SU637694A1 - Automatic precipitation-collecting/analysing gauge - Google Patents

Claims (2)

 the minimum amount of water by an electroplating platform in a cell and two branch pipes for entering the pool of water at an angle to the cylinder generator in the lower part at diametrically opposite points, a branch pipe for distilling distilled water with water located along the bottom of the cell and the drain pipe at the bottom parts of it. At the same time, in order to ensure stable operation of the measuring cell in winter and with short-term precipitation, a controllable solenoid valves are installed on the branch pipe to feed distilled water and the drain branch pipe. FIG. 1 schematically shows the proposed device. The automatic precipitation analyzer collector is a cylindrical case consisting of the upper 1 and lower 2 compartments, with a sensor 3 measuring the air temperature and automatically adjusting the heating temperature and a moisture-sensitive sensor 4. There are three holes in the housing cover: one for collecting ash fallout, two for collecting atmospheric precipitation, for a tsikh with a pair of swivel covers 5. The designs of the swivel covers are made taking into account the smallest windage with strong wind, reliable opening and tight closing Ani craters and ditches in conditions of winter snowfall, ice and summer dust storms. Each cover has a floating mount. To prevent freezing of the covers during icing, annular heaters are installed at the joints and funnels. The device housing in both compartments has autonomous thermoregulation systems, which make it possible to maintain a given positive temperature inside each compartment during the cold season. In the upper compartment there are electric rotary covers 6, covers 7 for collecting precipitation, heaters 8 for funnels, heating controller for the upper compartment 9, electronic module 1O for controlling rotary covers, measuring cell 11c with electrodes, valve panels, control unit and charging system of its dislocated water 12, the sampling device 13, the annular heater of the upper compartment 14. In the lower compartment there are the heater controller 15, the recorder 16, the measuring and correcting blocks 17, rX-meter 8, the annular heater 19, tripod 0. The measuring cell (Fig. 2) is glass, cylindrical with four nozzles. Two nozzles 21 for lowering rainwater are made at an angle to the tangent that forms the cylinder in its lower part at diametrically opposite points, which ensures a fluent rotation in the cell of the working volume of water and its effective mixing. Pipe 22 serves to feed distilled water, and pipe 23, located in the lower part of the cylinder along its longitudinal axis, to lead WATER from whose ki. In the cell, the measuring electrodes 24 are placed, the comparison electrode 25 and the electrodes 2 6 for monitoring and adjusting the water level in the cell are platinum, sunk into the cell wall at a certain level. In stationary mode, i.e. during the period between precipitation, the measuring electrodes in the cell are immersed in distilled water to maintain constant readiness for measurements. The cell, through the normally solenoid valve K 27, communicates with the dispersed water feeding device 28 (phage H), which consists of two vessels with branch pipes, and the lower vessel closed. When the water level in the cell decreases (Fig. 2) due to evaporation, the water level in the lower vessel of the feed device 28 (4ig. 4) drops, the opening of the upper vessel pipe opens, from where water flows until the water level in the cell is sufficient for constant soaking measuring electrodes. The main task of the automation unit of the measuring cell is to control the valves that ensure the filling of the cell with distilled water during the period between precipitation, discharge the distilled water from the cell at the beginning of precipitation, maintain the minimum required level of rainwater, water in the cell, drain the residual rainwater from the cell upon termination of its entry from the collection brat, and filling the cell with distilled water. The unit switches on the recorder when the cell reaches the minimum required rain level and turns off the recorder (:) and after the supply of new water is stopped from the collection funnel. The sampling device is made in the form of a rotary table with 150 test tubes installed around the circumference with a photosensor to control their filling and block: hem control of the rotary table. The measuring part of the 14ig collector circuit. 