SU732903A1

SU732903A1 - Functional integrator

Info

Publication number: SU732903A1
Application number: SU772539739A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владислав Дмитриевич Циделко; Николай Николаевич Барышевский; Юрий Германович Туманов
Original assignee: Киевский Ордена Ленина Политехнический Институт Им.50-Летия Великой Октябрьской Социалистической Революции
Priority date: 1977-10-24
Filing date: 1977-10-24
Publication date: 1980-05-05

Description

Изобретение относится к автоматике и вычислительной технике и может быть использовано в измерительных системах и функциональных преобразователях.The invention relates to automation and computer engineering and can be used in measuring systems and functional converters.

Известны интегрирующие преобразователи, состоящие из суммирующего ана- ⁵лотового интегратора в прямом тракте, компаратора и звена обратной связи, выполненного в виде стабилизатора импульса по вольт-секундной площади и состоящего; из' схемы интегрирования, пороговой схемы, триггера с двумя входами и электронного переключателя, коммутирую· щего источник постоянного напряженияIntegrating converters are known, consisting of a summing analog ⁵ integrator in the direct path, a comparator and a feedback link made in the form of a pulse stabilizer over the volt-second area and consisting of; from an integration circuit, a threshold circuit, a trigger with two inputs and an electronic switch that commutes a constant voltage source

Ϊ¹! · 15Ϊ ¹ ! · fifteen

Недостатком такого устройства является невозможность линеаризации передаточной характеристики устройства в широком динамической диапазоне.The disadvantage of this device is the inability to linearize the transfer characteristics of the device in a wide dynamic range.

Известны функциональные интеграторы, состоящие из интегратора, компаратора, формирователя импульсов обратной связи и ключа, а также сумматора, один вход которого соединен с источником компенси— рующего напряжения интегрирующего преобразователя, второй вход - с источником преобразуемого напряжения, а выход подключен к одному входу переключателя, выход которого соединен с ключом подключения- компенсирующего напряжения к интегратору прямо к другому входу через инвертор [2].Functional integrators are known, consisting of an integrator, a comparator, a pulse shaper and a key, as well as an adder, one input of which is connected to the source of the compensating voltage of the integrating converter, the second input is connected to the source of the converted voltage, and the output is connected to one input of the switch, the output of which is connected to the connection key of compensating voltage to the integrator directly to another input through the inverter [2].

К недостаткам такого устройства относятся ограниченные функциональные возможности устройства, ограниченный динамический диапазон, в котором может быть достигнута высокая точность линеаризации передаточной характеристики.The disadvantages of such a device include the limited functionality of the device, the limited dynamic range in which high accuracy of linearization of the transfer characteristic can be achieved.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к предложенному является функциональное интегрирующее устройство, содержащее интегратор, вход которого через ключ подключен к источнику входного сигнала, а выход соединен с одним из входов компаратора, другой вход которого подключен к первому выходу блока управления, а выход компаратора является . выходом устройства и связан с одним из входов блока управления, второй выход блока управления подключен к управляющему входу ключа, третий въкод соединен с одним из входов элемента И, другой вход которого подключен к выходу гене- 5 ратора импульсов опорной частоты, а выход связан со счетным входом двоичного счетчика, выход которого соединен с другим входом блока управления и с первыми входами элементов И группы, ю вторые входы которых, подключены к разрядный выходам двоичного счетчика, а выходы связаны со входами распределителя, и источник опорного напряжения [З].The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a functional integrating device containing an integrator, the input of which is connected through a key to the input signal source, and the output is connected to one of the comparator inputs, the other input of which is connected to the first output of the control unit, and the comparator output is. the output of the device and connected to one of the inputs of the control unit, the second output of the control unit is connected to the control input of the key, the third input is connected to one of the inputs of the element And, the other input of which is connected to the output of the 5 pulse generator of the reference frequency, and the output is connected to the counting the input of the binary counter, the output of which is connected to the other input of the control unit and to the first inputs of the elements AND groups, the second inputs of which are connected to the bit outputs of the binary counter, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the distributor, and the source reference voltage [3].

К недостаткам этого устройства от- 15 носится большое число участков аппроксимации для достижения высокой точности преобразования.The disadvantages of this device are a large number of approximation sections to achieve high conversion accuracy.

