SU686600A3 - Catalyst for isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffin hydrocarbons - Google Patents
Catalyst for isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffin hydrocarbonsInfo
- Publication number
- SU686600A3 SU686600A3 SU721768967A SU1768967A SU686600A3 SU 686600 A3 SU686600 A3 SU 686600A3 SU 721768967 A SU721768967 A SU 721768967A SU 1768967 A SU1768967 A SU 1768967A SU 686600 A3 SU686600 A3 SU 686600A3
- Authority
- SU
- USSR - Soviet Union
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- hydrocracking
- isomerization
- paraffin hydrocarbons
- platinum
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/14—Inorganic carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/06—Catalytic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/2206—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31
- C07C5/226—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/23 - C07C5/31 with metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms
- C07C5/22—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
- C07C5/27—Rearrangement of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon skeleton
- C07C5/2702—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/2732 - C07C5/31; Catalytic processes covered by both C07C5/2732 and C07C5/277 simultaneously
- C07C5/2724—Catalytic processes not covered by C07C5/2732 - C07C5/31; Catalytic processes covered by both C07C5/2732 and C07C5/277 simultaneously with metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/08—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2521/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C07C2521/16—Clays or other mineral silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/42—Platinum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals
- C07C2523/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- C07C2523/44—Palladium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Изобретение относитс к области производства катализаторов дл изомеризации и гидрокрекинга парафиновых углеводородов. Известен катализатор дл превращени парафиновых углеводородов, в частности дл гидрокрекинга, содержащий палладий на слоистом глинистом кристаллическом алюмосиликате 1. Наиболее близкш 1 по своему действию к предлагаемому вл етс катализатор дл изомеризации и гидрокрекин га парафиновых углеводородов, содержащий платину и/или палладий на носи теле-фожазите с поверхностной кислот ностью 2 . Однако этот катализатор имеет невысокую активность. Целью изобретени вл етс повышение активности катализатора. Указанна цель достигаетс тем, что катализатор, содержащий платину и/или палладий на носителе с поверх ностной кислотностью, содержит, в качестве носител глину типа байделита или типа вермикулита с катионами лан тана или титана, или прокаленный при 420-450 С метакаолинит при следующем содержании коглпонентов в лизаторе, вес.%: Платина и/или палладий 0,01-0,5 ГлинаОстальное. Пример l.lOr байделлита подвергают ионному обмену с применением 2 н. водного раствора нитрата лантана. . Процесс повтор ют при температу{5е 60-70С три раза до полного ионного обмена. Полученный таким образом материал после тщательного промывани с целью удалени всех посторонних ионов пропитывают раствором хлорплатиновой кислоты с расчетом получени катализатора , содержание платины в котором после сушки н обжига при было бы 0,15 вес.%. Полученный таким образом катализатор обрабатывают в микрореакторе дл реакции изомеризации 2,2-диметилбутана при следующих услови х : Температура, с 390 Давление, кг/см 20 Катализатор, г 1,5 Объемна скорость,ч 1This invention relates to the manufacture of catalysts for the isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons. A known catalyst for the conversion of paraffinic hydrocarbons, in particular for hydrocracking, containing palladium on layered clay crystalline aluminosilicate 1. The closest one in its action to the present invention is a catalyst for isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffinic hydrocarbons, containing platinum and / or palladium on the nose fire with surface acid 2. However, this catalyst has low activity. The aim of the invention is to increase the activity of the catalyst. This goal is achieved by the fact that a catalyst containing platinum and / or palladium on a carrier with surface acidity contains, as a carrier, clay of the type of baidelite or of the type of vermiculite with lanthanum or titanium cations, or metakaolinite calcined at 420-450 C at the following content co-components in the lysator, wt.%: Platinum and / or palladium 0.01-0.5 Clay Rest. Example l.lOr of bidellit is subjected to ion exchange using 2 n. aqueous solution of lanthanum nitrate. . The process is repeated at a temperature of {5 ° 60-70 ° C three times until complete ion exchange. The material thus obtained, after thorough washing to remove all extraneous ions, is impregnated with a solution of chloroplatinic acid with the expectation of obtaining a catalyst, the platinum content of which, after drying and calcining and firing, would be 0.15 wt.%. The catalyst thus obtained is treated in a microreactor for the isomerization reaction of 2,2-dimethylbutane under the following conditions: Temperature, 390 Pressure, kg / cm 20 Catalyst, g 1.5 Volume velocity, h 1
.Отрюшенке й Углеводород5.Orned Hydrocarbon5
Содержание воды в исходном сырье, ч/t-m 50.The water content in the feedstock, h / t-m 50.
