communicates with the chamber 12. The additional volume of the chamber 14 provides, through the communicating channels 4 and 3, a smooth build-up of pressure in the chamber 12, excluding the appearance of pressure peaks. The steady increase in pressure in chambers 12 and 14 contributes to the constant leakage of air through throttle channel 9 into chamber 14. Due to the significant cross section of channels 3 and 4 of drummer 2, the pressure in chambers 12 and 14 is constant over the entire period of their communication .

As the pressure increases in chamber 12, the moment when the striker leaves the chamber 16 and communicates with the exhaust chamber 15, the movement of the striker 2 slows down. When the striker continues to move, channel 4 overlaps with flange 18, chambers 14 and 12 are separated, however when opening channel 4 in chamber 13, compressed air from it enters chamber 12.

Under the action of a larger difference in pressure impulse from the side of chamber 12, the impactor 2 stops - and immediately the accelerated movement to the direction of inspijTvieHTa begins a working stroke. The radial channel 4 is first blocked by the collar 18 and the flow of air from the chamber 13 into the chamber 12 is stopped, and then opened from the side of the accumulating chamber 14 with a significant supply of energy, providing communication with the chamber 12.

From this point in time, a higher average pressure in chamber 12 during a working stroke contributes to the leakage into the chamber 14 of compressed air through the throttle channel 9. By throttling, chamber 13 is somewhat unloaded, which reduces the back pressure pulse on the impactor 2 and further contributes to the development of a hammer Increasing the speed of movement, and this leads to a reduction in the time of the working stroke and an increase in the energy of a single blow. Continuing to move rapidly in the direction of the instrument, the drummer 2 closes the isthmus 17, after which the process of compressing the air cut off in it begins in chamber 16. The pressure from compression increases smoothly due to the significant volume of chamber 16 and, obviously, to a lesser extent, it influences the slowing down of the impactor 2.

In the period preceding 1 exhaust from chamber 12, the radial channel 4 is closed by the collar 19 and the agasumulation chamber 14 is disconnected from chamber 12. After that, the channel 4 of the impactor is opened from the side of the exhaust chamber 15, from the chamber 12 by means of the channels 3 and 4 the exhaust occurs at 15, and from there through channels 10 - into the atmosphere. At the subsequent moment, the bypass drip 2O opens from the chamber into chamber 13.

Claims (1)

Claim Pneumatic hammer comprising a work tool, the handle and housing with vozduhoprovodyaschih, exhaust, throttling ^{January 25} many channels itsentralnym stepped channel, wherein a reciprocating movement of the hammer is set stepwise configured passageway and the intake passage and exhaust of compressed air, and forming a working chamber with an enclosure, an annular network pressure chamber constantly in communication with a source of compressed air, an accumulation chamber, an exhaust chamber and a controllable chamber idling, characterized in that, in order to increase the impact power of the hammer, the bypass channel is opened on the side surface of the greater stage of the hammer and on the end surface of its smaller stage for periodic communication of the controlled idle chamber with the annular network pressure chamber.