SU42026A1 - Furnace for thermal processing of solid fuels - Google Patents

Description

The present invention aims to improve the vertical furnaces for thermal processing of combustible, having a zone of dry distillation of solid fuel and a zone of subsequent cracking of volatile products released in the feather zone.

The proposed drawing depicts an example of a structural design of the furnace. FIG. 1 shows a section along the longitudinal axis of the furnace; in fig. 2 is a cross-section along AL of FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a longitudinal section along the heating wall along line BB of FIG. 2, and in FIG. 4 and 4a are variants of the discharge device.

The architectural furnace is designed as a vertical retort of the chamber type with the corresponding heat treatment zones.

In the order of the process, coal or some other type of fuel is supplied by any transport gif to a metal bunker / capacity equal to 6-8 hours of furnace capacity. The bunker has a divider 4 dividing the coal jet into two jets directed to the hatches 5 of the furnace. Under the divider is the drive mechanism 3 of two tray feeders 2.

The arrangement of the sloped bottom of the bunker with the feeder and the divider is made so that the normal pressure of the coal column does not fall completely on the feeder, but is distributed to the bottom of the bunker and the divider. This solution allows the coal to pour out of the hole between the feeder and the bottom at an angle of repose. Loose coal without destroying lumps and a great expenditure of energy is evenly discharged by the feeder into the hatches.

The proposed design is simple and expedient for lumpy material, protecting it from grinding and from the formation of dust.

From the hatches 5, coal enters the coking chamber 6. On the sides of the coking chamber there are heating chambers. Below the burners, the coking chamber, which is expanded, passes into the cracking and gasification chamber 7. The heating piers are divided vertically into three chambers. For the strength of the masonry, the chambers have vertical perforated walls 30.

The division of heating into three zones is made due to the need to gradually heat the mass of coal.

The general idea of heating is based on the principle of hydraulic flame theory. Each camera has its own, under 32.

The heated combustible gas and air through the corresponding channels 26 and 2 are supplied to the burners, and the mountains,

rise up. After heat-cooling, gasses flow through perforated walls 30 to the furnace heads and descend to the hearth and through window 2P in a continuous vertical wall, at the extreme vertical m 3J, enter window 35, then are distributed through the second heating chamber. Cooling, the gases pass to the windows 36, through them to the wells-5 connecting to the third chamber and then to the third heating chamber. Here, the gases descend to the hearth 32 and, after making a path similar to that in the first chamber, go to the smoke lines 37.

Holed walls J with windows .55 allow free flow of flue gases, the possibility of developing circulation flows, and therefore, guarantee the uniformity of temperature.

At insignificant rates of flue gases, heat transfer will be effected by 90% radiation. With a small height of the chamber in each of them there will be a relatively small difference in temperature in height. The movement of the flue gases can be clearly seen from the attached diagram.

Coke, which has already passed all stages of coking, enters chamber 7. The volatiles from chamber 6 go to chamber 7, but in a different way than coke. Since for volatile gases through a high-altitude chamber, a large vacuum is needed, which, when the furnace is lined with bricks, leads to disruption of work, the removal of gases and vapors is made through channels 38 in the furnace heads. The channels are connected to a camera 6 near windows.

The movement of gases in the thickness of the coal when the designed system of their removal occurs in the horizontal direction.

Due to the continuity of the furnace and the gradual movement of the coal down the aperture, it cannot form goats that interfere with the removal of gases. Then, the largest amount of gases — water vapor and oil vapor — is formed not yet in the sintered part and, therefore, also without special difficulty, can be removed through the bends. Hence, it is clear that there cannot be a suction into the smoke section of the furnace from the coking chambers. As regards the flow of flue gases into the coking chamber, it is similar to that in coke ovens.

Taking into account all the above, we can confidently say that the flow will be within normal limits.

In general, with this gas supply system, both chambers can be kept under any pressure and vacuum (within the limits created by the fans).

