SU62985A1 - Method for extracting naphthenic acids from petroleum distillates - Google Patents

Description

The oldest and most common method of purification of petroleum products is acid-base, with which: resulting from the neutralization of acidic oil, the so-called alkaline residues contain salts of naphthenic acids, which are very valuable raw materials for soap, paint and varnish, textile, and others.

In recent years, many distillates have only been leached in order to remove and extract naphthenic acids. Caustic soda and only partially soda ash are used as the main reagent. The resulting sodium naphthenic soaps are made to either transport them, either concentrate to obtain the so-called soap, apta, or decompose with sulfuric acid to produce a concentrated solution of naphthenic acids — acidol.

The question of an affordable and cheap substitute for caustic soda is currently being raised. Problem bridging is also conceivable in

other: na.pr2-v .; geniuses, namely, in the direction of regeneration of alkali expended in neutralization.

At the dawn of the development of the Oil industry, when naphthenic acids were not yet properly utilized, caustic was reheated in alkaline residues by evaporation to dryness and roasting dry | Soaps. With this method, the product, which is very valuable for MYLOVA YoDnAl Blend, is that "aftenic acids" is either lost or used in the best case as Toshivo.

In 1909, R. Otto | proposed a method of alkali regeneration from naphthenic soaps, by the action of carbon dioxide under pressure. This method, which does not give the possibility of quantitative extraction of Td carbon, nevertheless requires the use of large quantities of reagentite (COj) and pressure, which, in turn, requires the use of special thick-walled apparatus.

Prof. Gurvich proposed a method for alkali regeneration using hydrofluoric acid and subsequent caustification of NaF in NaOH.

The resulting caustification of Sap2 is regenerated by the action of sulfuric acid S HF, which is then used again to decompose the soaps, etc.

This method also did not find its application, since it was combined with the use of highly hydrolyzed hydrofluoric acid, with the need for caustification and waste of sulfuric acid.

It was also proposed to purify petroleum distillates with methylaminoM or some other fatty liquid one. Potentially obtained o6pia3OM ammonium caffeinic soaps are easily regenerated by heating. This method also has significant shortcomings: 1) complexity obtained, and amines and; 2) unpleasant smell.

In recent years, many researchers have studied ammonia as a substitute for caustic soda, but the Question about regeneration has not been studied.

The proposed method for purification of distillates from naphthenic acids differs favorably from all the above listed methods for the purification of chemicals,

1. A very affordable and inexpensive product — ammonia — is taken for leaching.

2. Spent on (the ammonia reaction is completely reheatable (exclude & at: only cleaning tractor kerosene is used, to achieve a sodium sample, you have to spend a small amount of caustic soda - about 20% of the total amount of silk that is needed for neutralization.

3. The Shteloch regeneration is made by simple equipment without pressure and any reagents.

4. As a result of regeneration, coicentry adducts of naphthenic acids are obtained directly.

The method consists in the following. The petroleum distillate is treated with approximately 51% aqueous paCTBOpOMi ammonia. The resulting solution of ammonium naphthenic acid soaps is decomposed, which is generated by heating pp residuals, resulting in a1M1miak being almost completely regenerated, and cannulated naphthenic ipflciTBop is obtained.

This regeneration process can be carried out either in a steam heated agitator or in a tube furnace and a distillation column. The rest of the equipment, both in volume IB and in another case, consists of absorption columns filled with water and a cooler for condensing water vapor.

Subject invention

Cinoico6 extraction of naphthenic acids from petroleum de Cschatch in with ammonia, about tl and h and from the fact that the aqueous solution of ammonium soaps obtained during the extraction is decomposed with vapre B.aNH | ie, in order to regenerate a (miacia and coicentry preparation) of mallow 1H hydrophobic acid solution.