SU464999A3 - The way of feeding the internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

less than during normal idling.

When the temperature in the reactor decreases below the reactivity of the catalyst and the catalyst's operating temperature is exceeded, at normal and forced idling, the exhaust gases are no longer supplied and the fuel and air supply is increased, providing a total stoichiometric composition of the mixture.

With an increase in engine load, the supply of secondary air and the mixture from the reactor is increased, while the charge is heated, and with a decrease in load, the supply of secondary air and mixture from the reactor is reduced while the charge entering the engine is depleted.

The mixture entering the reactor is heated by the heat of the mixture leaving the reactor before it is heated with heat from the exhaust gases.

All this allows to improve engine operation.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine power system operating in accordance with the proposed method; in fig. 2 is a graph of the temperature of a catalytic reactor during engine start-up and operation.

The power supply system of the automobile engine 1 of the internal combustion contains a catalytic reactor 2, in the working chamber of which a catalyst in the form of sintered elements 3 and an igniter 4 fed from the battery 5 are installed. The device 4 must be located in the mixture flow not less than one element 3. Reactor 2 is equipped with heat exchangers 6 and 7. The reactor is connected to an internal combustion engine 1 by means of a pipe 8, in which a throttle valve 9 is installed, which is connected to the accelerator pedal 10. The pipeline 8 is also connected to the secondary air pipeline 11, in which a regulating valve 12 is installed. To the reactor 2 liquid fuel is supplied from the pump via pipeline 13 to the metering valve 14, and primary air to pipe 15 to the metering valve 16. The pipeline 15 is connected at pipeline 17 with metering valve 18 with exhaust pipe 19 connected to heat exchanger 6. Primary air and liquid fuel enter dispenser 20, which is connected to pipe heat exchanger 7 of reactor 2 by pipe 21. Heat exchanger 6 of reactor 2 is also connected to the exhaust pipe 22 of the engine 1 and to the heat exchanger 7 by means of pipe 23. A temperature sensor 24 is installed in the reactor 2. All metering valves 12, 14, 16 and 18, the dispenser 20 and the temperature sensor 24 are controlled by block 25.

When the engine starts, simultaneously with the operation of the starter, the igniter 4 is turned on. From the dispenser 20, a mixture of liquid fuel and primary air in the composition, slightly lower than the stoichiometric one, is supplied to the reactor 2. This mixture passes heat exchangers.

7 and 6 and is ignited inside the reactor 2 by means of the device 4. As a result of the combustion of the mixture, the elements 3 are heated and a mixture of gases, carbon monoxide and methane, is formed in the reactor. This mixture after reactor 2 is mixed with secondary air, and a charge enters the engine to ensure normal idling. The starter is then turned off. The exhaust gas from the engine through the pipe 22 enters through the heat exchanger 6 in the pipe 19. The mixture, whose composition is slightly lower than the stoichiometric, enters the reactor 2 until the temperature in the reactor reaches the temperature of the reactivity of the catalyst, i.e. from a mixture of fuel, air and exhaust gases, a mixture of carbon monoxide, methane and, depending on the reaction, hydrogen. Due to the fact that the reactor 2 receives more and more mixture for mixing with secondary air, the supply of the latter increases with the help of the metering valve 12, which at the initial moment of start-up strongly throttled the secondary flow.

air breath

After the temperature in the reactor has reached the reactivity of the catalyst, the mixture entering the reactor 2 is enriched either by increasing the fuel supply or by decreasing the primary air supply. Reducing the primary air supply slows down the heating of the reactor, and increasing the fuel supply speeds it up. Due to the inertia of the system, the temperature in the reactor can exceed the operating one, and by adjusting the supply of fuel and primary air, it is possible to smoothly switch to the operating temperature.