From the outlets 5c, gases and vapors are consumed in chamber 7. A vacuum begins to act here, since there is no danger of hicking. Through the channels 9, through the window 10, an overheated vapor-air mixture is supplied, and all the vapors and gases are directed down to the outlet openings / 2 and N.

The heat that is lacking for the reactions taking place in chamber 7 is replenished by the reaction of the combustion of oxygen of the vapor-air mixture with part of the hot coke. The amount of air can be introduced just in a proportion that is required for nitrogen in the synthesis of ammonia.

Depending on the height of the catalyst bed - coke - the gases passed through the coke undergo one or another decomposition. In the proposed furnace, it is possible to take gas in two places, through channels 7 / and 13. If desired, complete conversion converts gas through channel 13. If desired, to obtain luminous gas — select through channel / 7, with simultaneous termination of the inlet of the vapor-air mixture.

The degree of heating of the cake, the inlet of the steam-air mixture and the height of the catalyst-coke, are the factors that control the furnace, which make it possible to create any mode, to get any output of products.

Below camera 7 is camera 8. Camera 8 has both technological and purely constructive significance. It is a coke cooler using cold gas injected through the pipes 25. Due to expansion, better mixing and therefore cooling take place.

In its lower cold part, the chamber ends in a constriction, which decomposes the normal pressure of the coal and takes part of this pressure on itself.

The pressure of the furnace masonry and the severity of the entire reinforcement is transmitted to the supporting walls (concrete stones). Between the walls, a free room is formed where the unloader rolls in on the rollers. The insertion is done from the side of the door 28, which is hermetically closed. The mechanism consists of a splitter / 7, which separates the jet of coke into two, directed them to the grids 75 and / b.

The design is based on the desire to load moving parts of the unloading material, pouring on them under very low pressure, i.e., dumping under the influence of the angle of repose, is done, so to speak, free dumping (the same as in the loading mechanism) by moving grids rolling on balls. Coke spills down evenly, gets on scraper conveyor 75 and goes to stationary bunker 20 with two conical valves.

The actuators 22 and 23 are located outside the furnace and are connected to their parts in the furnace with rods through the glands. Removal of coke can be made using any transport device. Trolley 27 is shown as an example. The furnace can be supplied in one unit.

The furnaces are reinforced with stiff fittings and sheathed for gas impermeability with thin iron. To reduce heat loss, the outer parts are insulated with an insulating brick.

FIG. 4 and 4a show another variant of the unloader, in which the feeding conveyor J8 has been modified.

The latter is enclosed in movable trays 39 set in motion from a shaft with gears mounted on it.

Trays 39 have a toothed rack on the bottom surface.

The pressure of the coal is perceived by the plane 40 and partly by the tray. When the tray is moved under plane 40, the coke is poured onto the conveyor, as shown in FIG. 4a. The rest of the unloader is similar to that described above.

The subject matter of the invention.

1. Furnace for thermal processing of solid combustible minerals by cracking in the process of passing through a zone of hot coke resinous gas contained in the raw gas, in the presence of water vapor or an air-steam mixture, characterized in that to discharge the distillation products from the coking chamber 6 into the chamber cracking and gasification 7 serves as a duct 38 located in the furnace heads, equipped with a row of windows.

2. The form of the furnace, in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the bunker 7 associated with it for feeding with coal flow of the hatches 5 is equipped with a divider 4 and Nutrient trays 2 driven by a mechanism 3 located under the said divider.

3. In the furnace according to p. 1, the use of a device for unloading the chambers, consisting of the trolley-mounted conveyor 75, the movable grating 75 and the divider / 7.

4. In the furnace according to claim 1, use a device for unloading chambers consisting of a conveyor 75 mounted on one frame, a tray feeder 39 and a shifting plane 40.

E copyright certificate V.I. Zhunko

and L. S. Zaglodin JN 42026

And% of FIG:

t

g