Цель изобретения - повышение точности преобразования. 20The purpose of the invention is improving the accuracy of the conversion. 20

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что в устройство введены сумматор,: дополнительный ключ, два переключателя, инверторы, два цифроаналоговых преобразователя, управляющие входы которых соединены с выходами распределителя, сигнальные входы цифроаналоговых преобразователей подключены соответственно к источнику входного сигнала и источнику опорного напряжения, а выходы цифроаналоговых преобразователей соединены со входами генератора импульсов опорной частоты, первый вход сумматора подклю-^; _t4eH к источнику опорного напряжения, второй вход связан с подвижным контак- 35 том первого переключателя, один неподвижный контакт которого непосредственно а другой через первый инвертор’; подключены к источнику преобразуемого напряжения, выход сумматора соединен со вхо- ⁴⁰дом второго инвертора и с первым неподвижным контактом второго переключателя, второй неподвижный контакт которого подключен к выходу второго инвертора, а подвижный контакт переключателя ⁴⁵через дополнительный ключ соединен со входом интегратора, причём управляющие входы переключателей и дополнительного ключа подключены к соответствующим выходам блока управления. ⁵⁰ This goal is achieved by the fact that an adder is introduced into the device: an additional switch, two switches, inverters, two digital-to-analog converters, the control inputs of which are connected to the distributor outputs, the signal inputs of the digital-to-analog converters are connected respectively to the input signal source and the reference voltage source, and the digital-to-analog outputs the converters are connected to the inputs of the pulse generator of the reference frequency, the first input of the adder is connected ^; _t 4eH to the reference voltage source, the second input is connected to the movable contact of the first switch, one fixed contact of which is directly connected to the other through the first inverter '; connected to a source of the converted voltage, the output of the adder ⁴⁰ is connected to the house vho- second inverter and a first fixed contact of the second switch, the second fixed contact of which is connected to the output of the second inverter, and the movable contact of the switch ⁴⁵ via a further switch connected to the input of the integrator, with the control inputs switches and an additional key are connected to the corresponding outputs of the control unit. ^fifty

На чертеже приведена структурная схема предлагаемого устройства.The drawing shows a structural diagram of the proposed device.

'Функциональное интегрирующее устройство содержит сумматор 1, один из вхо- ₅₅дов которого подключен к источнику опорного напряжения Х_о и к одному из входов первого цифроаналогового преобразователя 2, один из входов второго цифро аналогового преобразователя 3 связан со входом устройства, а его управляющий вход соединен с одним из выходов распределителя 4, другой выход которого подключен к управляющему входу цифроаналогового преобразователя 2, а выходы обоих цифроаналоговых преобразователей подключены к соответствующим входам генератора 5 импульсов опорной частоты, другой вход сумматора 1 соединен с выходом первого переключателя 6, один из входов которого прямо» другой через первый инвертор 7 связаны со входом устройства и с одним из входов первого ключа 8, выход сумматора 1 соединен со входом второго инвертора 9 и с одним из входов второго переключателя 10, другой вход которого связан с выходом инвертора 9, а выход подключен к одному из входов дополнительного ключа 11, выход которого связан со входом интегратора 12 и с выходом ключа 8, выход ин- . тегратора соединен с одним из входов компаратора 13, другой вход которого связан с первым выходом блока 14 управления, а выход подключен к первому входу блока управления, другой выход которого связан с управляющим входом переключателя 10, а четвертый выход подключен к одному из входов элемента 15 И, другой вход которого связан с выходом генератора 5 импульсов опорной частоты, а выход подключен к счетному . входу двоичного счетчика 16, основной выход которого соединен со вторым входом блока управления и с одним из входов группы элементов 17 Й, другой вход которых связан с разрядными выходами двоичного счетчика 16, а выходы подключены к соответствующим входам распределителя 4.'' The functional integrating device contains an adder 1, one of the inputs of which ₅₅ is connected to a reference voltage source X _o and to one of the inputs of the first digital-to-analog converter 2, one of the inputs of the second digital-to-analog converter 3 is connected to the input of the device, and its control input is connected with one of the outputs of the distributor 4, the other output of which is connected to the control input of the digital-to-analog converter 2, and the outputs of both digital-to-analog converters are connected to the corresponding inputs of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency, the other input of the adder 1 is connected to the output of the first switch 6, one of the inputs of which directly through the first inverter 7 is connected to the input of the device and to one of the inputs of the first switch 8, the output of the adder 1 is connected to the input of the second inverter 9 and with one of the inputs of the second switch 10, the other input of which is connected to the output of the inverter 9, and the output is connected to one of the inputs of the additional key 11, the output of which is connected to the input of the integrator 12 and the output of the key 8, the output is in. the tegrarator is connected to one of the inputs of the comparator 13, the other input of which is connected to the first output of the control unit 14, and the output is connected to the first input of the control unit, the other output of which is connected to the control input of the switch 10, and the fourth output is connected to one of the inputs of the element 15 AND , the other input of which is connected with the output of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency, and the output is connected to the counting. the input of the binary counter 16, the main output of which is connected to the second input of the control unit and to one of the inputs of the group of elements 17, the other input of which is connected to the bit outputs of the binary counter 16, and the outputs are connected to the corresponding inputs of the distributor 4.

