JPH0532737Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a rainfall measuring device that measures the pH, conductivity, rainwater temperature, etc. of rainfall.

[Prior Art] In recent years, acid rain with low pH often falls due to environmental pollution caused by sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc.
It is causing damage to plants in mountain forests, crops in fields, and flora and fauna in rivers.

To observe such acid rain, it is important to collect rainfall and estimate its PH, conductivity, rainwater temperature, etc., but since rainfall is in equilibrium with various gases in the atmosphere, Correct values cannot be obtained unless measurements are taken immediately after rainfall is collected. Therefore, to measure the PH, conductivity, temperature, etc. of rainwater, it is preferable to use a rainfall measuring device that automatically and continuously collects and analyzes rainfall.

It is also known that acid rain, in which sulfur oxide gas and nitride oxide gas in the atmosphere are dissolved, is noticeable in a small amount of rain at the beginning of rain or in a small amount of rain over a long period of time.

Therefore, the measurement results are from the beginning of the rain.
It is necessary to calculate the average value between fixed rainfall amounts, such as every 0.5 mm or 1 mm.

Conventionally, a rainfall measuring device shown in FIG. 3 has been used to measure the PH, conductivity, temperature of rainwater, etc. of rainfall. That is, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, 1 is a funnel-shaped rain collector having a circular rain collecting opening 1a of a predetermined diameter at the upper end, and 2 is this rain collector 1.
A rainwater flow path 3 communicates with the rainwater flow opening 1b at the lower end, and a measuring section 3 is connected to the downstream side of the rainwater flow path 2. This measuring section 3 is formed by disposing a conductivity electrode 5, a PH electrode 6, and a temperature-sensitive resistor 7 in a flow cell 4, and when the rain flows inside the measuring section 3, the PH, conductivity, and Rainwater temperature is now being measured. Further, 8a, 8b and 8c are respectively connected to the conductivity electrode 5, PH electrode 6 and temperature-sensitive wind resistor 7, and amplifiers for amplifying signals from these, and 9 is connected to amplifiers 8a, 8b, 8c, This is a recorder that records the pH, conductivity, and temperature of rainwater.

When analyzing rainfall using the above-mentioned device,
Rainfall is collected from the upper end opening 1a in the rain collector 1, and the collected rain is collected from the lower end opening 1b.
From there, the rainwater is introduced into the measuring section 3 through the rainfall flow path 2.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional device described above, the rainfall collected by the rain sampler 1 is continuously transmitted directly to the measuring unit 3.
Since the system was introduced into the system, the following problems arose.

B. As mentioned above, the measurement results must be obtained as an average value for each fixed amount of rainfall, but with this device, the measured values are recorded continuously and are not separated by rainfall amount, so it is possible to identify the measured values for each rainfall amount. Therefore, the average value of the measurement results for each fixed amount of rainfall cannot be directly determined.

(b) Rainfall cannot be measured because it is continuously flowed out of the rain sampler and introduced into the measurement unit, and therefore a separate rain gauge is required to measure rainfall.

C. When calculating the average value of the measurement results for each fixed amount of rainfall, it is necessary to check the time when a fixed amount of rainfall was obtained from the measurement record of the rain gauge and calculate the average value of the measurement results for this time, which is cumbersome. Moreover, it is difficult to obtain accurate values.

Therefore, in order to divide the rainfall by a certain amount of rainfall and introduce it into the measuring section, we considered installing a measuring section in the rainfall flow path between the rain sampler and the measuring section, and what kind of mechanism should be used as the measuring section. Various considerations were also made as to whether it was a good idea.

First, it was considered to use a measuring device that uses a level electrode or the like to detect that a certain amount of sample has been introduced into a container. According to this, it will be possible to open and close the solenoid valve based on the signal from the level electrode, injecting rainwater from the rain sampler to the meter, and introducing measured rainwater from the meter to the measuring section. I was disappointed.

However, this method has the following problems, making it difficult to put it into practical use.

D. Sampling of rainwater becomes impossible while rainwater is introduced from the measuring instrument to the measuring section, so in order to perform continuous sampling, it becomes necessary to install multiple measuring instruments in parallel, resulting in multiple devices. .

E) Since rainwater is introduced into the measuring section through a small-diameter electromagnetic valve, it takes time for the collected rainwater to be introduced into the measuring section, reducing the accuracy of the measured values.

