RU170193U1 - Automatic on-off collection of precipitation and dry fallout - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to meteorological instrumentation, in particular to devices for collecting atmospheric precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation (atmospheric aerosol) in order to further study their chemical composition. The proposed automatic on-off collection of atmospheric precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation includes a rectangular case, a precipitation sensor mounted on one side of the enclosure, a funnel for collecting atmospheric precipitation, a container for collecting precipitation, a controllable lid that closes the funnel in the absence of precipitation and opens the funnel if they are present, and vice versa, a closing container for collecting dry precipitation in the presence of precipitation and opening in their absence, an electronic control unit, an electron anichesky cap moving mechanism, driven by the electronic control unit. EFFECT: universal device for collecting wet precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation with improved operational capabilities in any climatic conditions. Another technical result achieved in solving this problem is also to increase the accuracy and correctness of the determination of chemicals included in atmospheric precipitation, as well as dry deposition (aerosol), due to the possibility of aerosol deposition during air aspiration through a filter, allowing further determination concentration of chemicals, which is one of the main tasks of environmental environmental studies. 4 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

The utility model relates to meteorological instrumentation, in particular to devices for collecting atmospheric precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation (atmospheric aerosol) in order to further study their chemical composition.

The level of technology.

An automatic sediment collector is known that is described in the guidance document RD-52.04.186-89 GUIDELINES FOR CONTROLLING ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION [http://base.consultant.ru], which provides information on the use of the Post-1 integrated laboratory equipment in the set of equipment - sediment collector for dry and wet precipitation (OS). The sediment collector for collecting total (dry and wet) precipitation is a constantly open polyethylene funnel reinforced with a stand above the ground. A polyethylene vessel is attached to the funnel, into which precipitation is collected. At negative temperatures, the funnel with the collecting vessel is hooked onto a plastic cup of the same diameter and height. Advantages: ease of manufacture and the process of collecting precipitation.

Disadvantages: the impossibility of separating dry atmospheric precipitation from wet precipitation and snow and, as a consequence, separate determination of their chemical composition. This document also describes an automatic sludge collector that allows only wet precipitation to be collected.

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Tasdemir, S. Siddik Cindoruk / Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined using a modified sampler / Atmospheric Research / Volume 101, Issues 1-2, July 2011, Pages 341-353], в которых описывается модифицированный пробоотборник мокрых осадков под сбор дополнительно сухих осаждений. Пробоотборник содержит одну часть для сухих выпадений и вторую часть для мокрых осадков (Dry Deposition Part и Wet Deposition Part), установленные в одном корпусе, на корпусе установлен датчик осадков и управляемая крышка, внутри корпуса расположены электрический мотор, у воронки в части для сбора мокрых осадков установлен клапан, мини резервуар, уплотнитель, фильтр, резервуар, нагревательный элемент, счетчик времени.Known Publications [Investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of the Middle East Technical University by Eftade O. Gaga Deposition in Ankara April 2004. S. 73-74. Electronic resource: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12604857/index.pdfб] and [Askin

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Tasdemir, S. Siddik Cindoruk / Atmospheric wet and dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined using a modified sampler / Atmospheric Research / Volume 101, Issues 1-2, July 2011, Pages 341-353], which describe the modified sampler wet precipitation to collect additional dry precipitation. The sampler contains one part for dry precipitation and a second part for wet precipitation (Dry Deposition Part and Wet Deposition Part) installed in one housing, a rain sensor and a controlled cover are installed on the housing, an electric motor is located inside the housing, and a funnel has a wet collection part precipitation installed valve, mini tank, seal, filter, tank, heating element, time meter.

The disadvantages include the fact that the device is intended only for the collection of hydrocarbons. Collection from the funnel of collected dry precipitation is carried out by spraying and its vibration and their further deposition on special filters.

Known automatic sampler for collecting wet (snow, rain) and dry (pollen, etc.) precipitation [Wet & Dry Passive Sampler auto-powered (Deposimeter) http://www.nesasrl.eu/en/sensori_wedpannello.aspx]. Fully automatic control, the cover moves from the wet part to the dry part, depending on environmental conditions.

Disadvantages: a rather complicated mechanism for moving the lid is used. The cover has a large windage, which makes it difficult to operate in strong winds.

Known automatic sediment collector for dry and wet precipitation [CN 101750636 (B) - 2012-08-29], comprising a housing, in the upper part of which there is a rain indicator, in the upper part of the housing is equipped with a cylinder (reservoir) for collecting dry sediments and a cylinder (reservoir ) for collecting rainwater, a tank for collecting rainwater is installed inside the housing, the cylinder for collecting rainwater is equipped with a sealing cap that is connected to the output shaft of the lifting / rotating switching mechanism.