Работа устройства заключается в следующем.The operation of the device is as follows.

Блок 14 управления дает сигнал начала измерения. При этом открывается ключ 8, посредством чего входное напряжение X от источника преобразуемого напряжения поступает на вход интегратора 12, одновременно с этим из блока управления приходит разрешение на элемент 15 И на прохождение импульсов генератора 5 импульсов опорной частоты на счетный вход двоичнЪго счетчика 16. Линейное увеличение выходного напряжения интегратора 12 продолжается в течение первого такта двоичного интегрирования, т. е. времени _т _ нThe control unit 14 gives a signal to start the measurement. In this case, the key 8 is opened, whereby the input voltage X from the source of the converted voltage is supplied to the input of the integrator 12, at the same time, permission is sent to the element 15 And from the control unit to pass the pulses of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency to the counting input of the binary counter 16. Linear increase the output voltage of the integrator 12 continues during the first cycle of binary integration, i.e., time _t _ n

То’ где N - емкость двоичного счетчика 12; £частота импульсов, заполняющих счетчик в первом такте двойного интегрирования.That ’where N is the capacity of the binary counter 12; £ frequency of pulses filling the counter in the first double integration cycle.

В момент переполнения двоичный счет- 5 чик обнуляется и выдает сигнал конца первого такта в блок управления, при этом закрывается ключ 8 и открывается ключ 11, переключатель 10 устанавливается по сигналу из блока управления в такое положение, чтобы компенсирующий сигнал поступающий через ключ 11 на вход интегратора, имел полярность противоположную входному сигналу. На протяжении второго такта в двоичном счетчике накапли- ¹⁵веется количество импульсов, пропорциональное входному сигналуAt the time of overflow, the binary counter-5 is reset and gives the signal of the end of the first clock to the control unit, while the key 8 is closed and the key 11 is opened, the switch 10 is set according to the signal from the control unit to such a position that the compensation signal arriving through the key 11 to the input integrator, had a polarity opposite to the input signal. During the second cycle, the number of pulses proportional to the input signal is accumulated in the binary counter ¹⁵

XN 4*1 где ~ частота импульсов, заполняющих двоичный счетчик во втором такте двойного интегрирования; ²⁵X*- величина компенсирующего сигнала.XN 4 * 1 where ~ is the frequency of the pulses filling the binary counter in the second double integration cycle; ²⁵ X * - value of the compensating signal.

Наличие на одном из входов сумматора 1 переключателя 6 и инвертора 7 позволяет получить на его. выходе компенси- ³⁰руюший сигнал вида Х_к -Х_о t КХ . Введение двух цифроаналоговых преобразователей 2 и 3 в каналах опорного и преобразуемого сигналов, управляемых согласно заданному алгоритму с выходов рас- 35 пределителя 4 и воздействующих своими выходными аналоговыми сигналами на соответствующие входы генератора 5 импульсов опорной частоты, позволяет получать выходную частоту импульсов генера- ^wтора, находящуюся в функциональной зависимости от величины опорного и преобразуемого сигналов как в первом, так и во втором тактах двойного интегрирования. Таким образом, во втором такте ⁴⁵двойного интегрирования в зависимости от состояния счетчика 16 включаются последовательно элементы И группы 17, соответствующие участкам аппроксимации передаточной функции устройства.^ со- ⁵⁰ответствии с этим изменяется частота — \ импульсов генератора 5 импульсов опорной частоты.The presence on one of the inputs of the adder 1 switch 6 and inverter 7 allows you to get it. ³⁰ ruyushy compensated output signal of the form X _to -X _about t BCH. The introduction of two digital-to-analog converters 2 and 3 in the channels of the reference and converted signals, controlled according to the specified algorithm from the outputs of the distributor 4 and acting on the corresponding inputs of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency with their output analog signals, makes it possible to obtain the output frequency of the generator pulses ^w , which is functionally dependent on the magnitude of the reference and converted signals in both the first and second cycles of double integration. Thus, in the second bar ⁴⁵ double integration depending on the state of the counter 16 are connected in series and the elements of group 17, corresponding portions approximating the transfer function of the device ⁵⁰ co ^ otvetstvii this frequency varies -. \ Pulse generator 5, the reference frequency pulses.