In addition, various measurement methods commonly used in water quality analyzers were investigated, but none of them could be applied to the intermittent phenomenon of rainfall.

This invention was made in view of the above circumstances,
Regardless of the intensity of the rain, the rain can be continuously divided into fixed rainfall amounts using a simple mechanism and introduced into the measurement section for PH, conductivity, rainwater temperature, etc., and is especially effective for observing acid rain. To provide a rainfall measuring device that can be used.

[Means and effects for solving the problem] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention includes a rain collector having a rainwater outlet formed at the lower end, and two rain collectors arranged below the rain collector. When a predetermined amount of rainfall is injected from the rain collector into one of the water tanks, it will tip over and rainwater will be drained alternately from both tanks.
It is equipped with a measuring section for rainwater analysis that measures at least the conductivity, PH, and rainwater temperature into which rainwater discharged by the overturning operation of the overturning cell is introduced, and a switch that opens and closes according to the overturning operation of the overturning cell. To provide a rainfall measuring device which stores a predetermined amount of rainfall and analyzes the rainwater by introducing the rainwater discharged by the overturning operation of a toppling basket into a measuring part.

That is, as mentioned above, acid rain is noticeable in a small amount of rain at the beginning of rain or in a small amount of rain over a long period of time. Therefore, there are various patterns of rainfall intensity, such as a slight rain of about 0.5 mm per hour to heavy rain of 30 mm or more per hour, but when measuring acid rain, regardless of the rainfall intensity, First, it is necessary to measure a small amount of rain at the beginning of a fall or a small amount of rain over a long period of time.

In this invention, by using an overturned container to collect rainfall, it is possible to measure PH, conductivity, etc. for each fixed rainfall amount of 0.5 mm or 1 mm, regardless of the rainfall intensity. For example, in 2 hours
Even with a slight rainfall of about 0.5 mm, when the rainfall reaches 0.5 mm, the sample rainwater flows into the measurement part at once by the operation of the tipping bucket, allowing accurate measurement of pH, conductivity, etc. Furthermore, subsequent measurements can be taken continuously every 0.5 mm without interrupting sampling. On the other hand, even in heavy rain of 30 mm in one hour, the rain falls into the measuring section in 0.5 mm intervals due to the operation of the overturning bucket, so the important 0.5 mm at the beginning of the rain falls.
It is possible to measure rainfall of 0.5mm, and even if the rain continues for a long time, measurements can be taken continuously at 0.5mm intervals without any problems.

Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows an automatic rainfall measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, parts having the same configuration as those in FIG. 3 are designated by the same reference numerals, and their explanations will be omitted.

In this device, an overturning basin 10 is disposed below the rainwater outlet 1b at the lower end of the funnel-shaped rain collector 1, which overturns when a predetermined amount of rainfall is stored, and the rainwater stored inside is discharged to the outside. has been done. As shown in the plan view of FIG. 2, this overturning basin 10 is composed of a rectangular bottom plate A, isosceles triangular side walls B, B, and a rectangular partition plate C. and 10b are formed,
The center of its lower part is supported by a support shaft 11 so as to be swingable in the left and right directions, thereby making it possible to overturn and tilt left and right about the support shaft 11. As shown in FIG. 1, when one water tank 10a is facing upward and rain is injected into this water tank 10a from the rain collector 1 above it, a predetermined amount of rain falls into the water tank 10a. 10 falls over and tilts toward the water tank 10a, and as a result, the water tank 1 falls down due to its weight.
Rainfall within 0a is injected into a water inlet 12 disposed below the outflow portion 10c, and the other water tank 10b faces upward, and rainwater is injected from the rain collector 1 into this water tank 10b. After that, water tank 10
When a predetermined amount of rainfall is stored in b, the weight of the rainwater causes it to fall over and tilt toward the water tank 10b, so that the collected rain in the water tank 10b is placed below the outflow part 10d. As the water is poured into the water inlet 13, the overturning basin 10 returns to the state shown in FIG. 1, and the same operation is repeated thereafter.

Here, the upper end opening 1a is used as the funnel-shaped rain collector 1.
For example, if you want to collect rainfall every 0.5 mm, the diameter of the water tank 10a and 10b should be 15.7 mm1.
Use one that is designed to tip over when rainfall accumulates ((10cm) ² × 3.14 × 0.05cm =
15.7m1).