Disadvantages: firstly, snow may fall into the dry sedimentation tank, and secondly, the shallow depth of the dry reservoir, which helps blow out the selected dry sediments.

Known [RU 161697 U1, publ. 04/27/2016], selected as a prototype, in which an automatic sediment collector is disclosed, comprising a housing collecting a funnel and a controlled cover, both mounted in the upper outer part of the housing, an electronic control unit, a precipitation sensor, a precipitation collection tank and a cover movement mechanism driven by in motion by an electric motor connected to the electronic control unit, while the mechanism for moving the cover includes a movable and fixed part and is installed inside the housing on a rectangular flange mounted in the upper parts of the housing, the fixed part of the said mechanism is a circle-shaped base with two recesses made on its working surface against each other, the movable part of the cover movement mechanism includes a pipe, the lower part of which is connected to the motor shaft, a sleeve rigidly fixed to the pipe made with two slots located opposite each other on its lateral surfaces, a lifting shaft mounted inside the pipe with the possibility of its movement in the vertical direction, nar the outer part of which is connected to the cover, the axis passing through the lifting shaft perpendicular to its axis and through the sleeve, with two rollers fixed to the edges of the axis, and two bearings in the center mounted in such a way that they are placed against each other and in the slots of the sleeve.

The disadvantages of this analogue include: the inability to collect dry atmospheric precipitation.

Disclosure of a utility model.

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of an automatic collection, in which, along with the collection of atmospheric (wet) precipitation, dry atmospheric precipitation is collected during the absence of wet, both in passive and active mode.

EFFECT: universal device for collecting wet precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation with improved operational capabilities in any climatic conditions.

Another technical result achieved in solving this problem is also to increase the accuracy and correctness of the determination of chemicals included in atmospheric precipitation, as well as dry deposition (aerosol), due to the possibility of aerosol deposition during air aspiration through a filter, allowing further determination concentration of chemicals, which is one of the main tasks of environmental environmental studies.

This object is achieved in that the proposed automatic on-off collection of precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation contains a rectangular housing, a precipitation sensor mounted on one side of the enclosure, a funnel for collecting atmospheric (liquid) precipitation and a container for collecting dry precipitation, and a controlled lid, closing the funnel in the absence of precipitation and opening the funnel if any, and vice versa closing the container for collecting dry precipitation in the presence of atmospheric (liquid) precipitation and opening w her in their absence, the electronic control unit and an electromechanical mechanism for moving the lid, with the electronic unit.

In this case, the container for collecting dry precipitation is fixed with at least two clamps on the side of the casing opposite to the one on which the precipitation sensor is mounted.

In addition, for passive collection, said container contains a liquid, preferably distilled water, and a drain cock, and for active collection contains a filter with a filter holder, to which the pump is connected via a gas volume meter.

To protect the funnel from water splashes, the collection contains a safety rim mounted concentrically with the inlet of the funnel on the housing.

And for collecting precipitation, it additionally contains a container located inside the housing under the collecting funnel.

In addition, the mechanism for moving the cover (previously disclosed RU 161697 U1, publ. 04/27/2016] is installed inside the housing on a rectangular flange mounted in the upper part of the housing.

Moreover, the said mechanism is an electric motor with a gearbox, which is connected by a lifting-rotary device, on the movable shaft of which the cover is attached.

The work of the claimed on-off collection consists in the autonomous determination of the presence of precipitation and its automatic collection, as well as in preventing the ingress of solid particles (debris, dust) into the receiving tank of liquid precipitation during the period of time between precipitation, as well as for collecting dry precipitation in the period between wet precipitation.

Separate selection of wet atmospheric precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation is achieved by introducing an additional capacity for precipitation of dry atmospheric precipitation into the composition of the well-known automatic precipitation collector, the constructive solution of which allows selection both in a liquid (distilled water) and on a filter placed on a special holder installed inside capacities. Air seeps through the filter using a flow inducer (pump). The volume of pumped air is recorded by a gas meter. This allows you to determine the concentration of pollutants that make up dry atmospheric precipitation. Those. the proposed device implements both passive and active selection of dry fallouts.

The utility model is illustrated with graphic materials.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the proposed device, in which the container for collecting dry atmospheric precipitation further comprises a filter.

In FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the proposed automatic on-off collection of precipitation and dry atmospheric precipitation, in which the container for collecting dry atmospheric precipitation further comprises a drain cock.