Интегрирующее устройство позволяет моделировать квадратичный и кусочноквадратичный характер передаточной функции устройства с независимо^ регулировкой коэффициентов при X и Х^, т. е. передаточную функцию вида:The integrating device allows you to simulate the quadratic and piecewise quadratic nature of the transfer function of the device with independently ^ adjustment of the coefficients for X and X ^, i.e., a transfer function of the form:

Кроме того, при помощи такого интегрирующего устройства могут быть смоделированы передаточные функции, в которых коэффициенты при различных степенях X могут регулироваться независимо друг от друга.In addition, with the help of such an integrating device, transfer functions can be simulated in which the coefficients at various degrees of X can be adjusted independently of each other.

Моделирование передаточных функций позволяет расширить функциональные возможности интегрирующих устройств, уменьшить число участков аппроксимации, и, тем самым, повысить точность функцио Иальных интегрирующих устройств.Simulation of transfer functions allows expanding the functionality of integrating devices, reducing the number of approximation sections, and, thereby, increasing the accuracy of functional Integrating devices.

Claims

The invention relates to automation and computing and can be used in measurement systems and functional converters; Integrating converters are known, consisting of a summing analog integrator in the forward path, a comparator and a feedback link, made in the form of a pulse stabilizer over a volt-second area and consisting of; from the integration scheme, the threshold scheme, the two-trigger trigger and the electronic switch that switches the DC voltage source. The disadvantage of such a device is the impossibility of linearizing the transfer characteristic of the device in a wide wild range. There are functional integrators consisting of an integrator, a comparator, a feedback pulse driver and a key, as well as an adder, one input of which is connected to a source of compensating voltage of an integrating rectifier, and the second input is connected to a source of transformed voltage the input of the switch, the output of which is connected to the key of the connection - compensating voltage to. and the tegrator directly to another input through the inverter 2; The disadvantages of such a device are limited functions -functional device capabilities, limited dynamic range, which can be achieved high accuracy linearization of the transfer characteristic. The closest in technical support to the proposed is a functional and integrating device containing an integrator whose input is connected via a key to the input source and the output connected to one of the comparator inputs, the other input of which is connected to the first output of the control unit, and the comparator input. is. device output and connected to one of the 37 control inputs, the second control unit output is connected to the ynpaBnjnoe key input, the third code is connected to one of the inputs of the And element, the other input of which is connected to the output of the reference frequency pulse generator, and the output is connected the counter input of a binary counter, the output of which is connected to another input of the control unit and to the first inputs of the AND elements of the group, the second inputs of which are connected to the bit counter of the binary counter, and the outputs are connected to the inputs of the distributor, and the source of supports th voltage PP The disadvantages of this device provides a large number of sites approximation. to achieve high conversion accuracy. The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the conversion. The goal is achieved by adding an adder to the device: an additional key, two switches, inverters, two analogue analogue converters, the control inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the distributor, the signal inputs of the digital-analogue converters are connected respectively to the input source and the Reference Reference Source, and the outputs of digital analog converters are connected to the inputs of the reference frequency pulse generator, the first input of the adder is connected to the reference voltage source, the second th input is coupled to the movable contact of the first switch, one contact of which STILL kny directly and the other via the first invertrr; connected to the source of the voltage being converted, the output of the adder is connected to the second inverter and to the first fixed contact of the second switch. The second fixed contact is connected to the output of the second inverter, and the moving contact of the switch is connected to the integrator input through an additional switch, the control inputs of the switches and the additional switch are connected to the corresponding heads of the control unit. The drawing shows the structural scheme of the proposed device. The functional integrator includes an adder 1, one of whose inputs is connected to a source of the reference voltage X and to one of the inputs of the first digital-to-analog converter 2, one of the inputs of the second digital-to-analog converter 3 is connected to the input of the device, and its controlling output is connected to one from the outputs of the distributor 4, the other output of which is connected to the control input of the digital-to-analog converter 2, and the outputs of the obon of the digital-to-analog converters are connected to the corresponding generator 5 outputs reference frequency pulses, another output of the adder 1 is connected to the output of the first switch 6, one of whose inputs directly through the other through the first inverter 7 is connected to the device input to one of the switches of the first key 8, the output of the adder 1 is connected to the input of the second inverter 9 and with one of the inputs of the second switch O, apyf the go input is connected with the output of inverter 9, and the output is connected to one of the inputs of supplemental key II, the output of which is connected with the input of integrator 12 and with the