2,2-Диметилбутан (да 2, 3-Диметилбутан (Д 2-Детилпентан (МП) 3 Метилпектан н-Гексан () Конверси , % .Избирательность , %2,2-Dimethylbutane (yes 2, 3-Dimethylbutane (D 2-Detilpentane (MP) 3 Methylpectan n-Hexane () Conversion,%. Selectivity,%
Поскольку в этом случае целевым продуктом вл етс 2,3-диметилбутан, избирательность определ етс соотношекнем i2 13 ДМ,БSince in this case 2,3-dimethylbutane is the target product, the selectivity is determined by the relationship i2 13 DM, B
:. 2,з-даБ- -2 мп- -з-мп-}-Н С в °° :. 2, d-dB-2 mp-z-mp -} - H C to °°
При этом практически не происходит крекинг или Аидрокрекинг полученных продуктов.At the same time, cracking or overtracking of the obtained products practically does not occur.
При м е р 2. Применкют верми5 улит с эквивалентной поверхностью 37 А.Example 2. Apply vermi5 ulit with an equivalent surface of 37 A.
Вермикулит предварительно тонко измельчают с получение.м частиц диаметром менее 40 мкм,Vermiculite is preliminarily finely ground to obtain m particles with a diameter of less than 40 microns,
Полученный таким обрсгзом материал после многократны : прачывок цп удале -ш возможных растворимых примесей подвергают катионному обмену сThe material obtained in such a manner after many times: the cleaning of the cp is removed — the possible soluble impurities are subjected to cation exchange with
2,2-Диметилбутан J2 З-Диметилбутан 2--Метилпентан З-Метйлпентан Конверси , % Избирательность,2,2-Dimethylbutane J2 3-Dimethylbutane 2 - Methylpentane Z-Methylpentane Conversion,% Selectivity,
При м ер 3, Вермикулит по примеру 2 подвергают ионному обмену с солью аммони (нитратом или ацетатом ) , а затем обжигают при температуре 400-500С дл удалени аммг-гака к создани кислотности протонного типа,At mer 3, Vermiculite of Example 2 is ion exchanged with an ammonium salt (nitrate or acetate) and then calcined at a temperature of 400-500 ° C to remove ammg-ha to create a protic acidity,
в частности, 10 г вермикулита подвергают ионному раствором ацетата aivBioHiiH обьгт -и-лм образом.in particular, 10 g of vermiculite is subjected to an ionic solution of aivBioHiiH acetate solution in the same way.
После реакции обмена и промывки получеллньзй материал нагревают в течение 3 ч при 450°С, затем в реактор ввод т катализатор с содержанием 0,15% платины и провод т реакцию по npKiviepy 2 при следующих услови х реакции:After the exchange reaction and washing, the preparable material is heated for 3 hours at 450 ° C, then a catalyst with a content of 0.15% platinum is introduced into the reactor and the reaction is carried out on npKiviepy 2 under the following reaction conditions:
Давление, кг/смPressure, kg / cm
2020
Катализатор , гCatalyst, g
1,51.5
Объемна скорость Б 1 чVolume speed B 1 h
1one
.Отношение На:углеводород 5.Ratio On: hydrocarbon 5.