The proposed automatic on-off collection of precipitation and dry precipitation (Fig. 1 and 2) contains a precipitation sensor 1, housing 2, collecting funnel 3, a safety rim 4, designed to protect the open part of the funnel from water splashes, cover 5, electromechanical rotation mechanism of the cover 6 , a container for collecting dry atmospheric precipitation 7, a filter 8 with a filter holder 9, a lodgement 10, a volumetric air flow meter 11, a pump 12, an electronic control unit 13, a container for collecting liquid (wet) precipitation 14, a drain valve 15 (Fig. 2) .

The dry collection container 7 is a vessel (bottle) of 10 (ten) liters of solid polyethylene, the bottom of which is cut off. The tank 7 is fixed with two clamps on the side of the housing 2, the opposite side, on which the precipitation sensor 1 is mounted, with the spherical part down.

The container for collecting liquid sediment 14 is a polyethylene vessel (bottle) with a capacity of 1 (one) dm ³ , which is freely (without fastening) installed inside the housing 2 under the collecting funnel 3. The vessel is connected to the funnel by means of a silicone hose, one end of which is worn on funnel drain pipe, and the other is put on the receptacle of the vessel 14.

The safety rim 4, designed to protect the open funnel from splashes, is mounted concentrically on the housing with the bolt inlet of the funnel.

The drain valve is fixed in the lid of the tank 7 and is used when collecting dry precipitation in a liquid (distilled water).

When selecting dry precipitations on the filter, fine-fiber filters of Petryanov AF-VP-20, AFA-HP-20, AFA-HA-20 are used. Filters are fixed in a standard funnel-shaped filter holder 10, which is mounted on an annular lodgement 10. The lodgement is a disk-shaped structure made of chrome-plated wire. The diameter of the lodgement is selected so that it can move inside the container with friction, which allows it to be installed at any level inside the container, preferably at the level of articulation of the cylindrical and spherical parts of the container 7.

The pump can be of any brand with a capacity of 0 to 1 m ³ / hour of air. When measuring the volumetric flow rate, an Omega G6 gas meter is used.

The main part of the electromechanical mechanism for moving the cover 6 is located inside the housing and is located in its upper part.

The proposed automatic on-off collection of precipitation and dry fallout works as follows.

When rain drops fall on the precipitation sensor 1, the electronic control unit 13 receives a signal from the precipitation sensor 1 and supplies voltage to the electromechanical mechanism for moving (turning) the cover. The lid rises and rotates 180 degrees, closing the container for collecting dry atmospheric precipitation. In this position, the cover 5 is located until the end of the precipitation. After the precipitation stops, the electronic control unit 13 supplies voltage to the electromechanical mechanism for moving the cover 6, and the cover moves to its initial position, closing the funnel 3 and opening the container for collecting dry deposits 7. Moreover, if the option of active collection of dry deposits is selected (Fig. 2), voltage is applied to pump 12 and aspiration of dry sediments through filter 9 begins. In the passive extraction variant (Fig. 1), dry precipitation settles due to sedimentation in distilled water, which, after the necessary time, The ora is drained through faucet 15 and sent for chemical analysis.

Claims (5)

1. An automatic on-off collection of atmospheric precipitation and dry precipitation, characterized in that it includes a rectangular housing, a precipitation sensor mounted on one side of the housing, a funnel for collecting atmospheric precipitation inside the housing, connected via a hose to a container for collecting liquid precipitation, placed under collecting funnel, a container for collecting dry fallouts, mounted on the outside of the housing, a controlled lid that closes the funnel in the absence of precipitation and opens the funnel at and if available, and vice versa, a closing container for collecting dry precipitation in the presence of precipitation and opening in their absence, the electronic control unit and the electromechanical mechanism for moving the lid, set in motion by the electronic control unit, installed inside the housing. 2. The collection according to claim 1, characterized in that the container for collecting dry deposits is secured with at least two clamps on the side of the casing opposite to the one on which the precipitation sensor is mounted. 3. The collection according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for passive collection, said container contains a liquid, preferably distilled water, and a drain valve, and for active collection contains a filter with a filter holder, to which the pump is connected via a gas volume meter. 4. The collection according to claim 1, characterized in that a safety rim is mounted concentrically with the inlet on the housing. 5. The collection according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid movement mechanism is mounted on a rectangular flange mounted in the upper part of the housing, and is an electric motor with a reducer, which is connected by a lifting-rotary device, on which the lid is mounted on a movable shaft.

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