output of key 8, the output of the integrator is connected to one from the entrances to an optor 13, the other input of which is connected to the first output of control unit 14, the output is connected to the first input of the control unit, the other output of which is connected to the control input of switch 10, and the fourth output is connected to one of the inputs of element 15 And, the other input 5 is connected to the generator output of the reference frequency pulses, and the output is connected to the counting one. The input of the binary counter 16, the main output of which is connected to the second end of the control unit and to one of the passes of the group of elements 17 AND, the other input of which is connected to the bit outputs of the binary counter 16, and the elevations are connected to the corresponding ports of the distributor 4, the device is next. Bl (control 14 gives a signal to start measuring. At that, key 8 is ignited, whereby the input voltage X from the source of the voltage being transformed is fed to the integrator 12, at the same time the resolution is received from the control unit 15 the passage of the pulses of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency to the counting input of the binary counter 16 Lee "" or another increase in the output voltage of the integrator 12 continues during the first cycle of the binary integration, i.e. time t / 57 where N is the capacitor of the binary counter 12 - the frequency of the pulses, which is written by the counter in the first cycle of the double integration. At the moment of overflow, the binary counter nullifies the signal of the end of the first cycle to the control unit, during which the key 8 is closed and the key 11 is unlocked, the switch 1O is set by the signal from the control unit to such the position so that the compensating signal arriving through the switch 11 to the integrator's input has the polarity opposite to the input signal. During the second horn in a binary counter, a number of pulses is accumulated, which is proportional to the input signal X iJiL. "4ii 1 where f" is the frequency of the pulses filling. binary counter in the second double integration cycle; X. - the value of the compensating presence of switch 6 and inverter 7 on one of the inputs of the adder 1 allows to receive it. The output is a compensating signal of the form X,. The fee of two digital-to-analog converters 2 and 3 in the channels of the reference and convertible signals, controlled according to a given algorithm from the outputs of the distributor 4 and affecting their outputs | O1 by analog signals on the corresponding inputs of the generator 5 pulses of the reference frequency, allows you to get the output frequency of the generator pulses, functionally dependent on the magnitude of the reference and convertible signals in both the first and the second cycles of double integration. Thus, in the second double integration cycle, depending on the state of the counter 16, elements AND of group 17 are included in series corresponding to the approximation parts of the transfer function of the device, B, the frequency and Pulse generator of 5 reference pulses changes according to this TIME. The integrating device allows you to simulate quadratic and piecewise square character of the transfer function of the device with independent adjustment of 036 X, since coefficients at X and transfer function of the form: In addition, with the help Such an integrating device can be modeled for transmission fins, in which the coefficients at various degrees H5IX X can be adjusted independently of each other. Modeling the transfer functions allows you to expand the functionality of the integrating devices, reduce the number of approximation sites, and thereby increase the accuracy of the functional integrating devices. A functional integrator comprising an integrator whose input is connected via a key to an input source, and the output is connected to one of the inputs of a comparator, the other input of which is connected to the first output of the control unit, and the output of the comparator is connected to one of the devices. From the inputs of the control unit, the second code of the control unit is connected to the control input of the key, the third code is connected to one of the inputs of the AND element, the other which is connected to the output of the pulse generator frequency, and the output is connected to the counting input of a binary counter, the code of which is connected to another input of the control unit and the first inputs of elements of AND group, the second inputs of which are connected to the binary outputs of the binary counter, and the codes are connected to the inputs of the distributor, and the source a reference voltage, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the conversion, an adder, an additional key, two switches, inverters and two digital-to-analogue converters, control inputs of which are connected to the distributor codes, the signal inputs of the digital-to-analog converters are connected respectively to the input source and the source of the reference voltage, and the codes of the digital-analogue converters are connected to the inputs of the reference-frequency pulse generator; 4 V 4.% 4.,, 73 is connected with the movable contact of the first pen; an optical sensor, one fixed contact of which is directly, and the other through the first inverter connected to the source of the transformed voltage p the output of the adder is connected to the input of the second. of the second inverter and the first fixed co-switch of the second switch, the second fixed contact of which is connected to the output of the second inverter, and the movable contact of the switch is connected to the integrator input via an additional key, and the control inputs of the switches and the additional key are connected to the corresponding outputs of the control unit. - Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 222533, cl. Q 06 G 7/18, 1967.

2. The patent of England No. 1355174, cl. G 4 G, pub. 1971.

3. USSR author's certificate No. 4442О4, cl. Q About G 7/18, 1973.