Далее приведены данные результатов и состав продуктов реакции в опытах А, Б, В , % :The following are the results and the composition of the reaction products in experiments A, B, C,%:
применением 2 н. раствора нитрата лантана, как описано в примере 1,using 2 n. lanthanum nitrate solution as described in example 1,
провод т пропитку хлорплатиповой кислотой с получениеги каталзатора с содержанием 0,15% платины. В этом случае также к подавае-мому Б реакцию углеводороду добавл ют подход щее количество воды. Услови реакции: Давление, кг/см 20 Катализатор, г i,5 Объемна скорость, 1ч 1 Отношение водорода к углеводороду 5 Содержание воды в исходном сырье, ч/млн 50. Далее приведен состав продуктов реаки.ии в опытах А, Б, В, проведенны при , и опыте Г, проведенном при . impregnation with chloroplatycic acid is carried out with preparation of a catalyst with a content of 0.15% platinum. In this case also, a suitable amount of water is added to the fed B reaction to the hydrocarbon. Reaction conditions: Pressure, kg / cm 20 Catalyst, g i, 5 Bulk rate, 1 h 1 Hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio 5 Water content in feedstock, ppm 50. The following is the composition of the reak.ii products in experiments A, B , conducted at, and experiment F, conducted at.
Далее приведены данные результатов и состав продуктов реакции опытов А, проведенных при , и Б, проведенного при 420 С.The following are the results and the composition of the reaction products of experiments A, carried out at, and B, carried out at 420 C.
2,2-ДМБ2,2-DMB
2,2,
2-МП2-MP
3 -МП н-СиКонверси , % Избирательность,3 -MP n-C Conversi,% Selectivity,
Пример 4.К 10 г каолинита, очищенного седиментацией и прО1Мывкой дл удалени возможных растворимых , добавл ют платину (см, приExample 4. To 10 g of kaolinite, purified by sedimentation and sweeping to remove any soluble, platinum is added (see, for
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT2296671 | 1971-04-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SU686600A3 true SU686600A3 (en) | 1979-09-15 |
Family
ID=11202381
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU721768967A SU686600A3 (en) | 1971-04-09 | 1972-04-07 | Catalyst for isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffin hydrocarbons |
| SU742038965A SU833145A3 (en) | 1971-04-09 | 1974-06-27 | Method of producing catalyst for isomerization or hydrocracking of hydrocarbons |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SU742038965A SU833145A3 (en) | 1971-04-09 | 1974-06-27 | Method of producing catalyst for isomerization or hydrocracking of hydrocarbons |
Country Status (18)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5730533B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT346816B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE781719A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA978552A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH562635A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS185608B2 (en) |
| DD (3) | DD109234A5 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK143973C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES402459A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2132684B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1392197A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU65125A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL161685C (en) |
| NO (5) | NO137985C (en) |
| PL (4) | PL86965B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE392401B (en) |
| SU (2) | SU686600A3 (en) |
| YU (1) | YU36622B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA025338B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2016-12-30 | Институт Нефтехимических Процессов Им. Академика Ю. Мамедалиева, Нан Азербайджана | Method for production of light petroleum products from heavy petroleum residues |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1837320A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 | 2007-09-26 | ETH Zürich | Production of saturated C2 to C5 hydrocarbons |
| CN112823189A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-05-18 | 株式会社艾迪科 | Composite material |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3632502A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1972-01-04 | Chevron Res | Hydrocracking catalyst comprising a layered clay-type crystalline aluminosilicate component a group viii component and a rare earth component and process using said catalyst |