To put the engine in load mode in the mixture before the reactor 2 primary

the air is stirred by the exhaust gases, since the temperature of the mixture before the reactor 2 is increased by the heat of the exhaust gases. Primary air can be replaced by exhaust gas to a ratio of 1: 1, while

as the fuel supply is reduced by 1/3 of the primary air supply reduction. For example, if 12 m of primary air and 3 kg of fuel are first supplied, and after replacing 6 m of exhaust gases, the fuel supply is reduced by 1/3 of 1/2, i.e. by 1/6, thus the fuel 3 kg - 0.5 kg 2.5 kg is required. To regulate the engine under load conditions and maintain the supply of the required quantity of the mixture from the reactor 2 and

working temperature in it increase the flow of fuel and primary air in a stoichiometric composition. And with a decrease in the load and an increase in the temperature in the reactor, respectively, the nodach of the primary

air and fuel.

To improve the operation of the reactor, it is necessary to replace the exhaust gases with primary air at a ratio of 1: 1 as the temperature decreases, and the fuel should be increased by 1/3 of the fraction

substitution of supply of air. When raising

reactor temperatures this process is reversed.

In order to increase the engine load, the throttle valve 9 is increased, while the dispenser 20 increases the mixture supply to the reactor 2, which is provided by block 25. Accordingly, as the load decreases, the mixture is reduced to the reactor 2. At the same time, the charge entering the cylinders is enriched or depleted.

The heat exchanger 7 reduces the temperature of the mixture leaving the A-reactor 2, which prevents self-ignition of ori mixing with secondary air and detonation in the engine, at the same time increasing filling. Heat exchanger 7 also contributes to raising the temperature of the mixture in front of the reactor.

Block 25, by signals from temperature sensor 24, turns on the igniter 4, if the temperature in the reactor is lower than the catalyst reactivity temperature, and after reaching the latter, turns off the igniter 4 and increases the secondary air supply, while simultaneously increasing the fuel supply by valve 14. When the operating temperature reaches exhaust gas pan 18 and reduced fuel and primary air supply. A system can be implemented with the dispenser 20 and the throttle valve 9 interconnected. For a smooth transition in the reactor to the operating temperature, it is necessary to increase the supply of secondary air and to reduce its supply of primary air in proportion to the temperature of the catalyst's renal capacity.

The loosened elements 3 are made perforated from HbOZ as a filler and platinum as a catalyst, with 5 mg of platinum per 1 cm of filler. The temperature of the reactivity of the catalyst is 120 ° C. At 420 ° C, complete conversion of the mixture in reactor 2 is achieved, and the operating temperature of the reactor is 480 ° C.

During sintering of the elements 3, parallel channels are formed with the porous surface of the walls. The pore volume is 20-60% of the volume of the cell, preferably 40-50%. The diameter of the channels is 0.1–2 mm, the number of channels per cm depends on their diameter, for example, if the diameter of 1 mm of channels is about forty.

If, when the starter starts, about 10 m of primary air per 1 kg of CsHie liquid fuel is sucked into the engine, which corresponds to 50 mol of air per 1 mol of fuel, to achieve 120 ° C of the onset of the reactivity of the catalyst, it is necessary to burn for 10 seconds. In the process of heating the reactor 2 reduce the flow, for example, 1 kg of fuel CsHie up to 4 m of air. Then for 1 mole of fuel there are 20 moles of air. With

this in reactor 2 occurs following a reaction;

4 (Oh, + 4N,) + C, H ,. -. 4CH, + 4CO, + 16N ,.

After mixing the mixture from the reactor with the secondary air in the engine, the reaction proceeds:

(4CH, + 4CO, + leNj) + 8 (0, + N,) - 8CO, + 8H, O + 48N ,.

When the engine is operating under load conditions with the replacement of primary air with exhaust gases in the reactor at the operating temperature, the following reactions occur:

2 (Oh, + 4N,) + 2 (CO, + H, 0 + 6N,) + + C, 16u - 5CH4 + 5CO., + 20 Mg,

and in the engine:

5CH4 + 5COA + 20N, + 10 (O + 4N,)

- YUSO, + 10H, 0 + 60N.,.

