SU2892A1 - Heat power plant with internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

When transmitting energy by compressed air, the main loss is loss due to cooling of the air in the pipeline on the way from the compressor to the device that consumes compressed air (compressed air motor, air hammer, locomotive cylinders, etc.). On the contrary, if the temperature of the compressed air is increased upon leaving the compressor, the energy of the compressed air increases in proportion to absolute temperatures. The present invention aims to achieve an economical operation of a heat installation with an internal combustion engine.

FIG. 1-3 of the schematic drawing, the effect of the proposed thermal installation with an internal combustion engine is explained; FIG. 4 shows the proposed device, in FIG. 5, 6 and 7 are three modifications thereof; in FIG. 8 is a diagram of a four-cylinder two-stroke engine, double compression and expansion, implementing a system with an intermediate exhaust of a part of gases as modified, as shown in FIG. 6, and in FIG. 9

shows an exemplary device of a pneumatic diesel locomotive in a system with an intermediate discharge of a part of gases. In the present invention, an intermediate gas exhaust from the engine is used (Figs. 1 and 2). It is thermodynamically advantageous if some of the gases are released from the engine cylinder on the expansion line at pressures exceeding the pressure in the boiler, to which the compressor is supplied with compressed air. Part of the gases from the engine cylinder can be released using a special valve (or valve, valve, etc.) located either in the engine cover or through a hole in the wall of the cylinder. The release with const, (Fig. 1) is very beneficial, since the outflow of gases into the boiler through the slots or valve occurs mostly at pressures above the critical and, as is known, with the speed of sound, as a result, the time of contact of hot gases with the cooled walls are extremely short and this contributes to the fact that the heat losses during the bypass and the heating of the by-pass bodies in the engine will be minimal; this also contributes to lowering the temperature of the gases during the expiration, due to the transfer of heat into high-speed energy; in the boiler, however, the velocity energy of the gases is converted into heat and, thus, no energy is lost; the hot gases, mixed in the cooler with the cooler air, form a mixture of moderate temperature, which therefore loses less heat through the walls. The release of gases at p const, (Fig. 2) is carried out most easily in a double compression and expansion engine (Fig. 3), in which the entire cycle of the engine is divided into three cylinders:

1) air cylinder (area 0-1-2-9);

2) burning cylinder (area 2-3-4-5);

3) expansion cylinder (area 9-7-8-1-0).

In general, a dual compression and expansion engine is particularly suitable for the implementation of a system with an intermediate discharge of some gases; Venting gases to a compressed air boiler is taken from a pipe through which gases are passed from the high pressure cylinder to the low pressure cylinder. If, for example, to produce the release of 50% of gases at a pressure in the boiler p 11 atm. abs T5 1360 ° adc.), The area of the indicator chart of the engine will be 0.64 of the area of the normal indicator diagram of the engine; therefore, with the same mehan. coefficient, the compressor can only feed 0.64 kg to the boiler instead of 1 kg. The amount of air (at a 1.75) working in the engine is 0.57 kg, and the amount of the mixture will be 0.570 + 0.0288 0.5928 kg. The mixing temperature will be: 0.64.53Н + 0.2964.1360

-064 + 072964 - -

- -522 ° C).

From all the heat of the fuel transferred

to the energy of the mixture:

0.925-28000 795

 0.394,

427.228 536

those. there will be an increase in efficiency, compared with the system without

0.394

- 1.37 times.

preheater in

0.287

Depending on what part of the gases will be diverted and mixed with air, the final result depends: the choice is dictated by the considerations that the mixture temperature does not exceed a certain limit allowed by the design of the consuming apparatus (locomotive cylinders, pneumatic hammer cylinders, etc. P.). Cooling the mixture in the pipeline on the way to the place of consumption will reduce the final cost-effectiveness, and therefore it is necessary to fight with this device proper insulation of pipes and boiler. For example, it is assumed that this system is applied to a diesel locomotive: let the cooling in the pipes and the boiler be equal to 20% of the temperature difference between the mixture and the environment, i.e. 0.2 (522 -15) 102 ° C, i.e. i 522 - 102,420 ° C. It is assumed that other pneumatic transmission losses (leakage through leaks, resistance on the way and losses due to incomplete expansion in locomotive cylinders) are estimated by the coefficient (,, 82, and the mechanical losses in the locomotive itself | ", 0, 85; then the profitability of the locomotive will be p, g 0.394 X, 82X0.85 0.24.