-
1972
- 1972-03-17 GB GB1270372A patent/GB1392197A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-24 CA CA138,112A patent/CA978552A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-03-29 YU YU0843/72A patent/YU36622B/en unknown
- 1972-04-05 FR FR727211842A patent/FR2132684B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-04-06 BE BE781719A patent/BE781719A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-07 DD DD173407*A patent/DD109234A5/xx unknown
- 1972-04-07 NL NL7204644.A patent/NL161685C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-07 NO NO1185/72A patent/NO137985C/en unknown
- 1972-04-07 PL PL1972159985A patent/PL86965B1/pl unknown
- 1972-04-07 PL PL1972159986A patent/PL83830B1/pl unknown
- 1972-04-07 ES ES402459A patent/ES402459A1/en not_active Expired
- 1972-04-07 CS CS7200002336A patent/CS185608B2/en unknown
- 1972-04-07 PL PL1972159987A patent/PL83829B1/pl unknown
- 1972-04-07 PL PL1972159988A patent/PL86964B1/xx unknown
- 1972-04-07 DD DD173477*A patent/DD106341A5/xx unknown
- 1972-04-07 DK DK170372A patent/DK143973C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-07 LU LU65125D patent/LU65125A1/xx unknown
- 1972-04-07 DD DD162153A patent/DD101660A5/xx unknown
- 1972-04-07 SU SU721768967A patent/SU686600A3/en active
- 1972-04-08 CH CH512772A patent/CH562635A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-04-10 JP JP3526072A patent/JPS5730533B1/ja active Pending
- 1972-04-10 SE SE7204618A patent/SE392401B/en unknown
- 1972-04-10 AT AT310372A patent/AT346816B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1974
- 1974-04-02 NO NO741181A patent/NO137986C/en unknown
- 1974-04-02 NO NO741182A patent/NO137987C/en unknown
- 1974-04-02 NO NO741184A patent/NO140266C/en unknown
- 1974-04-02 NO NO741185A patent/NO140274C/en unknown
- 1974-06-27 SU SU742038965A patent/SU833145A3/en active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA025338B1 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2016-12-30 | Институт Нефтехимических Процессов Им. Академика Ю. Мамедалиева, Нан Азербайджана | Method for production of light petroleum products from heavy petroleum residues |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JPS5857408B2 (en) | Method for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons | |
| EP0550120A1 (en) | Activated zeolite beta catalyst and isomerization process therefor | |
| US3032599A (en) | Sulfate-treated zirconia-gel catalyst | |
| US3493490A (en) | Regeneration of aluminosilicate catalysts | |
| CH495166A (en) | Process for the preparation of a catalyst, catalyst and its use | |
| DE2005828B2 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLAVORED HYDROCARBONS | |
| US2462236A (en) | Manufacture of silica hydrogel and catalysts | |
| Pitts et al. | Isomerization of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| DE1151082B (en) | Reforming catalyst | |
| US3393147A (en) | Catalysts having improved thermal stability and method of preparing the same | |
| SU686600A3 (en) | Catalyst for isomerization and hydrocracking of paraffin hydrocarbons | |
| US2848510A (en) | Manganese reforming oxide-containing catalyst | |
| US3423332A (en) | Hydrothermal activation of a silicaalumina cracking catalyst at a high ph | |
| EP0090442B1 (en) | Process for the preparation of catalytically active cross-linked metal silicate | |
| US3657153A (en) | Process for the preparation of a catalyst for the reforming and aromatization of benzines | |
| US3966642A (en) | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst | |
| US4146462A (en) | Hydroisomerization of gasoline fraction | |
| US3842114A (en) | Isomerization catalyst activation process | |
| US3475345A (en) | Catalyst for paraffin isomerization | |
| JPH04211023A (en) | Method for isomerization of positive paraffin in presence of at least one catalyst based on specific omegazeolite | |
| US2378904A (en) | Catalysis | |
| US4827068A (en) | Aromatization with catalyst comprising noble-metal containing titanosilicate having the structure of zeolite beta | |
| US3046317A (en) | Hydrocracking liquid alkanes with a catalyst consisting of a platinum metal in admixture with boria and zirconia | |
| US3594311A (en) | Conversion process | |
| US4830998A (en) | Hydrocarbon isomerization catalyst, process for its preparation, and use thereof |