In the graph in FIG. 2, according to smallpox, the time t is plotted, and the ordinate is the temperature in reactor 2. The graph shows the unevenness of temperature rise. At the same time, Gy is the temperature of the catalyst's reagion capacity, T is the temperature of the onset of complete conversion in the reactor, G "is the preferred temperature for the start of the supply of exhaust gases, Gy is the operating temperature of the reactor 2. The linear increase in temperature in the reactor after the temperature of Gy heating and conversion are consumed in parallel, therefore, as the fuel supply increases with increasing temperature, the heat release decreases.

In order to quickly increase the temperature in the reactor from the temperature of the catalyst’s reactivity to working, the supply of air and fuel and the exhaust gases are supplied in an area close to the reactivity temperature, and for a slow one in an area close to the working temperature.

If on the forced idle mode

The temperature in the reactor drops, the flow of exhaust gas to the reactor is stopped, and the primary air and fuel are supplied in a composition that is close to stoichiometric.

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Subject invention

Claims (10)

1. Method of feeding an internal combustion engine by mixing liquid fuel according to with at least one air and obtaining in the catalytic reactor a mixture of gases having carbon monoxide and methane, and then mixing it with secondary air and feeding the resulting charge to the engine for combustion and work, and with the fact that, in order to improve engine operation, at the initial moment of start-up, a mixture of fuel and air with a composition close to stoichiometric is ignited in front of the reactor, and a mixture of such composition is fed until it reaches a reactor at a temperature at which the catalyst’s reactivity arises, after which the mixture is enriched, for example, by increasing the fuel supply (by decreasing the air supply), accelerating the catalyst warm-up, and when the reactor reaches mperatury amount of supplied air is reduced and the mixture upstream of the reactor inlet r exhaust gases of the engine while reducing fuel supply. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that with a rapid increase in the temperature in the reactor from the temperature of the reactivity of the catalyst to the working, the reduction of the air supply and the supply of exhaust gases is carried out in an area close to the temperature of reactivity, and with slow growth in the area adjacent to the operating temperature. 3. Method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that upon start-up, the secondary air is throttled, and when the reactor is heated, the throttling decreases as the air supply to the reactor decreases and the exhaust gases increase. 4. Method according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the air in front of the reactor is replaced with exhaust gases up to a ratio of 1: 1, and the amount of fuel is reduced from the stoichiometric composition by 1/3 of the proportion of the replaced amount of air, and in case of reverse replacement of exhaust gases with air, the supply is increased in the same proportion fuel. 5. Method according to paragraphs. 1-4, different By the fact that, in order to control the temperature of the catalyst under load conditions, when the temperature of the reactor decreases, the flow of exhaust gases decreases and the flow of air and fuel increases, and as the temperature of the reactor increases, the flow of air and fuel respectively decreases and the flow of exhaust gases increases. 6. Method according to paragraphs. 1 -5, I differ by the fact that with increasing engine load increase the flow of air and fuel in a stoichiometric ratio. 7. Method according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that in the forced idle mode stroke, the flow of exhaust gas is stopped, and air and fuel are supplied in a stoichiometric composition in an amount less than normal idle. 8. Method according to paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that, when the temperature in the reactor drops below the temperature of the reactivity of the catalyst and the operating temperature of the catalyst is exceeded at normal and forced idling, the flow of exhaust gases and increase the flow of fuel and air, providing the overall composition of the mixture, close to stoichiometric. 9. Method according to paragraphs. 1-8, characterized in that with increasing engine load increase the supply of secondary air and the mixture from the reactor while enriching the charge supplied to the engine, and with a decrease in load, the supply of secondary air and mixture from the reactor is reduced while the charge entering the engine is depleted. 10. Method according to paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the mixture entering the reactor is heated by the heat of the mixture leaving the reactor before being heated with heat of exhaust gases. / 7 22