For very long pipelines (in factories), a very suitable system is a system with a colorizer, provided that the latter is arranged as close as possible to the point of consumption of compressed air. It is also possible to use both systems simultaneously, since this is allowed by the temperature conditions of the apparatus that consumes compressed air. A system with an intermediate discharge of part of the gases reduces the heat loss in the exhaust gases of the engine, since their quantity decreases and the corresponding amount of energy is transferred to the place of consumption of compressed air. If a multi-cylinder engine is used, instead of diverting some gases from all cylinders, they can be completely removed from several engine cylinders, and the remaining cylinders are allowed to work normally with exhaust gas completely into the atmosphere. Those cylinders, from which gases will be completely drained into the boiler, will thus work with a back pressure equal to the pressure in the boiler; the discharge valve will act as a relief valve. When using a dual compression engine and expanding the functions of the compressor and the air cylinder of the engine can be combined into one. Actual number of cylinders: due to constructive reflections. With this kind of separation of cylinders according to functions, it is convenient to represent the main variants of the system with an intermediate removal of a part of gases.

In the proposed installation, according to FIG. 4, the air compressed to a pressure slightly exceeding the pressure in the boiler, in compressor B (structurally there may be several working in parallel) is directed partly into the boiler K, partly into the combustion cylinder C of the internal throat engine; the products of combustion of the fuel after it is divided into two streams: one is directed to the expansion cylinder P, from where the exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere; another stream is poured into the boiler and is mixed with air, with which it goes to the place of consumption.

In a modification, according to FIG. 5, all the air from compressor B passes through the combustion cylinder C, but part of the air, passing through it, passes directly into the boiler, the other part is retained in it and serves to burn the fuel; the products of combustion upon its exit are also divided into de-flow (partly into the boiler K, partly into the cylinder of successive expansion P).

In a modification, according to FIG. 6, the products of combustion go completely to boiler K, from where, after mixing with compressed air, part of them goes to the cylinder of sequential expansion P, and the rest to the machine working with a mixture of compressed air and gas.

In a modification, according to FIG. 7, compressed by the compressor In the air goes

 g

into two cylinders of internal combustion C, the products of combustion of one of which go to boiler K and to a machine operating with a mixture of compressed air and gas, the products of combustion of another cylinder C go into a cylinder of sequential expansion P.

Bypassing some of the gases into the boiler can be done not in the interval between the burning chamber and the expansion cylinder (i.e., not on the cycle expansion line), but after the gases exit from the engine expansion cylinder, a part of gases is taken from the exhaust pipe (silencer) and by compressing them with a special compressor to a pressure not lower than the pressure in the boiler. This option is the least expedient in a constructive respect, but in individual, special cases, it can be applied to an existing installation where other options would be difficult to apply.

FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a four-cylinder two-stroke engine of double compression and expansion, implementing a system with an intermediate discharge of a part of gases as modified by B1, as shown in FIG. 6. The boiler is divided by a partition into two parts in order to separate the clean air from the working mixture and in view of some pressure difference needed to purge the combustion cylinder. The engine is started up by pressure in the boiler, the engine expansion cylinder through its intake valve. The load is reduced by reducing the air supply of the air cylinder, as well as by changing the engine speed as desired.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary device of a pneumatic locomotive in a system with an intermediate discharge of a part of gases. Two boilers can be located above the windows; the space under the windows can be filled with tanks for fuel and for water (circulation cooling). By changing the proportions of the flow of gases flowing into the expansion cylinder and the boiler, the temperature of the mixture feeding the cylinders of the locomotive can be adjusted as desired.

SUBJECT OF THE PATENT.

1. A thermal power plant with an internal combustion engine and a pneumatic transfer of operation, characterized from (Fig. 1-4) by the fact that part of the air compressed by compressor B is supplied to boiler K, and the other part to the cylinder of internal combustion engine C, from where some products during expansion in one or several consecutive cylinders is transferred to the same boiler K and, when mixed with air, into a machine operating with a mixture of compressed air and gas, the remainder of the combustion products finally expands in cylinder P and is released in atmosphere.

2. A variation of the installation described in paragraph 1, characterized in that (FIG. 5) that air compressed by compressor B is fed into the internal combustion cylinder C and part of it passes to boiler K, while part serves to burn liquid or gaseous fuel in cylinder C. whence the products of combustion go — partly to the boiler K, partly to a cylinder of successive expansion R.

3. Variation of the installation described in section 2, characterized (FIG. 6) by the fact that the combustion products go completely to the boiler K., when mixed with compressed air, part of them goes to the cylinder of the expansion P and the rest is to the machine working with a mixture of compressed air and gas.

4. Variations of the installation described in section 1, characterized in that (Fig. 7) that compressed air B goes into two internal combustion cylinders C, the combustion products of one of which go to boiler K and to a machine working with a mixture of compressed air and gas , the products of combustion of another cylinder C go to a cylinder of sequential expansion P.

Tipo-lithograph Red Pechatnik, Leningrad, International 75.