4) consists of potentiometric sensors (D - D) for measuring P 5 magnitudes, conductometric sensor (Dd) for measuring electrical conductivity, thermal sensors (D,) for measuring water and outdoor air temperature, correction units (B - Bj) when measuring pX - values of blocks of converters, conductivity meters IBg), water temperature (B 7) and air (B Q), switch relay contacts (Pf - 9 nactov of the interrogation relay j time sensor (P. P), pX - meter 18, recorder .16 and time sensor 29. p X-meter 18 is made on the basis of a serial pH meter pH-261. Reg Istrator 16 - 12-point automatic recording potentiometer KSP-2-0,25, Time sensor 29 is an annular re-chord rotated by a synchronous motor through a gearbox, and makes one revolution a day. Measuring sensors convert the corresponding fiasco-chemical indicators. to a certain potential or voltage, which is then corrected, converted into conversion units and a pX-meter, amplified and amenable to the recorder. Measuring correction blocks match the potential of the corresponding measuring electrode with the magnitude and polarity of the voltage required for supplying the pX-meter to the input. The work of the analyzer collection is as follows. With the start of precipitation, the swiveling covers 5 automatically close the cuvette to collect dust and open the funnels 7 to collect precipitation. The collection of precipitation occurs in two separate funnels. From one funnel, rain water or melting snow flows directly into the test tubes of the batch sampling of WHAT device 13. The filling level of the test tubes is monitored by a photocell. From the second funnel, the water enters the measuring cell 11 through two channels. At the moment of opening the collection hoppers, valve Kj closes and the normally closed valve K opens for a time sufficient to drain distilled water from the cell. After discharging the distilled water, valve K is closed, and the cheeses take water from the collection funnels. Upon reaching the minimum required water level in the cell, the platinum level switch contacts are closed, and the precipitation analyzer is turned on. The excess water level in the cell is discharged by means of the valve K "to the minimum necessary level. Since MOMefrra stops the flow of water into the cell, the analyzer stops working, the valve K 2 drains the water from the cell and through the valve K. the cell is washed and filled with distilled water with the help of a feeding device. The principle of operation of the measuring part of the device is a sequential interrogation of the electrodes located in the measuring cell, followed by the conversion of the EMF developed on them and the recording of measurement results on a recorder. Measure All pX values, f fi values, are produced with respect to the silver-chloride reference electrode. The sensors are alternately referred through the switch contacts (P - F) (Fig. 4). Consistently with the electrodes comparison in measuring the rL values with the help of the contacts to the Pg / 1 mutator; P / 1; P / 1; P5 / 1; PS / 1. Correction blocks (B-5) are introduced to match the EMF values developed by the electrodes with the input characteristics of the pX-meter. Measurement of electrical conductivity is conducted at a frequency of 72 ha, which prevents polarization of the electrodes and pickups at the frequency of the power grid. Contact switch P.,, P, 7 -1N PO. P „, G, P„. and P „provide 8 VI 9L y alternate interrogation of the conductivity, water and air temperature sensors, as well as their switching to the input of the pX-meter. The signal converted in the X-meter block is fed to the input of a faint potentiometer via CD contacts. Periodically, once per cycle of operation, the recorder's carriage is printed through the same relays, a time tag is polled to ensure that the analyzer starts, stops and ends. The developed instrument allows one to determine and study some relatively rapidly changing parameters that are very important from the point of view of studying the processes of precipitation formation as they fall, such as temperature, pH, pNa, pK, f 4i. electrical conductivity, the concentration of some gases dissolved in water and a number of other definitions. Parallel to the measurement of these parameters, batch collection of precipitation is carried out for a number of other determinations carried out under laboratory conditions, for example, content. heavy metals and others. Formula of the invention 1. Automatic collection-analysis of atmospheric precipitation, containing a cylindrical housing, precipitation collection funnels with separate covers, moisture sensitive sensor with electric heating, electric rotary covers, recorder, measuring cell with measuring electrodes, blocks automatics and sampling device, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the analysis, the measuring cell in it is made of cylindrical shape with the e the minimum amount of water by electrodes to control the level of water in the cell and two nozzles for the input of rainwater located at an angle to the cylinder generator in its lower part at diametrically opposite points, with a nozzle for feeding with distilled water located along the radius of the cell and a drain nozzle at the bottom parts of it. 2. Collector-analyzer io p. 1, on tliche. This is due to the fact that in order to ensure stable operation of the measuring cell in winter time and during short-term precipitations, distilled water and drain pipe are equipped with control solenoid valves. Sources of information taken into account in the examination: 1. German patent number 1208494, cl. 42 1 20 / О4, 1964. 2. Busler I. V. and others. Automatic collection of atmospheric precipitation, Lidrochemical materials. Vol. 57, 1973. Eliilinuffi "one 2t