In this device, the water inlets 12 and 13 are connected to the measuring section 3 through the rainfall channels 2a and 2b, respectively.
It is connected to one of the water tanks 1 and 10 that will fall over.
The rainfall that has flowed into the water inlet 12 from 0a and the rainfall that has flowed into the water inlet 13 from the other water tank 10b are intermittently introduced into the measurement unit 3 through the rain channels 2a and 2b, respectively.

In Fig. 1, 14 is a lid that closes the upper opening of the rain collector 1, and 15 is a rain sensor connected to the lid 14. The rain sensor 15 detects the presence or absence of rain. The lid 14 is automatically opened and closed depending on the situation. Further, 16 is a cleaning device that sprays cleaning liquid to clean the inside of the rain collecting device 1.

Further, numeral 17 is a switch that opens and closes in conjunction with the overturning basket 10 every time it overturns, and the amount of rainfall is measured by measuring the number of times this switch is opened and closed.

In analyzing rainfall using the above device, first, when the rain sensor 15 detects rainfall, the lid 14 is opened and rain sampling is automatically started. Then, as described above, the pair of water tanks 10a, 1 of 10 are overturned.
0b, rainfall is collected by dividing it into predetermined rainfall amounts, and this rainfall is intermittently introduced into the measuring section 3 for measurement.

Therefore, in this device, since rainfall is introduced into the measuring section 3 every predetermined amount of rainfall,
You can easily and accurately measure the average values of PH, conductivity, and rainwater temperature. Moreover, in this device, the rainfall is introduced into the measuring unit 3 through the rain sampler 1, the overturning bowl 10, the water inlets 12, 13, etc., so that the rainfall is sufficiently homogenized during this time, and the The concentration of dissolved substances becomes uniform, and therefore a very accurate value can be obtained as the above-mentioned average value.

Also, switch the number of falls of 10 to 17.
Since the amount of rain can be calculated from the number of times the door is opened and closed, the amount of rain can also be measured. Therefore, there is no need to install a separate rain gauge as in conventional rainfall measuring devices, which simplifies the device and is also economically advantageous.

Furthermore, in this device, the diameter of the upper end opening 1a of the funnel-shaped rain collector 1, the storage tank 1 of the overturning basin 10,
By appropriately selecting the capacity of 0a and 10b,
It is possible to obtain the average values of PH, conductivity, and rainwater temperature for each desired amount of rainfall.

[Effects of the invention] As described above, the rainfall measuring device of the invention has the following effects.

By collecting rainfall by dividing it into fixed amounts using an overturning bucket and introducing it into the measurement unit, it is possible to analyze rainfall for each fixed amount of rainfall. The average value for each can be easily and accurately automatically obtained.

Although it falls over, a certain amount of rainwater falls over and is discharged all at once and introduced into the measuring section in a short period of time, making it possible to perform highly accurate measurements.

A predetermined amount of rainwater is stored in one storage tank of the overturning cell, and after the overturning cell falls, rainwater is immediately stored in the other storage tank, allowing continuous sampling of rainwater without interruption. Therefore, accurate observation of rainfall can be carried out.

If rainwater is collected in intervals of time, the amount of rainwater collected will vary depending on the intensity of the rainfall, but in this invention, by using an overturned basin, a constant amount of rainwater can be collected regardless of the intensity of the rainfall. Can be collected continuously.

Since the rainfall is measured through a rain sampler, an overturning cell, etc., the components in the rain are homogenized during that time, making it possible to obtain accurate measured values.

By measuring the number of times the bucket falls over by the number of times the switch is opened and closed, it is possible to measure the amount of rain without installing a separate rain gauge.

Therefore, the device of the present invention can be particularly suitably used for precise observation of acid rain.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram showing a rainfall measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view showing how the device is tipped over, and Fig. 3 is a partial diagram showing a conventional rainfall measuring device. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram. 1...Rain sampler, 2...Rainfall channel, 3...Measuring unit, 10...Tumbles down.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] A rain collector has a rain outlet formed at the lower end, and a rain collector is installed below the rain collector, and when a predetermined amount of rainfall is injected into one of the two water tanks from the rain collector, it will overturn. a measuring section for rainwater analysis that measures at least conductivity, pH, and rainwater temperature into which rainwater discharged by the overturning action of the overturning container is introduced; A rainfall measuring device characterized by comprising a switch that opens and closes according to the overturning action of the overturning basin.